10-Q 1 vvi-10q_20160930.htm FORM 10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2016

or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____________ to

Commission file number: 001-11015

Viad Corp

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 36-1169950
State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
1850 North Central Avenue, Suite 1900 Phoenix, Arizona |  | 85004-4565
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(602) 207-1000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files.) Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☒
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of October 28, 2016, there were 20,307,906 shares of Common Stock ($1.50 par value) outstanding.

INDEX

|  | Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. | Financial Statements | 1
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 | 1
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 | 2
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 | 4
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 5
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 23
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 36
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 37
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 38
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 38
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 38
Item 6. | Exhibits | 39
SIGNATURES | 39

PART I - FINANCI AL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

VIAD CORP

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
(in thousands, except share data) |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 52,681 |  |  | $ | 56,531 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowances for doubtful accounts of $1,465 and $1,593, respectively |  |  | 136,888 |  |  |  | 93,800 |
Inventories |  |  | 41,271 |  |  |  | 27,529 |
Other current assets |  |  | 21,349 |  |  |  | 17,311 |
Total current assets |  |  | 252,189 |  |  |  | 195,171 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 267,377 |  |  |  | 189,239 |
Other investments and assets |  |  | 37,643 |  |  |  | 37,631 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 42,178 |  |  |  | 50,137 |
Goodwill |  |  | 222,896 |  |  |  | 185,223 |
Other intangible assets, net |  |  | 70,602 |  |  |  | 33,322 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 892,885 |  |  | $ | 690,723 |
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 110,105 |  |  | $ | 65,497 |
Customer deposits |  |  | 61,720 |  |  |  | 33,128 |
Accrued compensation |  |  | 27,986 |  |  |  | 23,154 |
Other current liabilities |  |  | 42,052 |  |  |  | 29,238 |
Current portion of debt and capital lease obligations |  |  | 115,623 |  |  |  | 34,554 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 357,486 |  |  |  | 185,571 |
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations |  |  | 78,852 |  |  |  | 92,849 |
Pension and postretirement benefits |  |  | 29,399 |  |  |  | 29,629 |
Other deferred items and liabilities |  |  | 45,819 |  |  |  | 47,336 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 511,556 |  |  |  | 355,385 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Viad Corp stockholders’ equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock, $1.50 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 24,934,981 shares issued |  |  | 37,402 |  |  |  | 37,402 |
Additional capital |  |  | 573,369 |  |  |  | 576,523 |
Retained earnings (deficit) |  |  | 22,381 |  |  |  | (17,866 | )
Unearned employee benefits and other |  |  | 144 |  |  |  | 109 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized gain on investments |  |  | 408 |  |  |  | 346 |
Cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments |  |  | (22,534 | ) |  |  | (23,257 | )
Unrecognized net actuarial loss and prior service credit, net |  |  | (11,165 | ) |  |  | (11,265 | )
Common stock in treasury, at cost, 4,638,092 and 4,771,443 shares, respectively |  |  | (232,198 | ) |  |  | (239,411 | )
Total Viad stockholders’ equity |  |  | 367,807 |  |  |  | 322,581 |
Noncontrolling interest |  |  | 13,522 |  |  |  | 12,757 |
Total stockholders’ equity |  |  | 381,329 |  |  |  | 335,338 |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |  | $ | 892,885 |  |  | $ | 690,723 |

Refer to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

1

VIAD CORP

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
(in thousands, except per share data) |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exhibition and event services |  | $ | 240,278 |  |  | $ | 152,664 |  |  | $ | 681,592 |  |  | $ | 603,530 |
Exhibits and environments |  |  | 44,785 |  |  |  | 36,199 |  |  |  | 123,871 |  |  |  | 128,830 |
Travel and recreation services |  |  | 97,402 |  |  |  | 67,083 |  |  |  | 143,111 |  |  |  | 105,017 |
Total revenue |  |  | 382,465 |  |  |  | 255,946 |  |  |  | 948,574 |  |  |  | 837,377 |
Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Costs of services |  |  | 278,764 |  |  |  | 205,227 |  |  |  | 743,032 |  |  |  | 667,356 |
Costs of products sold |  |  | 44,784 |  |  |  | 36,148 |  |  |  | 118,891 |  |  |  | 120,289 |
Corporate activities |  |  | 2,772 |  |  |  | 1,354 |  |  |  | 7,390 |  |  |  | 6,147 |
Interest income |  |  | (44 | ) |  |  | (65 | ) |  |  | (138 | ) |  |  | (571 | )
Interest expense |  |  | 1,489 |  |  |  | 1,198 |  |  |  | 4,109 |  |  |  | 3,452 |
Restructuring charges |  |  | 1,697 |  |  |  | 257 |  |  |  | 3,664 |  |  |  | 1,542 |
Impairment charges |  |  | 120 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 120 |  |  |  | — |
Total costs and expenses |  |  | 329,582 |  |  |  | 244,119 |  |  |  | 877,068 |  |  |  | 798,215 |
Income from continuing operations before income taxes |  |  | 52,883 |  |  |  | 11,827 |  |  |  | 71,506 |  |  |  | 39,162 |
Income tax expense |  |  | 17,878 |  |  |  | 3,746 |  |  |  | 23,652 |  |  |  | 10,851 |
Income from continuing operations |  |  | 35,005 |  |  |  | 8,081 |  |  |  | 47,854 |  |  |  | 28,311 |
Loss from discontinued operations |  |  | (221 | ) |  |  | (163 | ) |  |  | (771 | ) |  |  | (233 | )
Net income |  |  | 34,784 |  |  |  | 7,918 |  |  |  | 47,083 |  |  |  | 28,078 |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interest |  |  | (992 | ) |  |  | (688 | ) |  |  | (765 | ) |  |  | (515 | )
Net income attributable to Viad |  | $ | 33,792 |  |  | $ | 7,230 |  |  | $ | 46,318 |  |  | $ | 27,563 |
Diluted income per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Continuing operations attributable to Viad common stockholders |  | $ | 1.68 |  |  | $ | 0.37 |  |  | $ | 2.33 |  |  | $ | 1.38 |
Discontinued operations attributable to Viad common stockholders |  |  | (0.01 | ) |  |  | (0.01 | ) |  |  | (0.04 | ) |  |  | (0.01 | )
Net income attributable to Viad common stockholders |  | $ | 1.67 |  |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | 2.29 |  |  | $ | 1.37 |
Weighted-average outstanding and potentially dilutive common shares |  |  | 20,207 |  |  |  | 19,974 |  |  |  | 20,150 |  |  |  | 19,946 |
Basic income per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Continuing operations attributable to Viad common stockholders |  | $ | 1.68 |  |  | $ | 0.37 |  |  | $ | 2.33 |  |  | $ | 1.38 |
Discontinued operations attributable to Viad common stockholders |  |  | (0.01 | ) |  |  | (0.01 | ) |  |  | (0.04 | ) |  |  | (0.01 | )
Net income attributable to Viad common stockholders |  | $ | 1.67 |  |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | 2.29 |  |  | $ | 1.37 |
Weighted-average outstanding common shares |  |  | 20,017 |  |  |  | 19,831 |  |  |  | 19,972 |  |  |  | 19,782 |
Dividends declared per common share |  | $ | 0.10 |  |  | $ | 0.10 |  |  | $ | 0.30 |  |  | $ | 0.30 |
Amounts attributable to Viad common stockholders |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income from continuing operations |  | $ | 34,013 |  |  | $ | 7,393 |  |  | $ | 47,089 |  |  | $ | 27,796 |
Loss from discontinued operations |  |  | (221 | ) |  |  | (163 | ) |  |  | (771 | ) |  |  | (233 | )
Net income |  | $ | 33,792 |  |  | $ | 7,230 |  |  | $ | 46,318 |  |  | $ | 27,563 |

Refer to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

2

VIAD CORP

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Net income |  | $ | 34,784 |  |  | $ | 7,918 |  |  | $ | 47,083 |  |  | $ | 28,078 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments, net of tax(1) |  |  | 42 |  |  |  | (153 | ) |  |  | 62 |  |  |  | (20 | )
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustments, net of tax(1) |  |  | (3,849 | ) |  |  | (11,491 | ) |  |  | 723 |  |  |  | (23,117 | )
Change in net actuarial gain, net of tax(1) |  |  | 93 |  |  |  | 139 |  |  |  | 334 |  |  |  | 475 |
Change in prior service cost, net of tax(1) |  |  | (78 | ) |  |  | (86 | ) |  |  | (234 | ) |  |  | (257 | )
Comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 30,992 |  |  |  | (3,673 | ) |  |  | 47,968 |  |  |  | 5,159 |
Comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interest |  |  | (992 | ) |  |  | (688 | ) |  |  | (765 | ) |  |  | (515 | )
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Viad |  | $ | 30,000 |  |  | $ | (4,361 | ) |  | $ | 47,203 |  |  | $ | 4,644 |

(1) | The tax effect on other comprehensive income (loss) is not significant.

Refer to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

3

VIAD CORP

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

|  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Cash flows from operating activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 47,083 |  |  | $ | 28,078 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 31,206 |  |  |  | 27,040 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | (3,549 | ) |  |  | (1,128 | )
Loss from discontinued operations |  |  | 771 |  |  |  | 233 |
Restructuring charges |  |  | 3,664 |  |  |  | 1,542 |
Impairment charges |  |  | 120 |  |  |  | — |
(Gains) losses on dispositions of property and other assets |  |  | 126 |  |  |  | (307 | )
Share-based compensation expense |  |  | 4,709 |  |  |  | 3,131 |
Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation arrangements |  |  | (60 | ) |  |  | (13 | )
Other non-cash items, net |  |  | 4,644 |  |  |  | 4,427 |
Change in operating assets and liabilities (excluding the impact of acquisitions): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Receivables |  |  | (41,510 | ) |  |  | (27,956 | )
Inventories |  |  | (12,903 | ) |  |  | (6,258 | )
Accounts payable |  |  | 38,522 |  |  |  | 14,899 |
Restructuring liabilities |  |  | (2,518 | ) |  |  | (1,888 | )
Accrued compensation |  |  | (620 | ) |  |  | 3,385 |
Customer deposits |  |  | 26,954 |  |  |  | 23,618 |
Income taxes payable |  |  | 5,280 |  |  |  | 2,641 |
Other assets and liabilities, net |  |  | 13,503 |  |  |  | 4,899 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 115,422 |  |  |  | 76,343 |
Cash flows from investing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures |  |  | (32,582 | ) |  |  | (19,030 | )
Cash paid for acquired businesses |  |  | (145,735 | ) |  |  | (430 | )
Proceeds from dispositions of property and other assets |  |  | 774 |  |  |  | 844 |
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | (177,543 | ) |  |  | (18,616 | )
Cash flows from financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from borrowings |  |  | 153,000 |  |  |  | 35,000 |
Payments on debt and capital lease obligations |  |  | (86,989 | ) |  |  | (58,981 | )
Acquisition of business - deferred consideration |  |  | — |  |  |  | (896 | )
Dividends paid on common stock |  |  | (6,079 | ) |  |  | (6,020 | )
Debt issuance costs |  |  | (340 | ) |  |  | — |
Common stock purchased for treasury |  |  | (679 | ) |  |  | (4,776 | )
Excess tax benefit from share-based compensation arrangements |  |  | 60 |  |  |  | 13 |
Proceeds from exercise of stock options |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,041 |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  |  | 58,973 |  |  |  | (34,619 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (702 | ) |  |  | (4,785 | )
Net change in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (3,850 | ) |  |  | 18,323 |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year |  |  | 56,531 |  |  |  | 56,990 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period |  | $ | 52,681 |  |  | $ | 75,313 |
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for income taxes |  | $ | 8,355 |  |  | $ | 6,835 |
Cash paid for interest |  | $ | 3,679 |  |  | $ | 3,220 |
Property and equipment acquired under capital leases |  | $ | 950 |  |  | $ | 618 |
Property and equipment purchases in accounts payable and accrued liabilities |  | $ | 5,617 |  |  | $ | 184 |

Refer to Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

4

VIAD CORP

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 1. Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Viad Corp (“Viad” or the “Company”) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X for interim financial information. Accordingly, these financial statements do not include all of the information required by GAAP or Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) rules and regulations for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, these financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with Viad’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, filed with the SEC on March 11, 2016.

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Viad and its subsidiaries. All significant intercompany account balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported period. Estimates and assumptions are used in accounting for, among other things, the fair value of Viad’s reporting units used to perform annual impairment testing of recorded goodwill, allowances for uncollectible accounts receivable, provisions for income taxes, including uncertain tax positions, valuation allowances related to deferred tax assets, liabilities for losses related to self-insured liability claims, liabilities for losses related to environmental remediation obligations, sublease income associated with restructuring liabilities, assumptions used to measure pension and postretirement benefit costs and obligations, assumptions used to determine share-based compensation costs under the fair value method, and allocation of purchase price of acquired businesses. Actual results could differ from these and other estimates.

Nature of Business

Viad is an international experiential services company with operations in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, continental Europe, and the United Arab Emirates. Viad is committed to providing best in class experiences to its clients, customers, and guests by offering products and services designed to meet their current and future needs. Viad operates through three reportable business segments: the Marketing & Events U.S. Segment (the “U.S. Segment”), the Marketing & Events International Segment (the “International Segment”) (collectively, the “Marketing & Events Group”), and the Travel & Recreation Group.

Marketing & Events Group

The Marketing & Events Group, comprised of Global Experience Specialists, Inc. and affiliates (“GES”), is a global, full-service provider for live events that produces exhibitions, congresses and conferences, corporate events, consumer events, exhibits, and entertainment experiences. GES provides a comprehensive range of live event services, including official show services, audio-visual services, cutting-edge creative and design, strategic marketing and measurement services, registration, and event accommodations – all with a global reach.

GES’ clients include event organizers and corporate brand marketers. Corporate brand marketers include exhibitors and domestic and international corporations that want to promote their brands, services and innovations, feature new products, and build business relationships. GES serves corporate brand marketers when they exhibit at shows and when GES is engaged to manage their global exhibit program or produce their proprietary corporate events.

Travel & Recreation Group

The Travel & Recreation Group offers guests distinctive and world renowned experiences in iconic natural and cultural destinations in North America through its collection of unique hotels, lodges, recreational attractions, and transportation services. The Travel & Recreation Group is composed of four lines of business: (i) Hospitality; (ii) Attractions; (iii) Package Tours; and (iv) Transportation. These four lines of business work together, driving economies of scope and meaningful scale in and around the iconic destinations of Banff, Jasper, and Waterton Lakes National Parks in Canada, and Glacier, Denali, and Kenai Fjords National Parks in the United States. The Travel & Recreation Group is composed of Brewster Inc. (“Brewster”), Glacier Park, Inc. (“Glacier Park”), and Alaskan Park Properties, Inc. (“Alaska Denali Travel”) and CATC Alaska Tourism Corporation, formerly known as CIRI Alaska Tourism Corporation (“CATC”), (collectively, the “Alaska Collection”).

