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BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2019
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES BASIS OF PRESENTATION We conduct a majority of our business activities through our consolidated operating partnership, IRET Properties, A North Dakota Limited Partnership (the “Operating Partnership”), as well as through a number of other consolidated subsidiary entities. The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of all our subsidiaries in which we maintain a controlling interest, including the Operating Partnership. All intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. On September 20, 2018, our Board of Trustees approved a change in our fiscal year-end from April 30 to December 31, beginning on January 1, 2019. We filed a transition report on Form 10-KT for the transition period ended December 31, 2018, in accordance with SEC rules and regulations. Beginning on January 1, 2019, all fiscal years will be from January 1 to December 31. On December 14, 2018, the Board approved a reverse stock split of our outstanding common shares, no par value per share, and limited partnership units ("Units") at a ratio of 1-for-10. The reverse stock split was effective as of the close of trading on December 27, 2018, with trade commencing on a split-adjusted basis on December 28, 2018. We have adjusted all shares and Units and per share and Unit data for all periods presented. The condensed consolidated financial statements also reflect the Operating Partnership's ownership of certain joint venture entities in which the Operating Partnership has a general partner or controlling interest. These entities are consolidated into our operations, with noncontrolling interests reflecting the noncontrolling partners’ share of ownership, income, and expenses. UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS Our interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, certain disclosures accompanying annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP are omitted. The year-end balance sheet data was derived from audited consolidated financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting solely of normal recurring adjustments necessary for the fair presentation of our financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the interim periods, have been included. The current period’s results of operations are not necessarily indicative of results which ultimately may be achieved for the year. The interim condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes thereto should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our Transition Report on Form 10-KT for the transition period ended December 31, 2018, as filed with the SEC on February 27, 2019. USE OF ESTIMATES The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS The following table provides a brief description of recent accounting standards updates (“ASUs”).
Standard | Description | Date of Adoption | Effect on the Financial Statements or Other Significant Matters
ASU 2016-02, Leases; ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842, Leases; ASU 2018-11, Leases: Targeted Improvements; ASU 2018-20, Leases (Topic 842) - Narrow-Scope Improvements for Leases | These ASUs amend existing accounting standards for lease accounting, including requiring lessees to recognize most leases on the balance sheet and making certain changes to lessor accounting. | These ASUs are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. We adopted these standards using the modified retrospective approach effective January 1, 2019. | Our residential leases, where we are the lessor, will continue to be accounted for as operating leases under the new standards. As a result of adopting these standards, there were no significant changes in the accounting for lease revenue. For leases where we are the lessee, we recognized a right of use asset and lease liability of $889,000 and $1.0 million, respectively, on our consolidated balance sheets. There are also additional disclosures required under the new standard. Refer to the Leases section below for more information regarding the impact of adopting the standards on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2018-13, Fair Value Measurements (Topic 820) - Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirement for Fair Value Measurements | This ASU eliminates certain disclosure requirements affecting all levels of measurement, and modifies and adds new disclosure requirements for Level 3 measurements. | This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. | We are currently evaluating the impact the new standard may have on our disclosures.
ASU 2018-15, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Topic 350-40): Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract | This ASU reduces the complexity for the accounting for costs of implementing a cloud computing service arrangement. The standard aligns various requirements for capitalizing implementation costs. | This ASU is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. | We are currently evaluating the impact the new standard may have on our condensed consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2019-01, Leases (Topic 842) - Codification Improvements | This ASU provides clarification on various lease related issues and provides for reduced transition disclosure requirements. | This ASU has two effective dates. The various lease issues are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The transition disclosures are effective with the ASU 2016-02, Leases. We adopted this standard using the modified retrospective approach effective January 1, 2019. | The adoption of the standard did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. Refer to the Leases section below for transition disclosures.
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH
| (in thousands)
Balance sheet description | March 31, 2019 |  |  | March 31, 2018 |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 23,329 |  |  | $ | 24,422 |
Restricted cash | 4,819 |  |  | 4,053 |
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 28,148 |  |  | $ | 28,475 |
As of March 31, 2019, restricted cash consisted of $4.8 million of escrows held by lenders for real estate taxes, insurance, and capital additions. LEASES Effective January 1, 2019, we adopted ASUs 2016-02, 2018-10, 2018-11, 2018-20, and 2019-01 related to leases using the modified retrospective approach. We elected to adopt the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance, which permits us not to reassess prior conclusions about lease identification, classification, and initial direct costs under the new standard, and the practical expedient related to land easements, which allows us to not evaluate existing or expired land easements that were not previously accounted for under ASC 840. We made an accounting policy election to exclude leases in which we are a lessee with a term of 12 months or less from the balance sheet. As a lessor, we primarily lease multifamily apartment homes which qualify as operating leases with terms that are generally one year or less. Some of our apartment communities have commercial spaces available for lease. Lease terms for these spaces typically range from three to fifteen years. The leases for commercial spaces generally include options to extend the lease for additional terms. Many of our leases contain non-lease components for utility reimbursement from our residents and common area maintenance from our commercial tenants. We have elected the practical expedient to combine lease and non-lease components for all asset classes. The combined components are included in lease income and are accounted for under ASC 842. The following table shows the lease income recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.
