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Borrowings | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Disclosure [Abstract] |
Borrowings | Borrowings On June 8, 2018 the Company's shareholders approved the application of the modified asset coverage requirements set forth in Section 61(a) of the 1940 Act, which resulted in the reduction of the minimum asset coverage ratio applicable to the Company from 200.0% to 150.0% as of June 9, 2018 (which means the Company can borrow $2 for every $1 of its equity). As a result of the Company's exemptive relief received on November 5, 2014, the Company is permitted to exclude its SBA-guaranteed debentures from the 150.0% asset coverage ratio that the Company is required to maintain under the 1940 Act. The agreements governing the NMFC Credit Facility, the Convertible Notes (as defined below) and the Unsecured Notes (as defined below) contain certain covenants and terms, including a requirement that the Company not exceed a debt-to-equity ratio of 1.65 to 1.00 at the time of incurring additional indebtedness and a requirement that the Company not exceed a secured debt ratio of 0.70 to 1.00 at any time. As of December 31, 2023, the Company’s asset coverage ratio was 187.54%. Holdings Credit Facility—On October 24, 2017, the Company entered into the Third Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement (as amended from time to time, the "Loan and Security Agreement") among the Company, as the Collateral Manager, NMF Holdings, as the Borrower, Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as the Administrative Agent and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as the Lender and Collateral Custodian (the "Holdings Credit Facility"). As of the most recent amendment on October 26, 2023, the maturity date of the Holdings Credit Facility is October 26, 2028 and the maximum facility amount is the lesser of $800,000 and the actual commitments of the lenders to make advances as of such date. As of December 31, 2023, the maximum amount of revolving borrowings available under the Holdings Credit Facility is $730,000. Under the Holdings Credit Facility, NMF Holdings is permitted to borrow up to 35.0%, 45.0%, 55.0%, 67.5% or 70.0% of the purchase price of pledged assets, subject to approval by Wells Fargo Bank, National Association. The Holdings Credit Facility is non-recourse to the Company and is collateralized by all of the investments of NMF Holdings on an investment by investment basis. All fees associated with the origination, amending or upsizing of the Holdings Credit Facility are capitalized on the Company's Consolidated Statement of Assets and Liabilities and charged against income as other financing expenses over the life of the Holdings Credit Facility. The Holdings Credit Facility contains certain customary affirmative and negative covenants and events of default. In addition, the Holdings Credit Facility requires the Company to maintain a minimum asset coverage ratio of 150.0%. The covenants are generally not tied to mark to market fluctuations in the prices of NMF Holdings investments, but rather to the performance of the underlying portfolio companies. As of the amendment on October 26, 2023, the Holdings Credit Facility bears interest at a rate of SOFR plus 2.50% per annum for Broadly Syndicated Loans (as defined in the Eighth Amendment to the Loan and Security Agreement). From April 28, 2023 to October 25, 2023, the Holdings Credit Facility bore interest at a rate of SOFR plus 1.70% for Broadly Syndicated Loans (as defined in the Seventh Amendment to the Loan and Security Agreement) and SOFR plus 2.20% per annum for all other investments. From April 20, 2021 to April 27, 2023, the Holdings Credit Facility bore interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 1.60% per annum for Broadly Syndicated Loans (as defined in the Fifth Amendment to the Loan and Security Agreement) and LIBOR plus 2.10% per annum for all other investments. From September 30, 2020 to April 19, 2021, the Holdings Credit Facility bore interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 2.00% per annum for Broadly Syndicated Loans (as defined in the Fourth Amendment Loan and Security Agreement) and LIBOR plus 2.50% per annum for all other investments. The Holdings Credit Facility also charges a non-usage fee, based on the unused facility amount multiplied by the Non-Usage Fee Rate (as defined in the Ninth Amendment to the Loan and Security Agreement). The following table summarizes the interest expense, non-usage fees and amortization of financing costs incurred on the Holdings Credit Facility for the years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Interest expense | $ | 41,176 |  |  | $ | 22,542 |  |  | $ | 10,210 |
Non-usage fee | $ | 760 |  |  | $ | 743 |  |  | $ | 1,282 |
Amortization of financing costs | $ | 1,912 |  |  | $ | 2,956 |  |  | $ | 2,852 |
Weighted average interest rate | 7.0 | % |  | 3.9 | % |  | 2.1 | %
Effective interest rate | 7.6 | % |  | 4.5 | % |  | 3.0 | %
Average debt outstanding | $ | 577,759 |  |  | $ | 581,367 |  |  | $ | 478,016 |
