<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001628280-20-006044.txt : 20200501
<SEC-HEADER>0001628280-20-006044.hdr.sgml : 20200501
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20200501134014
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001628280-20-006044
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		17
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20200427
ITEM INFORMATION:		Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year
ITEM INFORMATION:		Regulation FD Disclosure
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20200501
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20200501

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			INVESTORS REAL ESTATE TRUST
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0000798359
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS [6798]
		IRS NUMBER:				450311232
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			ND
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-35624
		FILM NUMBER:		20839890

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		1400 31ST AVENUE SW, SUITE 60
		STREET 2:		PO BOX 1988
		CITY:			MINOT
		STATE:			ND
		ZIP:			58702-1988
		BUSINESS PHONE:		701-837-4738

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		1400 31ST AVENUE SW, SUITE 60
		STREET 2:		PO BOX 1988
		CITY:			MINOT
		STATE:			ND
		ZIP:			58702-1988
</SEC-HEADER>
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style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;</span></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="overflow:hidden;height:18px;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;</span></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="overflow:hidden;height:18px;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:9pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;"><span><ix:nonNumeric id="d6066557e195-wk-Fact-F86E507E1D59570A9CDA3DEA16570B3D" name="dei:EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" contextRef="D2020Q2April27" format="ixt-sec:stateprovnameen">North 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style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:9pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;"><span><ix:nonNumeric id="d6066557e215-wk-Fact-4C97CD82A62B53F89BAD342B3FEB1B10" name="dei:EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" contextRef="D2020Q2April27">45-0311232</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:8pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:8pt;">(State or Other Jurisdiction</span></div><div style="padding-bottom:1px;text-align:center;font-size:8pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:8pt;">of Incorporation or Organization)</span></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;</span></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:8pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:8pt;">(Commission File Number)</span></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;</span></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="text-align:center;font-size:8pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:8pt;">(I.R.S. 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id="d6066557e374-wk-Fact-FECF1ED8D5B35321B22FEA1FF5CFBBE6" name="dei:SecurityExchangeName" contextRef="D2020Q2April27_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis_us-gaap_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember" format="ixt-sec:exchnameen">New York Stock Exchange</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></div></td></tr></table></div></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:13px;text-align:justify;font-size:9pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:9pt;">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:</span></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="padding-bottom:8px;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt;"><tr><td style="width:72px;"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top"><div style="line-height:120%;font-size:9pt;padding-left:48px;"><span><ix:nonNumeric id="d6066557e381-wk-Fact-4757A419B37059D9B08760946B7CB20B" name="dei:WrittenCommunications" contextRef="D2020Q2April27" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox"><span style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS;font-size:9pt;">&#9744;</span></ix:nonNumeric></span></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;font-size:9pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:9pt;">Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act </span></div></td></tr></table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="padding-bottom:8px;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt;"><tr><td style="width:72px;"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top"><div style="line-height:120%;font-size:9pt;padding-left:48px;"><span><ix:nonNumeric id="d6066557e389-wk-Fact-5E0D97720ADA52A6A315A6B13F7D2F33" name="dei:SolicitingMaterial" contextRef="D2020Q2April27" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox"><span style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS;font-size:9pt;">&#9744;</span></ix:nonNumeric></span></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;font-size:9pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:9pt;">Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act</span></div></td></tr></table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="padding-bottom:8px;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt;"><tr><td style="width:72px;"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top"><div style="line-height:120%;font-size:9pt;padding-left:48px;"><span><ix:nonNumeric id="d6066557e397-wk-Fact-41146DD84B9B5F88A9CDBFD212BCF294" name="dei:PreCommencementTenderOffer" contextRef="D2020Q2April27" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox"><span style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS;font-size:9pt;">&#9744;</span></ix:nonNumeric></span></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;font-size:9pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:9pt;">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act</span></div></td></tr></table><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="padding-bottom:8px;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt;"><tr><td style="width:72px;"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top"><div style="line-height:120%;font-size:9pt;padding-left:48px;"><span><ix:nonNumeric id="d6066557e405-wk-Fact-DE25835E33AB556EB87130A56D997AD9" name="dei:PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" contextRef="D2020Q2April27" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox"><span style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS;font-size:9pt;">&#9744;</span></ix:nonNumeric></span></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;font-size:9pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:9pt;">Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act</span></div></td></tr></table><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:6px;padding-top:6px;text-align:left;font-size:8pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:8pt;">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. </span></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:6px;padding-top:6px;text-align:left;font-size:9pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:8pt;">Emerging growth company </span><span><ix:nonNumeric id="d6066557e418-wk-Fact-46D6A8ACF9B2592BA85CE144984597F5" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany" contextRef="D2020Q2April27" format="ixt-sec:boolballotbox"><span style="font-family:Arial Unicode MS;font-size:9pt;">&#9744;</span></ix:nonNumeric></span><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:8pt;"> </span></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:left;font-size:9pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:8pt;">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards 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27, 2020, the Board of Trustees of Investors Real Estate Trust (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) approved amendments to the Company&#8217;s Sixth Restated Trustee&#8217;s Regulations (the &#8220;Bylaws&#8221;) to permit the Company&#8217;s annual and special meetings of shareholders to be held by any means of remote communication authorized by the State of North Dakota.  The Board also approved certain other clarifying changes to the Bylaws. In accordance with SEC regulations, the Bylaws, as amended, are filed herewith.</span></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;">Item 7.01.&#160;&#160;</span><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;">Regulation FD Disclosure.</span></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-indent:48px;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">On May 1, 2020, IRET issued a press release announcing a change in the Company&#8217;s 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders from an in-person meeting to a virtual-only meeting due to the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The press release announcing this change is attached hereto as Exhibit 99.1.</span></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:left;text-indent:48px;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">The information set forth in this Item 7.01, including Exhibit 99.1, is being furnished pursuant to Item&#160;7.01 and shall not be deemed "filed" for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that Section, and it shall not be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or under the Exchange Act, except as expressly provided by specific reference in such a filing. </span></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;">Item 9.01&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Financial Statements and Exhibits.</span></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:8px;text-align:justify;padding-left:72px;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">Exhibits</span></div><div style="line-height:120%;font-size:10pt;"><div style="padding-left:0px;text-indent:0px;line-height:normal;padding-top:10px;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left;"><tr><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td style="width:13%;"></td><td style="width:87%;"></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="overflow:hidden;height:1px;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;</span></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="overflow:hidden;height:1px;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="text-align:justify;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">Exhibit</span></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="text-align:justify;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">Number</span></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;border-bottom:1px solid #000000;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="text-align:justify;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">Description</span></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;border-top:1px solid #000000;"><div style="text-align:justify;font-size:10pt;"><a style="text-decoration:underline;color:#0000FF;-sec-extract:exhibit;" href="restatedbylaws.htm"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">3.1</span></a></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;border-top:1px solid #000000;"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><a style="text-decoration:underline;color:#0000FF;-sec-extract:exhibit;" href="restatedbylaws.htm"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">Seventh Restated Trustee&#8217;s Regulations (Bylaws) adopted April 27, 2020.</span></a></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><a style="text-decoration:underline;color:#0000FF;-sec-extract:exhibit;" href="iretvirtualshmeetingno.htm"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">99.1*</span></a></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><a style="text-decoration:underline;color:#0000FF;-sec-extract:exhibit;" href="iretvirtualshmeetingno.htm"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">Press Release dated May 1, 2020</span></a><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">.</span></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">101 </span></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL Document.</span></div></td></tr></table></div></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="padding-top:8px;font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt;"><tr><td style="width:24px;"></td><td></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top"><div style="line-height:120%;font-size:10pt;padding-left:0px;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">*</span></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;"><div style="line-height:120%;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">Filed herewith</span></div></td></tr></table><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:24px;text-indent:30px;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:13px;text-align:center;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"><br/></span></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:center;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;">SIGNATURE</span></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"><br/></span></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:left;text-indent:32px;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.</span></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"><br/></span></div><div style="line-height:120%;font-size:10pt;"><div style="padding-left:0px;text-indent:0px;line-height:normal;padding-top:10px;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="font-family:Times New Roman;font-size:10pt;width:98.559670781893%;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:left;"><tr><td colspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td style="width:45%;"></td><td style="width:4%;"></td><td style="width:51%;"></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="overflow:hidden;height:1px;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;</span></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="overflow:hidden;height:1px;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;</span></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="overflow:hidden;height:1px;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;</span></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;font-weight:bold;">INVESTORS REAL ESTATE TRUST</span></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="overflow:hidden;height:18px;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;</span></div></td><td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="overflow:hidden;height:18px;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;</span></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;</span></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">By</span></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;text-decoration:underline;">/s/ Mark O. Decker, Jr.</span></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;</span></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;</span></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">Mark O. Decker, Jr.</span></div></td></tr><tr><td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">Date:  April 22, 2020</span></div></td><td style="vertical-align:bottom;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="overflow:hidden;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;</span></div></td><td style="vertical-align:top;padding-left:2px;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px;padding-right:2px;"><div style="text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">President and Chief Executive Officer</span></div></td></tr></table></div></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:left;font-size:10pt;"><span style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;"><br/></span></div><div><br/></div>	</div></body>