5

Impact of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The following table provides a brief description of recent accounting pronouncements:

Standard |  | Description |  | Date of adoption |  | Effect on the financial statements
Standards Not Yet Adopted |  |  |  |  |  |
ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) |  | The standard establishes a new recognition model that requires revenue to be recognized in a manner to depict the transfer of goods or services to a customer at an amount that reflects the consideration expected to be received in exchange for those goods or services. The Company may adopt either retrospectively to each prior period presented with the option to elect certain practical expedients or with the cumulative effect recognized at the date of initial application and providing certain disclosures. Subsequent to the issuance of ASU 2014-09, the FASB issued several amendments in 2016 to the original standard including ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net), ASU 2016-10, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing, and ASU 2016-12, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Narrow Scope Improvements and Practical Expedients. These amendments do not change the core principle of the guidance stated in ASU 2014-09. Rather, they are intended to clarify and improve understanding of certain topics included within the revenue standard |  | January 1, 2018 |  | The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of this new guidance on its financial position or results of operations, including the method of adoption to be used.
ASU 2015-11, Inventory (Topic 330) - Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory |  | The amendment applies to inventory measures using first-in, first-out or average cost and will require entities to measure inventory at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the normal course of business, minus the cost of completion, disposal and transportation. Replacement cost and net realizable value less a normal profit margin will no longer be considered. |  | January 1, 2017 |  | The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a significant effect on Viad's consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842) |  | The amendment requires lessees to recognize on their balance sheet a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for leases with lease terms greater than one year. The amendment requires additional disclosures about leasing arrangements, and requires a modified retrospective approach to adoption. Early adoption is permitted. |  | January 1, 2019 |  | The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of this new guidance on its financial position or results of operations.
ASU 2016-09, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718) - Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting |  | The amendment identifies areas for simplification involving several aspects of accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, an option to recognize gross stock compensation expense with actual forfeitures recognized as they occur, as well as certain classifications on the statement of cash flows. Early adoption is permitted. |  | January 1, 2017 |  | The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of this new guidance on its financial position or results of operations.
ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) - Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments |  | The amendment provides guidance on eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. Early adoption is permitted. |  | January 1, 2018 |  | The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of the adoption of this new guidance on its financial position or results of operations.

6

Standard |  | Description |  | Date of adoption |  | Effect on the financial statements
Standards Recently Adopted
ASU 2014-12, Compensation - Stock Compensation (Topic 718) - Accounting for Share-Based Payments When the Terms of an Award Provide that a Performance Target Could be Achieved after the Requisite Service Period |  | The amendment requires that a performance target that affects vesting, and that could be achieved after the requisite service period, be treated as a performance condition. As such, the performance target should not be reflected in estimating the grant date fair value of the award. |  | January 1, 2016 |  | The Company adopted this guidance prospectively to all awards granted after the effective date. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2015-03, Interest - Imputation of Interest Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs ASU 2015-15, Presentation and Subsequent Measurement of Debt Issuance Costs Associated with Line-of-Credit Arrangements |  | The amendments require debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability to be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability. For line-of-credit arrangements, an entity may defer and present debt issuance costs as an asset and subsequently amortize the deferred debt issuance costs ratably over the term of the line-of-credit arrangement. |  | January 1, 2016 |  | The adoption of this guidance resulted in the reclassification of unamortized debt issuance costs of $1.6 million from other long-term assets to a reduction in long-term debt on the December 31, 2015 consolidated balance sheet.
ASU 2015-16, Business Combinations (Topic 805) - Simplifying the Accounting for Measurement-Period Adjustments |  | The amendment requires an acquirer to recognize adjustments to provisional amounts that are identified during the measurement period in the reporting period in which the adjustment amounts are determined. |  | January 1, 2016 |  | The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements.

Note 2. Share-Based Compensation

The following table summarizes share-based compensation expense:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Performance unit incentive plan (“PUP”) |  | $ | 1,601 |  |  | $ | 456 |  |  | $ | 2,952 |  |  | $ | 1,444 |
Restricted stock |  |  | 523 |  |  |  | 523 |  |  |  | 1,597 |  |  |  | 1,623 |
Restricted stock units |  |  | 86 |  |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | 160 |  |  |  | 64 |
Share-based compensation before income tax benefit |  |  | 2,210 |  |  |  | 1,025 |  |  |  | 4,709 |  |  |  | 3,131 |
Income tax benefit |  |  | (812 | ) |  |  | (381 | ) |  |  | (1,750 | ) |  |  | (1,180 | )
Share-based compensation, net of income tax benefit |  | $ | 1,398 |  |  | $ | 644 |  |  | $ | 2,959 |  |  | $ | 1,951 |

Viad recorded zero and $0.2 million of share-based compensation expense through restructuring expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively, and zero and $0.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, respectively.

The following table summarizes the activity of the outstanding share-based compensation awards:

|  | Restricted Stock |  |  | PUP Awards |  |  | Restricted Stock Units |
|  | Shares |  |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value |  |  | Shares |  |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value |  |  | Shares |  |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value |
Balance at December 31, 2015 |  |  | 279,217 |  |  | $ | 25.65 |  |  |  | 231,165 |  |  | $ | 26.15 |  |  |  | 16,447 |  |  | $ | 25.69 |
Granted |  |  | 75,250 |  |  | $ | 27.13 |  |  |  | 104,084 |  |  | $ | 26.88 |  |  |  | 5,500 |  |  | $ | 26.98 |
Vested |  |  | (73,280 | ) |  | $ | 26.77 |  |  |  | (73,188 | ) |  | $ | 27.35 |  |  |  | (5,965 | ) |  | $ | 27.18 |
Forfeited |  |  | (12,747 | ) |  | $ | 24.85 |  |  |  | (6,556 | ) |  | $ | 25.84 |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Balance at September 30, 2016 |  |  | 268,440 |  |  | $ | 25.80 |  |  |  | 255,505 |  |  | $ | 26.11 |  |  |  | 15,982 |  |  | $ | 25.58 |

7

Restricted Stock

As of September 30, 2016, the unamortized cost of all outstanding restricted stock awards was $2.9 million, which Viad expects to recognize in the consolidated financial statements over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.4 years. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company repurchased 24,432 shares for $0.7 million and 34,364 shares for $0.9 million, respectively, related to tax withholding requirements on vested share-based awards. As of September 30, 2016, there were 863,127 total shares available for future grant in accordance with the provisions of the 2007 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2007 Plan”).

PUP Awards

In February 2016, the PUP Plan was amended to provide that PUP awards earned under the 2007 Plan may be payable in the form of cash or in shares of Viad common stock (or a combination of both). Previously, payouts could only be made in cash. The vesting of shares is based upon achievement of certain performance-based criteria. The performance period of the shares is for a three-year period.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, Viad granted $2.7 million of PUP awards of which $0.9 million are payable in shares. As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, Viad had recorded liabilities of $4.9 million and $2.4 million, respectively, related to PUP awards. In March 2016, the PUP awards granted in 2013 vested and cash payouts of $0.2 million were distributed. In March 2015, the PUP awards granted in 2012 vested and cash payouts of $2.4 million were distributed.

Restricted Stock Units

As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, Viad had aggregate liabilities recorded of $0.3 million for both periods related to restricted stock units. In February 2016, portions of the 2011, 2012, and 2013 restricted stock units vested and cash payouts of $0.2 million were distributed. Similarly, in February 2015, portions of the 2010, 2011, and 2012 restricted stock units vested and cash payouts of $0.3 million were distributed.

Stock Options

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, there was no stock option activity. As of both September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 there were 63,773 stock options outstanding and exercisable with a weighted-average exercise price of $16.62. As of September 30, 2016, there were no unrecognized costs related to non-vested stock option awards.

Note 3. Acquisition of Businesses

Maligne Lake Tours

On January 4, 2016, the Company acquired the assets and operations of Maligne Tours Ltd. (“Maligne Lake Tours”), which provides interpretive boat tours and related services at Maligne Lake, the largest lake in Jasper National Park. The purchase price was $20.9 million Canadian dollars (approximately $15.0 million U.S. dollars) in cash, subject to certain adjustments.

The following table summarizes the allocation of the aggregate purchase price paid and the amounts of assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on the estimated fair value as of the acquisition date. The purchase price allocation remains open and may be adjusted as a result of the finalization of the Company’s purchase price allocation procedures related to the assessment of accrued liabilities, property and equipment, and intangible assets.

(in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchase price paid as: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 14,962 |
Fair value of net assets acquired: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Inventories |  | $ | 246 |  |  |  |  |
Prepaid expenses |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  |
Property and equipment |  |  | 4,133 |  |  |  |  |
Intangible assets |  |  | 9,244 |  |  |  |  |
Total assets acquired |  |  | 13,625 |  |  |  |  |
Customer deposits |  |  | 15 |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities assumed |  |  | 15 |  |  |  |  |
Total fair value of net assets acquired |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13,610 |
Excess purchase price over fair value of net assets acquired (“goodwill”) |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,352 |

8

Under the acquisition method of accounting, the purchase price as shown in the table above is allocated to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. The excess purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired was recorded as goodwill. Goodwill is in cluded in the Travel & Recreation Group and the primary factor that contributed to the purchase price resulting in the recognition of goodwill relates to future growth opportunities when combined with the Company’s other businesses. Goodwill is expected to be deductible for tax purposes pursuant to Canadian tax regulations. The estimated values of current assets and liabilities were based upon their historical costs on the date of acquisition due to their short-term nature. Transaction costs associated with the acquisition of Maligne Lake Tours were $0.1 million in 2016 and $0.2 million in 2015, and are included in corporate activities in Viad’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Identified intangible assets acquired in the Maligne Lake Tours acquisition totaled $9.2 million and consist of operating licenses, customer relationships, and trade name. The weighted-average amortization period related to the intangible assets is 26.7 years, largely attributable to operating licenses amortized over the remaining Parks Canada lease of 29 years.

The results of operations of Maligne Lake Tours have been included in Viad’s condensed consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. During the three months ended September 30, 2016, revenue and operating income related to Maligne Lake Tours were $4.7 million and $2.4 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, revenue and operating income related to Maligne Lake Tours were $6.3 million and $2.3 million, respectively.

CATC

On March 11, 2016, the Company acquired 100 percent of the equity interest in CATC, the operator of an Alaskan tourism business that includes a marine sightseeing tour business, three lodges, and a package tour business. The purchase price was $45.0 million in cash, subject to certain adjustments.

The following table summarizes the updated allocation of the aggregate purchase price paid and the amounts of assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on the estimated fair value as of the acquisition date. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company made certain purchase accounting measurement period adjustments based on refinements to assumptions used in the preliminary valuation of approximately $89,000 from working capital receivable, $0.1 million to accounts payable, and $16,000 from accrued liabilities. All other balances in the following table remain unchanged. The purchase price allocation remains open and may be adjusted as a result of the finalization of the Company’s purchase price allocation procedures related to the assessment of property and equipment, and intangible assets.

(in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchase price paid as: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 45,000 |
Working capital |  |  |  |  |  |  | (35 | )
Cash acquired |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,196 | )
Purchase price, net of cash acquired |  |  |  |  |  |  | 42,769 |
Fair value of net assets acquired: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  | $ | 8 |  |  |  |  |
Inventories |  |  | 921 |  |  |  |  |
Prepaid expenses |  |  | 82 |  |  |  |  |
Property and equipment |  |  | 43,470 |  |  |  |  |
Intangible assets |  |  | 980 |  |  |  |  |
Total assets acquired |  |  | 45,461 |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  |  | 306 |  |  |  |  |
Accrued liabilities |  |  | 434 |  |  |  |  |
Customer deposits |  |  | 1,952 |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities assumed |  |  | 2,692 |  |  |  |  |
Total fair value of net assets acquired |  |  |  |  |  |  | 42,769 |
Excess purchase price over fair value of net assets acquired (“goodwill”) |  |  |  |  |  | $ | — |

Under the acquisition method of accounting, the purchase price as shown in the table above is allocated to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. The estimated values of current assets and liabilities were based upon their historical costs on the date of acquisition due to their short-term nature. Transaction costs associated with the acquisition of CATC were $0.1 million in 2016 and $0.6 million in 2015 and are included in corporate activities in Viad’s condensed consolidated statements of operations.

9

Identified intangible assets acquired in the CATC acquisition totaled $1.0 million and consist of customer relationships and trade names. The weighted-average amortization period related to the intangible assets is 5.8 years.

The results of operations of CATC have been included in Viad’s condensed consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. During the three months ended September 30, 2016, revenue and operating income related to CATC were $18.7 million and $8.0 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, revenue and operating income related to CATC were $28.1 million and $8.9 million, respectively.

ON Services

On August 11, 2016, the Company acquired the assets and operations of ON Event Services, LLC (“ON Services”), a leading provider of audio-visual production services for live events in the United States. The aggregate purchase price was up to $92.5 million in cash, subject to certain adjustments, which includes an earnout payment (the “Earnout”) of up to $5.5 million. The fair value of the Earnout was valued on the date of acquisition and will be remeasured quarterly based on a probability weighted assessment that the financial performance targets of ON Services may be achieved for 2016. As of the transaction date, the fair value of the Earnout was estimated to be $540,000. Refer to Note 12 – Fair Value Measurements for the estimated fair value of the Earnout as of September 30, 2016.

The following table summarizes the preliminary recording of the fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the acquisition date. Due to the recent timing of the acquisition, the purchase price allocation is not yet finalized and is subject to change within the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date) as the assessment of contingent consideration, property and equipment, intangible assets, and working capital is finalized.

(in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchase price paid as: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 87,000 |
Working capital adjustment |  |  |  |  |  |  | 972 |
Contingent consideration |  |  |  |  |  |  | 540 |
Purchase price |  |  |  |  |  |  | 88,512 |
Fair value of net assets acquired: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable |  | $ | 4,813 |  |  |  |  |
Inventories |  |  | 270 |  |  |  |  |
Prepaid expenses |  |  | 974 |  |  |  |  |
Property and equipment |  |  | 14,827 |  |  |  |  |
Intangible assets |  |  | 33,340 |  |  |  |  |
Total assets acquired |  |  | 54,224 |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  |  | 879 |  |  |  |  |
Accrued liabilities |  |  | 472 |  |  |  |  |
Customer deposits |  |  | 851 |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities |  |  | 274 |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities assumed |  |  | 2,476 |  |  |  |  |
Total fair value of net assets acquired |  |  |  |  |  |  | 51,748 |
Excess purchase price over fair value of net assets acquired (“goodwill”) |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 36,764 |

10

Under the acquisition method of accounting, the purchase price as shown in the table above is allocated to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated fair values. The excess purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired was recorded as goodwill. Goodwill is included in the Marketing & Events Group and the primary factor that contributed to the purchase price resulting in the recognition of goodwill primarily relates to future growth opportunities when combined with the Company’s other businesses. Goodwill is expected to be deductible for tax purposes over 15 years. The estimated values of current assets and liabilities were based upon their historical costs on the date of acquisition due to their short-term nature. Transaction costs associated with the acquisition of ON Services were $0.8 million in 2016 and were included in corporate activities in Viad’s condensed consolidated statement of o perations.

Identified intangible assets acquired in the ON Services acquisition totaled $33.3 million and consist of customer relationships, trade names, and non-compete agreements. The weighted-average amortization period related to the intangible assets is 10.4 years.

The results of operations of ON Services have been included in Viad’s condensed consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. During the three months ended September 30, 2016, revenue and operating income related to ON Services were $7.8 million and $0.5 million, respectively.