As of December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the outstanding balance on the Holdings Credit Facility was $515,063, $618,963 and $545,263, respectively, and NMF Holdings was in compliance with the applicable covenants of the Holdings Credit Facility on such dates. NMFC Credit Facility—The Amended and Restated Senior Secured Revolving Credit Agreement, (as amended from time to time, and together with the related guarantee and security agreement, the "RCA"), dated June 4, 2021, among the Company, as the Borrower, Goldman Sachs Bank USA, as the Administrative Agent and Collateral Agent, and Goldman Sachs Bank USA, Morgan Stanley Bank, N.A., Stifel Bank & Trust and MUFG Union Bank, N.A., as Lenders (the "NMFC Credit Facility"), is structured as a senior secured revolving credit facility. The NMFC Credit Facility is guaranteed by certain of the Company's domestic subsidiaries and proceeds from the NMFC Credit Facility may be used for general corporate purposes, including the funding of portfolio investments. As of the amendment on June 4, 2021, the maturity date of the NMFC Credit Facility is June 4, 2026. As of December 31, 2023, the maximum amount of revolving borrowings available under the NMFC Credit Facility was $198,500. The Company is permitted to borrow at various advance rates depending on the type of portfolio investment, as outlined in the RCA. All fees associated with the origination and amending of the NMFC Credit Facility are capitalized on the Company's Consolidated Statement of Assets and Liabilities and charged against income as other financing expenses over the life of the NMFC Credit Facility. The NMFC Credit Facility contains certain customary affirmative and negative covenants and events of default, including certain financial covenants related to asset coverage and liquidity and other maintenance covenants. As of the amendment on June 29, 2023, the NMFC Credit Facility generally bears interest at a rate of SOFR plus any applicable credit spread adjustment, SONIA or EURIBOR plus 2.10% per annum or the prime rate plus 1.10% per annum, and charges a commitment fee, based on the unused facility amount multiplied by 0.375% per annum (as defined in the RCA). From June 4, 2021 to June 28, 2023, the NMFC Credit Facility generally bore interest at a rate of LIBOR, SONIA or EURIBOR plus 2.10% per annum or the prime rate plus 1.10% per annum, and charged a commitment fee, based on the unused facility amount multiplied by 0.375% per annum (as defined in the RCA). Prior to June 4, 2021, the NMFC Credit Facility bore interest at a rate of LIBOR plus 2.50% per annum or the prime rate plus 1.50% per annum, and charged a commitment fee based on the unused facility amount multiplied by 0.375% per annum (as defined in the RCA). The following table summarizes the interest expense, non-usage fees and amortization of financing costs incurred on the NMFC Credit Facility for the years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Interest expense | $ | 7,380 |  |  | $ | 4,608 |  |  | $ | 3,171 |
Non-usage fee | $ | 363 |  |  | $ | 247 |  |  | $ | 213 |
Amortization of financing costs | $ | 216 |  |  | $ | 229 |  |  | $ | 199 |
Weighted average interest rate | 7.1 | % |  | 3.5 | % |  | 2.4 | %
Effective interest rate | 7.7 | % |  | 3.8 | % |  | 2.7 | %
Average debt outstanding | $ | 103,244 |  |  | $ | 133,053 |  |  | $ | 132,685 |
As of December 31, 2023, the outstanding balance on the NMFC Credit Facility was $36,813, which included £22,850 denominated in British Pound Sterling ("GBP") and €700 denominated in Euro ("EUR") that has been converted to U.S. dollars. As of December 31, 2022, the outstanding balance on the NMFC Credit Facility was $40,359, which included £22,850 denominated in GBP and €700 denominated in EUR that has been converted to U.S. dollars. As of December 31, 2021, the outstanding balance on the NMFC Credit Facility was $127,192, which included £16,400 denominated in GBP that has been converted to U.S. dollars. NMFC was in compliance with the applicable covenants of the NMFC Credit Facility on such dates. Unsecured Management Company Revolver—The Uncommitted Revolving Loan Agreement (the "Uncommitted Revolving Loan Agreement"), dated March 30, 2020, by and between the Company, as the Borrower, and NMF Investments III, L.L.C., as Lender, an affiliate of the Investment Adviser (the "Unsecured Management Company Revolver"), is structured as a discretionary unsecured revolving credit facility. The proceeds from the Unsecured Management Company Revolver may be used for general corporate purposes, including the funding of portfolio investments. As of the amendment on October 31, 2023, the maturity date of the Unsecured Management Company Revolver is December 31, 2027. As of the amendment on October 31, 2023, the Unsecured Management Company Revolver bears an interest at the Applicable Federal Rate. As of December 17, 2021 through the amendment on October 31, 2023, the Unsecured Management Company Revolver bore interest at a rate of 4.00% per annum. Prior to December 17, 2021, the Unsecured Management Company Revolver bore interest at a rate of 7.00% per annum (as defined in the Uncommitted Revolving Loan Agreement). On October 31, 2023, we entered into a Second Amended and Restated Uncommitted Revolving Loan Agreement with NMF Investments III, L.L.C., which increased the maximum amount of revolving borrowings available thereunder from $50,000 to $100,000. As of December 31, 2023, the maximum amount of revolving borrowings available under the Unsecured Management Company Revolver was $100,000 and no borrowings were outstanding. For the years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, amortization of financing costs were $2, $14 and $11, respectively. DB Credit Facility—The Loan Financing and Servicing Agreement (the "LFSA") dated