	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2019			2018			2017
Performance unit incentive plan (“PUP”)	$	3,990		$	2,260		$	8,088
Restricted stock		2,684			2,453			2,594
Restricted stock units		516			157			287
Share-based compensation before income tax benefit		7,190			4,870			10,969
Income tax benefit		(2,241	)		(1,227	)		(4,079	)
Share-based compensation, net of income tax benefit	$	4,949		$	3,643		$	6,890

We recorded share-based compensation expense through restructuring charges of $0.1 million in 2019, none in 2018, and $0.1 million in 2017. No share-based compensation costs were capitalized during 2019, 2018, or 2017.

The following table summarizes the activity of the outstanding share-based compensation awards:

	PUP Awards					Restricted Stock					Restricted Stock Units
	Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Shares			Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
Balance at December 31, 2018		239,809		$	40.65		176,769		$	40.87		12,090		$	39.04
Granted		73,619		$	58.29		56,390		$	57.99		8,898		$	61.16
Vested		(95,309	)	$	26.98		(85,436	)	$	32.27		(9,250	)	$	43.65
Forfeited		(3,215	)	$	55.72		(11,600	)	$	49.05		(115	)	$	52.15
Balance at December 31, 2019		214,904		$	52.53		136,123		$	52.66		11,623		$	52.17

We grant share-based compensation awards to our officers, directors, and certain key employees pursuant to the 2017 Viad Corp Omnibus Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”). The 2017 Plan has a 10-year term and provides for the following types of awards: (a) incentive and non-qualified stock options; (b) restricted stock and restricted stock units; (c) performance units or performance shares; (d) stock appreciation rights; (e) cash-based awards; and (f) certain other stock-based awards. In June 2017, we registered 1,750,000 shares of common stock issuable under the 2017 Plan. As of December 31, 2019, there were 1,584,154 shares available for future grant under the 2017 Plan.

The vesting of PUP award shares is based upon achievement of certain performance-based criteria over a three-year period.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, we granted PUP awards with a grant date fair value of $4.3 million of which $1.7 million are payable in shares. Liabilities related to PUP awards were $5.3 million as of December 31, 2019 and $7.0 million as of December 31, 2018. In 2019, PUP awards granted in 2016 vested and we paid $5.6 million in cash and $3.4 million in shares. In 2019, we withheld 25,771 shares for $1.5 million related to tax withholding requirements on vested PUP awards paid in shares. In 2018, PUP awards granted in 2015 vested and we paid $5.9 million in cash. In 2017, PUP awards granted in 2014 vested and we paid $3.7 million in cash.

The grant date fair value of vested restricted stock was $2.8 million in 2019, $2.1 million in 2018, and $2.7 million in 2017. As of December 31, 2019, the unamortized cost of outstanding restricted stock awards was $2.5 million, which we expect to recognize over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.1 years. We repurchased 24,995 shares for $1.5 million in 2019, 22,358 shares for $1.2 million in 2018, and 41,532 shares for $2.1 million in 2017 related to tax withholding requirements on vested share-based awards.

Aggregate liabilities related to restricted stock units were $0.4 million as of December 31, 2019 and $0.4 million as of December 31, 2018. In 2019, restricted stock units vested and we paid $0.6 million in cash and $0.2 million in shares. In 2018, the 2015 restricted stock units vested and we paid $0.2 million in cash. In 2017, portions of the 2012 and 2014 restricted stock units vested and we paid $0.3 million in cash.

	Shares			Weighted-Average Exercise Price
Options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2018		58,689		$	16.62
Exercised		(17,546	)	$	16.62
Options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2019		41,143		$	16.62

The weighted-average remaining contractual life of stock options outstanding is less than one year. The total intrinsic value of stock options outstanding was $2.1 million in 2019, $2.0 million in 2018, and $2.5 million in 2017. The intrinsic value of stock options outstanding represents the difference between our closing stock price on December 31 of each year and the exercise price, multiplied by the number of in-the-money stock options.