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Overview and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] |
Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation | Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and include the accounts of Viad and its subsidiaries. We have eliminated all significant intercompany account balances and transactions in consolidation.
Nature of Business | Nature of Business We are a leading provider of extraordinary experiences, including hospitality and leisure activities, experiential marketing, and live events. We operate through three reportable segments: Pursuit, Spiro, and GES Exhibitions. Spiro and GES Exhibitions are both live event businesses and are referred to collectively as “GES.” Pursuit Pursuit is a collection of inspiring and unforgettable travel experiences that includes recreational attractions, hotels and lodges, food and beverage, retail, sightseeing, and ground transportation services. Pursuit comprises the Banff Jasper Collection, the Alaska Collection, the Glacier Park Collection, FlyOver, and Sky Lagoon. Spiro Spiro is an experiential marketing agency that partners with leading brands around the world to manage and elevate their global experiential marketing activities. GES Exhibitions GES Exhibitions is a global exhibition services company that partners with leading exhibition and conference organizers as a full-service provider of strategic and logistics solutions to manage the complexity of their shows.
Use of Estimates | Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with United States GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reported period. Estimates and assumptions are used in accounting for, among other things: impairment testing of recorded goodwill and intangible assets and long-lived assets; allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable; sales reserve allowances; provisions for income taxes, including uncertain tax positions; valuation allowances related to deferred tax assets; liabilities for losses related to self-insured liability claims; liabilities for losses related to environmental remediation obligations; sublease income associated with restructuring liabilities; pension and postretirement benefit costs and obligations; share-based compensation costs; the discount rates used to value lease obligations; the redemption value of redeemable noncontrolling interests; and the allocation of purchase price of acquired businesses. These estimates and assumptions may change as a result of the impact of global economic conditions, global inflationary pressures, and volatility in foreign exchange rates. Actual results could differ from these and other estimates.
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash | Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash Cash equivalents are highly-liquid investments with remaining maturities when purchased of three months or less. Cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and bank demand deposits. Restricted cash represents collateral required for surety bonds, bank guarantees, letters of credit, and corporate credit cards. Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash balances presented in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows consist of the following:
|  | December 31, |
(in thousands) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 52,704 |  |  | $ | 59,719 |
Restricted cash included in other current assets |  |  | 6,325 |  |  |  | 4,845 |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows |  | $ | 59,029 |  |  | $ | 64,564 |
Allowances for Doubtful Accounts | Allowances for Doubtful Accounts Allowances for doubtful accounts reflect the best estimate of expected losses inherent in the accounts receivable balance. The allowances for doubtful accounts, including a sales allowance for discounts at the time of sale, are based upon an evaluation of the aging of receivables, historical trends, and the current economic environment.
Inventories | Inventories We state inventories, which consist primarily of exhibit design and construction materials and supplies, as well as retail inventory, at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out and specific identification methods) or net realizable value.
Property and Equipment | Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Property and equipment are depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets: buildings, 15 to 40 years; equipment, 3 to 12 years; and leasehold improvements, over the shorter of the lease term or useful life. Property and equipment are tested for potential impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the long-lived asset may not be recoverable through undiscounted cash flows.