December 14, 2018 and as amended from time to time, among NMFDB as the borrower, Deutsche Bank AG, New York Branch ("Deutsche Bank") as the facility agent, Lender and other agent from time to time party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as collateral agent and collateral custodian (the "DB Credit Facility"), is structured as a secured revolving credit facility. As of the amendment on October 31, 2023, the maturity date of the DB Credit Facility is March 25, 2027. As of December 31, 2023, the maximum amount of revolving borrowings available under the DB Credit Facility was $280,000. The Company is permitted to borrow at various advance rates depending on the type of portfolio investment, as outlined in the LFSA. The DB Credit Facility is non-recourse to the Company and is collateralized by all of the investments of NMFDB on an investment by investment basis. All fees associated with the origination and amending of the DB Credit Facility are capitalized on the Company's Consolidated Statement of Assets and Liabilities and charged against income as other financing expenses over the life of the DB Credit Facility. The DB Credit Facility contains certain customary affirmative and negative covenants and events of default. The covenants are generally not tied to mark to market fluctuations in the prices of NMFDB investments, but rather to the performance of the underlying portfolio companies. The advances under the DB Credit Facility accrue interest at a per annum rate equal to the Applicable Margin plus the lender's Cost of Funds Rate. Prior to March 25, 2021, the Applicable Margin was equal to 2.60% during the Revolving Period, increased by 0.20% per annum after the Revolving Period and then increased by 2.00% during an Event of Default (as defined in the LFSA). From March 25, 2021 to June 29, 2023, the Applicable Margin was equal to 2.35% during the Revolving Period, increased by 0.20% per annum after the Revolving Period and then increased by 2.00% during an Event of Default. From June 29, 2023 to October 31, 2023, the Applicable Margin was equal to 2.61% during the Revolving Period, increased by 0.20% per annum after the Revolving period and then increased by 2.00% per annum during an Event of Default. As of the amendment on October 31, 2023, the Applicable Margin is equal to 2.55% during the Revolving Period, increases by 0.20% per annum after the Revolving period and shall be increased by 2.00% per annum during an Even of Default. The "Cost of Funds Rate" for a conduit lender is the lower of its commercial paper rate and the Base Rate plus 0.50%, and for any other lender is the Base Rate. Effective June 29, 2023, the Base Rate is the three-months SOFR Rate. Prior to the amendment on June 29, 2023, the Base Rate was the three-months LIBOR rate. The Company is also charged a non-usage fee, based on the unused facility amount multiplied by the Undrawn Fee Rate (as defined in the LFSA) and a facility agent fee of 0.25% per annum, until the amendment on October 31, 2023, on the total facility amount. As of the amendment on October 31, 2023, the facility agent fee is 0.20% per annum on the total facility amounts. The following table summarizes the interest expense, non-usage fees and amortization of financing costs incurred on the DB Credit Facility for the years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Interest expense(1) | $ | 14,964 |  |  | $ | 9,816 |  |  | $ | 5,985 |
Non-usage fee(1) | $ | 466 |  |  | $ | 355 |  |  | $ | 362 |
Amortization of financing costs | $ | 1,113 |  |  | $ | 1,082 |  |  | $ | 981 |
Weighted average interest rate | 7.9 | % |  | 4.7 | % |  | 2.9 | %
Effective interest rate | 8.9 | % |  | 5.4 | % |  | 3.5 | %
Average debt outstanding | $ | 186,422 |  |  | $ | 209,898 |  |  | $ | 209,307 |
(1)Interest expense includes the portion of the facility agent fee applicable to the drawn portion of the DB Credit Facility and non-usage fee includes the portion of the facility agent fee applicable to the undrawn portion of the DB Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 the outstanding balance on the DB Credit Facility was $186,400, $186,400 and $244,000, respectively, and NMFDB was in compliance with the applicable covenants of the DB Credit Facility on such dates. NMNLC Credit Facility II—The Credit Agreement (together with the related guarantee and security agreement, the "NMNLC CA"), dated February 26, 2021, by and between NMNLC, as the Borrower, and City National Bank, as the Lender (the "NMNLC Credit Facility II"), is structured as a senior secured revolving credit facility. As of the amendment on November 1, 2022, NM CLFX LP has been added as a co-borrower and the NMNLC CA will mature on November 1, 2024. The NMNLC Credit Facility II is guaranteed by the Company and proceeds from the NMNLC Credit Facility II are able to be used for refinancing existing loans on properties held. From December 7, 2021 through November 1, 2022, the NMNLC Credit Facility II bore interest at a rate of the SOFR plus 2.75% per annum with a 0.35% floor, and charged a commitment fee, based on the unused facility amount multiplied by 0.05% per annum (as defined in the NMNLC CA). As of the amendment on November 1, 2022, the NMNLC Credit Facility II bears interest at a rate of SOFR plus 2.25%. Prior to the amendment on March 16, 2022, the maximum amount of revolving borrowings available under the NMNLC Credit Facility II was $20,000. As of the March 16, 2022 amendment and effective May 1, 2022 through November 1, 2022, the maximum amount of revolving borrowings available under the NMNLC Credit Facility II was $10,000. As of the amendment on November 1, 2022, the maximum amount of revolving borrowings available to all borrowers under the NMNLC Credit Facility II is $27,500, of which $25,408 is outstanding as of December 31, 2023. The following table summarizes the interest expense, non-usage fees and amortization of financing costs incurred on the NMNLC Credit Facility II for the years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Interest expense | $ | 186 |  |  | $ | 252 |  |  | $ | 93 |
