<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--XBRL Document Created with the Workiva Platform-->
<!--Copyright 2024 Workiva-->
<!--r:a3e07e3e-196a-4c39-8c1f-2ed1579c9eaf,g:4943f252-71e0-4d8b-88be-2e735bee2582-->
<xs:schema xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xmlns:csr="http://centerspacehomes.com/20240408" xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" xmlns:dtr-types1="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21" xmlns:dtr-types="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2022-03-31" attributeFormDefault="unqualified" elementFormDefault="qualified" targetNamespace="http://centerspacehomes.com/20240408">
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-instance-2003-12-31.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21" schemaLocation="https://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/2020-01-21/types.xsd"/>
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  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei-sub/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2023/dei-sub-2023.xsd"/>
  <xs:import namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd-sub/2023" schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/ecd/2023/ecd-sub-2023.xsd"/>
  <xs:annotation>
    <xs:appinfo>
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      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="csr-20240408_def.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/definitionLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
      <link:linkbaseRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:arcrole="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink/properties/linkbase" xlink:href="csr-20240408_lab.xml" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/labelLinkbaseRef" xlink:type="simple"/>
    </xs:appinfo>
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  <xs:element id="csr_AdjustmentChangeInFairValueOfVestedEquityAwardsMember" abstract="true" name="AdjustmentChangeInFairValueOfVestedEquityAwardsMember" nillable="true" xbrli:periodType="duration" substitutionGroup="xbrli:item" type="dtr-types1:domainItemType"/>
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