Supplementary pro forma financial information

The following table summarizes the unaudited pro forma results of operations attributable to Viad, assuming the above acquisitions had each been completed on January 1, 2015:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
(in thousands, except per share data) |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Revenue |  | $ | 387,751 |  |  | $ | 290,205 |  |  | $ | 985,482 |  |  | $ | 911,762 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | $ | 13,885 |  |  | $ | 14,001 |  |  | $ | 37,776 |  |  | $ | 38,591 |
Income from continuing operations |  | $ | 34,794 |  |  | $ | 12,852 |  |  | $ | 47,148 |  |  | $ | 31,589 |
Net income attributable to Viad |  | $ | 33,581 |  |  | $ | 12,001 |  |  | $ | 45,612 |  |  | $ | 30,841 |
Diluted income per share (1) |  | $ | 1.65 |  |  | $ | 0.60 |  |  | $ | 2.25 |  |  | $ | 1.54 |
Basic income per share |  | $ | 1.65 |  |  | $ | 0.60 |  |  | $ | 2.25 |  |  | $ | 1.54 |

(1) Diluted income per share amount cannot exceed basic income per share.

Note 4. Inventories

The components of inventories consisted of the following:

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
(in thousands) |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Raw materials |  | $ | 17,266 |  |  | $ | 14,383 |
Work in process |  |  | 24,005 |  |  |  | 13,146 |
Inventories |  | $ | 41,271 |  |  | $ | 27,529 |

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Note 5. Other Current Assets

Other current assets consisted of the following:

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
(in thousands) |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Prepaid vendor payments |  | $ | 7,091 |  |  | $ | 2,140 |
Prepaid insurance |  |  | 3,142 |  |  |  | 2,024 |
Prepaid software maintenance |  |  | 2,884 |  |  |  | 2,026 |
Prepaid rent |  |  | 1,612 |  |  |  | 1,406 |
Income tax receivable |  |  | 1,390 |  |  |  | 4,643 |
Prepaid taxes |  |  | 892 |  |  |  | 1,261 |
Prepaid other |  |  | 2,242 |  |  |  | 2,777 |
Other |  |  | 2,096 |  |  |  | 1,034 |
Other current assets |  | $ | 21,349 |  |  | $ | 17,311 |

Note 6. Property and Equipment

Property and equipment consisted of the following:

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
(in thousands) |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Land and land interests |  | $ | 31,857 |  |  | $ | 29,032 |
Buildings and leasehold improvements |  |  | 184,977 |  |  |  | 135,381 |
Equipment and other |  |  | 323,439 |  |  |  | 270,957 |
Gross property and equipment |  |  | 540,273 |  |  |  | 435,370 |
Accumulated depreciation |  |  | (272,896 | ) |  |  | (246,131 | )
Property and equipment, net |  | $ | 267,377 |  |  | $ | 189,239 |

Depreciation expense was $10.0 million and $7.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $25.1 million and $21.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Note 7. Other Investments and Assets

Other investments and assets consisted of the following:

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
(in thousands) |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 (1) |
Cash surrender value of life insurance |  | $ | 22,242 |  |  | $ | 21,970 |
Self-insured liability receivable |  |  | 5,979 |  |  |  | 5,979 |
Workers’ compensation insurance security deposits |  |  | 4,050 |  |  |  | 4,250 |
Other mutual funds |  |  | 2,052 |  |  |  | 2,192 |
Other |  |  | 3,320 |  |  |  | 3,240 |
Other investments and assets |  | $ | 37,643 |  |  | $ | 37,631 |

(1) | In accordance with ASU 2015-03, unamortized debt issuance costs are reflected as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt. The Company adopted the new guidance retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the condensed consolidated financial statements. As a result, $1.6 million of unamortized debt issuance costs were reclassified from other investments and assets to a reduction of long-term debt on the December 31, 2015 condensed consolidated balance sheet.

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Note 8. Goodwill and Ot her Intangible Assets

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill were as follows:

(in thousands) |  | Marketing & Events U.S. Segment |  |  | Marketing & Events International Segment |  |  | Travel & Recreation Group |  |  | Total |
Balance at December 31, 2015 |  | $ | 112,300 |  |  | $ | 38,635 |  |  | $ | 34,288 |  |  | $ | 185,223 |
Business acquisitions |  |  | 36,764 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,352 |  |  |  | 38,116 |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,529 | ) |  |  | 2,086 |  |  |  | (443 | )
Balance at September 30, 2016 |  | $ | 149,064 |  |  | $ | 36,106 |  |  | $ | 37,726 |  |  | $ | 222,896 |

Other intangible assets consisted of the following:

|  | September 30, 2016 |  |  | December 31, 2015 |
(in thousands) |  | Gross Carrying Value |  |  | Accumulated Amortization |  |  | Net Carrying Value |  |  | Gross Carrying Value |  |  | Accumulated Amortization |  |  | Net Carrying Value |
Amortized intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer contracts and relationships |  | $ | 65,923 |  |  | $ | (12,222 | ) |  | $ | 53,701 |  |  | $ | 38,342 |  |  | $ | (7,814 | ) |  | $ | 30,528 |
Operating contracts and licenses |  |  | 9,535 |  |  |  | (648 | ) |  |  | 8,887 |  |  |  | 665 |  |  |  | (272 | ) |  |  | 393 |
Other |  |  | 10,310 |  |  |  | (2,756 | ) |  |  | 7,554 |  |  |  | 3,736 |  |  |  | (1,795 | ) |  |  | 1,941 |
Total amortized intangible assets |  |  | 85,768 |  |  |  | (15,626 | ) |  |  | 70,142 |  |  |  | 42,743 |  |  |  | (9,881 | ) |  |  | 32,862 |
Unamortized intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Business licenses |  |  | 460 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 460 |  |  |  | 460 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 460 |
Other intangible assets |  | $ | 86,228 |  |  | $ | (15,626 | ) |  | $ | 70,602 |  |  | $ | 43,203 |  |  | $ | (9,881 | ) |  | $ | 33,322 |

Intangible asset amortization expense was $2.7 million and $1.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, and $6.1 million and $5.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The weighted-average amortization period of customer contracts and relationships, operating contracts and licenses, and other amortizable intangible assets is approximately 9.6 years, 27.3 years, and 3.6 years, respectively. The estimated future amortization expense related to amortized intangible assets held at September 30, 2016 is as follows:

(in thousands) |  |  |  |
Year ending December 31, |  |  |  |
Remainder of 2016 |  | $ | 2,937 |
2017 |  |  | 11,511 |
2018 |  |  | 10,218 |
2019 |  |  | 9,033 |
2020 |  |  | 7,561 |
Thereafter |  |  | 28,882 |
Total |  | $ | 70,142 |

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Note 9. Other Current Liabilities

Other current liabilities consisted of the following:

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
(in thousands) |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Continuing operations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accrued income tax payable |  | $ | 7,117 |  |  | $ | 986 |
Self-insured liability accrual |  |  | 6,442 |  |  |  | 6,891 |
Accrued sales and use taxes |  |  | 5,557 |  |  |  | 4,772 |
Accrued employee benefit costs |  |  | 5,040 |  |  |  | 3,892 |
Accrued dividends |  |  | 2,116 |  |  |  | 2,103 |
Current portion of pension liability |  |  | 1,767 |  |  |  | 1,768 |
Accrued restructuring |  |  | 1,744 |  |  |  | 1,757 |
Accrued rebates |  |  | 1,507 |  |  |  | 752 |
Deferred rent |  |  | 1,314 |  |  |  | 548 |
Accrued professional fees |  |  | 846 |  |  |  | 751 |
Other taxes |  |  | 4,887 |  |  |  | 1,465 |
Other |  |  | 1,678 |  |  |  | 2,537 |
Total continuing operations |  |  | 40,015 |  |  |  | 28,222 |
Discontinued operations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Environmental remediation liabilities |  |  | 434 |  |  |  | 295 |
Self-insured liability accrual |  |  | 158 |  |  |  | 200 |
Other |  |  | 1,445 |  |  |  | 521 |
Total discontinued operations |  |  | 2,037 |  |  |  | 1,016 |
Total other current liabilities |  | $ | 42,052 |  |  | $ | 29,238 |

Note 10. Other Deferred Items and Liabilities

Other deferred items and liabilities consisted of the following:

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
(in thousands) |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Continuing operations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Self-insured liability |  | $ | 13,483 |  |  | $ | 13,662 |
Accrued compensation |  |  | 6,555 |  |  |  | 7,612 |
Self-insured excess liability |  |  | 5,979 |  |  |  | 5,979 |
Deferred rent |  |  | 5,639 |  |  |  | 5,607 |
Accrued restructuring |  |  | 1,847 |  |  |  | 519 |
Foreign deferred tax liability |  |  | 1,065 |  |  |  | 2,384 |
Other |  |  | 2,563 |  |  |  | 1,262 |
Total continuing operations |  |  | 37,131 |  |  |  | 37,025 |
Discontinued operations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Self-insured liability |  |  | 3,814 |  |  |  | 3,986 |
Environmental remediation liabilities |  |  | 3,424 |  |  |  | 4,177 |
Accrued income taxes |  |  | 1,177 |  |  |  | 1,151 |
Other |  |  | 273 |  |  |  | 997 |
Total discontinued operations |  |  | 8,688 |  |  |  | 10,311 |
Total other deferred items and liabilities |  | $ | 45,819 |  |  | $ | 47,336 |

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Note 11. Debt and Capital Lease Obligations

The components of long-term debt and capital lease obligations consisted of the following:

|  | September 30, |  |  | December 31, |
(in thousands, except interest rates) |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Revolving credit facility and term loan 2.6% and 2.4% weighted-average interest rate at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, due through 2019 (1) |  | $ | 194,438 |  |  | $ | 127,500 |
Less unamortized debt issuance costs (2) |  |  | (1,552 | ) |  |  | (1,572 | )
Total debt |  |  | 192,886 |  |  |  | 125,928 |
Capital lease obligations, 6.2% and 6.1% weighted-average interest rate at September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively, due through 2018 |  |  | 1,589 |  |  |  | 1,475 |
Total debt and capital lease obligations |  |  | 194,475 |  |  |  | 127,403 |
Current portion (3) |  |  | (115,623 | ) |  |  | (34,554 | )
Long-term debt and capital lease obligations |  | $ | 78,852 |  |  | $ | 92,849 |

(1) | Represents the weighted-average interest rate in effect at the respective periods for the revolving credit facility and term loan borrowings, including any applicable margin. The interest rates do not include amortization of debt issuance costs or commitment fees.

(2) | In accordance with ASU 2015-03, unamortized debt issuance costs are reflected as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the related debt. The Company applied the new guidance retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the condensed consolidated financial statements. As a result, $1.6 million of unamortized debt issuance costs were reclassified from other investments and assets to a reduction in long-term debt on the December 31, 2015 condensed consolidated balance sheet.

(3) | Borrowings under the revolving credit facility are classified as current because all borrowed amounts are due within one year.

Effective December 22, 2014, Viad entered into a $300 million Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”). The Credit Agreement provides for a senior credit facility in the aggregate amount of $300 million, which consists of a $175 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility”) and a $125 million term loan (the “Term Loan”). Loans under the Credit Agreement have a maturity date of December 22, 2019. Proceeds from the loans made under the Credit Agreement were used to refinance certain outstanding debt of the Company and will be used for the Company’s general corporate purposes in the ordinary course of its business. Under the Credit Agreement, the Revolving Credit Facility and/or the Term Loan may be increased up to an additional $100 million under certain circumstances. If such circumstances are met, the Company may obtain the additional borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility, the Term Loan, or a combination of the two. The Revolving Credit Facility has a $40 million sublimit for letters of credit. Borrowings and letters of credit can be denominated in U.S. dollars, Euros, Canadian dollars, or British pounds. Viad’s lenders under the Credit Agreement have a first perfected security interest in all of the personal property of Viad, GES, GES Event Intelligence Services, Inc., and CATC, including 65 percent of the capital stock of top-tier foreign subsidiaries. ON Services will also provide Viad’s lenders with a first perfected security interest in all of ON Services’ personal property upon the execution of a subsidiary security agreement by the lenders and ON Services.

Effective February 24, 2016, Viad executed an amendment (the “Credit Agreement Amendment”) to the Credit Agreement. The Credit Agreement Amendment modified the terms of the financial covenants and the negative covenants related to acquisitions, restricted payments, and indebtedness. The overall maximum leverage ratio and minimum fixed charge coverage ratio are 3.50 to 1.00 and 1.75 to 1.00, respectively, and will remain at those levels for the entire remaining term of the Credit Agreement. Acquisitions in substantially the same or related lines of business are permitted under the Credit Agreement Amendment, as long as the pro forma leverage ratio is less than or equal to 3.00 to 1.00. Viad can make dividends, distributions, and repurchases of its common stock up to $20 million per calendar year. Stock dividends, distributions, and repurchases above the $20 million limit are not subject to a liquidity covenant, and are permitted as long as the Company’s pro forma leverage ratio is less than or equal to 2.50 to 1.00 and no default or unmatured default, as defined in the Credit Agreement, exists. Unsecured debt is allowed as long as the Company’s pro forma leverage ratio is less than or equal to 3.00 to 1.00. Significant other covenants under the Credit Agreement that remain unchanged by the Credit Agreement Amendment include limitations on investments, sales/leases of assets, consolidations or mergers, and liens on property. As of September 30, 2016, the fixed charge coverage ratio was 2.81 to 1.00, the leverage ratio was 1.61 to 1.00, and Viad was in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Agreement.

As of September 30, 2016, Viad’s total debt and capital lease obligations were $194.5 million, consisting of outstanding borrowings under the Term Loan of $98.4 million and under the Revolving Credit Facility of $96.0 million, and capital lease obligations of $1.6 million, offset in part by unamortized debt issuance costs of $1.6 million. As of September 30, 2016, Viad had $77.7 million of capacity remaining under its Credit Facility, reflecting borrowings of $96.0 million under the Revolving Credit Facility and $1.3 million in outstanding letters of credit.

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Borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility (of which GES, GES Event Intelligence Services, Inc., and CATC are guarantors) are indexed to the prime rate or the London Interbank Offered Rate, plus appropriate spreads tied to Viad’s leverage ratio. Commitment fees and letters of credit fees are also tied to Viad’s leverage ratio. The fees on the unused portion of the Credit Fac ility are currently 0.35 percent annually. ON Services will become a guarantor for Viad’s borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility upon the execution of a guaranty agreement by the lenders and ON Services.

As of September 30, 2016, Viad had certain obligations under guarantees to third parties on behalf of its subsidiaries. These guarantees are not subject to liability recognition in the condensed consolidated financial statements and relate to leased facilities entered into by Viad’s subsidiary operations. The Company would generally be required to make payments to the respective third parties under these guarantees in the event that the related subsidiary could not meet its own payment obligations. The maximum potential amount of future payments that Viad would be required to make under all guarantees existing as of September 30, 2016 would be $9.9 million. These guarantees relate to facilities leased by the Company through September 2021. There are no recourse provisions that would enable Viad to recover from third parties any payments made under the guarantees. Furthermore, there are no collateral or similar arrangements whereby Viad could recover payments.

The estimated fair value of total debt was $186.0 million and $113.9 million as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. The fair value of debt was estimated by discounting the future cash flows using rates currently available for debt of similar terms and maturity.

Note 12. Fair Value Measurements

The fair value of an asset or liability is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The fair value guidance requires an entity to maximize the use of quoted prices and other observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value, and also establishes a fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value as follows:

Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Observable inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs to the valuation methodology that are significant to the measurement of fair value.