Non-usage fee | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 3 |
Amortization of financing costs | $ | 87 |  |  | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | 83 |
Weighted average interest rate | 7.2 | % |  | 3.5 | % |  | 2.7 | %
Effective interest rate | 11.0 | % |  | 4.4 | % |  | 5.1 | %
Average debt outstanding | $ | 2,506 |  |  | $ | 7,195 |  |  | $ | 3,501 |
As of December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the outstanding balance on the NMNLC Credit Facility II was $2,853, $3,785 and $15,200, respectively, and NMNLC was in compliance with the applicable covenants of the NMNLC Credit Facility II on such dates. Convertible Notes 2018 Convertible Notes—On August 20, 2018, the Company closed a registered public offering of $100,000 aggregate principal amount of unsecured convertible notes (the “2018 Convertible Notes”), pursuant to an indenture, dated August 20, 2018, as supplemented by a first supplemental indenture thereto, dated August 20, 2018 (together the “2018A Indenture”). On August 30, 2018, in connection with the registered public offering, the Company issued an additional $15,000 aggregate principal amount of the 2018 Convertible Notes pursuant to the exercise of an overallotment option by the underwriter of the 2018 Convertible Notes. On June 7, 2019, the Company closed a registered public offering of an additional $86,250 aggregate principal amount of the 2018 Convertible Notes. These additional 2018 Convertible Notes constituted a further issuance of, ranked equally in right of payment with, and formed a single series with the $115,000 aggregate principal amount of 2018 Convertible Notes that the Company issued in August 2018. The 2018 Convertible Notes bore interest at an annual rate of 5.75%, payable semi-annually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year, which commenced on February 15, 2019. The 2018 Convertible Notes matured on August 15, 2023. On November 4, 2022, the Company launched a tender offer to purchase, upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Offer to Purchase, dated November 4, 2022, up to $201,250 aggregate principal amount of then outstanding 2018 Convertible Notes for cash in an amount equal to $1,000 per $1,000 principal amount of Notes purchased (exclusive of accrued and unpaid interest on such notes) (the "Tender Offer"). The Tender Offer expired on December 6, 2022. As of the expiration of the Tender Offer, $84,434 aggregate principal amount of the 2018 Convertible Notes were validly tendered and not validly withdrawn pursuant to the Tender Offer. The Company accepted for purchase all of the 2018 Convertible Notes that were validly tendered and not validly withdrawn at the expiration of the Tender Offer. Following settlement of the Tender Offer on December 9, 2022, approximately $116,816 aggregate principal amount of the 2018 Convertible Notes remained outstanding. On August 15, 2023, the Company's $116,816 aggregate principal amount of 2018 Convertible Notes matured and the Company repaid the outstanding principal and accrued but unpaid interest in cash. 2022 Convertible Notes—On November 2, 2022, the Company closed a private offering of $200,000 aggregate principal amount of unsecured convertible notes (the “2022 Convertible Notes”), pursuant to an indenture, dated August 20, 2018, as supplemented by a third supplemental indenture thereto, dated November 2, 2022 (together the “2018C Indenture”). On March 14, 2023, the Company issued an additional $60,000 aggregate principal amount of the 2022 Convertible Notes. These additional 2022 Convertible Notes constitute a further issuance of, rank equally in right of payment with, and form a single series with the $200,000 aggregate principal amount of the 2022 Convertible Notes that the Company issued in November 2022. The 2022 Convertible Notes bear interest at an annual rate of 7.50%, payable semi-annually in arrears on April 15 and October 15 of each year, commencing on April 15, 2023. The 2022 Convertible Notes will mature on October 15, 2025 unless earlier converted, repurchased or redeemed pursuant to the terms of the 2018C Indenture. The Company may not redeem the 2022 Convertible Notes prior to July 15, 2025. On or after July 15, 2025, the Company may redeem the 2022 Convertible Notes for cash, in whole or from time to time in part, at our option at a redemption price, subject to an exception for redemption dates occurring after a record date but on or prior to the interest payment date, equal to the sum of (i) 100% of the principal amount of the 2022 Convertible Notes to be redeemed, (ii) accrued and unpaid interest thereon to, but excluding, the redemption date and (iii) a make-whole premium. The following table summarizes certain key terms related to the convertible features of the Company’s 2022 Convertible Notes as of December 31, 2023.
