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Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities | Fair Value of Assets and Liabilities The following table presents certain of our assets that are measured at fair value at December 31, 2020, categorized by the level of inputs as defined in the fair value hierarchy under GAAP, used in the valuation of each asset.
|  |  |  | Fair Value at Reporting Date Using
|  |  |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs
Description |  | Total |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3)
Recurring Fair Value Measurements Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment in Five Star (1) |  | $ | 73,772 |  |  | $ | 73,772 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate properties held for sale (2) |  | $ | 47,848 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 47,848 |  |  | $ | — |
(1)Our 10,691,658 Five Star common shares are included in investments in equity securities in our consolidated balance sheets, and are reported at fair value, which is based upon quoted market prices on Nasdaq (Level 1 inputs). Pursuant to the Restructuring Transaction, on January 1, 2020, Five Star issued 10,268,158 common shares to us. The fair value and initial cost basis of the Five Star common shares issued to us on January 1, 2020 was $38,095. Our adjusted cost basis inclusive of the 423,500 Five Star common shares we owned as of December 31, 2019 and the 10,268,158 Five Star common shares issued to us on January 1, 2020 was $44,448 as of December 31, 2020. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded an unrealized gain of $34,106, which is included in gains and losses on equity securities, net in our consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss), to adjust the carrying value of our investment in Five Star common shares to their fair value. See Notes 2 and 8 for further information about our investment in Five Star. (2)We have assets in our consolidated balance sheets that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. During the year ended December 31, 2020, we recorded impairment charges of $3,378 to reduce the carrying value of one medical office property that is classified as held for sale to its estimated sales price, less estimated costs to sell of $275, based on the sales price under a purchase and sale agreement that we have entered into with a third party buyer for this medical office property of $9,000. We also recorded impairment charges of $25,797 to reduce the carrying value of ten senior living communities that are classified as held for sale to their estimated sales price, less estimated costs to sell of $477, based on the sales price under a purchase and sale agreement that we have entered into with a third party buyer for these senior living communities of $39,600. See Note 3 for further information about impairment charges and these and other properties we have classified as held for sale. In addition to the assets described in the table above, our financial instruments at December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 included cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, other assets, our revolving credit facility, term loans, senior unsecured notes, secured debt and finance leases and other unsecured obligations and liabilities. The fair values of these financial instruments approximated their carrying values in our consolidated financial statements as of such dates, except as follows:
|  | As of December 31, 2020 |  | As of December 31, 2019
Description |  | Carrying Amount (1) |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Carrying Amount (1) |  | Estimated Fair Value
Senior unsecured notes, 6.750% coupon rate, due in 2020 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 199,862 |  |  | $ | 200,306 |
Senior unsecured notes, 6.750% coupon rate, due in 2021 (2) |  | 299,273 |  |  | 303,891 |  |  | 298,486 |  |  | 318,042 |
Senior unsecured notes, 4.750% coupon rate, due in 2024 |  | 249,068 |  |  | 256,258 |  |  | 248,788 |  |  | 260,683 |
Senior unsecured notes, 9.750% coupon rate, due in 2025 |  | 984,359 |  |  | 1,135,800 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Senior unsecured notes, 4.750% coupon rate, due in 2028 |  | 490,925 |  |  | 502,648 |  |  | 489,652 |  |  | 506,155 |
Senior unsecured notes, 5.625% coupon rate, due in 2042 |  | 341,802 |  |  | 330,120 |  |  | 341,421 |  |  | 346,500 |
Senior unsecured notes, 6.250% coupon rate, due in 2046 |  | 242,762 |  |  | 245,000 |  |  | 242,472 |  |  | 258,700 |
Secured debts (3) (4) (5) |  | 691,573 |  |  | 716,185 |  |  | 697,729 |  |  | 697,142 |
|  | $ | 3,299,762 |  |  | $ | 3,489,902 |  |  | $ | 2,518,410 |  |  | $ | 2,587,528 |
(1)Includes unamortized debt issuance costs, premiums and discounts. (2)In February 2021, we issued $500,000 aggregate principal amount of 4.375% senior notes due 2031. We used net proceeds from this offering to prepay our $200,000 term loan and expect to use the remaining net proceeds to redeem all of our outstanding 6.75% senior notes due 2021 in June 2021, when those notes become redeemable with no prepayment premium. (3)We assumed certain of these secured debts in connection with our acquisition of certain properties. We recorded the assumed mortgage notes at estimated fair value on the date of acquisition and we are amortizing the fair value adjustments, if any, to interest expense over the respective terms of the mortgage notes to adjust interest expense to the estimated market interest rates as of the date of acquisition. (4)Includes secured debts for our life science property we own in a joint venture arrangement in which we own a 55% equity interest. The amounts listed in the table for these debts have not been adjusted to reflect the equity interests in the joint venture that we do not own. (5)Includes $3,015 of principal mortgage obligations and $25 of unamortized debt issuance costs for properties classified as held for sale as of December 31, 2019. These debts are included in liabilities of properties held for sale in our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2019. We estimated the fair value of our two issuances of senior unsecured notes due 2042 and 2046 based on the closing price of our common shares trading on Nasdaq (Level 1 input) as of December 31, 2020. We estimated the fair values of our four issuances of senior unsecured notes due 2021, 2024, 2025 and 2028 using an average of the bid and ask price on Nasdaq on or about December 31, 2020 (Level 2 inputs as defined in the fair value hierarchy under GAAP). We estimated the fair values of our secured debts by using discounted cash flows analyses and currently prevailing market terms as of the measurement date (Level 3 inputs as defined in the fair value hierarchy under GAAP). Because Level 3 inputs are unobservable, our estimated fair values may differ materially from the actual fair values. Realized and unrealized gains and losses for our equity securities for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019 were as follows:
|  | For the Year Ended December 31,
|  | 2020 |  | 2019
Realized gains and losses on equity securities sold (1) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (41,436) |
Unrealized gains and losses on equity securities held |  | 34,106 |  |  | (462) |
Gains and losses on equity securities, net |  | $ | 34,106 |  |  | $ | (41,898) |
(1)See Note 8 for further information about our former investment in RMR Inc.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=117815213&loc=d3e19207-110258 + Details
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