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<TYPE>EX-3.1
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<FILENAME>restatedbylaws.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 3.1
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		<title>Exhibit</title>
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<div><a name="s8BF7439F1F7A2C701E55D119FAE2A420"></a></div><div></div><div><br></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;padding-top:64px;text-align:center;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;text-decoration:underline;">INVESTORS REAL ESTATE TRUST</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:center;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;text-decoration:underline;">Seventh Restated Trustees&#8217; Regulations (Bylaws)</font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#32;<br></font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">(Adopted April 27, 2020)</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:0px;padding-bottom:16px;padding-top:32px;text-align:center;text-indent:0px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;padding-top:32px;text-align:center;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;padding-right:96px;">ARTICLE I - </font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">OFFICE AND RECORDS</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 1.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Principal Office</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. The principal office of Investors Real Estate Trust (the &#8220;Trust&#8221;) shall be in Minot, North Dakota.  The Trust may also have offices at such other places as the Board of Trustees (the &#8220;Board&#8221;) may from time to time designate.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 2.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Availability of Bylaws.</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">&#32;The original or a certified copy of these Bylaws, including all amendments, shall be kept at the principal office of the Trust and be available during usual business hours for inspection and copying.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 3.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Books and Records</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. The Trust shall keep correct and complete books and records of accounts of its transactions, and minutes and other records of the proceedings or other actions of the Board and of any committees of the Board.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 4.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Shareholder Lists</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. The Trust shall maintain at its principal office, or at the office of its transfer agent, an original or duplicate share ledger containing the name and address of each shareholder and the number of shares of each class held by each shareholder.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;padding-top:32px;text-align:center;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">ARTICLE II - </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">TRUSTEES</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 1.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Number of Trustees</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. The number of Trustees shall not be less than 5, nor more than 15, as from time to time determined by the Board.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 2.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Chair of Board</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. The Board shall elect one of the Trustees as Chair of the Board, who shall act as chair at all meetings of the Board, and may perform administrative acts on behalf of the Board except to the extent that the Declaration of Trust or these Bylaws specifically require such acts to be performed by a majority of the Board. </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 3.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Vice Chair</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">.  The Board may elect one or more Trustees as a Vice Chair of the Board.  The First Vice Chair shall exercise the power and duties of the Chair in his or her absence or, in the case of a vacancy in that office, until a new Chair shall be elected.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 4.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Secretary</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. The Board shall elect a Secretary, who need not be a Trustee, who shall keep minutes and have the usual responsibilities of a secretary.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 5.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Regular Meetings</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. Regular meetings of the Board shall be held at such times as the Board determines, but not less frequently than each quarter.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 6.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Special Meetings</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. Special meetings of the Board shall be held whenever called by the Chair, or by any 3 other Trustees, at such time and place as may be designated in the notice of the meeting.</font></div><div><br></div><div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:center;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">1</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;"><br></font></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div></div><div><br></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 7.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Notice of Meetings</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. At least 24 hour written notice shall be given of the time and place of any regular or special meeting of the Board. If the notice is sent by mail or fax or electronic mail, it shall be deemed to have been given when deposited in the mail or transmitted by fax or by electronic mail directed to an address, telephone number or electronic mail address, as the case may be, which the Trustee has designated for the receipt of such notice.  Notice of an adjourned meeting need not be given if the time and place of the adjourned meeting are announced at the meeting at which such adjournment action is taken.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 8.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Quorum for Meetings</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. A majority of the Trustees in office shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.  The acts of a majority of the Trustees present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the acts of the Board.  The Trustees may, in lieu of a meeting, take any action which would be lawful if done at a meeting by having a certificate describing such action signed by all of the Trustees in office and depositing such certificate in the minute book of the Trust.  The Trustees shall be entitled to participate in meetings by telephone conference, video conference, or other means of electronic communications by which all members participating may simultaneously hear each other.  Participation in a meeting by these means shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 9.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Trustee Eligibility</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. Trustees must be individuals at least 21 years of age upon the date of the annual shareholder meeting at which such individual is elected as a Trustee.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;padding-top:32px;text-align:center;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">ARTICLE III - </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">SHAREHOLDERS</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 1.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Shareholder Meeting Location</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. Meetings of the shareholders shall be held at such place in Minot, North Dakota or elsewhere as may be determined by the Board or, in the sole discretion of the Board, by means of remote communication as authorized by the laws of North Dakota, as shall be stated in the notice of the meeting or in a duly executed waiver of notice thereof.   </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 2.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Annual Shareholder Meeting.</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">&#32;An annual meeting of shareholders for the election of Trustees shall be held within six months of the end of the Trust&#8217;s fiscal year, at such time and place as the Board shall from time to time fix or, in the sole discretion of the Board, by means of remote communication as authorized by the laws of North Dakota, as shall be stated in the notice of the meeting or in a duly executed waiver of notice thereof.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 3.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Special Shareholder Meeting.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">A.</font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">A special meeting of shareholders may be called by a majority of the Trustees or by the Chief Executive Officer. Except as provided in Section 3(B) below, a special meeting of shareholders shall be held on the date and at the time and place set by the Chief Executive Officer or the Board, whoever has called the meeting, or by means of remote communication as authorized by the laws of North Dakota, as shall be stated in the notice of the meeting or in a duly executed waiver of notice thereof. Subject to Section 3(B) below, a special meeting of shareholders shall also be called by the Secretary of the Trust to act on any matter that may properly be considered at a meeting of shareholders upon the valid written request of one or more shareholders who, in the aggregate, are holders of ten percent or more of the then </font></div><div><br></div><div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:center;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">2</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;"><br></font></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div></div><div><br></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">outstanding common shares entitled to vote on the matter(s) proposed to be voted on at such meeting (&#8220;Requisite Percentage&#8221;).</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">B.</font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Shareholder-Requested Special Meetings. </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;padding-left:48px;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">i.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">In order for any shareholder(s) to request a special meeting to act on any matter that may properly be considered at a meeting of shareholders:</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;padding-left:96px;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">(a) shareholders holding the Requisite Percentage shall submit a written notice of demand (&#8220;Special Meeting Request&#8221;) in proper form to the Secretary of the Trust at the Trust&#8217;s principal executive offices by registered mail, return receipt requested. Such Special Meeting Request shall be signed by shareholder(s) holding the Requisite Percentage, bearing the date of signature of each such shareholder. In addition, the Special Meeting Request shall include:</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;padding-left:144px;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">(1) &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;the information required by Section 6(A)(i) of Article III in the case of a proposal of business and Section 6(B)(i) of Article III in the case of a nomination of a Trustee as if such special meeting was an annual meeting; and</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;padding-left:144px;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">(2) &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;documentary evidence that the requesting shareholders collectively own, as of the time the Special Meeting Request is submitted to the Secretary, the Requisite Percentage.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;padding-left:144px;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">(3) &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;A shareholder that has requested the special meeting in response to a solicitation statement filed by another shareholder seeking support from the Requisite Percentage of shareholders for such special meeting pursuant to, and in accordance with, Section 14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (&#8220;Exchange Act&#8221;) (&#8220;Solicited Shareholder&#8221;) is not required to provide the information under Section 3(B)(i)(a)(1) above except: (A) information under Sections 6(A)(i)(a) and 6(B)(i)(a), as applicable, but only as to the name and address of the Solicited Shareholder, and (B) information under Sections 6(A)(i)(e) and 6(B)(i)(b), as applicable, but only as to the ownership, beneficially and of record, of Trust Securities by the Solicited Shareholder.