|  | 2022 Convertible Notes
Initial conversion premium |  | 14.7 | %
Initial conversion rate(1) |  | 70.4225 |
Initial conversion price |  | $ | 14.20 |
Conversion rate at December 31, 2023(1)(2) |  | 72.1779 |
Conversion price at December 31, 2023(2)(3) |  | $ | 13.85 |
Last conversion price calculation date |  | December 22, 2023
(1)Conversion rates denominated in shares of common stock per $1 principal amount of the 2022 Convertible Notes converted. (2)Represents conversion rate and conversion price, as applicable, taking into account certain de minimis adjustments that will be made on the conversion date. (3)The conversion price in effect at December 31, 2023 on the 2022 Convertible Notes was last calculated on December 22, 2023. The conversion rate will be subject to adjustment upon certain events, such as stock splits and combinations, mergers, spin-offs, increases in dividends in excess of $0.30 per share per quarter for the 2022 Convertible Notes and certain changes in control. Certain of these adjustments, including adjustments for increases in dividends, are subject to a conversion price floor of $12.38 per share for the 2022 Convertible Notes. In no event will the total number of shares of common stock issuable upon conversion exceed 80.7754 per $1 principal amount of the 2022 Convertible Notes. The Company has determined that the embedded conversion option in the 2022 Convertible Notes is not required to be separately accounted for as a derivative under GAAP. The 2022 Convertible Notes are unsecured obligations and rank senior in right of payment to the Company’s existing and future indebtedness, if any, that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the 2022 Convertible Notes; equal in right of payment to the Company’s existing and future unsecured indebtedness that is not so subordinated; effectively junior in right of payment to any of the Company’s secured indebtedness (including existing unsecured indebtedness that the Company later secures) to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and structurally junior to all existing and future indebtedness (including trade payables) incurred by the Company’s subsidiaries and financing vehicles. As reflected in Note 12. Earnings Per Share, the issuance is considered part of the if-converted method for calculation of diluted earnings per share. The following table summarizes the interest expense, amortization of financing costs and amortization of premium incurred on the 2018 Convertible Notes and 2022 Convertible Notes (together, the "Convertible Notes") for the years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022(1) |  | 2021
Interest expense | $ | 22,767 |  |  | $ | 13,734 |  |  | $ | 11,572 |
Amortization of financing costs | $ | 1,676 |  |  | $ | 694 |  |  | $ | 395 |
Amortization of premium | $ | (130) |  |  | $ | (130) |  |  | $ | (103) |
Weighted average interest rate | 7.1 | % |  | 6.0 | % |  | 5.8 | %
Effective interest rate | 7.6 | % |  | 6.2 | % |  | 5.9 | %
Average debt outstanding | $ | 320,494 |  |  | $ | 228,806 |  |  | $ | 201,250 |
(1)For the year ended December 31, 2022, amounts reported include interest and amortization of financing costs related to the 2022 Convertible Notes for the period from November 2, 2022 (issuance of the 2022 Convertible Notes) to December 31, 2022. As of December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the outstanding balance on the 2022 Convertible Notes was $260,000, $200,000 and $0, respectively. As of December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the outstanding balance on the 2018 Convertible Notes was $0, $116,816 and $201,250, respectively. The Company was in compliance with the terms of the 2018A Indenture and 2018C Indenture on such dates. Unsecured Notes On May 6, 2016, the Company issued $50,000 in aggregate principal amount of five-year unsecured notes (the “2016 Unsecured Notes”), pursuant to a note purchase agreement, dated May 4, 2016, to an institutional investor in a private placement. On September 30, 2016, the Company entered into an amended and restated note purchase agreement (the "NPA") and issued an additional $40,000 in aggregate principal amount of 2016 Unsecured Notes to institutional investors in a private placement. On February 16, 2021, the Company repaid all $90,000 in aggregate principal amount of the issued and outstanding 2016 Unsecured Notes. On June 30, 2017, the Company issued $55,000 in aggregate principal amount of five-year unsecured notes that matured on July 15, 2022 (the "2017A Unsecured Notes"), pursuant to the NPA and a supplement to the NPA. On July 15, 2022, the Company caused notices to be issued to holders of the Company's 2017A Unsecured Notes regarding the exercise of the Company's option to repay all of the Company's $55,000 in aggregate principal amount of issued and outstanding 2017A Unsecured Notes, which was repaid on July 14, 2022. On January 30, 2018, the Company issued $90,000 in aggregate principal amount of five year unsecured notes that matured on January 30, 2023 (the "2018A Unsecured Notes") pursuant to the NPA and a second supplement to the NPA. On January 30, 2023, the Company caused