Viad measures its money market mutual funds and certain other mutual fund investments at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 1 inputs and measures the earnout contingent consideration liability at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 inputs. The fair value information related to these assets and liability is summarized in the following tables:

|  |  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using |
(in thousands) |  | September 30, 2016 |  |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) |  |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  |  | Significant Unobserved Inputs (Level 3) |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds |  | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Other mutual funds |  |  | 2,052 |  |  |  | 2,052 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total assets at fair value on a recurring basis |  | $ | 2,170 |  |  | $ | 2,170 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Earnout contingent consideration liability |  | $ | (130 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (130 | )
Total liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis |  | $ | (130 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (130 | )

|  |  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using |
(in thousands) |  | December 31, 2015 |  |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) |  |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  |  | Significant Unobserved Inputs (Level 3) |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds |  | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Other mutual funds |  |  | 2,192 |  |  |  | 2,192 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total assets at fair value on a recurring basis |  | $ | 2,310 |  |  | $ | 2,310 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

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As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, Viad had investments in money market mutual funds of $0.1 million for both periods, which are included in the conde nsed consolidated balance sheets under the caption “Cash and cash equivalents.” These investments are classified as available-for-sale and were recorded at fair value. There have been no realized gains or losses related to these investments and the Company has not experienced any redemption restrictions with respect to any of the money market mutual funds.

As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, Viad had investments in other mutual funds of $2.1 million and $2.2 million, respectively, which are included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets under the caption “Other investments and assets.” These investments are classified as available-for-sale and were recorded at fair value. As of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, there were unrealized gains of $0.7 million ($0.4 million after-tax) and $0.6 million ($0.3 million after tax), respectively, which were included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets under the caption “Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)” (“AOCI”).

The fair value measurement of the Earnout contingent consideration obligation relates to the acquisition of ON Services in August 2016, which is included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets under the caption “Other current liabilities.” The fair value measurement is based upon significant inputs not observable in the market. Changes in the value of the obligation are recorded as income or expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. The amount of the Earnout is based on a probability weighted assessment of the 2016 financial performance of ON Services as of September 30, 2016.

The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, and accounts payable approximate fair value due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. Refer to Note 11 - Debt and Capital Lease Obligations for the estimated fair value of debt obligations.

Note 13. Stockholders’ Equity

The following represents a reconciliation of the carrying amounts of stockholders’ equity attributable to Viad and the noncontrolling interest for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015:

(in thousands) |  | Total Viad Stockholders’ Equity |  |  | Noncontrolling Interest |  |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity |
Balance at December 31, 2015 |  | $ | 322,581 |  |  | $ | 12,757 |  |  | $ | 335,338 |
Net income |  |  | 46,318 |  |  |  | 765 |  |  |  | 47,083 |
Dividends on common stock ($0.30 per share) |  |  | (6,079 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (6,079 | )
Common stock purchased for treasury |  |  | (679 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (679 | )
Employee benefit plans |  |  | 4,693 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,693 |
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  | 723 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 723 |
Tax benefits from share-based compensation |  |  | 60 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 60 |
Other changes to AOCI |  |  | 162 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 162 |
Other |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 28 |
Balance at September 30, 2016 |  | $ | 367,807 |  |  | $ | 13,522 |  |  | $ | 381,329 |

(in thousands) |  | Total Viad Stockholders’ Equity |  |  | Noncontrolling Interest |  |  | Total Stockholders’ Equity |
Balance at December 31, 2014 |  | $ | 335,387 |  |  | $ | 12,315 |  |  | $ | 347,702 |
Net income |  |  | 27,563 |  |  |  | 515 |  |  |  | 28,078 |
Dividends on common stock ($0.30 per share) |  |  | (6,020 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (6,020 | )
Common stock purchased for treasury |  |  | (4,776 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4,776 | )
Employee benefit plans |  |  | 5,243 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,243 |
Unrealized foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  | (23,117 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (23,117 | )
Tax benefits from share-based compensation |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13 |
Other changes to AOCI |  |  | 209 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 209 |
Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (1 | )
Balance at September 30, 2015 |  | $ | 334,502 |  |  | $ | 12,829 |  |  | $ | 347,331 |

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Changes in AOCI by component are as follows:

(in thousands) |  | Unrealized Gains on Investments |  |  | Cumulative Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments |  |  | Unrecognized Net Actuarial Loss and Prior Service Credit, Net |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
Balance at December 31, 2015 |  | $ | 346 |  |  | $ | (23,257 | ) |  | $ | (11,265 | ) |  | $ | (34,176 | )
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications |  |  | 104 |  |  |  | 723 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 827 |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI, net of tax |  |  | (42 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 100 |  |  |  | 58 |
Net other comprehensive income |  |  | 62 |  |  |  | 723 |  |  |  | 100 |  |  |  | 885 |
Balance at September 30, 2016 |  | $ | 408 |  |  | $ | (22,534 | ) |  | $ | (11,165 | ) |  | $ | (33,291 | )

The following table presents information about reclassification adjustments out of AOCI:

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Affected Line Item in the Statement Where Net Income is Presented
(in thousands) |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  |
Unrealized gains on investments |  | $ | (67 | ) |  | $ | (79 | ) |  | Interest income
Tax effect |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 30 |  |  | Income taxes
|  | $ | (42 | ) |  | $ | (49 | ) |  |
Recognized net actuarial loss(1) |  | $ | 538 |  |  | $ | 569 |  |  |
Amortization of prior service credit(1) |  |  | (377 | ) |  |  | (414 | ) |  |
Tax effect |  |  | (61 | ) |  |  | (133 | ) |  | Income taxes
|  | $ | 100 |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  |

(1) | Amount included in pension expense. Refer to Note 16 - Pension and Postretirement Benefits.

Note 14. Income Per Share

The components of basic and diluted income per share are as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
(in thousands, except per share data) |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Net income attributable to Viad (diluted) |  | $ | 33,792 |  |  | $ | 7,230 |  |  | $ | 46,318 |  |  | $ | 27,563 |
Less: Allocation to non-vested shares |  |  | (454 | ) |  |  | (100 | ) |  |  | (629 | ) |  |  | (402 | )
Net income allocated to Viad common stockholders (basic) |  | $ | 33,338 |  |  | $ | 7,130 |  |  | $ | 45,689 |  |  | $ | 27,161 |
Basic weighted-average outstanding common shares |  |  | 20,017 |  |  |  | 19,831 |  |  |  | 19,972 |  |  |  | 19,782 |
Additional dilutive shares related to share-based compensation |  |  | 190 |  |  |  | 143 |  |  |  | 178 |  |  |  | 164 |
Diluted weighted-average outstanding shares |  |  | 20,207 |  |  |  | 19,974 |  |  |  | 20,150 |  |  |  | 19,946 |
Income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic income attributable to Viad common stockholders |  | $ | 1.67 |  |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | 2.29 |  |  | $ | 1.37 |
Diluted income attributable to Viad common stockholders(1) |  | $ | 1.67 |  |  | $ | 0.36 |  |  | $ | 2.29 |  |  | $ | 1.37 |

(1) | Diluted income per share amount cannot exceed basic income per share.

Options to purchase 4,897 shares of common stock were outstanding during the nine months ended September 30, 2015, but were not included in the computation of dilutive shares outstanding because the effect would be anti-dilutive.

Note 15. Income Taxes

The effective tax rates for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 were 33.8 percent and 31.7 percent, respectively. The effective tax rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 were 33.1 percent and 27.7 percent, respectively.

The income tax provision was computed based on the Company’s estimated effective tax rate and forecasted income by jurisdiction expected for the full year, including the impact of any unusual, infrequent, or non-recurring items. The effective tax rate

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for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 was less than the federal statutory rate of 35.0 percent primarily due to foreign income taxed at lower rates. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2015 was less than the federal statutory rate primarily due to foreign income taxed at lower rates and the recording of a non-cash tax benefit relating to certain foreign intangible defe rred tax assets that was recorded during the period.

The Company uses significant judgment in forming conclusions regarding the recoverability of its deferred tax assets and evaluates all available positive and negative evidence to determine if it is more-likely-than-not that the deferred tax assets will be realized. To the extent recovery does not appear likely, a valuation allowance must be recorded. These deferred tax assets reflect the expected future tax benefits to be realized upon reversal of deductible temporary differences, and the utilization of net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards.

The Company also evaluates its ability to utilize its foreign tax credits, given its recent utilization history and projected future domestic income. As of December 31, 2015, $9.2 million of the $19.5 million in tax credit carryforwards were related to foreign tax credits, which are subject to a 10-year carryforward period and begin to expire in 2020.

While management believes that the deferred tax assets, net of existing valuation allowances, will be utilized in future periods, there are inherent uncertainties regarding the ultimate realization of these assets. It is possible that the relative weight of positive and negative evidence regarding the realization of deferred tax assets may change, which could result in a material increase or decrease in the company’s valuation allowance. Such a change could result in a material increase or decrease to income tax expense in the period the assessment was made.

Viad exercises judgment in determining its income tax provision when the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. Viad classifies liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions as non-current liabilities in its consolidated balance sheets unless they are expected to be paid within the next year.

Viad had liabilities associated with uncertain tax positions (including interest and penalties) for continuing operations of $1.6 million and $0.3 million for September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. In addition, Viad had liabilities for uncertain tax positions (including interest and penalties) for discontinued operations of $1.2 million and $1.1 million for September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. The total liability associated with uncertain tax positions was $2.8 million and $1.4 million as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. Future tax resolutions or settlements that may occur related to these uncertain tax positions would be recorded through either continuing or discontinued operations (net of tax, if applicable). The Company expects to release positions, including interest and penalties, of $0.1 million of continuing operations and $1.2 million of discontinued operations within the next twelve months due to statute expiration.

Note 16. Pension and Postretirement Benefits

The net periodic benefit cost of Viad’s pension and postretirement plans for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 included the following components:

|  | Domestic Plans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Pension Plans |  |  | Postretirement Benefit Plans |  |  | Foreign Pension Plans |
(in thousands) |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Service cost |  | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 123 |  |  | $ | 123 |
Interest cost |  |  | 257 |  |  |  | 237 |  |  |  | 126 |  |  |  | 148 |  |  |  | 124 |  |  |  | 124 |
Expected return on plan assets |  |  | (62 | ) |  |  | (93 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (142 | ) |  |  | (143 | )
Amortization of prior service credit |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (125 | ) |  |  | (138 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Recognized net actuarial loss |  |  | 105 |  |  |  | 100 |  |  |  | 46 |  |  |  | 123 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 2 |
Net periodic benefit cost |  | $ | 354 |  |  | $ | 269 |  |  | $ | 52 |  |  | $ | 160 |  |  | $ | 106 |  |  | $ | 106 |

The net periodic benefit cost of Viad’s pension and postretirement plans for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 included the following components:

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|  | Domestic Plans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Pension Plans |  |  | Postretirement Benefit Plans |  |  | Foreign Pension Plans |
(in thousands) |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Service cost |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | 76 |  |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | 114 |  |  | $ | 368 |  |  | $ | 382 |
Interest cost |  |  | 774 |  |  |  | 763 |  |  |  | 429 |  |  |  | 464 |  |  |  | 368 |  |  |  | 384 |
Expected return on plan assets |  |  | (192 | ) |  |  | (285 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (421 | ) |  |  | (443 | )
Amortization of prior service credit |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (377 | ) |  |  | (414 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Recognized net actuarial loss |  |  | 318 |  |  |  | 368 |  |  |  | 221 |  |  |  | 396 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 5 |
Net periodic benefit cost |  | $ | 974 |  |  | $ | 922 |  |  | $ | 347 |  |  | $ | 560 |  |  | $ | 317 |  |  | $ | 328 |

Viad expects to contribute $0.9 million to its funded pension plans, $0.8 million to its unfunded pension plans, and $1.1 million to its postretirement benefit plans in 2016. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, Viad contributed $0.8 million to its funded pension plans, $0.5 million to its unfunded pension plans, and $0.6 million to its postretirement benefit plans.

Note 17. Restructuring Charges

The Company has taken certain restructuring actions designed to reduce the Company’s cost structure primarily within the Marketing & Events U.S. Segment, and the Marketing & Events International Segment, as well as the elimination of certain positions at the corporate office. As a result, the Company recorded restructuring charges consisting primarily of severance and related benefits and costs associated with facility consolidations.

Changes to the restructuring liability by major restructuring activity are as follows:

|  | Marketing & Events Group Consolidation |  |  | Other Restructurings |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) |  | Severance & Employee Benefits |  |  | Facilities |  |  | Severance & Employee Benefits |  |  | Total |
Balance at December 31, 2015 |  | $ | 751 |  |  | $ | 1,291 |  |  | $ | 234 |  |  | $ | 2,276 |
Restructuring charges |  |  | 3,448 |  |  |  | (283 | ) |  |  | 499 |  |  |  | 3,664 |
Cash payments |  |  | (1,922 | ) |  |  | (246 | ) |  |  | (350 | ) |  |  | (2,518 | )
Adjustment to liability |  |  | — |  |  |  | 193 |  |  |  | (24 | ) |  |  | 169 |
Balance at September 30, 2016 |  | $ | 2,277 |  |  | $ | 955 |  |  | $ | 359 |  |  | $ | 3,591 |

As of September 30, 2016, the liabilities related to severance and employee benefits are expected to be paid by the end of 2018. Additionally, the liability related to future lease payments will be paid over the remaining lease terms for the Marketing & Events Group. Refer to Note 19 - Segment Information, for information regarding restructuring charges by segment.

Note 18. Litigation, Claims, Contingencies, and Other

Viad and certain of its subsidiaries are plaintiffs or defendants to various actions, proceedings, and pending claims, some of which involve, or may involve, compensatory, punitive, or other damages. Litigation is subject to many uncertainties and it is possible that some of the legal actions, proceedings, or claims could be decided against Viad. Although the amount of liability as of September 30, 2016 with respect to these matters is not ascertainable, Viad believes that any resulting liability, after taking into consideration amounts already provided for and insurance coverage, will not have a material effect on Viad’s business, financial position, or results of operations.

Viad is subject to various U.S. federal, state, and foreign laws and regulations governing the prevention of pollution and the protection of the environment in the jurisdictions in which Viad has or had operations. If the Company has failed to comply with these environmental laws and regulations, civil and criminal penalties could be imposed and Viad could become subject to regulatory enforcement actions in the form of injunctions and cease and desist orders. As is the case with many companies, Viad also faces exposure to actual or potential claims and lawsuits involving environmental matters relating to its past operations. As of September 30, 2016, Viad had recorded environmental remediation liabilities of $3.9 million related to previously sold operations. Although it is a party to certain environmental disputes, Viad believes that any resulting liabilities, after taking into consideration amounts already provided for and insurance coverage, will not have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations.

As of September 30, 2016, Viad had certain obligations under guarantees to third parties on behalf of its subsidiaries. These guarantees are not subject to liability recognition in the condensed consolidated financial statements and relate to leased facilities entered into by Viad’s subsidiary operations. The Company would generally be required to make payments to the respective third

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parties under these guarantees in the event that the related subsidiary could not meet its own payment obligations. The maximum potential amount of future payments that V iad would be required to make under all guarantees existing as of September 30, 2016 would be $9.9 million. These guarantees relate to facilities leased by the Company through September 2021. There are no recourse provisions that would enable Viad to recov er from third parties any payments made under the guarantees. Furthermore, there are no collateral or similar arrangements whereby Viad could recover payments.