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;padding-left:96px;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">(b)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;If any information submitted as part of a Special Meeting Request pursuant to this Section 3(B) becomes inaccurate in any material respect, the Special Meeting Request may be deemed not to have been provided in accordance with this Section 3(B). For the Special Meeting Request to remain valid, the requesting shareholders must:</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;padding-left:96px;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;"><br></font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:144px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(1)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">promptly notify the Secretary of any inaccuracy or change in the Special Meeting Request (but in any event no later than two business days after any requesting shareholder becomes aware of such inaccuracy or change), including if any requesting shareholders have withdrawn from the Special Meeting Request; and</font></div><div><br></div><div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:center;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">3</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;"><br></font></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div></div><div><br></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:144px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(2)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">promptly update and supplement the Special Meeting Request, as necessary, and deliver the revised Special Meeting Request to the Secretary (but in any event no later than five business days after any requesting shareholder becomes aware of such inaccuracy or change) so that the Special Meeting Request shall continue to be true, accurate and complete from the Delivery Date until the special meeting is held or any adjournment or postponement thereof.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;padding-left:96px;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">(c)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;When a Special Meeting Request in compliance with Section 3(B)(i) is received by the Secretary of the Trust for any matter that may properly be considered at a meeting of shareholders, the Secretary shall inform the requesting shareholders of the reasonably estimated costs of preparing and mailing or delivering the notice of the special meeting (including the Trust&#8217;s proxy materials) (&#8220;Costs&#8221;). The Secretary shall not be required to call a special meeting upon shareholder request and such meeting shall not be held unless, in addition to the documents required by paragraphs (a) and (b) above, the Secretary receives payment from the requesting shareholders of such Costs prior to the preparation and mailing or delivery of such notice of the meeting (the date on which the Secretary receives both a valid Special Meeting Request and payment of the Costs is the &#8220;Delivery Date&#8221;).</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;padding-left:96px;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;"><br></font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;padding-left:48px;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">ii. &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Any requesting shareholder may revoke its participation in any Special Meeting Request at any time prior to the special meeting by delivering a written revocation to the Secretary.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;padding-left:48px;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">iii. &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Upon the Trust&#8217;s determination that: (a) the requesting shareholders own the Requisite Percentage; (b) the requesting shareholders have validly submitted a Special Meeting Request in accordance with these Bylaws, the Declaration of Trust and applicable law, including payment of the Costs; and (c) there is at least one matter proposed in the Special Meeting Request that may properly be considered at a shareholder meeting, the Secretary shall, within 30 days after the Delivery Date, call the special meeting, which shall be held at the place, date and time determined by the Board that is no later than 90 days after the Delivery Date. The business conducted at such special meeting shall be limited to the matters proposed in the Special Meeting Request which are matters that may properly be considered at a meeting of shareholders; provided that the Board may include additional matters to be considered by the shareholders at the meeting by including those matters in the notice of the special meeting of shareholders.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;padding-left:48px;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">iv. &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;If written revocations of the Special Meeting Request have been delivered to the Secretary pursuant to Section 3(B)(ii), and the result is that the requesting shareholders who have not revoked no longer hold the Requisite Percentage, then the Board shall have the discretion to determine whether or not to proceed with the special meeting.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;padding-left:48px;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">v. &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Notwithstanding anything in this Section 3(B) to the contrary, the Secretary shall not be required to call a special meeting if either: (a) the Delivery Date </font></div><div><br></div><div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:center;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">4</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;"><br></font></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div></div><div><br></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;padding-left:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">occurs during the period commencing ninety (90)&#160;days prior to the first anniversary of the date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of shareholders and ending on the date of the final adjournment of the next annual meeting of shareholders; or (b) the only matter to be voted on at the special meeting is substantially the same as a matter voted on at any meeting of the shareholders held during the preceding twelve months, except if the matter relates to the election or removal of Trustees.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;padding-left:48px;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">vi. &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;If neither any of the requesting shareholders is physically present at, nor a qualified representative representing the requesting shareholders at their request is physically present at, the special meeting to present the matters proposed in the Special Meeting Request and included in the Trust&#8217;s notice of meeting, the Trust is not required to present such matters for a vote at such meeting.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 4.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Notice of Shareholder Meetings</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. Notice, in writing or by a form of electronic transmission in compliance with the laws of North Dakota, setting forth the date, time and place, and means of remote communication, if any, of each annual meeting and, in the case of a special meeting or as otherwise may be required by law, the purpose(s) for which the meeting is called shall be given to each shareholder of record at least 15 days prior to the date fixed for the meeting.  Notice of any meeting of shareholders sent by mail shall be deemed given when it is deposited in the mail addressed to the shareholder at the address appearing on the records of the Trust.  Notice of an adjourned meeting need not be given if the time and place of the adjourned meeting is announced at the meeting at which the adjournment action is taken. </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 5.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Order of Business at Shareholder Meetings.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">A.</font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Annual Meetings of Shareholders</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. At any annual meeting of the shareholders, only such nominations of persons for election to the Board shall be made and only such other business shall be conducted or considered, as shall have been properly brought before the meeting.  For nominations to be properly made at an annual meeting, and proposals of other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting, nominations and proposals of other business must be: (i) specified in the Trust&#8217;s notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board, (ii) otherwise properly made at the annual meeting by or at the direction of the Board, or (iii) otherwise properly requested to be brought before the annual meeting by a shareholder who (x) was a shareholder of record at the time of giving of notice provided for in Section 6 of this Article III and at the time of the annual meeting, (y) is entitled to vote at such annual meeting and (z) has complied with the notice procedures set forth in Section 6 of this Article III, specifically including Section 6(A) in the case of a proposal of other business and Section 6(B) in the case of a nomination of a Trustee.  In addition, any shareholder proposal of other business to be voted on at an annual meeting must be a matter that may properly be considered at a meeting of shareholders. For the avoidance of doubt, clause (iii) of this Section 5(A) shall be the exclusive means for a shareholder to make nominations or other business proposals at an annual meeting of shareholders other than business properly included in the Trust&#8217;s proxy materials pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act.</font></div><div><br></div><div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:center;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">5</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;"><br></font></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div></div><div><br></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">B.</font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Special Meetings of Shareholders</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. At any special meeting of the shareholders, only such nominations of persons for election to the Board shall be made and only such business shall be conducted or considered as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. For nominations to be properly made at a special meeting, and proposals of business to be properly brought before a special meeting, nominations and proposals of business must be (i) specified in the Trust&#8217;s notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board or other persons who called such meeting in accordance with Article III, Section 3; (ii) otherwise properly brought before the special meeting by or at the direction of the Board; or (iii) if the Trust&#8217;s notice of meeting provides for the election of Trustees, shareholder nominations of persons for election to the Board otherwise properly requested to be brought before the special meeting by a shareholder who (x) was a shareholder of record at the time of giving of notice provided for in Section 6 of this Article III and at the time of the special meeting, (y) is entitled to vote at the special meeting and (z) has complied with the notice procedures set forth in Section 6 of this Article III, specifically including Section 6(B) for nomination of Trustees.  For the avoidance of doubt, this Section 5(B) of Article III shall be the exclusive means for a shareholder to make nominations or other business proposals at a special meeting of shareholders other than business properly included in the Trust&#8217;s proxy materials pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">C.</font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">General</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">.  Except as otherwise provided by law, the Declaration of Trust or these Bylaws, the chair of the meeting shall have the power to determine whether a nomination or any other business proposed to be brought before an annual or special meeting was made or proposed, as the case may be, in accordance with these Bylaws and, if any proposed nomination or other business is not in compliance with these Bylaws, to declare that no action shall be taken on such nomination or other proposal and such nomination or other proposal shall be disregarded.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 6.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Shareholder Proposals and Nominations.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">A.</font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Shareholder Proposals</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. For shareholder proposals for other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting pursuant to Section 5(A)(iii) of Article III, the shareholder, or beneficial owner on whose behalf the proposal is made (&#8220;Requesting Shareholder&#8221;), shall submit a timely written notice (&#8220;Proposal Notice&#8221;) in proper form to the Secretary of the Trust at the Trust&#8217;s principal executive offices by registered mail, return receipt requested. Such Proposal Notice shall be signed by a shareholder entitled to submit a Proposal Notice under these Bylaws, bearing the date of signature of such shareholder. The date on which the Secretary receives a valid and complete Proposal Notice is referred to as the &#8220;Proposal Delivery Date.