notices to be issued to holders of the Company's 2018A Unsecured Notes regarding the exercise of the Company's option to repay all of the Company's $90,000 in aggregate principal amount of issued and outstanding 2018A Unsecured Notes, which was repaid on January 27, 2023. On July 5, 2018, the Company issued $50,000 in aggregate principal amount of five year unsecured notes that matured on June 28, 2023 (the "2018B Unsecured Notes") pursuant to the NPA and a third supplement to the NPA (the "Third Supplement"). On June 28, 2023, the Company caused notices to be issued to holders of the Company's 2018B Unsecured Notes regarding the exercise of the Company's option to repay all of the Company's $50,000 in aggregate principal amount of issued and outstanding 2018B Unsecured Notes, which was repaid on June 27, 2023. On April 30, 2019, the Company issued $116,500 in aggregate principal amount of five year unsecured notes that mature on April 30, 2024 (the "2019A Unsecured Notes") pursuant to the NPA and a fourth supplement to the NPA (the "Fourth Supplement"). On February 5, 2024, the Company fully repaid $116,500 in aggregate principal amount of issued and outstanding 2019A Unsecured Notes. See Note 15. Subsequent Events, for details. On January 29, 2021, the Company issued $200,000 in aggregate principal amount of five year unsecured notes that mature on January 29, 2026 (the "2021A Unsecured Notes") pursuant to the NPA and a fifth supplement to the NPA (the "Fifth Supplement"). On June 15, 2022, the Company issued $75,000 in aggregate principal amount of five year unsecured notes that mature on June 15, 2027 (the "2022A Unsecured Notes") pursuant to the NPA and a sixth supplement to the NPA (the "Sixth Supplement"). The NPA provides for future issuances of unsecured notes in separate series or tranches. The 2016 Unsecured Notes bore interest at an annual rate of 5.313%, payable semi-annually on May 15 and November 15 of each year. The 2017A Unsecured Notes bore interest at an annual rate of 4.760%, payable semi-annually on January 15 and July 15 of each year. The 2018A Unsecured Notes bore interest at an annual rate of 4.870%, payable semi-annually on February 15 and August 15 of each year. The 2018B Unsecured Notes bore interest at an annual rate of 5.360%, payable semi-annually on January 15 and July 15 of each year. The 2019A Unsecured Notes bear interest at an annual rate of 5.494%, payable semi-annually on April 15 and October 15 of each year. The 2021A Unsecured Notes bear interest at an annual rate of 3.875%, payable semi-annually in arrears on January 29 and July 29 of each year. The 2022A Unsecured Notes bear interest at an annual rate of 5.900%, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year, which commenced on December 14, 2022. These interest rates are subject to increase in the event that: (i) subject to certain exceptions, the underlying unsecured notes or the Company ceases to have an investment grade rating or (ii) the aggregate amount of the Company’s unsecured debt falls below $150,000. In each such event, the Company has the option to offer to prepay the underlying unsecured notes at par, in which case holders of the underlying unsecured notes who accept the offer would not receive the increased interest rate. In addition, the Company is obligated to offer to prepay the underlying unsecured notes at par if the Investment Adviser, or an affiliate thereof, ceases to be the Company’s investment adviser or if certain change in control events occur with respect to the Investment Adviser. The NPA contains customary terms and conditions for unsecured notes issued in a private placement, including, without limitation, an option to offer to prepay all or a portion of the unsecured notes under its governance at par (plus a make-whole amount, if applicable), affirmative and negative covenants such as information reporting, maintenance of the Company’s status as a BDC under the 1940 Act and a RIC under the Code, minimum stockholders’ equity, minimum asset coverage ratio, and prohibitions on certain fundamental changes at the Company or any subsidiary guarantor, as well as customary events of default with customary cure and notice, including, without limitation, nonpayment, misrepresentation in a material respect, breach of covenant, cross-default under other indebtedness of the Company or certain significant subsidiaries, certain judgments and orders, and certain events of bankruptcy. The Third Supplement, Fourth Supplement, Fifth Supplement and Sixth Supplement all include additional financial covenants related to asset coverage as well as other terms. On November 13, 2023, the Company closed a registered public offering of $115,000 in aggregate principal amount of 8.250% Unsecured Notes that mature on November 15, 2028 (the "8.250% Unsecured Notes", together with the 2019A Unsecured Notes, 2021A Unsecured Notes and 2022A Unsecured Notes, the "Unsecured Notes"), pursuant to a base indenture and fourth supplemental indenture thereto dated November 13, 2023 (the "Indenture") between us and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association (as successor in interest to U.S. Bank