A significant portion of Viad’s employees are unionized and the Company is a party to approximately 100 collective-bargaining agreements, with approximately one-third requiring renegotiation each year. If the Company was unable to reach an agreement with a union during the collective-bargaining process, the union may call for a strike or work stoppage, which may, under certain circumstances, adversely impact the Company’s businesses and results of operations. Viad believes that relations with its employees are satisfactory and that collective-bargaining agreements expiring in 2016 will be renegotiated in the ordinary course of business without having a material adverse effect on Viad’s operations. The Company entered into showsite and warehouse agreements with the Chicago Teamsters Local 727, effective January 1, 2014, and those agreements contain provisions that allow the parties to re-open negotiation of the agreements on pension-related issues. The Company is in informal discussions regarding those issues with all relevant parties and is working diligently to resolve those issues in a manner that will be reasonable and equitable to employees, customers, and shareholders. Although the Company’s labor relations are currently stable, disruptions pending the outcome of the Chicago Teamsters Local 727 negotiations could occur, as they could with any collective-bargaining agreement negotiation, with the possibility of an adverse impact on the operating results of the Marketing & Events Group.

Viad’s businesses contribute to various multi-employer pension plans based on obligations arising under collective-bargaining agreements covering its union-represented employees. Based upon the information available to Viad from plan administrators, management believes that several of these multi-employer plans are underfunded. The Pension Protection Act of 2006 requires pension plans underfunded at certain levels to reduce, over defined time periods, the underfunded status. In addition, under current laws, the termination of a plan, or a voluntary withdrawal from a plan by Viad, or a shrinking contribution base to a plan as a result of the insolvency or withdrawal of other contributing employers to such plan, would require Viad to make payments to such plan for its proportionate share of the plan’s unfunded vested liabilities. As of September 30, 2016, the amount of additional funding, if any, that Viad would be required to make related to multi-employer pension plans is not ascertainable.

Viad is self-insured up to certain limits for workers’ compensation, employee health benefits, automobile, product and general liability, and property loss claims. The aggregate amount of insurance liabilities (up to the Company’s retention limit) related to Viad’s continuing operations was $19.9 million as of September 30, 2016 which includes $13.2 million related to workers’ compensation liabilities and $6.7 million related to general/auto liability claims. Viad has also retained and provided for certain insurance liabilities in conjunction with previously sold businesses of $4.0 million as of September 30, 2016, related to workers’ compensation liabilities. Provisions for losses for claims incurred, including estimated claims incurred but not yet reported, are made based on Viad’s historical experience, claims frequency, and other factors. A change in the assumptions used could result in an adjustment to recorded liabilities. Viad has purchased insurance for amounts in excess of the self-insured levels, which generally range from $0.2 million to $0.5 million on a per claim basis. Viad does not maintain a self-insured retention pool fund as claims are paid from current cash resources at the time of settlement. Viad’s net cash payments in connection with these insurance liabilities were $1.5 million and $3.9 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, respectively.

In addition, as of September 30, 2016, Viad recorded insurance liabilities of $6.0 million related to continuing operations, which represents the amount for which Viad remains the primary obligor after self-insured insurance limits, without taking into consideration the above-referenced insurance coverage. Of this total, $2.5 million related to workers’ compensation liabilities and $3.5 million related to general/auto liability claims. The Company has recorded those amounts in other deferred items and liabilities in Viad’s condensed consolidated balance sheets with a corresponding receivable in other investments.

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Note 19. Segment Information

Viad measures profit and performance of its operations on the basis of segment operating income which excludes restructuring charges and recoveries and impairment charges. Intersegment sales are eliminated in consolidation and intersegment transfers are not significant. Corporate activities include expenses not allocated to operations. Depreciation and amortization and share-based compensation expense are the only significant non-cash items for the reportable segments.

Viad’s reportable segments, with reconciliations to consolidated totals, are as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketing & Events Group: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Segment |  | $ | 232,484 |  |  | $ | 148,314 |  |  | $ | 636,299 |  |  | $ | 550,006 |
International Segment |  |  | 60,926 |  |  |  | 44,870 |  |  |  | 187,689 |  |  |  | 195,829 |
Intersegment eliminations |  |  | (6,425 | ) |  |  | (4,321 | ) |  |  | (15,439 | ) |  |  | (13,475 | )
Total Marketing & Events Group |  |  | 286,985 |  |  |  | 188,863 |  |  |  | 808,549 |  |  |  | 732,360 |
Travel & Recreation Group |  |  | 97,402 |  |  |  | 67,083 |  |  |  | 143,111 |  |  |  | 105,017 |
Corporate eliminations (1) |  |  | (1,922 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3,086 | ) |  |  | — |
Total revenue |  | $ | 382,465 |  |  | $ | 255,946 |  |  | $ | 948,574 |  |  | $ | 837,377 |
Segment operating income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketing & Events Group: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Segment |  | $ | 14,543 |  |  | $ | (9,039 | ) |  | $ | 37,907 |  |  | $ | 12,572 |
International Segment |  |  | 644 |  |  |  | (5,751 | ) |  |  | 4,951 |  |  |  | 6,405 |
Total Marketing & Events Group |  |  | 15,187 |  |  |  | (14,790 | ) |  |  | 42,858 |  |  |  | 18,977 |
Travel & Recreation Group |  |  | 44,248 |  |  |  | 29,361 |  |  |  | 44,733 |  |  |  | 30,755 |
Segment operating income |  |  | 59,435 |  |  |  | 14,571 |  |  |  | 87,591 |  |  |  | 49,732 |
Corporate eliminations (1) |  |  | (518 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (940 | ) |  |  | — |
Corporate activities |  |  | (2,772 | ) |  |  | (1,354 | ) |  |  | (7,390 | ) |  |  | (6,147 | )
Operating income |  |  | 56,145 |  |  |  | 13,217 |  |  |  | 79,261 |  |  |  | 43,585 |
Interest income |  |  | 44 |  |  |  | 65 |  |  |  | 138 |  |  |  | 571 |
Interest expense |  |  | (1,489 | ) |  |  | (1,198 | ) |  |  | (4,109 | ) |  |  | (3,452 | )
Restructuring charges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketing & Events U.S. Segment |  |  | (1,498 | ) |  |  | (25 | ) |  |  | (1,791 | ) |  |  | (496 | )
Marketing & Events International Segment |  |  | (203 | ) |  |  | (213 | ) |  |  | (1,374 | ) |  |  | (484 | )
Travel & Recreation Group |  |  | — |  |  |  | (18 | ) |  |  | (93 | ) |  |  | (160 | )
Corporate |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (406 | ) |  |  | (402 | )
Impairment charges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Travel & Recreation Group |  |  | (120 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (120 | ) |  |  | — |
Income from continuing operations before income taxes |  | $ | 52,883 |  |  | $ | 11,827 |  |  | $ | 71,506 |  |  | $ | 39,162 |

(1) | Represents the elimination of intercompany revenue and profit realized by the Marketing & Events Group for work completed on renovations for the Travel & Recreation Group’s Banff Gondola.

Note 20. Discontinued Operations

Viad recorded losses from discontinued operations related to liability reserve adjustments and legal fees related to previously sold operations.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) should be read in conjunction with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Viad Corp (“Viad” or the “Company”) for the year ended December 31, 2015 and the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in this Form 10-Q. The MD&A is intended to assist in providing an understanding of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. This discussion contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Viad’s actual results could differ materially from those anticipated due to various factors discussed under “Forward-Looking Statements” and elsewhere in this quarterly report.

Overview

Viad operates through three reportable business segments: the Marketing & Events U.S. Segment (the “U.S. Segment”), the Marketing & Events International Segment (the “International Segment”) (collectively, the “Marketing & Events Group”), and the Travel & Recreation Group.

Marketing & Events Group

The Marketing & Events Group, comprised of Global Experience Specialists, Inc. and affiliates (“GES”), is a global, full-service provider for live events that produces exhibitions, congresses and conferences, corporate events, consumer events, exhibits, and entertainment experiences. GES provides a comprehensive range of live event services, including official show services, audio-visual services, cutting-edge creative and design, strategic marketing and measurement services, registration, and event accommodations – all with a global reach.

GES’ clients include event organizers and corporate brand marketers. Corporate brand marketers include exhibitors and domestic and international corporations that want to promote their brands, services and innovations, feature new products, and build business relationships. GES serves corporate brand marketers when they exhibit at shows and when GES is engaged to manage their global exhibit program or produce their proprietary corporate events.

The U.S. Segment and the International Segment both provide a full suite of services for event organizers and exhibitors across four categories of live events: (i) Exhibitions; (ii) Congresses and Conferences; (iii) Corporate Events; and (iv) Consumer Events (collectively, “Live Events”).

Within each of the above four Live Events categories, the Marketing & Events Group delivers variations of four types of services to event organizers and exhibitors: (i) Core Services; (ii) Event Accommodations; (iii) Audio-Visual; and (iv) Registration and Data:

| • | Core Services. GES provides official contracting services and products to event organizers and exhibitors during Live Events. Contracting services and products are provided primarily to Exhibitions and to a lesser degree to Congresses and Conferences, Corporate Events, and Consumer Events.

| • | Event Accommodations. As the distributor of exclusive accommodation services for a Live Event, GES is responsible for researching and recommending local hotels, securing room blocks, marketing reserved room blocks to event attendees and exhibitors, managing attendee and exhibitor reservations, and addressing any accommodations concerns during the show.

| • | Audio-Visual. GES offers a variety of audio-visual and digital services for Live Events and corporate brand marketers. GES combines the science of innovative digital solutions with the latest audio-visual technology and superior service to create award-winning attendee engagements. Services provided include digital design and content, media production, content testing, equipment rental, staging, and creative services.

| • | Registration and Data. GES provides event registration and data services and is Europe’s leading software-as-a-service event registration and data intelligence service provider.

The Marketing & Events Group expanded its service offerings with the following 2016 acquisition:

| • | ON Services. In August 2016, the Company acquired ON Event Services, LLC (“ON Services”), a leading provider of audio-visual production services for live events in the United States. ON Services specializes in corporate events and exhibitions, supporting more than 1,000 live events annually with production services, including audio, video, lighting, mapping, and scenic design. In addition, the business produces high-end entertainment events and is the preferred in-house provider of audio-visual services for 36 venues, including hotels, arenas and conference centers.

Refer to Note 3 – Acquisition of Businesses of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

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Seasonality

For both the U.S. Segment and the International Segment, exhibition and event activity can vary significantly from quarter to quarter and year to year depending on the frequency and timing of shows, as some shows are not held each year and some may shift between quarters.

Travel & Recreation Group

The Travel & Recreation Group offers guests distinctive and world renowned experiences in iconic natural and cultural destinations in North America through its collection of unique hotels, lodges, recreational attractions, and transportation services. It draws its customers from major markets, including Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia/New Zealand, Asia, and Europe. It markets directly to consumers, as well as through distribution channels that include tour operators, tour wholesalers, destination management companies, and retail travel agencies and organizations.

The Travel & Recreation Group is comprised of four lines of business: (i) Hospitality; (ii) Attractions; (iii) Package Tours; and (iv) Transportation. These four lines of business work together, driving economies of scope and meaningful scale in and around the iconic destinations of Banff, Jasper, and Waterton Lakes National Parks in Canada, and Glacier, Denali, and Kenai Fjords National Parks in the United States. The Travel & Recreation Group is composed of Brewster Inc. (“Brewster”), Glacier Park, Inc. (“Glacier Park”), and Alaskan Park Properties, Inc. (“Alaska Denali Travel”) and CATC Alaska Tourism Corporation, formerly known as CIRI Alaska Tourism Corporation (“CATC”), (collectively, the “Alaska Collection”).

| • | Brewster, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Viad, is a leading travel and tourism provider in the Canadian Rockies in Alberta and in other areas of Western Canada. Brewster’s operations include the Banff Gondola, Columbia Icefield Glacier Adventure, Glacier Skywalk, Banff Lake Cruise, Maligne Lake Tours, inbound package tours, corporate event management services, sightseeing tours, airport services, charter motorcoach services, and hotel operations.

| • | Glacier Park, an 80 percent owned subsidiary of Viad, is an owner and operator of seven lodging properties located in and around Glacier National Park in Montana and Waterton Lakes National Park in Alberta, Canada, with a leading share of rooms in that market.

| • | Alaska Collection, consisting of two wholly-owned subsidiaries of Viad, is a travel and tourism provider and operator of two lodging properties located in Denali National Park and Preserve and two marine sightseeing attractions and three lodging properties in Kenai Fjords National Park in Alaska.

The Travel & Recreation Group expanded its service offerings with the following 2016 acquisitions:

| • | Maligne Lake Tours. In January 2016, the Company acquired the business of Maligne Tours Ltd. (“Maligne Lake Tours”), which provides interpretive boat tours and related services at Maligne Lake, the largest lake in Jasper National Park. Maligne Lake Tours has seven tour boats operating seasonally from May through October, a marina and day lodge that offers food and beverage and retail services, a historic chalet complex that is available for catered special events, and a historic boat house that offers canoes, kayaks, and rowboats for rental.

| • | CATC. In March 2016, the Company acquired CATC, the operator of an Alaskan tourism business that includes two marine sightseeing attractions and three lodges (the Talkeetna Alaskan Lodge, the Seward Windsong Lodge, and the Kenai Fjords Wilderness Lodge). The operations of CATC, whose primary operating season runs from May through September, are integrated with the Alaska Collection.

Refer to Note 3 – Acquisition of Businesses of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

Seasonality

The Travel & Recreation Group experiences peak activity during the summer months. During 2015, 87 percent of the Travel & Recreation Group’s revenue was earned in the second and third quarters.

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Non-GAAP Measures

In addition to disclosing financial results that are determined in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), the Company also discloses non-GAAP financial measures of Adjusted EBITDA, Segment operating income, Adjusted Segment EBITDA, organic revenue, and organic segment operating income (collectively, the “Non-GAAP Measures”). The presentation of the Non-GAAP Measures is supplemental to, but not as a substitute for, other measures of financial performance reported in accordance with GAAP. The Non-GAAP Measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures used by other companies. Management believes that the presentation of the Non-GAAP Measures provides useful information to investors regarding Viad’s results of operations for trending, analyzing, and benchmarking the performance and value of Viad’s business.

| • | “Adjusted EBITDA” is defined by Viad as net income attributable to Viad before the Company’s portion of interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, impairment charges and recoveries, changes in accounting principles, and the effects of discontinued operations. Adjusted EBITDA is utilized by management to measure the profit and performance of Viad’s operations and to facilitate period-to-period comparisons. Refer to the table below for a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

| • | “Segment operating income” is defined by Viad as net income attributable to Viad before income (loss) from discontinued operations, corporate activities, interest expense and interest income, income taxes, restructuring charges, impairment losses and recoveries, and the reduction for income attributable to non-controlling interest. Segment operating income is utilized by management to measure the profit and performance of Viad’s operating segments to facilitate period-to-period comparisons.

| • | “Adjusted Segment EBITDA” is defined by Viad as segment operating income (as defined above) before non-cash depreciation and amortization and acquisition integration costs, if any. Adjusted Segment EBITDA is utilized by management to measure the profit and performance of Viad’s operating segments and acquisitions to facilitate period-to-period comparisons. For a discussion of how this metric is used in connection with 2016 full year acquisition performance expectations, refer to the “Forward Looking Non-GAAP Financial Measures” section of this MD&A. Management believes that Adjusted Segment EBITDA for acquisitions enables investors to assess how effectively management is investing capital into major corporate development projects, both from a valuation and return perspective.

| • | “Organic revenue” and “organic segment operating income” are defined by Viad as revenue and segment operating income (as defined above), respectively, without the impact of exchange rate variances and acquisitions, if any, until such acquisitions are included in the entirety of both comparable periods. The impact of exchange rate variances is calculated as the difference between current period activity translated at the current period’s exchange rates and the comparable prior period’s exchange rates. Management believes that the presentation of “organic” results permits investors to better understand Viad’s performance without the effects of exchange rate variances or acquisitions and to facilitate period-to-period comparisons and analysis of Viad’s operating performance. Refer to the “Results of Operations” section of this MD&A for reconciliations of organic revenue and organic segment operating income to the most directly comparable GAAP measures.