Leases | Leases We recognize a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and lease liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and classify leases as either finance or operating leases. The classification of the lease determines whether we recognize the lease expense on an effective interest method basis (finance lease) or on a straight-line basis (operating lease) over the lease term. In determining whether an agreement contains a lease, we consider if we have a right to control the use of the underlying asset during the lease term in exchange for an obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. We recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities at commencement date, which is when the underlying asset is available for use to a lessee, based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Our operating and finance leases are primarily facility, equipment, and land leases. Our facility leases comprise mainly manufacturing facilities, sales and design facilities, offices, storage and/or warehouses, and truck marshaling yards for our GES business. These facility leases have lease terms ranging up to 34 years. Our equipment leases comprise mainly vehicles, hardware, and office equipment, each with various lease terms. Our land leases comprise mainly leases in Canada and Iceland on which our Pursuit hotels or attractions are located and have lease terms ranging up to 46 years. If a lease contains a renewal option that is reasonably certain to be exercised, then the lease term includes the optional periods in measuring a ROU asset and lease liability. We evaluate the reasonably certain threshold at lease commencement, and it is typically met if we identify substantial economic incentives or termination penalties. We do not include variable leases and variable non-lease components in the calculation of the ROU asset and corresponding lease liability. For facility leases, variable lease costs include the costs of common area maintenance, taxes, and insurance for which we pay our lessors an estimate that is adjusted to actual expense on a quarterly or annual basis depending on the underlying contract terms. We expense these variable lease payments as incurred. Our lease agreements do not contain any significant residual value guarantees or restrictive covenants. Substantially all of our lease agreements do not specify an implicit borrowing rate, and as such, we utilize an incremental borrowing rate based on lease term and country in order to calculate the present value of our future lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate represents a risk-adjusted rate on a collateralized basis and is the expected rate at which we would borrow funds to satisfy the scheduled lease liability payment streams commensurate with the lease term and the country. We are also a lessor to third party tenants who either lease certain portions of facilities that we own or sublease certain portions of facilities that we lease. We record lease income from owned facilities as rental income and we record sublease income from leased facilities as an offset to lease expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. We classify all of our leases for which we are the lessor as operating leases.
Goodwill | Goodwill Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis as of October 31, and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more-likely-than-not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. We use a discounted expected future cash flow methodology (income approach) to estimate the fair value of our reporting units for purposes of goodwill impairment testing. The estimates and assumptions regarding expected future cash flows, discount rates, and terminal values require considerable judgment and are based on market conditions, financial forecasts, industry trends, and historical experience. These estimates, however, have inherent uncertainties and different assumptions could lead to materially different results.
Self-Insurance Liabilities | Self-Insurance Liabilities We are self-insured up to certain limits for workers’ compensation and general liabilities, which includes automobile, product general liability, and client property loss claims. We have also retained and provided for certain workers’ compensation insurance liabilities in conjunction with previously sold operations. We are also self-insured for certain employee health benefits. Provisions for losses for claims incurred, including actuarially derived estimated claims incurred but not yet reported, are made based on historical experience, claims frequency, and other factors. We have purchased insurance for amounts in excess of the self-insured levels.
Environmental Remediation Liabilities | Environmental Remediation Liabilities Environmental remediation liabilities represent the estimated cost of environmental remediation obligations primarily associated with previously sold operations. The amounts accrued primarily consist of the estimated direct incremental costs, on an undiscounted basis, for contractor and other services related to remedial actions and post-remediation site monitoring. Environmental remediation liabilities are recorded when the specific obligation is considered probable and the costs are reasonably estimable. Subsequent recoveries from third parties, if any, are recorded through discontinued operations when realized. Environmental insurance is maintained that provides coverage for new and undiscovered pre-existing conditions at both our continuing and discontinued operations.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments | Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate fair value due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. Refer to Note 12 – Debt and Finance Obligations for the estimated fair value of debt obligations.
Convertible Preferred Stock | Convertible Preferred Stock We record shares of convertible preferred stock based on proceeds received net of costs on the date of issuance. Dividends paid-in-kind increase the redemption value of the preferred stock. Redeemable preferred stock (including preferred stock that features redemption rights that are either within the control of the holder or subject to redemption upon the occurrence of uncertain events not solely within our control) is classified as mezzanine equity and is reported between liabilities and stockholders’ equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Noncontrolling Interests - Non-redeemable and Redeemable | Noncontrolling Interests – Non-redeemable and Redeemable Non-redeemable noncontrolling interest represents the portion of equity in a subsidiary that is not attributable, directly or indirectly, to us. We report non-redeemable noncontrolling interest within stockholders’ equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount of consolidated net income or loss attributable to Viad and the non-redeemable noncontrolling interest is presented in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. We consider noncontrolling interests with redemption features that are not solely within our control to be redeemable noncontrolling interests. Our redeemable noncontrolling interest relates to our 56.4% equity ownership interest in Esja Attractions ehf. (“Esja”), which owns the FlyOver Iceland attraction. The Esja shareholders agreement contains a put option that gives the minority Esja shareholders the right to sell (or “put”) their Esja shares to us based on a calculated formula within a predefined term. This redeemable noncontrolling interest is considered mezzanine equity and we report it between liabilities and stockholders’ equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The amount of the net income or loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and the accretion of the redemption value is recorded as an adjustment to accumulated deficit and is included in our income (loss) per share. Refer to Note 23 – Noncontrolling Interests – Redeemable and Non-redeemable for additional information.