National Association), as trustee. The 8.250% Unsecured Notes bear interest at an annual rate of 8.250%, payable quarterly on February 15, May 15, August 15 and November 15 of each year, beginning on February 15, 2024. The 8.250% Unsecured Notes are listed on NASDAQ Global Select Market and trade under the trading symbol "NMFCZ". The Company may redeem the 8.250% Unsecured Notes, in whole or in part, at any time, or from time to time, at its option on or after November 15, 2025 at the redemption price of par, plus accrued interest. No sinking fund provision is provided for the 8.250% Unsecured Notes and holders of the 8.250% Unsecured Notes have no option to have their 8.250% Unsecured Notes repaid prior to the stated maturity date. The Unsecured Notes are unsecured obligations and rank senior in right of payment to the Company’s existing and future indebtedness, if any, that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Unsecured Notes; equal in right of payment to the Company’s existing and future unsecured indebtedness that is not so subordinated; effectively junior in right of payment to any of the Company’s secured indebtedness (including existing unsecured indebtedness that the Company later secures) to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and structurally junior to all existing and future indebtedness (including trade payables) incurred by the Company’s subsidiaries and financing vehicles. The following table summarizes the interest expense and amortization of financing costs incurred on the Unsecured Notes for the years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023(1) |  | 2022(2) |  | 2021(3)
Interest expense | $ | 21,511 |  |  | $ | 25,033 |  |  | $ | 24,401 |
Amortization of financing costs | $ | 770 |  |  | $ | 801 |  |  | $ | 1,864 |
Weighted average interest rate | 4.9 | % |  | 4.8 | % |  | 4.7 | %
Effective interest rate | 5.1 | % |  | 4.9 | % |  | 5.1 | %
Average debt outstanding | $ | 438,473 |  |  | $ | 526,829 |  |  | $ | 516,611 |
(1)For the year ended December 31, 2023, amounts reported include interest and amortization of financing costs related to the 8.250% Unsecured Notes for the period from November 13, 2023 (issuance date of the 8.250% Unsecured Notes ) to December 31, 2023. (2)For the year ended December 31, 2022, amounts reported include interest and amortization of financing costs related to the 2022A Unsecured Notes for the period from June 15, 2022 (issuance date of the 2022A Unsecured Notes) to December 31, 2022. (3)For the year ended December 31, 2021, amounts reported include interest and amortization of financing costs related to the 2021A Unsecured Notes for the period from January 29, 2021 (issuance date of the 2021A Unsecured Notes) to December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the outstanding balance on the Unsecured Notes was $506,500, $531,500 and $511,500, respectively, and the Company was in compliance with the terms of the NPA and the Indenture as of such dates, as applicable. SBA-guaranteed debentures—On August 1, 2014 and August 25, 2017, respectively, SBIC I and SBIC II received licenses from the SBA to operate as SBICs. These SBIC licenses allow each of SBIC I and SBIC II to obtain leverage by issuing SBA-guaranteed debentures, subject to the issuance of a capital commitment by the SBA and other customary procedures. SBA-guaranteed debentures are non-recourse to the Company, interest only debentures with interest payable semi-annually and have a ten year maturity. The principal amount of SBA-guaranteed debentures is not required to be paid prior to maturity but may be prepaid at any time without penalty. The interest rate of SBA-guaranteed debentures is fixed on a semi-annual basis at a market-driven spread over U.S. Treasury Notes with ten year maturities. The SBA, as a creditor, will have a superior claim to the assets of SBIC I and SBIC II over the Company's stockholders in the event SBIC I and SBIC II are liquidated or the SBA exercises remedies upon an event of default. The maximum amount of borrowings available under current SBA regulations for a single licensee is $150,000 as long as the licensee has at least $75,000 in regulatory capital, receives a capital commitment from the SBA and has been through an examination by the SBA subsequent to licensing. In June 2018, legislation amended the 1958 Act by increasing the individual leverage limit from $150,000 to $175,000, subject to SBA approvals. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, SBIC I had regulatory capital of $75,000 and $75,000, respectively, and SBA-guaranteed debentures outstanding of $150,000 and $150,000, respectively. As of December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, SBIC II had regulatory capital of $75,000 and $75,000, respectively, and $150,000 and $150,000, respectively, of SBA-guaranteed debentures outstanding. The SBA-guaranteed debentures incur upfront fees of 3.435%, which consists of a 1.00% commitment fee and a 2.435% issuance discount, which are amortized over the life of the SBA-guaranteed debentures. The following table summarizes the Company’s SBA-guaranteed debentures as of December 31, 2023.