The Non-GAAP Measures are considered useful operating metrics as potential variations arising from taxes, depreciation and amortization, debt service costs, impairment charges and recoveries, changes in accounting principles, and the effects of discontinued operations are eliminated, thus resulting in additional measures considered to be indicative of Viad’s ongoing operations and segment performance. Although the Non-GAAP Measures are used as financial measures to assess the performance of the business, the use of these measures is limited because these measures do not consider material costs, expenses, and other items necessary to operate the business. These items include debt service costs, non-cash depreciation and amortization expense associated with long-lived assets, expenses related to U.S. federal, state, local and foreign income taxes, impairment charges or recoveries, and the effects of accounting changes and discontinued operations. Since the Non-GAAP Measures do not consider the above items, a user of Viad’s financial information should consider net income attributable to Viad as an important measure of financial performance because it provides a more complete measure of the Company’s performance.

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A reconciliation of net income attributable to Viad to Adjusted EBITDA is as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Net income attributable to Viad |  | $ | 33,792 |  |  | $ | 7,230 |  |  | $ | 46,318 |  |  | $ | 27,563 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 12,649 |  |  |  | 9,170 |  |  |  | 31,206 |  |  |  | 27,040 |
Interest expense |  |  | 1,489 |  |  |  | 1,198 |  |  |  | 4,109 |  |  |  | 3,452 |
Income tax expense |  |  | 17,878 |  |  |  | 3,746 |  |  |  | 23,652 |  |  |  | 10,851 |
Impairment charges |  |  | 120 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 120 |  |  |  | — |
Loss from discontinued operations |  |  | 221 |  |  |  | 163 |  |  |  | 771 |  |  |  | 233 |
Noncontrolling interest |  |  | (661 | ) |  |  | (459 | ) |  |  | (691 | ) |  |  | (520 | )
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 65,488 |  |  | $ | 21,048 |  |  | $ | 105,485 |  |  | $ | 68,619 |

The change in Adjusted EBITDA was primarily due to higher segment operating income at the Marketing & Events Group and the Travel & Recreation Group. Refer to the Results of Operations section of this MD&A for a discussion of fluctuations.

Forward-Looking Non-GAAP Financial Measures

The Company has also provided Adjusted Segment EBITDA and segment operating income as forward-looking Non-GAAP Measures within the Results of Operations section of this MD&A. The Company does not provide reconciliations of these forward-looking Non-GAAP Measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures because, due to variability and difficulty in making accurate forecasts and projections and/or certain information not being ascertainable or accessible, not all of the information necessary for quantitative reconciliations of these forward-looking Non-GAAP Measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures is available to the Company without unreasonable efforts. Consequently, any attempt to disclose such reconciliations would imply a degree of precision that could be confusing or misleading to investors. It is probable that these forward-looking Non-GAAP Measures may be materially different from the corresponding GAAP Measures.

Results of Operations

Financial Highlights

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  | Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |  |
|  | September 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  | September 30, |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands, except per share data) |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | Percentage Change |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | Percentage Change |
Revenue |  | $ | 382,465 |  |  | $ | 255,946 |  |  |  | 49.4 | % |  | $ | 948,574 |  |  | $ | 837,377 |  |  |  | 13.3 | %
Net income attributable to Viad |  | $ | 33,792 |  |  | $ | 7,230 |  |  | ** |  |  | $ | 46,318 |  |  | $ | 27,563 |  |  |  | 68.0 | %
Segment operating income (1) |  | $ | 59,435 |  |  | $ | 14,571 |  |  | ** |  |  | $ | 87,591 |  |  | $ | 49,732 |  |  |  | 76.1 | %
Diluted income per common share from continuing operations attributable to Viad common stockholders |  | $ | 1.68 |  |  | $ | 0.37 |  |  | ** |  |  | $ | 2.33 |  |  | $ | 1.38 |  |  |  | 68.8 | %

** Change is greater than +/- 100 percent

(1) | Refer to Note 19 - Segment Information of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a reconciliation of Segment operating income to the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

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Three months ended September 30, 2016 compared with the three months ended September 30, 2015

| • | Total revenue increased $126.5 million or 49.4 percent, primarily due to positive show rotation of approximately $85 million, incremental revenue from the acquisitions of CATC, ON Services, and Maligne Lake Tours of $31.2 million, base same-show revenue growth of 3.0 percent, and new wins in the Marketing & Events Group, and strong park visitation and revenue management initiatives in the Travel & Recreation Group, offset in part by an unfavorable foreign exchange impact of $8.0 million. Management defines base same-show revenue as revenue derived from shows that the Company produced out of the same city during the same quarter in each year.

| • | Net income attributable to Viad increased $26.6 million, primarily due to increased segment operating income, offset in part by higher income tax expense.

| • | Total segment operating income increased $44.9 million, primarily due to high flow through on the increase in revenue, and included incremental operating income from the acquisitions of CATC, Maligne Lake Tours, and ON Services of $10.8 million.

Nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2015

| • | Total revenue increased $111.2 million or 13.3 percent, primarily due to positive show rotation of approximately $68 million, incremental revenue from the acquisitions of CATC, ON Services, and Maligne Lake Tours of $42.2 million, base same-show revenue growth of 3.8 percent in the Marketing & Events Group, as well as strong park visitation and revenue management initiatives in the Travel & Recreation Group, offset in part by an unfavorable foreign exchange impact of $16.4 million, the partial closure of the Banff Gondola for renovations, and the strategic downsizing of the transportation line of business in the Travel & Recreation Group.

| • | Net income attributable to Viad increased $18.8 million, primarily due to increased segment operating income, offset in part by higher income tax expense.

| • | Total segment operating income increased $37.9 million or 76.1 percent, primarily due to higher revenue, and included incremental operating income from the acquisitions of CATC, Maligne Lake Tours, and ON Services of $11.6 million.

Foreign Exchange Rate Variances

Viad conducts its foreign operations primarily in Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, and to a lesser extent, in certain other countries.

The following tables summarize the effects of foreign exchange rate variances on revenue and segment operating results (or “FX Impact”) from Viad’s significant international operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, excluding the effect of 2016 acquisitions:

Three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015:

|  | Revenue |  |  | Segment Operating Results |
|  | Weighted-Average Exchange Rates |  |  | FX Impact |  |  | Weighted-Average Exchange Rates |  |  | FX Impact |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | (in thousands) |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | (in thousands) |
Marketing & Events Group: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Canada (CAD) |  | $ | 0.77 |  |  | $ | 0.76 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 0.77 |  |  | $ | 0.78 |  |  | $ | 6 |
United Kingdom (GBP) |  | $ | 1.31 |  |  | $ | 1.53 |  |  |  | (8,080 | ) |  | $ | 1.32 |  |  | $ | 1.59 |  |  |  | (309 | )
Europe (EUR) |  | $ | 1.12 |  |  | $ | 1.12 |  |  |  | 115 |  |  | $ | 1.14 |  |  | $ | 1.09 |  |  |  | 17 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (7,956 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (286 | )
Travel & Recreation Group |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Canada (CAD) |  | $ | 0.77 |  |  | $ | 0.77 |  |  |  | (60 | ) |  | $ | 0.77 |  |  | $ | 0.77 |  |  |  | (46 | )
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (8,016 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (332 | )

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Nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015:

|  | Revenue |  |  | Segment Operating Results |
|  | Weighted-Average Exchange Rates |  |  | FX Impact |  |  | Weighted-Average Exchange Rates |  |  | FX Impact |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | (in thousands) |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | (in thousands) |
Marketing & Events Group: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Canada (CAD) |  | $ | 0.76 |  |  | $ | 0.79 |  |  | $ | (1,794 | ) |  | $ | 0.78 |  |  | $ | 0.82 |  |  | $ | (49 | )
United Kingdom (GBP) |  | $ | 1.38 |  |  | $ | 1.53 |  |  |  | (13,559 | ) |  | $ | 1.25 |  |  | $ | 1.49 |  |  |  | (339 | )
Europe (EUR) |  | $ | 1.12 |  |  | $ | 1.11 |  |  |  | 203 |  |  | $ | 1.13 |  |  | $ | 1.04 |  |  |  | 42 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (15,150 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (346 | )
Travel & Recreation Group |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Canada (CAD) |  | $ | 0.77 |  |  | $ | 0.78 |  |  |  | (1,297 | ) |  | $ | 0.77 |  |  | $ | 0.77 |  |  |  | 96 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (16,447 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (250 | )

Viad’s revenue and segment operating results were primarily impacted by the weakening of the British pound relative to the U.S. dollar. Future changes in the exchange rates may impact overall expected profitability and historical period-to-period comparisons when revenue and segment operating results are translated into U.S. dollars.

Analysis of Revenue and Operating Results by Reportable Segment

Marketing & Events Group

The following tables provide a comparison of the Marketing & Events Group’s reported revenue and segment operating results to organic revenue and segment operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 in order to better understand the underlying performance of the segment without the effects of acquisitions, if any, or FX Impact.

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Three Months Ended |  |  |  |
|  | September 30, 2016 |  |  | September 30, 2015 |  |  | Change |
(in thousands) |  | As Reported |  |  | Acquisitions(1) |  |  | FX Impact |  |  | Organic(2) |  |  | As Reported |  |  | Acquisitions |  |  | Organic(2) |  |  | As Reported |  |  | Organic(2) |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketing & Events Group: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Segment |  | $ | 232,484 |  |  | $ | 7,802 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 224,682 |  |  | $ | 148,314 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 148,314 |  |  |  | 56.8 | % |  |  | 51.5 | %
International Segment |  |  | 60,926 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (7,956 | ) |  |  | 68,882 |  |  |  | 44,870 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 44,870 |  |  |  | 35.8 | % |  |  | 53.5 | %
Intersegment eliminations |  |  | (6,425 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (6,425 | ) |  |  | (4,321 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (4,321 | ) |  |  | (48.7 | )% |  |  | (48.7 | )%
Total Marketing & Events Group |  | $ | 286,985 |  |  | $ | 7,802 |  |  | $ | (7,956 | ) |  | $ | 287,139 |  |  | $ | 188,863 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 188,863 |  |  |  | 52.0 | % |  |  | 52.0 | %
Segment operating income (loss) (3): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketing & Events Group: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Segment |  | $ | 14,543 |  |  | $ | 460 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 14,083 |  |  | $ | (9,039 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (9,039 | ) |  | ** |  |  | ** |
International Segment |  |  | 644 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (286 | ) |  |  | 930 |  |  |  | (5,751 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5,751 | ) |  | ** |  |  | ** |
Total Marketing & Events Group |  | $ | 15,187 |  |  | $ | 460 |  |  | $ | (286 | ) |  | $ | 15,013 |  |  | $ | (14,790 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (14,790 | ) |  | ** |  |  | ** |

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|  | Nine Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |
|  | September 30, 2016 |  |  | September 30, 2015 |  |  | Change |
(in thousands) |  | As Reported |  |  | Acquisitions(1) |  |  | FX Impact |  |  | Organic(2) |  |  | As Reported |  |  | Acquisitions |  |  | Organic(2) |  |  | As Reported |  |  | Organic(2) |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketing & Events Group: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Segment |  | $ | 636,299 |  |  | $ | 7,802 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 628,497 |  |  | $ | 550,006 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 550,006 |  |  |  | 15.7 | % |  |  | 14.3 | %
International Segment |  |  | 187,689 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (15,150 | ) |  |  | 202,839 |  |  |  | 195,829 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 195,829 |  |  |  | (4.2 | )% |  |  | 3.6 | %
Intersegment eliminations |  |  | (15,439 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (15,439 | ) |  |  | (13,475 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (13,475 | ) |  |  | (14.6 | )% |  |  | (14.6 | )%
Total Marketing & Events Group |  | $ | 808,549 |  |  | $ | 7,802 |  |  | $ | (15,150 | ) |  | $ | 815,897 |  |  | $ | 732,360 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 732,360 |  |  |  | 10.4 | % |  |  | 11.4 | %
Segment operating income (3): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Marketing & Events Group: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Segment |  | $ | 37,907 |  |  | $ | 460 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 37,447 |  |  | $ | 12,572 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,572 |  |  | ** |  |  | ** |
International Segment |  |  | 4,951 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (346 | ) |  |  | 5,297 |  |  |  | 6,405 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,405 |  |  |  | (22.7 | )% |  |  | (17.3 | )%
Total Marketing & Events Group |  | $ | 42,858 |  |  | $ | 460 |  |  | $ | (346 | ) |  | $ | 42,744 |  |  | $ | 18,977 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18,977 |  |  | ** |  |  | ** |

(1) | Acquisitions include ON Services (acquired August 2016).

(2) | Organic revenue and segment operating results are non-GAAP financial measures that adjust for the impacts of exchange rate variances and acquisitions, if any, until such acquisitions are included in the entirety of both comparable periods presented. For more information about organic revenue and segment operating results, see the "Non-GAAP Measures" section of this MD&A.

(3) | Refer to Note 19 - Segment Information of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a reconciliation of Segment operating income to the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

Three months ended September 30, 2016 compared with the three months ended September 30, 2015

U.S. Segment

U.S. Segment revenue increased $84.2 million or 56.8 percent, primarily due to positive show rotation of approximately $67 million, incremental revenue from the acquisition of ON Services of $7.8 million, new business wins, and base same-show revenue growth of 3.0 percent. Base same-shows represented 28.9 percent of the U.S. Segment organic revenue. Organic revenue increased $76.4 million or 51.5 percent.

U.S. Segment operating income increased $23.6 million, primarily due to higher revenue and strong operating leverage. Organic operating income increased $23.1 million.

International Segment

International Segment revenue increased $16.1 million or 35.8 percent, primarily due to positive show rotation of approximately $18 million, new business wins and same show growth, offset in part by an unfavorable FX Impact of $8.0 million. Organic revenue increased $24.0 million or 53.5 percent.

International Segment operating income increased $6.4 million, primarily due to higher revenue and strong operating leverage. Organic operating income increased $6.7 million.

Nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2015

U.S. Segment

U.S. Segment revenue increased $86.3 million or 15.7 percent, primarily due to positive show rotation of approximately $66 million, base same-show revenue growth of 3.8 percent, and the incremental revenue from the acquisition of ON Services of $7.8 million. Base same-shows represented 40.1 percent of the U.S. Segment organic revenue. Organic revenue increased $78.5 million or 14.3 percent.

U.S. Segment operating income increased $25.3 million, primarily due to higher revenue and strong operating leverage. Organic operating income increased $24.9 million.

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International Segment

International Segment revenue decreased $8.1 million or 4.2 percent, primarily due to an unfavorable FX Impact of $15.2 million, offset in part by new business wins and same show growth. Organic revenue increased $7.0 million or 3.6 percent.

International Segment operating income decreased $1.5 million or 22.7 percent, primarily due to lower revenue, higher wages and performance-based incentives in 2016, and a non-recurring gain of $1.3 million realized in 2015 related to exiting a venue services agreement in the United Kingdom. Organic operating income decreased $1.1 million or 17.3 percent.

2016 Outlook

Although the Marketing & Events Group has a diversified revenue base and long-term contracts for future shows, its revenue is affected by general economic and industry-specific conditions. The prospects for individual shows tend to be driven by the success of the industry related to those shows. In general, the exhibition and event industry is experiencing modest growth.

