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Accounting Policies, by Policy (Policies) | 3 Months Ended
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Apr. 30, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and cash equivalents includes bank deposits as well as short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.
Revenue [Policy Text Block] | Revenue Recognition The Company recognizes sales of ethanol, distillers grains and distillers corn oil when obligations under the terms of the respective contracts with customers are satisfied; this occurs with the transfer of control of products, generally upon shipment from the ethanol plant or upon loading of the rail car used to transport the products.
Cost of Goods and Service [Policy Text Block] | Cost of Sales Cost of sales includes depreciation, costs of raw materials, third-party freight charges, purchasing and receiving costs, inspection costs, other distribution expenses, warehousing costs, plant repair and maintenance costs, plant management, certain compensation costs and general facility overhead charges.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Selling, General and Administrative (“SG&A”) Expenses The Company includes non-production related costs such as professional fees, selling charges, operating lease expense, and certain payroll in SG&A expenses.
Changes In Accounting Principles [Policy Text Block] | Change in Accounting Principles Effective during the second quarter of fiscal year 2023, the Company changed the method of accounting for shipping and handling costs for products sold to customers from recorded within “Selling, general and administrative expenses” to recorded within “Cost of sales” on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. While both presentations are allowable under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, the Company believes that this change in classification is preferable because it improves the comparability of gross margin between periods and among industry peers. The following table shows the effect of the retrospective change to the Consolidated Statements of Operations previously presented:
|  | Three Months Ended April 30, 2023
|  | As Previously Reported |  | Effect of Change |  | As Currently Reported
Cost of sales |  | $ | 197,685 |  |  | $ | 4,863 |  |  | $ | 202,548 |
Gross profit |  | $ | 15,029 |  |  | $ | (4,863) |  |  | $ | 10,166 |
Selling, general and administrative |  | $ | (10,632) |  |  | $ | 4,863 |  |  | $ | (5,769) |
Fair Value of Financial Instruments, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Financial Instruments Certain of the forward corn purchase and ethanol, distillers grains and distillers corn oil sale contracts are accounted for under the “normal purchases and normal sales” scope exemption of Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 815, “Derivatives and Hedging” (“ASC 815”) because these arrangements are for purchases of corn that will be delivered in quantities expected to be used by the Company and sales of ethanol, distillers grains and distillers corn oil in quantities expected to be produced by the Company over a reasonable period of time in the normal course of business. The Company uses derivative financial instruments (exchange-traded futures contracts and swaps) to manage a portion of the risk associated with changes in commodity prices, primarily related to corn. The Company monitors and manages this exposure as part of its overall risk management policy. As such, the Company seeks to reduce the potentially adverse effects that the volatility of these markets may have on its operating results. The Company may take hedging positions in these commodities as one way to mitigate risk. While the Company attempts to link its hedging activities to purchase and sales activities, there are situations in which these hedging activities can themselves result in losses. The Company does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. The changes in fair value of these derivative financial instruments are recognized in current period earnings as the Company does not use hedge accounting.
Inventory, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Inventory Inventories are carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost for all inventories is determined using the first-in, first-out method. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonable predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. Inventory includes direct production costs and certain overhead costs such as depreciation, property taxes and utilities related to producing ethanol and related by-products. Inventory is permanently written down for instances when cost exceeds estimated net realizable value; such write-downs are based primarily upon commodity prices as the market value of inventory is often dependent upon changes in commodity prices. The Company did not record any inventory write-downs at April 30, 2024. The Company recorded approximately $0.8 million of inventory write-downs in cost of sales at January 31, 2024. Fluctuations in the write-down of inventory generally relate to the levels and composition of such inventory and changes in commodity prices at a given point in time. The components of inventory are as follows as of the dates presented (amounts in thousands):
|  | April 30, 2024 |  |  | January 31, 2024 |
Ethanol and other finished goods |  | $ | 5,179 |  |  | $ | 9,102 |
Work in process |  |  | 5,387 |  |  |  | 5,299 |
Corn and other raw materials |  |  | 16,534 |  |  |  | 12,583 |
Total |  | $ | 27,100 |  |  | $ | 26,984 |
Property, Plant and Equipment, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Property and Equipment Property and equipment is recorded at cost or the fair value on the date of acquisition (for property and equipment acquired in a business combination). Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method. Estimated useful lives are 15 to 40 years for buildings and improvements, and 3 to 20 years for fixtures and equipment. In accordance with ASC 360-10 “Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets”, the carrying value of long-lived assets is assessed for recoverability by management when changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. The Company did not identify any indicators of impairment or record any impairment charges during the first three months of fiscal years 2024 or 2023. The Company tests for recoverability of an asset group by comparing its carrying amount to its estimated undiscounted future cash flows. If the carrying amount exceeds its estimated undiscounted future cash flows, the Company recognizes an impairment charge for the amount by which the asset group’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value, if any.
Investment, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Investments The method of accounting applied to long-term investments, whether consolidated, equity or cost, involves an evaluation of the significant terms of each investment that explicitly grant or suggest evidence of control or influence over the operations of the investee and also includes the identification of any variable interests in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The Company accounts for investments in a limited liability company in which it has a less than 20% ownership interest using the equity method of accounting when the factors discussed in ASC 323, “Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures” are met. The excess of the carrying value over the underlying equity in the net assets of equity method investees is allocated to specific assets and liabilities. Investments in businesses that the Company does not control but for which it has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial matters are accounted for using the equity method. The Company accounts for its investment in Big River Resources, LLC (“Big River”) using the equity method of accounting and includes the results on a delayed basis of one month as Big River has a fiscal year end of December 31. The Company periodically evaluates its investments for impairment due to declines in market value considered to be other than temporary. Such impairment evaluations include general economic and company-specific evaluations. If the Company determines that a decline in market value is other than temporary, then a charge to earnings is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and a new cost basis in the investment is established. Short-term investments, consisting of U.S. government obligations, are considered held to maturity, and therefore are carried at amortized historical cost.
Reclassification, Comparability Adjustment [Policy Text Block] | Reclassifications Certain immaterial amounts previously presented for prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation. The reclassification had no effect on net income, working capital, or members’ equity previously reported.
Income Tax, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Income Taxes The Company applies an effective tax rate to interim periods that is consistent with the Company’s estimated annual tax rate as adjusted for discrete items impacting the interim periods. The Company provides for deferred tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The Company provides for a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available positive and negative evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company paid income taxes of approximately $0.1 million and $4.5 million and received no refunds during the three months ended April 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. As of April 30, 2024, and January 31, 2024, total unrecognized tax benefits were approximately $18.9 million. Accrued penalties and interest were approximately $77,100 and approximately $70,000 at April 30, 2024 and January 31, 2024, respectively. If the Company were to prevail on all unrecognized tax benefits recorded, the provision for income taxes would be reduced by approximately $18.8 million. In addition, the impact of penalties and interest would also benefit the effective tax rate. Interest and penalties associated with unrecognized tax benefits are recorded within income tax expense. On a quarterly basis, the Company accrues for the effects of open uncertain tax positions and the related potential penalties and interest.
New Accounting Pronouncements, Policy [Policy Text Block] | Recently Issued Accounting Standards In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Updated (“ASU”) 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures, which updates reportable segment disclosure requirements primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and for interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendments should be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. Management is currently evaluating this ASU to determine its impact on the Company’s disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures”, to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. This ASU is effective for all entities that are subject to Topic 740 for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption and retrospective application are permitted, but not required. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU.

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