&#8221; The requirements of the Proposal Notice shall be as follows:</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;padding-left:48px;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">i. &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Proposal Notice</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. The written Proposal Notice shall include: </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:96px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(a)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">the name and address of such shareholder as it appears on the Trust&#8217;s books, of such beneficial owner, if any, and of their respective affiliates or associates or others acting in concert therewith (collectively referred to as &#8220;Shareholder Group&#8221;), and the name of each nominee or similar custodian which holds any such shares or other securities of the Trust on behalf of such Shareholder Group (&#8220;Custodian&#8221;);</font></div><div><br></div><div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:center;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">6</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;"><br></font></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div></div><div><br></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:96px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(b)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting, the reason(s) for conducting such business at the meeting and any material interest of the Shareholder Group in the proposal of such business; </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:96px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(c)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">a description of all agreements, arrangements and understandings between the Shareholder Group and any other person(s) (including their names) in connection with the proposal of such business by the Requesting Shareholder;</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:96px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(d)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">the text of the proposal or business (including the text of any resolutions proposed for consideration); </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:96px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(e)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">the class, series and number of all shares of beneficial interest and other securities of the Trust and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as &#8220;Trust Securities&#8221;) which are, directly or indirectly, owned beneficially and of record by the Shareholder Group and by each Custodian, or any other agreement relating to the Trust Securities, including any of the following:</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:144px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(1)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">any option, warrant, convertible security, stock appreciation right or similar right with an exercise or conversion privilege or a settlement payment or mechanism at a price related to any Trust Securities or with a value derived in whole or in part from the value of any Trust Securities, or any derivative or synthetic arrangement having the characteristics of a long position in any Trust Securities, or any contract, derivative, swap or other transaction or series of transactions designed to produce economic benefits and risks that correspond substantially to the ownership of any Trust Securities, including due to the fact that the value of such contract, derivative, swap or other transaction or series of transactions is determined by reference to the price, value or volatility of any Trust Securities, whether or not such instrument, contract or right shall be subject to settlement in the underlying Trust Securities, through the delivery of cash or other property, or otherwise, and without regard of whether the Shareholder Group may have entered into transactions that hedge or mitigate the economic effect of such instrument, contract or right or any other direct or indirect opportunity to profit or share in any profit derived from any increase or decrease in the value of Trust Securities (any of the foregoing, a &#8220;Derivative Instrument&#8221;) directly or indirectly owned beneficially by such Shareholder Group;</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:144px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(2)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">any proxy (other than a revocable proxy or consent given in response to a solicitation made pursuant to, and in accordance with, Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act by way of a solicitation statement filed on Schedule 14A), contract, arrangement or understanding pursuant to which the Shareholder Group has a right to vote any Trust Securities;</font></div><div><br></div><div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:center;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">7</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;"><br></font></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div></div><div><br></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:144px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(3)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">any agreement, arrangement, understanding or otherwise, including any repurchase or similar so-called &#8220;stock borrowing&#8221; agreement or arrangement, engaged in, directly or indirectly, by the Shareholder Group, the purpose or effect of which is to mitigate loss to, reduce the economic risk (of ownership or otherwise) of any Trust Securities by, manage the risk of share price changes for, or increase or decrease the voting power of, such Shareholder Group with respect to any Trust Securities, or which provides, directly or indirectly, the opportunity to profit or share in any profit derived from any decrease in the price or value of any Trust Securities;</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:144px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(4)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">&#32;any rights to dividends or other distributions on any Trust Securities owned beneficially by the Shareholder Group that are separated or separable from the underlying Trust Securities; </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:144px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(5)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">any proportionate interest in any Trust Securities or Derivative Instruments held, directly or indirectly, by a general or limited partnership in which the Requesting Shareholder is a general partner or, directly or indirectly, beneficially owns an interest in a general partner of such general or limited partnership; </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:144px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(6)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">any performance-related fees (other than an asset-based fee) to which the Requesting Shareholder is entitled based on any increase or decrease in the value of Trust Securities or Derivative Instruments, if any; and</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:144px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(7)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">any direct or indirect interest of the Requesting Shareholder in any contract with the Trust or any affiliate of the Trust (including any collective bargaining agreement); and </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:96px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(f)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">any other information relating to the Requesting Shareholder that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the proposal pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;padding-left:48px;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">(ii)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">&#32;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Timely Notice</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. For the Proposal Notice to be timely: </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;padding-left:96px;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">(a) &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;the Proposal Delivery Date of the Proposal Notice shall be no earlier than the close of business on the 120th day and no later than the close of business on the 90th day prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year&#8217;s annual meeting.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:96px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(b)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">Notwithstanding the above, in the event that the date of the annual meeting is more than 30 days before or more than 60 days after such anniversary date, the Proposal Delivery Date of the Proposal Notice must be no earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to the date of such annual meeting and no later than the close of business on the later of the 90th day prior to the </font></div><div><br></div><div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:center;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">8</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;"><br></font></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div></div><div><br></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:96px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">date of such annual meeting or, if the first public announcement of the date of such annual meeting is less than 100 days prior to the date of such annual meeting, no later than by the 10th day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made by the Trust. </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:96px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(c)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">In no event shall any adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting, or the public announcement thereof, commence a new time period for the giving of a Proposal Notice.  </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:48px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(iii)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Update Requirement</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. If any information submitted as part of a Proposal Notice pursuant to this Section 6(A) becomes inaccurate in any material respect, such information may be deemed not to have been provided in accordance with this Section 6(A). For a Proposal Notice to remain valid, the Requesting Shareholder must: </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:96px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(a)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">promptly notify the Secretary of any inaccuracy or change in the Proposal Notice (but in any event no later than two business days after the Requesting Shareholder becomes aware of such inaccuracy or change); and </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:96px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(b)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">promptly update and supplement the Proposal Notice, as necessary, and deliver the revised Proposal Notice to the Secretary (but in any event no later than five business days after the Requesting Shareholder becomes aware of such inaccuracy or change) so that the Proposal Notice shall continue to be true, accurate and complete from the Notice Delivery Date until the meeting is held or any adjournment or postponement thereof. </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:48px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(iv)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Present at the Meeting</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. If neither the Requesting Shareholder who has given proper and timely notice as required herein is physically present at, nor a qualified representative representing the Requesting Shareholder at its request is physically present at, the meeting to present the business proposal proposed in the Proposal Notice, the Trust is not required to present such business proposal for a vote at such meeting. If the Requesting Shareholder who has given proper and timely notice as required herein intends to authorize another person to act for the Requesting Shareholder as a proxy to present the business proposal at the meeting, the Requesting Shareholder shall give notice of such authorization in writing to the Secretary not less than three business days before the date of the meeting, including the name and contact information for such person. </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">B.