For the 2016 full year, management expects the Marketing & Events Group’s revenue to be up high-single digits from 2015 driven by positive show rotation of approximately $50 million and continued same-show growth. The August 2016 acquisition of ON Services is expected to provide $20 million to $22 million in revenue and Adjusted Segment EBITDA of approximately $3.5 million to $4.5 million. Management anticipates an unfavorable FX Impact on the Marketing & Events Group’s 2016 full year revenue and segment operating income of approximately $25 million and $1.5 million, respectively. The expected FX Impact includes the expectation that the U.S. dollar to the British pound exchange rate will be approximately $1.22 during the remainder of 2016. Management expects full year U.S. base same-show revenue to increase at a mid-single digit rate.

Management is executing a strategic growth plan to position the Marketing & Events Group as the preferred, global full-service provider of live events, with further reach to exhibitions, congresses and conferences, corporate events, and consumer events. In support of this strategy, the Company continues to pursue opportunities to acquire businesses with proven products and services that complement, enhance, or expand the current business or offer growth opportunities to create the most comprehensive suite of services for the Live Events industry.

Additionally, management remains focused on improving the profitability of the U.S. Segment through continued efforts to more effectively manage labor costs by driving productivity gains through rigorous and strategic pre-show planning that reduces the ratio of labor costs to revenue. Improving this metric is a top priority of management and the Company continues to develop and enhance tools to support and systematize show site labor planning, measurement, and benchmarking.

Travel & Recreation Group

The following tables provide a comparison of the Travel & Recreation Group’s reported revenue and segment operating results to organic revenue and segment operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 in order to better understand the underlying performance of the segment without the effects of acquisitions, if any, or FX Impact.

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Three Months Ended |  |  |  |
|  | September 30, 2016 |  |  | September 30, 2015 |  |  | Change |
(in thousands) |  | As Reported |  |  | Acquisitions(1) |  |  | FX Impact |  |  | Organic(2) |  |  | As Reported |  |  | Acquisitions |  |  | Organic(2) |  |  | As Reported |  |  | Organic(2) |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Travel & Recreation Group: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hospitality |  | $ | 39,664 |  |  | $ | 8,645 |  |  | $ | (9 | ) |  | $ | 31,028 |  |  | $ | 27,086 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 27,086 |  |  |  | 46.4 | % |  |  | 14.6 | %
Attractions |  |  | 42,883 |  |  |  | 13,699 |  |  |  | (31 | ) |  |  | 29,215 |  |  |  | 24,958 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 24,958 |  |  |  | 71.8 | % |  |  | 17.1 | %
Package Tours |  |  | 10,908 |  |  |  | 1,080 |  |  |  | (15 | ) |  |  | 9,843 |  |  |  | 9,978 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9,978 |  |  |  | 9.3 | % |  |  | (1.4 | )%
Transportation |  |  | 5,097 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 5,097 |  |  |  | 6,144 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 6,144 |  |  |  | (17.0 | )% |  |  | (17.0 | )%
Intra-Segment Eliminations & Other |  |  | (1,150 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5 | ) |  |  | (1,145 | ) |  |  | (1,083 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,083 | ) |  |  | (6.2 | )% |  |  | (5.7 | )%
Total Travel & Recreation Group |  | $ | 97,402 |  |  | $ | 23,424 |  |  | $ | (60 | ) |  | $ | 74,038 |  |  | $ | 67,083 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 67,083 |  |  |  | 45.2 | % |  |  | 10.4 | %
Segment operating income (3): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Travel & Recreation Group |  | $ | 44,248 |  |  | $ | 10,377 |  |  | $ | (46 | ) |  | $ | 33,917 |  |  | $ | 29,361 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 29,361 |  |  |  | 50.7 | % |  |  | 15.5 | %

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|  | Nine Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |
|  | September 30, 2016 |  |  | September 30, 2015 |  |  | Change |
(in thousands) |  | As Reported |  |  | Acquisitions(1) |  |  | FX Impact |  |  | Organic(2) |  |  | As Reported |  |  | Acquisitions |  |  | Organic(2) |  |  | As Reported |  |  | Organic(2) |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Travel & Recreation Group: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hospitality |  | $ | 56,791 |  |  | $ | 12,935 |  |  | $ | (328 | ) |  | $ | 44,184 |  |  | $ | 38,801 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 38,801 |  |  |  | 46.4 | % |  |  | 13.9 | %
Attractions |  |  | 61,056 |  |  |  | 19,906 |  |  |  | (483 | ) |  |  | 41,633 |  |  |  | 40,091 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 40,091 |  |  |  | 52.3 | % |  |  | 3.8 | %
Package Tours |  |  | 16,861 |  |  |  | 1,528 |  |  |  | (229 | ) |  |  | 15,562 |  |  |  | 15,269 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 15,269 |  |  |  | 10.4 | % |  |  | 1.9 | %
Transportation |  |  | 10,150 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (283 | ) |  |  | 10,433 |  |  |  | 12,473 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 12,473 |  |  |  | (18.6 | )% |  |  | (16.4 | )%
Intra-Segment Eliminations & Other |  |  | (1,747 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 26 |  |  |  | (1,773 | ) |  |  | (1,617 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,617 | ) |  |  | (8.0 | )% |  |  | (9.6 | )%
Total Travel & Recreation Group |  | $ | 143,111 |  |  | $ | 34,369 |  |  | $ | (1,297 | ) |  | $ | 110,039 |  |  | $ | 105,017 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 105,017 |  |  |  | 36.3 | % |  |  | 4.8 | %
Segment operating income (3): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Travel & Recreation Group |  | $ | 44,733 |  |  | $ | 11,176 |  |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | 33,461 |  |  | $ | 30,755 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 30,755 |  |  |  | 45.4 | % |  |  | 8.8 | %

** Change is greater than +/- 100 percent

(1) | Acquisitions include Maligne Lake Tours (acquired January 2016) and CATC (acquired March 2016).

(2) | Organic revenue and segment operating results are non-GAAP financial measures that adjust for the impacts of exchange rate variances and acquisitions, if any, until such acquisitions are included in the entirety of both comparable periods presented. For more information about organic revenue and segment operating results, see the “Non-GAAP Measures” section of this MD&A.

(3) | Refer to Note 19 - Segment Information of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for a reconciliation of Segment operating income to the most directly comparable GAAP measure.

Three months ended September 30, 2016 compared with the three months ended September 30, 2015

Travel & Recreation Group revenue increased $30.3 million or 45.2 percent, primarily driven by increases across all attractions and hospitality assets and the incremental revenue from the acquisitions of CATC and Maligne Lake Tours of $23.4 million which added two marine sightseeing attractions and three lodges. This increase was offset in part by the strategic downsizing of the transportation line of business. Organic revenue increased $7.0 million or 10.4 percent as compared to the corresponding period in 2015 primarily due to higher passenger volumes at the attractions and higher revenue per available room across the hospitality portfolio driven by strong park visitation and revenue management initiatives.

Travel & Recreation Group operating income increased $14.9 million or 50.7 percent, primarily due to high-margin revenue growth from attractions and hospitality assets and the incremental operating income from the acquisitions of CATC and Maligne Lake Tours of $10.4 million. Organic operating income increased $4.6 million or 15.5 percent.

Nine months ended September 30, 2016 compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2015

Travel & Recreation Group revenue increased $38.1 million or 36.3 percent, primarily driven by the incremental revenue from the acquisitions of CATC and Maligne Lake Tours of $34.4 million, increases across all hospitality assets and all attractions other than the Banff Gondola, which was partially closed for renovations, offset in part by the strategic downsizing of the transportation line of business, and an unfavorable FX Impact of $1.3 million. Organic revenue increased $5.0 million or 4.8 percent.

Travel & Recreation Group operating income increased $14.0 million or 45.4 percent, primarily due to the incremental operating income from the acquisitions of CATC and Maligne Lake Tours of $11.2 million and high-margin revenue growth, offset in part by the partial closure of the Banff Gondola. Organic operating income increased $2.7 million or 8.8 percent.

Performance Measures

Management uses the following key business metrics to evaluate the Travel & Recreation Group hospitality business: revenue per available room (“RevPAR”), average daily rate (“ADR”), and occupancy. These metrics are commonly used in the hospitality industry to measure performance.

| • | Revenue per Available Room. RevPAR is calculated as total rooms revenue divided by the total number of room nights available for all comparable Travel & Recreation Group hospitality properties during the period. Total rooms revenue does not include non-rooms revenue, which consists of ancillary revenue generated by hospitality properties, such as food and

31

|  | beverage and retail revenue. RevPAR measures the period-over-period change in rooms revenue for comparable hospitality properties. RevPAR is affected by average daily rate and occupancy, which hav e different implications on profitability.

| • | Average Daily Rate. ADR is calculated as total rooms revenue divided by the total number of room nights sold for all comparable Travel & Recreation Group hospitality properties during the period. ADR is used to assess the pricing levels that the hospitality properties are able to generate. Increases in ADR at hospitality properties lead to increases in rooms revenue with no substantial effect on variable costs, therefore having a greater impact on margins than increases in occupancy.

| • | Occupancy. Occupancy is calculated as the total number of room nights sold divided by the total number of room nights available for all comparable Travel & Recreation Group hospitality properties during the period. Occupancy measures the utilization of the available capacity at the hospitality properties. Increases in occupancy result in increases in rooms revenue and additional variable operating costs (including housekeeping services, utilities, and room amenity costs), as well as increased ancillary non-rooms revenue (including food and beverage and retail revenue).

Management evaluates the performance of the Travel & Recreation Group attractions business utilizing the number of passengers and total attractions revenue per passenger. The number of passengers allows management to assess the volume of visitor activity at each attraction during the period. Total attractions revenue per passenger is calculated as total attractions revenue divided by the total number of passengers at all Travel & Recreation Group attractions during the period. Total attractions revenue includes ticket sales and ancillary revenue generated by attractions, such as food and beverage and retail revenue. Total attractions revenue per passenger measures the total spend per visitor that attraction properties are able to capture, which is important to the profitability of the attractions business.

The following table provides Travel & Recreation Group same-store key performance indicators for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015. The same-store metrics below indicate the performance of all Travel & Recreation Group properties and attractions that were owned by Viad and operating at full capacity, considering seasonal closures, for the entirety of both periods presented. For Travel & Recreation Group properties and attractions located in Canada, comparisons to the prior year are on a constant U.S. dollar basis, using the current year quarterly average exchange rates for previous periods, to eliminate the FX Impact. Management believes that this same-store constant currency basis provides better comparability between reporting periods.

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  | September 30, |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | % Change |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | % Change |
Same-Store Key Performance Indicators (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hospitality: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Room nights available |  |  | 89,193 |  |  |  | 88,664 |  |  |  | 0.6 | % |  |  | 187,544 |  |  |  | 187,623 |  |  |  | 0.0 | %
RevPAR |  | $ | 179 |  |  | $ | 161 |  |  |  | 11.2 | % |  | $ | 123 |  |  | $ | 109 |  |  |  | 12.8 | %
ADR |  | $ | 190 |  |  | $ | 177 |  |  |  | 7.3 | % |  | $ | 161 |  |  | $ | 150 |  |  |  | 7.3 | %
Occupancy |  |  | 94.2 | % |  |  | 90.9 | % |  |  | 3.3 | % |  |  | 76.3 | % |  |  | 72.6 | % |  |  | 3.7 | %
Attractions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Passengers |  |  | 941,066 |  |  |  | 822,480 |  |  |  | 14.4 | % |  |  | 1,338,829 |  |  |  | 1,265,044 |  |  |  | 5.8 | %
Revenue per passenger |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  |  | 3.3 | % |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  |  | 0.0 | %

(1) | The Same-Store Key Performance Indicators exclude the Maligne Lake Tours attraction (acquired in January 2016) and the CATC hospitality properties and attraction (acquired in March 2016), as they were not owned by Viad for the entirety of both periods presented. Same-Store passengers and revenue per passenger were affected by the partial closure of the Banff Gondola during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016. Although the lift operations were re-opened on May 1, 2016, the dining and retail services previously offered at its upper terminal remained closed for renovations into the latter part of the third quarter.

Hospitality. Room nights available remained relatively flat during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016. RevPAR increased during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 due to increases in both ADR and occupancy across all geographies resulting from management’s focus on revenue management and strong park visitation in 2016 due in part to favorable weather conditions in contrast to forest fires during the third quarter of 2015.

Attractions. The increase in the number of passengers for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 was primarily due to strong park visitation combined with revenue management initiatives. All attractions experienced double-digit growth in passengers during the three months ended September 30, 2016. Growth in passengers was especially strong at the Glacier Skywalk attraction as a result of management’s decision to introduce a combination ticket that included both the Skywalk and the adjacent Columbia Icefield Glacier Adventure. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the number of passengers increased across all attractions with the exception of the Banff Gondola. Despite the Banff Gondola being partially closed for renovations during most

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of the first nine months of 2016, it show ed strong demand with an 11 percent increase in the number of passengers during the third quarter of 2016 as compared to the corresponding period in the prior year.

Revenue per passenger increased during the three months ended September 30, 2016 due to increases in effective ticket prices, offset in part by lower ancillary food and beverage and retail revenues at the Banff Gondola due to renovation closures, as well as significant growth in passengers at the Glacier Skywalk which has a lower ticket price than the other attractions. Revenue per passenger remained flat during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 primarily due to lower revenue from the Banff Gondola due to its partial closure and the greater proportion of total passengers coming from the lower priced Glacier Skywalk.

During 2015, the Travel & Recreation Group derived approximately 73 percent of revenue and 89 percent of segment operating income from its Canadian operations, which are largely dependent on foreign customer visitation. Accordingly, the strengthening or weakening of the Canadian dollar, relative to other currencies, could affect customer volumes and the results of operations. Additionally, the Travel & Recreation Group is affected by consumer discretionary spending on tourism activities.

2016 Outlook

Management expects the Travel & Recreation Group’s revenue to increase 35 percent to 37 percent from 2015, primarily due to the January 2016 acquisition of Maligne Lake Tours and the March 2016 acquisition of CATC, which are expected to provide $34 million to $35 million in revenue and Adjusted Segment EBITDA of approximately $12 million to $13 million, as well as strong park visitation and revenue management initiatives. Brewster’s transportation line of business is expected to negatively impact revenue by approximately $3 million as management streamlines that operation to focus on higher return opportunities. Management anticipates an unfavorable FX Impact on the Travel & Recreation Group’s 2016 full year revenue of approximately $1.0 million and no meaningful impact to segment operating income.

Corporate Activities

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  |  |  | Nine Months Ended |  |  |
|  | September 30, |  |  |  |  | September 30, |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | Percentage Change 2016 vs. 2015 |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | Percentage Change 2016 vs. 2015 |
Corporate activities |  | $ | 2,772 |  |  | $ | 1,354 |  |  | ** |  | $ | 7,390 |  |  | $ | 6,147 |  |  |  | 20.2 | %

Corporate activities expense increased $1.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2016, as compared to the corresponding period in 2015, primarily due to an increase in performance-based compensation expense. Corporate activities expense increased $1.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2016, as compared to the corresponding period in 2015, primarily due to an increase in performance-based compensation expense, offset in part by costs related to a shareholder nomination and settlement agreement during 2015 and lower acquisition transaction-related costs in 2016.