Foreign Currency Translation | Foreign Currency Translation Our foreign operations are primarily in Canada, the United Kingdom, Iceland, the Netherlands, the Middle East, Germany, and to a lesser extent, in certain other countries. The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is their local currency. Accordingly, for purposes of consolidation, we translate the assets and liabilities of our foreign subsidiaries into U.S. dollars at the foreign exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. The unrealized gains or losses resulting from the translation of these foreign denominated assets and liabilities are included as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (“AOCI”) in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. For purposes of consolidation, revenue, expenses, gains, and losses related to our foreign operations are translated into U.S. dollars at the average foreign exchange rates for the period. We also have certain loans and leases in currencies other than the entity’s functional currency, which results in gains or losses as exchange rates fluctuate and are recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Revenue Recognition | Revenue Recognition Revenue is measured based on a specified amount of consideration in a contract with a customer, net of commissions paid to customers and amounts collected on behalf of third parties. We recognize revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control of a product or delivering the service to a customer. Pursuit’s service revenue is derived through its admissions, accommodations, and transportation services. Product revenue is derived through food and beverage and retail sales. Revenue is recognized at the time services are performed or upon delivery of the product. Pursuit’s service revenue is recognized over time as the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits, and product revenue is recognized at a point in time. GES’ service revenue is primarily derived through its comprehensive range of marketing, event production, and other related services to event organizers and corporate brand marketers. GES’ service revenue is earned over time over the duration of the live event, which generally lasts one to three days. Revenue for goods and services provided for which we do not have control of the goods or services before that good or service is transferred to a customer is recorded on a net basis to reflect only the fees received for arranging these services. GES’ product revenue is derived from the build of exhibits, environments, and graphics and is recognized at a point in time upon delivery of the product.
Share-Based Compensation | Share-Based Compensation Share-based compensation costs related to all share-based payment awards are recognized and measured using the fair value method of accounting. These awards generally include restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance-based restricted stock units (“PRSUs”), and stock options, and contain forfeiture and non-compete provisions. We issue share-based payment awards from shares held in treasury. Future vesting is generally subject to continued employment. Holders of share-based awards have the right to receive dividends and vote the shares, but may not sell, assign, transfer, pledge, or otherwise encumber the stock, except to the extent restrictions have lapsed and in accordance with our stock trading policy. We account for share-based awards that will be settled in shares of our common stock as equity-based awards. We measure share-based compensation expense of equity-based awards at fair value on the grant date on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. The estimated number of awards to be achieved related to a performance condition is updated each reporting period based on the number of units expected to vest. The fair value of share-based awards that contain a performance goal based on a market condition such as total shareholder return is estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation. Share-based compensation expense related to equity-based awards is recognized ratably over the requisite service period ranging from one to three years. We account for share-based payment awards that will be settled in cash as liability-based awards, which include PRSUs and restricted stock units. We measure share-based compensation expense of liability-based awards at fair value at each reporting date until the date of settlement based on the number of units expected to vest and, where applicable, the level of achievement of predefined performance goals. The fair value of awards containing a performance goal with a market condition is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model. Share-based compensation expense related to liability-based awards is recognized ratably over the requisite service period of approximately three years. The fair value of stock option grants is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes stock option pricing model. We measure share-based compensation for performance-based options on a straight-line basis over the performance period and the underlying shares expected to be settled are adjusted each reporting period based on estimated future achievement of the respective performance metrics. Service-based options are recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period on a graded-vesting schedule.
Common Stock in Treasury | Common Stock in Treasury Common stock purchased for treasury is recorded at historical cost. Subsequent share reissuances are primarily related to share-based compensation programs and recorded at weighted-average cost.