</font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Shareholder Nominations</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. For a shareholder nomination of a person for election to the Board to be properly brought before an annual meeting pursuant to Section 5(A)(iii) of Article III or before a special meeting pursuant to Section 5(B)(iii) of Article III, the Requesting Shareholder shall submit a timely written notice (&#8220;Nomination Notice&#8221;) in proper form to the Secretary of the Trust at the Trust&#8217;s principal executive offices by registered mail, return receipt requested. Such Nomination Notice shall be signed by a shareholder entitled to submit a Nomination Notice under these Bylaws, bearing the date of signature of such shareholder. The date on which the Secretary receives a valid and complete Nomination Notice is referred to as the &#8220;Nomination Delivery Date&#8221;. The requirements of the Nomination Notice shall be as follows:</font></div><div><br></div><div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:center;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">9</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;"><br></font></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div></div><div><br></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;padding-left:48px;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">i. &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Nomination Notice</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. The written Nomination Notice shall include: </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:96px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(a)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">the same information as specified under Section 6(A)(i)(a) for the Shareholder Group submitting the Nomination Notice and Custodian to such Shareholder Group, </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:96px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(b)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">and same information as specified under Section 6(A)(i)(e) for the Shareholder Group submitting the Nomination Notice;</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:96px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(c)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">as to each person whom the Requesting Shareholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection to the Board (&#8220;Nominee&#8221;), all information relating to such Nominee that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of Trustees in a contested election pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:96px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(d)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">as to each Nominee, a description of all direct and indirect compensation and other material monetary agreements, arrangements and understandings during the past three years, and any other material relationships, between or among the Shareholder Group on the one hand and each Nominee, and the Nominee&#8217;s respective affiliates and associates, or others acting in concert therewith, on the other hand, including, without limitation, all information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K if the Shareholder Group were the &#8220;registrant&#8221; for purposes of such rule and the Nominee were a Trustee or executive officer of such registrant;</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:96px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(e)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">&#32;as to each Nominee, the Nominee&#8217;s written consent to being named in the Trust&#8217;s proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a Trustee if elected;</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:96px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(f)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">a questionnaire completed, signed and dated by each Nominee with respect to the Nominee&#8217;s background and qualifications (which questionnaire shall be provided to the Requesting Shareholder by the Secretary upon written request); </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:96px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(g)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">written representations signed and dated by each Nominee, whereby each Nominee shall represent that Nominee: (1) is not and will not become a party to (A) any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to how such Nominee, if elected as a Trustee, will act or vote on any issue or question (a &#8220;Voting Commitment&#8221;) that has not been disclosed to the Trust therein or (B) any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with the Nominee&#8217;s ability to comply, if elected as a Trustee, with the Nominee&#8217;s fiduciary duties under applicable law; (2) is not and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the Trust with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with service or action as a Trustee that has not been disclosed to the Trust therein; and (3) in Nominee&#8217;s individual capacity and </font></div><div><br></div><div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:center;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">10</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;"><br></font></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div></div><div><br></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:96px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">on behalf of any person or entity on whose behalf the nomination is being made, would be in compliance if elected as a Trustee of the Trust and will comply with all applicable corporate governance, conflict of interest, resignation, confidentiality, share ownership and trading policies and guidelines of the Trust publicly disclosed from time to time; and</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:96px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(h)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">any other information that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the election of Trustees in a contested election (even if an election contest is not involved) pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;padding-left:48px;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">&#32;(ii)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">&#32;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;Timely Notice</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. For the Nomination Notice to be timely: </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:96px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(a)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">in regards to an annual meeting, the Nomination Delivery Date of the Nomination Notice must be by the time frames as provided under Section 6(A)(ii) above; provided, however, in the event that the number of Trustees to be elected to the Board at such annual meeting is increased by the Board, and there is no public announcement by the Trust naming all of the nominees for Trustee or specifying the size of the increased Board at least 100 days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year&#8217;s annual meeting, then the Nomination Notice shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for any new positions created by such increase, if it shall be delivered to the Secretary not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the day on which such public announcement is first made by the Trust.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:96px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(b)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">in regards to a special meeting, the Nomination Delivery Date of the Nomination Notice shall be no earlier than the close of business on the 100th day prior to the date of such special meeting and no later than the close of business on the later of the 60th day prior to the date of such special meeting or, if the first public announcement of the date of such special meeting is less than 70 days prior to the date of such special meeting, no later than by the 10th day following the day on which public announcement is first made of the date of the special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the Board to be elected at such meeting. </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:96px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(c)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">In no event shall any adjournment or postponement of annual or special meeting, or the public announcement thereof, commence a new time period for the giving of a Nomination Notice as described above.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;padding-left:48px;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">(iii) &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Update Requirement</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. If any information submitted as part of a Nomination Notice pursuant to this Section 6(B) becomes inaccurate in any material respect, such information may be deemed not to have been provided in accordance with this Section 6(B). For a Nomination Notice to remain valid, the Requesting Shareholder must: </font></div><div><br></div><div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:center;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">11</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;"><br></font></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div></div><div><br></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:96px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(a)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">promptly notify the Secretary of any inaccuracy or change in the Nomination Notice (but in any event no later than two business days after the Requesting Shareholder becomes aware of such inaccuracy or change); and </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:96px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(b)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">promptly update and supplement the Nomination Notice, as necessary, and deliver the revised Nomination Notice to the Secretary (but in any event no later than five business days after the Requesting Shareholder becomes aware of such inaccuracy or change) so that the Nomination Notice shall continue to be true, accurate and complete from the Delivery Date until the meeting is held or any adjournment or postponement thereof. </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;padding-left:48px;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">(iv)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Eligibility</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. The Trust may require any proposed Nominee to furnish such other information as may be reasonably required by the Trust or the Board to determine the eligibility of such proposed Nominee to serve as an independent Trustee of the Trust or that could be material to a reasonable shareholder&#8217;s understanding of the independence, or lack thereof, of such Nominee. </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;padding-left:48px;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;"><br></font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-left:48px;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;"><font style="padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;padding-right:48px;">(v)</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Present at the Meeting</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. If neither a Requesting Shareholder who has given proper and timely notice as required herein is physically present at, nor a qualified representative representing the Requesting Shareholder at its request is physically present at, the meeting to present the Nominee(s) as proposed in the Nominee Notice, the Trust is not required to present such Nominees for election at such meeting. If a Requesting Shareholder who has given proper and timely notice as required herein intends to authorize another person to act for the Requesting Shareholder as a proxy to present the nomination at the meeting, the Requesting Shareholder shall give notice of such authorization in writing to the Secretary not less than three business days before the date of the meeting, including the name and contact information for such person. </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">C.</font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Compliance with Securities Exchange Act</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. Notwithstanding Sections 6(A) and (B) of this Article III, a shareholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Section 6; </font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;text-decoration:underline;">provided</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">, </font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;text-decoration:underline;">however</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">, that any references in these Bylaws to the Exchange Act or the rules promulgated thereunder are not intended to and shall not limit the requirements applicable to shareholder nominations or proposals under these Bylaws.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">D.</font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Proper Proposal</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. Any shareholder proposal for other business made pursuant to a Proposal Notice under Section 6(A) must be a matter that may properly be considered at a meeting of shareholders. </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">E.</font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Disclosure of Ordinary Business Activities</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. Notwithstanding the disclosure requirements of Sections 6(A) and (B) of this Article III, disclosures with respect to ordinary course business activities of any broker, dealer, commercial bank, trust company or other nominee who is a shareholder solely as a result of being the shareholder of record or nominee&#160;directed to prepare and submit the notice required by Sections 6(A) and (B) of this Article III, as the case may be, on behalf of a beneficial owner will not be required.</font></div><div><br></div><div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:center;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">12</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;"><br></font></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div></div><div><br></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">F.</font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Other Shareholder Rights</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. Nothing in this Article III shall be deemed to affect any (1) rights of shareholders to request inclusion of proposals in, or the right of the Trust to omit a proposal from, the Trust&#8217;s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">&#32;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">or (2) rights of the holders of any series of preferred shares of the Trust if and to the extent provided for under law, the Declaration of Trust or these Bylaws. </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 7.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Conduct of Shareholder Meetings</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. Every annual and special meeting of shareholders shall be conducted by an individual appointed by the Board to be chair of the meeting or, in the absence of such appointment, by the Chair of the Board or, in the case of a vacancy in the office or absence of the Chair of the Board, by one of the following officers present at the meeting: the Vice Chair of the Board, if there be one, the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Operating Officer, the Chief Financial Officer, the President, the Executive Vice Presidents and the Senior Vice Presidents in their order of rank and seniority, or, in the absence of such officers, a chair chosen by the shareholders by the vote of a majority of the votes cast by shareholders present in person or by proxy.  The Secretary, or, in the Secretary&#8217;s absence, an assistant secretary, or in the absence of both the Secretary and assistant secretaries, an individual appointed by the Board or, in the absence of such appointment, an individual appointed by the chair of the meeting shall act as secretary.  The Board may adopt rules, regulations and procedures governing any meeting of shareholders.  