Interest Expense

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  |  | Nine Months Ended |  |  |
|  | September 30, |  |  |  |  |  |  | September 30, |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | Percentage Change 2016 vs. 2015 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | Percentage Change 2016 vs. 2015 |
Interest expense |  | $ | 1,489 |  |  | $ | 1,198 |  |  |  | 24.3 | % |  | $ | 4,109 |  |  | $ | 3,452 |  |  |  | 19.0 | %

Interest expense increased during the three months ended September 30, 2016 as compared to the corresponding period in 2015, primarily due to higher outstanding debt balances resulting from acquisitions completed during 2016. Interest expense increased during the nine months ended September 30, 2016, as compared to the corresponding period in 2015, primarily due to higher outstanding debt balances resulting from acquisitions completed during 2016, as well as higher interest income during 2015.

Restructuring Charges

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  |  |  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |  |  |  |  | September 30, |  |  |
(in thousands) |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | Percentage Change 2016 vs. 2015 |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | Percentage Change 2016 vs. 2015
Restructuring Charges |  | $ | 1,697 |  |  | $ | 257 |  |  | ** |  | $ | 3,664 |  |  | $ | 1,542 |  |  | **

** Change is greater than +/- 100 percent

Restructuring charges during the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 were primarily related to the elimination of positions and facility consolidations in the Marketing & Events Group. Restructuring charges during the nine months ended

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September 30, 2016 were primarily related to the elimina tion of positions and facility consolidations in the Marketing & Events Group, as well as the elimination of certain positions at Viad's corporate office.

Income Taxes

The effective tax rates for the three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015 were 33.8 percent and 31.7, respectively, and 33.1 percent and 27.7 percent for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The first nine months of 2015 included a $1.6 million non-cash tax benefit related to deferred taxes associated with certain foreign intangible assets.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Cash and cash equivalents were $52.7 million as of September 30, 2016, as compared to $56.5 million as of December 31, 2015. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016, the Company generated net cash flow from operating activities of $115.4 million primarily from results of operations in addition to changes in working capital. Management believes that Viad’s existing sources of liquidity will be sufficient to fund operations and capital commitments for at least the next 12 months.

As of September 30, 2016, the Company had approximately $45.7 million of its cash and cash equivalents held outside of the United States, consisting of $29.6 million in Canada, $7.2 million in the Netherlands, $7.1 million in the United Kingdom, $1.1 million in Germany, and $0.7 million in the United Arab Emirates. There are certain earnings related to the Company’s Canadian and Netherlands operations that have historically been deemed permanently reinvested. As of September 30, 2016, the incremental tax associated with these earnings if the cash balances were repatriated to the United States would approximate $2.5 million.

Cash Flows

Operating Activities

|  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Net income |  | $ | 47,083 |  |  | $ | 28,078 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 31,206 |  |  |  | 27,040 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | (3,549 | ) |  |  | (1,128 | )
Loss from discontinued operations |  |  | 771 |  |  |  | 233 |
Other non-cash items |  |  | 13,203 |  |  |  | 8,780 |
Changes in assets and liabilities |  |  | 26,708 |  |  |  | 13,340 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | $ | 115,422 |  |  | $ | 76,343 |

Net cash provided by operating activities increased $39.1 million, primarily from results of operations and changes in working capital.

Investing Activities

|  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Capital expenditures |  | $ | (32,582 | ) |  | $ | (19,030 | )
Cash paid for acquired businesses |  |  | (145,735 | ) |  |  | (430 | )
Proceeds from dispositions of property and other assets |  |  | 774 |  |  |  | 844 |
Net cash used in investing activities |  | $ | (177,543 | ) |  | $ | (18,616 | )

Net cash used in investing activities increased $158.9 million, primarily due to cash payments, net of cash acquired, of $145.7 million for the 2016 acquisitions of ON Services, CATC, and Maligne Lake Tours and an increase in capital expenditures, primarily due to the Banff Gondola renovations.

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Financing Activities

|  | Nine Months Ended |
|  | September 30, |
(in thousands) |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Proceeds from borrowings |  | $ | 153,000 |  |  | $ | 35,000 |
Payments on debt and capital lease obligations |  |  | (86,989 | ) |  |  | (58,981 | )
Acquisition of business - deferred consideration |  |  | — |  |  |  | (896 | )
Dividends paid on common stock |  |  | (6,079 | ) |  |  | (6,020 | )
Debt issuance costs |  |  | (340 | ) |  |  | — |
Common stock purchased for treasury |  |  | (679 | ) |  |  | (4,776 | )
Other |  |  | 60 |  |  |  | 1,054 |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  | $ | 58,973 |  |  | $ | (34,619 | )

The change in net cash provided by (used in) financing activities was primarily due to an increase in net borrowings of $90.0 million related to the acquisitions of ON Services and CATC completed in 2016 and a decrease in cash used for common stock repurchases of $4.1 million.

Debt and Capital Lease Obligations

Refer to Note 11 – Debt and Capital Lease Obligations of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion.

Share Repurchases

The Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase shares of its common stock from time to time at prevailing market prices. During the nine months ended September 30, 2015, the Company repurchased 141,462 shares on the open market for $3.8 million. No repurchases were made during the nine months ended September 30, 2016. As of September 30, 2016, 440,540 shares remained available for repurchase. The authorization of the Board of Directors does not have an expiration date. In addition, during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company repurchased 24,432 shares for $0.7 million and 34,364 shares for $0.9 million, respectively, related to tax withholding requirements on vested share-based awards.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Refer to Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Part II, Item 7) of Viad’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, for a discussion of critical accounting policies and estimates.

Impact of Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Note 1 - Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.

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Forward-Looking Statements

As provided by the safe harbor provision under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, Viad cautions readers that, in addition to historical information contained herein, this quarterly report includes certain information, assumptions, and discussions that may constitute forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, but reflect current estimates, projections, expectations, or trends concerning future growth, operating cash flows, availability of short-term borrowings, consumer demand, new or renewal business, investment policies, productivity improvements, ongoing cost reduction efforts, efficiency, competitiveness, legal expenses, tax rates and other tax matters, foreign exchange rates, and the realization of restructuring cost savings. Actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Viad’s businesses can be affected by a host of risks and uncertainties. Among other things, natural disasters, gains and losses of customers, consumer demand patterns, labor relations, purchasing decisions related to customer demand for exhibition and event services, existing and new competition, industry alliances, consolidation and growth patterns within the industries in which Viad competes, acquisitions, capital allocations, adverse developments in liabilities associated with discontinued operations, and any deterioration in the economy, may individually or in combination impact future results. In addition to factors mentioned elsewhere, economic, competitive, governmental, technological, capital marketplace, and other factors, including terrorist activities or war, a pandemic health crisis, and international conditions, could affect the forward-looking statements in this quarterly report. Additional information concerning business and other risk factors that could cause actual results to materially differ from those in the forward looking statements are discussed in the “Risk Factors” section in Viad’s 2015 Annual Report.

Information about Viad obtained from sources other than the Company may be out-of-date or incorrect. Please rely only on Company press releases, SEC filings, and other information provided by the Company, keeping in mind that forward-looking statements speak only as of the date made. Viad undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, including prior forward-looking statements, to reflect events or circumstances arising after the date as of which the forward-looking statements were made.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Viad’s market risk exposures relate to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, interest rates, and certain commodity prices. Foreign exchange risk is the risk that fluctuating exchange rates will adversely affect Viad’s financial condition or results of operations. Interest rate risk is the risk that changing interest rates will adversely affect the earnings of Viad. Commodity risk is the risk that changing prices will adversely affect results of operations.

Viad conducts its foreign operations primarily in Canada, the United Kingdom, Germany, and to a lesser extent, in certain other countries. The functional currency of Viad’s foreign subsidiaries is their local currency. Accordingly, for purposes of consolidation, Viad translates the assets and liabilities of its foreign subsidiaries into U.S. dollars at the foreign exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. The unrealized gains or losses resulting from the translation of these foreign denominated assets and liabilities are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in Viad’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. As a result, significant fluctuations in foreign exchange rates relative to the U.S. dollar may result in material changes to Viad’s net equity position reported in its condensed consolidated balance sheets. Viad does not currently hedge its equity risk arising from the translation of foreign denominated assets and liabilities. Viad had cumulative unrealized foreign currency translation losses recorded in stockholders’ equity of $22.5 million and $23.3 million as of September 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016, unrealized foreign currency translation losses of $3.8 million and unrealized foreign currency translation gains of $0.7 million, respectively, were recorded in other comprehensive income. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2015, unrealized foreign currency translation losses of $11.5 million and $23.1 million, respectively, were recorded in other comprehensive income.

For purposes of consolidation, revenue, expenses, gains, and losses related to Viad’s foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the average foreign exchange rates for the period. As a result, Viad’s consolidated results of operations are exposed to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates as revenue and segment operating results of its foreign operations, when translated, may vary from period to period, even when the functional currency amounts have not changed. Such fluctuations may adversely impact overall expected profitability and historical period-to-period comparisons. Viad does not currently hedge its net earnings exposure arising from the translation of its foreign revenue and segment operating results.

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The following tables summarize the FX Impact on revenue and segment operating results from Viad’s significant internationa l operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015, excluding the effect of 2016 acquisitions:

Three months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015:

|  | Revenue |  |  | Segment Operating Results |
|  | Weighted-Average Exchange Rates |  |  | FX Impact |  |  | Weighted-Average Exchange Rates |  |  | FX Impact |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | (in thousands) |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | (in thousands) |
Marketing & Events Group: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Canada (CAD) |  | $ | 0.77 |  |  | $ | 0.76 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 0.77 |  |  | $ | 0.78 |  |  | $ | 6 |
United Kingdom (GBP) |  | $ | 1.31 |  |  | $ | 1.53 |  |  |  | (8,080 | ) |  | $ | 1.32 |  |  | $ | 1.59 |  |  |  | (309 | )
Europe (EUR) |  | $ | 1.12 |  |  | $ | 1.12 |  |  |  | 115 |  |  | $ | 1.14 |  |  | $ | 1.09 |  |  |  | 17 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (7,956 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (286 | )
Travel & Recreation Group |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Canada (CAD) |  | $ | 0.77 |  |  | $ | 0.77 |  |  |  | (60 | ) |  | $ | 0.77 |  |  | $ | 0.77 |  |  |  | (46 | )
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (8,016 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (332 | )

Nine months ended September 30, 2016 and 2015:

|  | Revenue |  |  | Segment Operating Results |
|  | Weighted-Average Exchange Rates |  |  | FX Impact |  |  | Weighted-Average Exchange Rates |  |  | FX Impact |
|  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | (in thousands) |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |  |  | (in thousands) |
Marketing & Events Group: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Canada (CAD) |  | $ | 0.76 |  |  | $ | 0.79 |  |  | $ | (1,794 | ) |  | $ | 0.78 |  |  | $ | 0.82 |  |  | $ | (49 | )
United Kingdom (GBP) |  | $ | 1.38 |  |  | $ | 1.53 |  |  |  | (13,559 | ) |  | $ | 1.25 |  |  | $ | 1.49 |  |  |  | (339 | )
Europe (EUR) |  | $ | 1.12 |  |  | $ | 1.11 |  |  |  | 203 |  |  | $ | 1.13 |  |  | $ | 1.04 |  |  |  | 42 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (15,150 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (346 | )
Travel & Recreation Group |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Canada (CAD) |  | $ | 0.77 |  |  | $ | 0.78 |  |  |  | (1,297 | ) |  | $ | 0.77 |  |  | $ | 0.77 |  |  |  | 96 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (16,447 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (250 | )

Viad’s revenue and segment operating results were primarily impacted by the weakening of the British pound relative to the U.S. dollar. Future changes in the exchange rates may impact overall expected profitability and historical period-to-period comparisons when revenue and segment operating results are translated into U.S. dollars.

Viad is exposed to foreign exchange transaction risk, as its foreign subsidiaries have certain revenue transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the respective subsidiary. From time to time, Viad utilizes forward contracts to mitigate the impact on earnings related to these transactions due to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. As of September 30, 2016, Viad did not have any foreign currency forward contracts outstanding.

Viad is exposed to short-term and long-term interest rate risk on certain of its debt obligations. Viad currently does not use derivative financial instruments to hedge cash flows for such obligations.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer of Viad, the effectiveness of the design and operation of disclosure controls and procedures has been evaluated as of September 30, 2016, and, based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of September 30, 2016. Disclosure controls and procedures are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports filed or submitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in such reports is accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended September 30, 2016 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II - OTHE R INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Refer to Note 18 - Litigation, Claims, Contingencies, and Other of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q) for information regarding legal proceedings involving the Company.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to other information set forth in this Form 10-Q, careful consideration should be given to the Risk Factors (Part I, Item 1A) and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Part II, Item 7) in Viad’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015, which could materially affect the Company’s business, financial condition, and/or future results.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The following table summarizes the total number of shares of Viad’s common stock that were repurchased during the three months ended September 30, 2016 by Viad pursuant to publicly announced plans or programs, as well as from employees, former employees, and non-employee directors surrendering previously owned Viad common stock (outstanding shares) to pay the taxes in connection with the vesting of restricted stock awards.

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  |  | Average Price Paid Per Share |  |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  |  | Maximum Number of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs |
July 1, 2016 - July 31, 2016 |  |  | 199 |  |  |  | 31.63 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 440,540 |
August 1, 2016 - August 31, 2016 |  |  | 608 |  |  |  | 36.03 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 440,540 |
September 1, 2016 - September 30, 2016 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 440,540 |
Total |  |  | 807 |  |  |  | 34.95 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 440,540 |

The Board of Directors authorized the Company to repurchase shares of its common stock from time to time at prevailing market prices. No shares were repurchased on the open market during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2016. As of September 30, 2016, 440,540 shares remain available for repurchase. The authorization of the Board of Directors does not have an expiration date.

Effective February 24, 2016, Viad executed an amendment (the “Credit Agreement Amendment”) to its $300 million Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”). The terms of the Credit Agreement Amendment allow Viad to make dividends, distributions, and repurchases with respect to the Company’s common stock in an amount of up to $20 million per calendar year, but restrict Viad from making any further stock dividends, distributions, or repurchases above such an amount unless the Company’s leverage ratio is less than or equal to 2.50 to 1.00 and no default or unmatured default, as defined in the Credit Agreement, exists. For additional information on the Credit Agreement and the Credit Agreement Amendment, refer to Note 11 – Debt and Capital Lease Obligations of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Item 6. E xhibits

Exhibit # |  | Exhibit Description
10.A. |  | Joinder to Guaranty, dated as of August 31, 2016, by and among CIRI Alaska Tourism Corporation and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as agent, in favor of the agent and the lender parties thereto, filed as Exhibit 4.A to Viad Corp’s Form 8-K filed September 2, 2016, is hereby incorporated by reference.
10.B. |  | Joinder to Amended and Restated Subsidiary Pledge and Security Agreement, dated as of August 31, 2016, by and among CIRI Alaska Tourism Corporation and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as agent, in favor of the agent and the lender parties thereto, filed as Exhibit 4.B to Viad Corp’s Form 8-K filed September 2, 2016, is hereby incorporated by reference.
31.1 |  | Exhibit of Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Viad Corp pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*
31.2 |  | Exhibit of Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Viad Corp pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.*
32.1 |  | Additional Exhibit of Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Viad Corp pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.**
32.2 |  | Additional Exhibit of Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Viad Corp pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.**
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document.*
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.*
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.*
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.*
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.*
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.*

* | Filed herewith.

** | Furnished herewith.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  | VIAD CORP
|  |  | (Registrant)
November 4, 2016 |  |  | By: |  | /s/ Leslie S. Striedel
(Date) |  |  |  |  | Leslie S. Striedel
|  |  |  |  | Chief Accounting Officer
|  |  |  |  | (Chief Accounting Officer and Authorized Officer)

39