|  | (in thousands)
|  | March 31, 2019 |  |  | March 31, 2018 |
Lease income - operating leases |  | $ | 44,826 |  |  | $ | 40,225 |
Non-lease components |  | — |  |  | 1,211 |
Total lease income - included in Revenue |  | $ | 44,826 |  |  | $ | 41,436 |
The aggregate amount of future scheduled lease income on our operating leases for commercial spaces, excluding any variable lease income and non-lease components, as of March 31, 2019, was as follows:
Year |  | (in thousands)
2019 (remainder) |  | $ | 2,751 |
2020 |  | 3,349 |
2021 |  | 3,356 |
2022 |  | 3,344 |
2023 |  | 3,108 |
Thereafter |  | 7,967 |
Total scheduled lease income - operating leases |  | $ | 23,875 |
REVENUES We adopted ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, as of May 1, 2018, using the modified retrospective approach. We elected to apply the new standard to contracts that were not complete as of May 1, 2018. We also elected to omit disclosing the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts with an original expected length of one year or less. Under the new standard, revenue is recognized in accordance with the transfer of goods and services to customers at an amount that reflects the consideration the company expects to be entitled for those goods and services. We primarily lease multifamily apartments under operating leases generally with terms of one year or less. Rental revenues are recognized in accordance with ASC 842, Leases, using a method that represents a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Rental income represents approximately 98.3% of our total revenues and includes gross market rent less adjustments for concessions, vacancy loss, and bad debt. Other property revenues represent the remaining 1.7% of our total revenue and are primarily driven by other fee income, which is typically recognized at a point in time. Revenue streams that are included in ASU 2014-09 include:
• | O ther property revenues: We recognize revenue for rental related income not included as a component of a lease, such as application fees, as earned, and have concluded that this is appropriate under the new standard.
• | Gains or losses on sales of real estate: Subsequent to the adoption of the new standard, a gain or loss is recognized when the criteria for derecognition of an asset are met, including when (1) a contract exists and (2) the buyer obtained control of the nonfinancial asset that was sold. As a result, we may recognize a gain on real estate disposition transactions that previously did not qualify as a sale or for full profit recognition under the previous accounting standard.
The following table presents the disaggregation of revenue streams for the three months ended March 31, 2019:
|  |  | (in thousands, except percentages)
|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Revenue Stream | Applicable Standard |  | Amount of Revenue |  | Percent of Revenue |
Rental revenue | Leases |  | $ | 44,826 |  | 98.3 | %
Other property revenue | Revenue from contracts with customers |  | 782 |  | 1.7 | %
Total Revenue |  |  | $ | 45,608 |  | 100.0 | %
IMPAIRMENT OF LONG-LIVED ASSETS We periodically evaluate our long-lived assets, including investments in real estate, for impairment indicators. The impairment evaluation is performed on assets by property such that assets for a property form an asset group. The judgments regarding the existence of impairment indicators are based on factors such as operational performance, market conditions, expected holding period of each asset group, and legal and environmental concerns. If indicators exist, we compare the expected future undiscounted cash flows for the long-lived asset group against the carrying amount of that asset group. If the sum of the estimated undiscounted cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset group, an impairment loss is recorded for the difference between the estimated fair value and the carrying amount of the asset group. If our anticipated holding period for properties, the estimated fair value of properties, or other factors change based on market conditions or otherwise, our evaluation of impairment charges may be different and such differences could be material to our consolidated financial statements. The evaluation of anticipated cash flows is subjective and is based, in part, on assumptions regarding future occupancy, rental rates, and capital requirements that could differ materially from actual results. Reducing planned property holding periods may increase the likelihood of recording impairment losses. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we recorded no impairment charges. MORTGAGE RECEIVABLE AND NOTES RECEIVABLE In August 2017, we sold 13 multifamily communities in exchange for cash and an $11.0 million note secured by a mortgage on the assets. As of March 31, 2019, the balance of the note was $10.3 million, with 12 communities remaining in the pool of assets used to secure the mortgage. The note bears an interest rate of 5.5% and matures in August 2020. Monthly payments are interest-only, with the principal balance payable at maturity. During the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, we received and recognized approximately $143,000 and $151,000 of interest income, respectively. In July 2017, we originated a $16.2 million loan in a multifamily development located in New Hope, MN, a Minneapolis suburb. As of July 31, 2018, we had funded the full initial loan balance, which appears in other assets on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets; however, we may fund additional amounts upon satisfaction of certain conditions set forth in the loan agreement. The note bears an interest rate of 6%, matures in July 2023, and provides us an option to purchase the development prior to the loan maturity date. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES We have determined that our Operating Partnership and each of our less-than-wholly owned real estate partnerships is a variable interest entity (“VIE”), as the limited partners or the functional equivalent of limited partners lack substantive kick-out rights and substantive participating rights. We are the primary beneficiary of the VIEs, and the VIEs are required to be consolidated on our balance sheet because we have a controlling financial interest in the VIEs and have both the power to direct the activities of the VIEs that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIEs as well as the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIEs that could potentially be significant to the VIEs. Because our Operating Partnership is a VIE, all of our assets and liabilities are held through a VIE.

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