The order of business and all other matters of procedure at any meeting of shareholders shall be determined by the chair of the meeting. The chair of the meeting may, to the extent not inconsistent with any rules, regulations and procedures adopted by the Board, prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and take such action as, in the discretion of such chair, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting, including, without limitation, (a)&#160;restricting admission to the time set for the commencement of the meeting; (b)&#160;limiting attendance at the meeting to shareholders of record of the Trust, their duly authorized proxies or other such individuals as the chair of the meeting may determine; (c)&#160;limiting participation at the meeting on any matter to shareholders of record of the Trust entitled to vote on such matter, their duly authorized proxies and other such individuals as the chair of the meeting may determine; (d)&#160;limiting the time allotted to questions or comments by participants; (e)&#160;determining when the polls should be opened and closed; (f)&#160;maintaining order and security at the meeting; (g)&#160;removing any shareholder or any other individual who refuses to comply with meeting rules, regulations or procedures as set forth by the Board or the chair of the meeting; and (h)&#160;concluding the meeting or recessing or adjourning the meeting to a later date and time and place announced at the meeting. Unless otherwise determined by the chair of the meeting, meetings of shareholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 8.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Quorum</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. Thirty-three and one-third percent (33&#160;1/3%) of the outstanding shares entitled to vote at any meeting represented in person or by proxy shall constitute a quorum at such meeting.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 9.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Proxies</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. Proxies shall be executed in writing and filed with such officer or office of the Trust as may be designated in the notice of the meeting.  No revocation of a proxy, whether by voluntary action, death or incapacity of the shareholder granting it or otherwise, shall be effective until notice thereof has been received by the Trust.</font></div><div><br></div><div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:center;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">13</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;"><br></font></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div></div><div><br></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 10.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Judges of Election</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. The Board may appoint one or more judges of election, who need not be shareholders, to act at meetings of shareholders.  If a judge of election fails to appear or refuses to act at a meeting, the Chair or other person designated to preside at the meeting of the shareholders shall appoint a substitute judge of election.  The judge of election shall determine the number of outstanding shares of the Trust as of the applicable record date, the number of shares represented at the meeting, the existence of a quorum, and all questions relating to voting, and shall count the votes and shall determine the results of any voting.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 11.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Record Date</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. For any lawful purpose, including, but without being limited thereto, the determination of the shareholders who are entitled to (a) receive notice of and vote at a meeting of the shareholders; (b) receive payment of a distribution; and (c) participate in the execution of written approvals, the Board may fix a record date which shall not be earlier than the date on which the record date is fixed, and shall not be more than 90 days preceding the meeting, payment, final date of written approvals or waivers, or other event to which the record date relates.  If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining the shareholders who are entitled to receive notice of or to vote at a meeting of the shareholders shall be the close of business on the twentieth day prior to the date of the meeting.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 12.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Action at a Meeting</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. Only to the extent authorized by the Declaration of Trust and permitted by applicable law, action required or permitted to be taken at any annual or special meeting of shareholders may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding shares entitled to vote having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted. </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">In the event of the delivery, as required by law, to the Trust of the requisite written consent or consents to take corporate action and/or any related revocation or revocations, the Trust shall engage independent inspectors of election for the purpose of performing promptly a ministerial review of the validity of the consents and revocations.  For the purpose of permitting the inspectors to perform such review, no action by written consent without a meeting shall be effective until the date as the independent inspectors certify to the Trust that the consents properly delivered to the Trust represent at least the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to take the corporate action.  Nothing contained in this Section 12 shall in any way be construed to suggest or imply that the Trust, the Board or any shareholder shall not be entitled to contest the validity of any consent or revocation thereof, whether before or after the certification by the independent inspectors, or to take any other action (including, without limitation, the commencement, prosecution or defense of any litigation with respect thereto, and the seeking of injunctive relief in the litigation).</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">Every written consent shall bear the date of signature of each shareholder who signs the consent and no written consent shall be effective to take the corporate action referred to therein unless, within 60 days of the earliest dated consent received in accordance with applicable law, a written consent or consents signed by a sufficient number of holders to take such action are delivered to the Trust as required by law.</font></div><div><br></div><div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:center;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">14</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;"><br></font></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div></div><div><br></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;padding-top:32px;text-align:center;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">ARTICLE IV - </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">OFFICERS</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 1.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Officers</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. The officers of the Trust may consist of a Chief Executive Officer, a President, a Chief Operating Officer, a Chief Financial Officer, one or more Vice Presidents (including Vice Presidents of varying degrees, such as Executive, Senior, or Regional Vice Presidents), and a Secretary.  The Board may also appoint such other officers as the business of the Trust may require, each of whom shall have such authority and perform such duties as may be prescribed by the Board or the Chief Executive Officer from time to time.  The officers of the Trust shall be appointed annually by the Board at the first meeting of the Board held after each annual meeting of shareholders, or as soon thereafter as may be convenient.  Any two or more offices may be held by the same person.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 2.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Chief Executive Officer</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">.  The Chief Executive Officer shall have general responsibility for implementation of the policies of the Trust, as determined by the Board, and for the management of the business and affairs of the Trust.  The Chief Executive Officer shall perform all duties incident to the office of Chief Executive Officer, and such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board from time to time.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 3.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">President</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">.  The President shall in general supervise and control all of the business and affairs of the Trust.  The President shall perform all duties incident to the office of President, and such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board or the Chief Executive Officer from time to time.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 4.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Chief Operating Officer</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">.  The Chief Operating Officer shall supervise the operations of the Trust.  The Chief Operating Officer shall perform all duties incident to the office of Chief Operating Officer, and such other duties as determined by the Board or the Chief Executive Officer from time to time.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 5.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Chief Financial Officer</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">.  The Chief Financial Officer shall supervise the finance, treasury and accounting functions of the Trust.  The Chief Financial Officer shall perform all duties incident to the office of Chief Financial Officer, and such other duties as determined by the Board or the Chief Executive Officer from time to time.  The Chief Financial Officer shall be the Treasurer of the Trust unless the Board designates another person to be the Treasurer.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 6.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Vice Presidents</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">.  Vice Presidents shall perform all duties incident to the office of Vice President, and such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board or the Chief Executive Officer from time to time.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 7.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Secretary</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">.  The Secretary shall (a) keep the minutes of the proceedings of the shareholders, the Board, and the committees in appropriate minute books, (b) see that all notices are duly given in accordance with these Bylaws or as required by law, (c) be the custodian of the corporate records of the Trust, and (d) perform all duties incident to the office of Secretary, and such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board or the Chief Executive Officer from time to time.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 8.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Execution of Contracts</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. Unless prohibited by a resolution of the Board or these Bylaws, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Chief Operating Officer, the </font></div><div><br></div><div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:center;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">15</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;"><br></font></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div></div><div><br></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">Chief Financial Officer, any Vice President, and the Secretary may execute any contracts, leases, or other documents requiring execution by the Trust.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 9.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Authority</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. All officers and agents of the Trust, as between themselves and the Trust, have such authority and must perform such duties in the management of the Trust as may be provided in the Bylaws, or as may be determined by the Board not inconsistent with the Bylaws.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 10.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Succession</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. Each officer shall serve until the officer&#8217;s successor is appointed and qualifies, or until the officer&#8217;s death, resignation, or removal in the manner hereinafter provided.  An officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the Trust.  The resignation is effective without acceptance when the notice is given to the Trust, unless a later effective date is specified in the notice.  The Board may remove an officer at any time, with or without cause.  A vacancy in an office because of death, resignation, removal, disqualification, or other cause may be filled, if at all, in any manner by the Board.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 11.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Contract Rights</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. The appointment of a person as an officer or agent does not, of itself, create contract rights.  However, the Trust may enter into a contract with an officer or agent.  The resignation or removal of an officer or agent is without prejudice to any contractual rights or obligations.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 12.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Delegation of Duties</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. Unless prohibited by a resolution of the Board, an officer appointed by the Board may, without the approval of the Board, delegate some or all of the duties and powers of an office to other persons.  An officer who delegates the duties or powers of an office remains subject to the standard of conduct for an officer with respect to the discharge of all duties and powers so delegated.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;padding-top:32px;text-align:center;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">ARTICLE V - </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">COMMITTEES</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 1.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Executive Committee.