Income Per Common Share | Income (Loss) Per Common Share Diluted income (loss) per common share is calculated using the more dilutive of the two-class method or if-converted method. The two-class method uses net income (loss) available to common stockholders and assumes conversion of all potential shares other than the participating securities. The if-converted method uses net income (loss) available to common shareholders and assumes conversion of all potential shares including the participating securities. Dilutive potential common shares include outstanding stock options, unvested restricted share units and convertible preferred stock. We apply the two-class method in calculating income (loss) per common share as unvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends and preferred stock are considered participating securities. Accordingly, such securities are included in the earnings allocation in calculating income (loss) per share. The adjustment to the carrying value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest is reflected in income (loss) per common share.
Government Assistance | Government Assistance We received government assistance of approximately $2.7 million in 2022, and $21.6 million in 2021. We did no t receive any government assistance in 2023. Benefits received were primarily from the Canadian Emergency Wage Subsidy (“CEWS”) program, the United Kingdom’s COVID Job Retention Scheme (“CJRS”), and two Netherlands programs referred to as NOW and TVL. The CEWS program was implemented by the Canadian government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic for businesses operating in Canada. Our Canadian subsidiaries within Pursuit and GES qualified for and applied for these CEWS cash benefits to partially offset the impacts of revenue reductions and on-going staffing costs. During 2022, GES received approximately $1.4 million in CEWS benefits. During 2021, Pursuit received approximately $11.6 million and GES received approximately $1.9 million. The CEWS benefits were recorded as a reduction to “Costs of services” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The CJRS program was implemented by the United Kingdom government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic to allow employers to retain and continue to pay their furloughed employees. Furloughed employees were paid 80% of their salary up to a maximum of GBP 2,500 per month. During July 2021, employers were required to contribute 10% of the furloughed employees salary, which increased to 20% before the program closed on September 30, 2021. Payments were handled by Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs, or HMRC. GES received approximately $0.9 million in 2021, which was recorded as a reduction to “Costs of services” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The NOW and TVL programs were implemented by the Dutch government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The NOW program was a temporary emergency bridging measure to reimburse up to 85% of employees’ salaries, and payments were handled by the Employee Insurance Agency, or UWV. The TVL program was a business support program focused on non-labor business expenses. The amounts claimed were based on lost income of more than 30%. Payments were handled by the Netherlands Enterprise Agency, or RVO. GES received approximately $0.6 million in 2022 and $3.0 million in 2021 for both NOW and TVL programs, which were recorded as a reduction to “Costs of services” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The remaining benefits received were from various other programs totaling $0.7 million in 2022, and $4.2 million in 2021.
Impact of Recent Accounting Pronouncements | Impact of Recent Accounting Pronouncements The following table provides a brief description of recent accounting pronouncements:
Standard |  | Description |  | Date of adoption |  | Effect on the financial statements
Standards Not Yet Adopted
Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures |  | Amendment expands annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. |  | 1/1/2024 |  | This new guidance will expand our footnote disclosures within the scope of this new standard with no impacts to our consolidated financial statements. The required annual disclosures for interim periods is effective in the first quarter of 2025.
ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures |  | Amendment expands the disclosure requirements for income taxes, specifically related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. |  | 1/1/2025 |  | This new guidance will expand our footnote disclosures within the scope of this new standard with no impacts to our consolidated financial statements.
Standard |  | Description |  | Date of adoption |  | Effect on the financial statements
Standards Recently Adopted
ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers |  | Amendment relates to the application of Topic 805, Business Combinations, to contracts with a customer acquired in a business combination after the acquirer has adopted Topic 606. ASU 2021-08 requires contract assets and contract liabilities to be accounted for as if they (the acquirer) entered into the original contract at the same time and same date as the acquiree. |  | 1/1/2023 |  | The adoption of this new standard did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2022-04, Liabilities - Supplier Finance Programs (Subtopic 405-50): Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations |  | Amendment requires that a buyer in a supplier finance program disclose key terms about the program in connection with the purchase of goods and services along with information about their obligations under these programs, including a rollforward of those obligations. |  | 1/1/2023 |  | We provide disclosure about supplier finance programs in Note 12 - Debt and Finance Obligations under the heading “Financing arrangements.” The required rollforward requirement is effective in the first quarter of 2024. The adoption of this new standard on January 1, 2023, did not otherwise have a material impact on our related disclosures.

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