Issuance Date |  | Maturity Date |  | Debenture Amount |  | Interest Rate |  | SBA Annual Charge
Fixed SBA-guaranteed debentures(1): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
March 25, 2015 |  | March 1, 2025 |  | $ | 37,500 |  |  | 2.517 | % |  | 0.355 | %
September 23, 2015 |  | September 1, 2025 |  | 37,500 |  |  | 2.829 | % |  | 0.355 | %
September 23, 2015 |  | September 1, 2025 |  | 28,795 |  |  | 2.829 | % |  | 0.742 | %
March 23, 2016 |  | March 1, 2026 |  | 13,950 |  |  | 2.507 | % |  | 0.742 | %
September 21, 2016 |  | September 1, 2026 |  | 4,000 |  |  | 2.051 | % |  | 0.742 | %
September 20, 2017 |  | September 1, 2027 |  | 13,000 |  |  | 2.518 | % |  | 0.742 | %
March 21, 2018 |  | March 1, 2028 |  | 15,255 |  |  | 3.187 | % |  | 0.742 | %
Fixed SBA-guaranteed debentures(2): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 19, 2018 |  | September 1, 2028 |  | 15,000 |  |  | 3.548 | % |  | 0.222 | %
September 25, 2019 |  | September 1, 2029 |  | 19,000 |  |  | 2.283 | % |  | 0.222 | %
March 25, 2020 |  | March 1, 2030 |  | 41,000 |  |  | 2.078 | % |  | 0.222 | %
March 25, 2020 |  | March 1, 2030 |  | 24,000 |  |  | 2.078 | % |  | 0.275 | %
September 23, 2020 |  | September 1, 2030 |  | 51,000 |  |  | 1.034 | % |  | 0.275 | %
Total SBA-guaranteed debentures |  |  |  | $ | 300,000 |  |  |  |  |
(1)SBA-guaranteed debentures are held by SBIC I. (2)SBA-guaranteed debentures are held by SBIC II. Prior to pooling, the SBA guaranteed debentures bear interest at an interim interest rate equal to the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago's Fixed Regular Advance Rate (Bank Advance Rate), plus 41 basis points. Once pooled, which occurs in March and September each year, the SBA-guaranteed debentures bear interest at a fixed rate that is set to the current 10-year treasury rate plus a spread at each pooling date. The following table summarizes the interest expense and amortization of financing costs incurred on the SBA-guaranteed debentures for the years ended December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Interest expense | $ | 8,104 |  |  | $ | 8,104 |  |  | $ | 8,104 |
Amortization of financing costs | $ | 1,002 |  |  | $ | 1,002 |  |  | $ | 1,002 |
Weighted average interest rate | 2.7 | % |  | 2.7 | % |  | 2.7 | %
Effective interest rate | 3.0 | % |  | 3.0 | % |  | 3.0 | %
Average debt outstanding | $ | 300,000 |  |  | $ | 300,000 |  |  | $ | 300,000 |
The SBIC program is designed to stimulate the flow of private investor capital into eligible small businesses, as defined by SBA regulations that, among other things: require SBICs to invest in eligible small businesses and invest at least 25.0% of investment capital in eligible smaller enterprises (as defined by the SBA regulations), place certain limitations on the financing terms of investments, regulate the types of financing provided by an SBIC, prohibit investments in small businesses with certain characteristics or in certain industries and require capitalization thresholds that limit distributions to us. SBICs are subject to an annual periodic examination by an SBA examiner to determine the SBIC's compliance with the relevant SBA regulations and an annual financial audit of its financial statements that are prepared on a basis of accounting other than GAAP (such as ASC 820) by an independent auditor. As of December 31, 2023, December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, SBIC I and SBIC II were in compliance with SBA regulatory requirements. Leverage risk factors—The Company utilizes and may utilize leverage to the maximum extent permitted by the law for investment and other general business purposes. The Company's lenders will have fixed dollar claims on certain assets that are superior to the claims of the Company's common stockholders, and the Company would expect such lenders to seek recovery against these assets in the event of a default. The use of leverage also magnifies the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested. Leverage may magnify interest rate risk (particularly on the Company's fixed-rate investments), which is the risk that the prices of portfolio investments will fall or rise if market interest rates for those types of securities rise or fall. As a result, leverage may cause greater changes in the Company's net asset value. Similarly, leverage may cause a sharper decline in the Company's income than if the Company had not borrowed. Such a decline could negatively affect the Company's ability to make distributions to its stockholders. Leverage is generally considered a speculative investment technique. The Company's ability to service any debt incurred will depend largely on financial performance and will be subject to prevailing economic conditions and competitive pressures.

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