</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">&#32;&#32;The Board may annually appoint an Executive Committee consisting of at least 3 Trustees.  The Executive Committee shall have the authority and duties prescribed in these Bylaws and such other authority and duties as may be prescribed by the Board.  The Board may designate one or more Trustees as an alternative member of the Executive Committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee.  The Board may also appoint other agents for the performance of the business of the Trust, and each shall have such authority and duties as the Board prescribes.  The Executive Committee may act on behalf of the Board.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 2.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Audit Committee.</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">&#32;&#32;At least annually, the Board shall appoint an Audit Committee consisting of at least 3 Trustees, all of whom shall be Independent Trustees.  The Board may designate one or more Trustees as an alternative member of the Audit Committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee.  The Audit Committee shall perform all duties as set forth in the written Audit Committee Charter as amended by the Board from time to time, and such other duties and tasks as the Board may prescribe.</font></div><div><br></div><div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:center;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">16</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;"><br></font></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div></div><div><br></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 3.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Nominating and Governance Committee.</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">&#32;&#32;At least annually, the Board shall appoint a Nominating and Governance Committee consisting of at least 3 Trustees, all of whom shall be Independent Trustees.  The Board may designate one or more Trustees as an alternative member of the Nominating and Governance Committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee.  The Nominating and Governance Committee shall perform all duties as set forth in the written Nominating and Governance Committee Charter as amended by the Board from time to time, and such other duties and tasks as the Board may prescribe.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 4.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Compensation Committee.</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">&#32;&#32;At least annually, the Board shall appoint a Compensation Committee consisting of at least 3 Trustees, all of whom shall be Independent Trustees.  The Board may designate one or more Trustees as an alternative member of the Compensation Committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. The Compensation Committee shall perform all duties as set forth in the written Compensation Committee Charter as amended by the Board from time to time, and such other duties and tasks as the Board may prescribe.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 5.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Other Committees.</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">&#32;&#32;The Board may appoint such other standing or special committees, each consisting of one or more Trustees, as the Board may from time to time deem advisable, to perform such general or special duties as the Board may delegate to any such committee.  The Board may designate one or more Trustees as an alternative member of any committee appointed pursuant to this Section 5, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of such committee.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 6.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Quorum and Voting.</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">&#32;&#32;Subject to such terms as may appear in the delegation of authority to such committee (which may be contained in the charter for such committee), a majority of the members of any committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business by such committee, and the act of a majority of the committee members present at a meeting shall constitute the act of the committee.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 7.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Action by Committee Without a Meeting.</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">&#32;&#32;Subject to such terms as may appear in the delegation of authority to such committee (which may be contained in the charter for such committee), any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of a committee may be taken without a meeting if all members of the committee consent to taking such action without a meeting, and the action is approved by the affirmative vote of the number of committee members that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 8.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Meetings by Electronic Communications Equipment.</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">&#32;&#32;Members of any committee shall be entitled to participate in meetings of such committee by telephone conference, video conference, or other communications equipment by which all members participating may simultaneously hear each other.  Participation in a meeting by these means shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;padding-top:32px;text-align:center;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">ARTICLE VI - </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">SHARES</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 1.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Share Certificates</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. The interests of shareholders in the Trust shall be divided into shares of beneficial interest, which may be certificated or uncertificated.  Any </font></div><div><br></div><div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:center;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">17</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;"><br></font></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div></div><div><br></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">certificate representing shares shall state (a) that it represents shares in the Trust; (b) the name of the registered owner of the shares represented thereby; and (c) the number of shares which the certificate represents.  The interest of a shareholder in the Trust also may be evidenced by registration in the holder&#8217;s name in uncertificated, book-entry form on the books of the Trust in accordance with a direct registration system approved by the Securities and Exchange Commission and by any securities exchange or automated quotation system on which the Trust&#8217;s shares may from time to time be quoted or listed.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 2.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Authority to Sign Share Certificates</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. Each share certificate shall be signed by a duly authorized agent of the Trust; </font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-style:italic;">provided, however</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">, that such signature may be a facsimile signature on any certificate which contains the manual signature of a person authorized to sign on behalf of a transfer agent acting for the Trust.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 3.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Transfer of Shares</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. Shares may be transferred only by the registered owner of the shares as reflected on the Share Ledger of the Trust, or by an attorney duly authorized in writing by the registered owner.  If such shares are issued in certificated form, then those shares may be transferred only upon surrender of the share certificate properly endorsed, which certificate shall be canceled at the time of transfer, and the Trust shall issue a new certificate or evidence of the issuance of uncertificated shares to the shareholder entitled thereto, and shall record the transaction upon the books of the Trust.  If the shares are issued in uncertificated form, then upon the receipt of proper transfer instructions from the registered owner of the shares or an attorney duly authorized in writing by the registered owner, such uncertificated shares shall be canceled, and the issuance of new equivalent uncertificated shares or certificated shares shall be made to the shareholder entitled thereto and the transaction shall be recorded upon the books of the Trust.  The Board may prescribe the requirements for any transfer of shares otherwise than by an assignment validly executed by the registered owner or his attorney duly authorized as herein provided.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 4.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Transfer Agent</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. The Board may establish transfer offices each in the charge of a transfer agent appointed by the Board, where the shares of the Trust shall be transferable, and a registry office in the charge of a registrar appointed by the Board where the shares shall be registered.  If a transfer agent shall be appointed, no certificate for a share will be valid unless countersigned by such transfer agent.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 5.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Loss or Destruction of Shares</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. The holder of any share certificate shall immediately notify the Trust or its transfer agent of any mutilation, loss, or destruction thereof, whereupon the Trust may issue (i) a new certificate or certificates or (ii) uncertificated shares in place of any certificate or certificates previously issued by the Trust and alleged to have been mutilated, lost or destroyed, upon surrender of the mutilated certificate, or in the case of loss or destruction of a certificate, upon satisfactory proof of such loss or destruction of certificate and the deposit of indemnity by way of a bond or otherwise in such form and amount and with such surety as the Board may require, to indemnify the Trust against loss or liability by reason of the issuance of such new certificate or certificates or uncertificated shares.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 6.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Share Legends</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. The share certificates issued hereunder shall contain any Legend required by the Declaration of Trust and shall be in such form as the Board prescribes.</font></div><div><br></div><div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:center;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">18</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;"><br></font></div></div><hr style="page-break-after:always"><div></div><div><br></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;padding-top:32px;text-align:center;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">ARTICLE VII - </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">MISCELLANEOUS</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 1.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Fiscal Year</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">.  The fiscal year of the Trust shall begin on January 1 of each year and shall end on December 31 of each year.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 2.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Authority to Borrow or Pledge</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. No Trustee, representative, or agent of the Trust shall have power or authority to borrow money on the Trust&#8217;s behalf, to pledge its credit or to buy, sell, or mortgage its real property or securities except within the scope and to the extent of authority expressly delegated by resolution of the Board.  Authority given by the Board for any of the above purposes may be general in scope or limited to specific instances.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 3.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Bank Account Signatories</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. The Board may, by resolution, designate the representative or representatives of the Trust who shall be authorized to act as signatory or signatories on the Trust&#8217;s bank accounts and shall designate the number of signatures required.  Any such signatory may, but need not, be a Trustee.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 4.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Amendment to Investment Policies</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. Subject to the provisions of the Declaration of Trust, the Board of Trustees may from time to time adopt, amend, revise or terminate any policy or policies with respect to investments by the Company as it shall deem appropriate in its sole discretion.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 5.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Waiver of Written Notice</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. Whenever any written notice is required to be given to the Trustees or the shareholders, a waiver thereof in writing signed by a person entitled to such notice, shall be deemed equivalent to the giving of such notice.  Attendance of a person either in person or by proxy at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of the meeting unless such person attends such meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business because the meeting was not lawfully called or convened.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 6.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Capitalized Terms</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. All capitalized terms not otherwise defined in these Bylaws shall have the meanings ascribed to them in the Declaration of Trust.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Section 7.  </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">Authority of Declaration of Trust</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">. In the event that any provision in these regulations shall be construed to be inconsistent with the provision of the Declaration of Trust, the provisions of the Declaration of Trust shall control.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;padding-top:32px;text-align:center;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">ARTICLE VIII - </font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:10pt;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;font-weight:bold;">AMENDMENTS</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:justify;text-indent:48px;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">These Bylaws may be amended at any regular or special meeting of the Board if notice of the proposed amendment is contained in the notice of meeting.  Amendments to these Bylaws may be made by the Board with or without a meeting, by written instrument signed by all of the Trustees and lodged among the records of the Trust.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;"><br></font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:left;font-size:8pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:8pt;"><br></font></div><div><br></div><div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:center;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;">19</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;font-size:11.5pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11.5pt;"><br></font></div></div>	</div></body>
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<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 99.1
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		<title>Exhibit</title>
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<div><a name="sC8AE4065DCF2A05FC931D11B619D4F7E"></a></div><div></div><div><br></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:center;"><img src="a20200501iretvirtuals_image1.gif" alt="a20200501iretvirtuals_image1.gif" style="height:86px;width:96px;"></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:justify;font-size:12pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:12pt;"><br></font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:center;font-size:11pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:bold;">IRET Announces Change to a Virtual Meeting Format</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:24px;text-align:center;font-size:11pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:11pt;background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:bold;">for 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:left;font-size:9pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;">MINNEAPOLIS, MN, May 1, 2020 &#8211; IRET (NYSE:&#160;IRET) announced today </font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;color:#2e2e2e;">a change in the format of its Annual Meeting of Shareholders ("Annual Meeting") from an in-person to a virtual-only meeting, via webcast, due to the emerging public health impact of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) and to support the health and well-being of the Company's shareholders, employees and their families. As previously announced, the Annual Meeting will be held on Tuesday, May 19, 2020, at 9:00 a.m. CDT. </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:left;font-size:11pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;color:#2e2e2e;">As described in IRET&#8217;s proxy materials previously distributed for the Annual Meeting, shareholders at the close of business on March 23, 2020, the record date, are entitled to participate in the Annual Meeting. To participate in and/or vote at the virtual Annual Meeting, shareholders should pre-register by 11:59 p.m. EDT on May 16, 2020 at </font><a style="font-family:inherit;font-size:11pt;color:#006588;text-decoration:underline;" href="#"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:11pt;color:#006588;text-decoration:underline;">http://viewproxy.com/iret/2020</font></a><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:11pt;">. </font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;color:#2e2e2e;">Shareholders must enter the control number found in their proxy materials, either on the Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials, the proxy card or the voting instruction form. IRET urges shareholders</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;color:#535d60;">&#32;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;background-color:#ffffff;color:#535d60;">to vote and submit proxies in advance of the Annual Meeting by one of the methods described in the proxy materials for the Annual Meeting.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:left;font-size:9pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;color:#ff0000;font-weight:bold;">Additional Information About the Virtual Annual Meeting </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:left;font-size:9pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Attendance and Participation </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:left;font-size:11pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;">Shareholders will be able to participate online and submit their questions during the Annual Meeting by visiting </font><a style="font-family:inherit;font-size:11pt;color:#006588;text-decoration:underline;" href="#"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:11pt;color:#006588;text-decoration:underline;">http://viewproxy.com/iret/2020</font></a><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:11pt;color:#006588;text-decoration:underline;">/vm</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;color:#006588;">&#32;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;">and typing their questions into the &#8220;Ask a Question&#8221; field and clicking &#8220;Submit</font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:11pt;">.</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;">&#8221;</font><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:11pt;">&#32;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;">Shareholders will be able to vote their shares electronically during the Annual Meeting. </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:left;font-size:9pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;">To participate in the Annual Meeting, shareholders will need the event passcode provided to them after they have successfully registered. The Annual Meeting will begin promptly at 9:00 a.m. CDT. We encourage shareholders to access the Annual Meeting prior to the start time. Online access will begin at 8:45 a.m. CDT. </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:left;font-size:9pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;">Shareholders do not need to attend the Annual Meeting to vote if they submitted their vote via proxy in advance of the Annual Meeting. A replay of the Annual Meeting, including the questions answered during the meeting, will be available at ir.iretapartments.com.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:left;font-size:9pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;">The virtual Annual Meeting platform is fully supported across browsers (Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, and Safari) and devices (desktops, laptops, tablets, and cell phones) running the most updated version of applicable software and plug-ins. Participants should ensure they have a strong Internet connection wherever they intend to participate in the Annual Meeting. </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:left;font-size:9pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Questions </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:left;font-size:9pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;">Questions pertinent to the Annual Meeting will be answered during the Annual Meeting, subject to time constraints. </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:left;font-size:12pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;">Our rules of conduct and other materials for the Annual Meeting will be available at</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;color:#2e2e2e;font-style:italic;">&#32;</font><a style="font-family:inherit;font-size:12pt;color:#006588;text-decoration:underline;" href="#"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:12pt;color:#006588;text-decoration:underline;">http://viewproxy.com/iret/2020</font></a><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;">. </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:left;font-size:9pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Technical Difficulties </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:left;font-size:12pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;">If you encounter any difficulties accessing the virtual Annual Meeting during the check-in or meeting time, please visit </font><a style="font-family:inherit;font-size:12pt;color:#006588;text-decoration:underline;" href="#"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:12pt;color:#006588;text-decoration:underline;">virtualmeeting@viewproxy.com</font></a><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;">&#32;or call (Toll Free) 1-866-612-8937 for assistance. Technical support will be available beginning at 8:45</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;font-weight:bold;">&#32;</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;">a.m. CDT on May 19, 2020 through the conclusion of the Annual Meeting. </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:left;font-size:12pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;">Additional information regarding matters addressing technical and logistical issues, including technical support during the Annual Meeting, will be available at</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;font-style:italic;">&#32;</font><a style="font-family:inherit;font-size:12pt;color:#006588;text-decoration:underline;" href="#"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:12pt;color:#006588;text-decoration:underline;">http://viewproxy.com/iret/2020</font></a><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;font-style:italic;">. </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:left;font-size:9pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold;">Tabulation </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:left;font-size:9pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;">Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc. will tabulate the votes and act as inspectors of election at the Annual Meeting. </font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:left;font-size:9pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">About IRET</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:left;font-size:11pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;">IRET is a real estate company focused on the ownership, management, acquisition, redevelopment, and development of apartment communities. As of December 31, 2019, we owned interests in 69 apartment communities consisting of 11,953 apartment homes. IRET's common shares and Series C preferred shares are publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE symbols: "IRET" and "IRET-PC," respectively). IRET's press releases and supplemental information are available on its website at </font><a style="font-family:inherit;font-size:11pt;color:#006588;text-decoration:underline;" href="#"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:11pt;color:#006588;text-decoration:underline;">www.iretapartments.com</font></a><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;">&#32;or by calling Investor Relations at 701-837-7104.</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:16px;text-align:left;font-size:9pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;background-color:#ffffff;font-weight:bold;text-decoration:underline;">Contact Information</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:left;font-size:9pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;background-color:#ffffff;">Emily Miller</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:left;font-size:9pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;background-color:#ffffff;">Investor Relations</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;text-align:left;font-size:9pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;background-color:#ffffff;">Phone: 701-837-7104</font></div><div style="line-height:120%;padding-bottom:6px;text-align:left;font-size:11pt;"><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;background-color:#ffffff;">E-mail:</font><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;background-color:#ffffff;">&#32;</font><a style="font-family:inherit;font-size:11pt;color:#006588;text-decoration:underline;" href="#"><font style="font-family:inherit;font-size:11pt;color:#006588;text-decoration:underline;">IR@iret.com</font></a><font style="font-family:Arial;font-size:9pt;background-color:#ffffff;">&#32;</font></div><div><br></div><div></div>	</div></body>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EXCEL
<SEQUENCE>13
<FILENAME>Financial_Report.xlsx
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
begin 644 Financial_Report.xlsx
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<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember', window );">Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Entity Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Shares<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">IRET-PC<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl " style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>End date of current fiscal year in the format --MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:gMonthDayItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The end date of the period reflected on the cover page if a periodic report. For all other reports and registration statements containing historical data, it is the date up through which that historical data is presented.  If there is no historical data in the report, use the filing date. The format of the date is CCYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 2 such as Street or Suite number</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 3 such as an Office Park</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityInformationLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityInformationLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Regulation 12B<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_CommonClassAMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="top.Show.toggleNext( this );">- Details</a><div><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=us-gaap_RedeemableConvertiblePreferredStockMember</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
</div>
</body>
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</SEC-DOCUMENT>
