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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 12 Months Ended
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Jan. 31, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block] |
| 1. | SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Principles of Consolidation – The accompanying financial statements consolidate the operating results and financial position of REX American Resources Corporation and its wholly-owned and majority owned subsidiaries (the “Company” or “REX”). All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. As of January 31, 2025, the Company owns interests in three operating entities – two are consolidated and one is accounted for using the equity method of accounting. The results of One Earth are included on a delayed basis of one month lag as One Earth has a fiscal year end of December 31. The other consolidated entity has the same fiscal year end as the parent company. Stock Split – On June 21, 2022, the Board of Directors of the Company adopted resolutions declaring a three-for-one split of the Company’s Common Stock to be effectuated in the form of a 200% stock dividend, payable on August 5, 2022 to stockholders of record at the close of business on July 29, 2022. The stock split has been retroactively reflected in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Fiscal Year – All references in these consolidated financial statements to a particular fiscal year are to the Company’s fiscal year ended January 31. The Company refers to its fiscal year by reference to the year immediately preceding the January 31 fiscal year end date. For example, “fiscal year 2024” means the period February 1, 2024 to January 31, 2025. Segments – The Company has one reportable segment, ethanol and by-products. Within the ethanol and by-products segment, the Company has equity investments in three ethanol limited liability companies, two of which are majority ownership interests. In applying the criteria set forth in ASC 280, Segment Reporting, the Company determined that based on the nature of the products and production process and the expected financial results, the Company’s operations at its ethanol plants are aggregated into one reporting segment. Use of Estimates – The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Cash Equivalents – Cash equivalents are principally short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less. The carrying amount of cash equivalents approximates fair value. Concentrations of Risk –The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents in accounts with financial institutions which exceed federally insured limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts. The Company does not believe there is significant credit risk related to its cash and cash equivalents. The Company sells its products to a limited number of larger commercial buyers, which may increase the chance of loss due to non-performance by a counterparty. Ten (fiscal year 2024), nine (fiscal year 2023), and eight (fiscal year 2022) customers accounted for approximately 92%, 92%, and 90% of the Company’s net sales and revenue during fiscal years 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. At January 31, 2025 and 2024, six customers in each period represented approximately 92% and 93%, respectively, of the Company’s accounts receivable balance. The Company has not experienced any significant losses in such accounts. Trade Receivables — Trade receivables are recorded at their estimated net realizable value. Accounts are considered past due if payment is not received on a timely basis in accordance with the Company’s credit terms. Accounts considered uncollectible are written off in the period they are determined to be uncollectible. As of January 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company believes that all amounts are collectible and an allowance for credit losses was not considered necessary. Inventory – Inventories are carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost for all inventories is determined using the first-in, first-out method. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonable predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. Inventory includes direct production costs and certain overhead costs such as depreciation, property taxes and utilities related to producing ethanol and related by-product. Inventory is permanently written down for instances when cost exceeds estimated net realizable value; such write-downs are based primarily upon commodity prices as the market value of inventory is often dependent upon changes in commodity prices. The Company recorded approximately $0.1 million and $0.8 million of inventory write-downs in cost of sales at January 31, 2025 and January 31, 2024, respectively. Fluctuations in the write-down of inventory generally relate to the levels and composition of such inventory at a given point in time and commodity prices. The components of inventory are as follows (amounts in thousands):
|  | January 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Ethanol and other finished goods |  | $ | 4,923 |  |  | $ | 9,102 |
Work in process |  |  | 5,185 |  |  |  | 5,299 |
Grain and other raw materials |  |  | 21,568 |  |  |  | 12,583 |
Total |  | $ | 31,676 |  |  | $ | 26,984 |
Property and Equipment – Property and equipment is recorded at cost or the fair value on the date of acquisition (for property and equipment acquired in a business combination). Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method. Estimated useful lives are 15 to 40 years for buildings and improvements, and 3 to 20 years for machinery, fixtures and equipment. The components of property and equipment are as follows (amounts in thousands):
|  | January 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Land and improvements |  | $ | 34,112 |  |  | $ | 32,403 |
Buildings and improvements |  |  | 24,026 |  |  |  | 23,810 |
Machinery, equipment and fixtures |  |  | 318,399 |  |  |  | 307,326 |
Construction in progress |  |  | 94,010 |  |  |  | 37,334 |
Total property and equipment |  |  | 470,547 |  |  |  | 400,873 |
Less: accumulated depreciation |  |  | (259,864 | ) |  |  | (245,286 | )
Total property and equipment, net |  | $ | 210,683 |  |  | $ | 155,587 |
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets In accordance with ASC 360-05, Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, the Company reviews its long-lived assets, consisting of property and equipment, equity method investments and operating lease right-of-use assets, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. The Company assesses long-lived assets for impairment by first determining the forecasted, undiscounted cash flows the asset group is expected to generate. If this total is less than the carrying value of the asset, the Company will then determine the fair value of the asset group. An impairment loss would be recognized in the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeded the fair value of the asset. Significant management judgement is required to determine the fair value of long-lived assets, which includes discounted cash flows. Such estimates could be significantly affected by future changes in market conditions. The Company recorded no impairment charges in fiscal years 2024, 2023, and 2022. Depreciation expense was approximately $15.9 million, $17.8 million, and $18.0 million in fiscal years 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Investments – The method of accounting applied to long-term investments, whether consolidated, equity or cost, involves an evaluation of the significant terms of each investment that explicitly grant or suggest evidence of control or influence over the operations of the investee and also includes the identification of any variable interests in which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The Company accounts for investments in limited liability companies in which it may have a less than 20% ownership interest, using the equity method of accounting when the factors discussed in ASC 323, Investments-Equity Method and Joint Ventures (“ASC 323”), are met. The excess of the carrying value over the underlying equity in the net assets of equity method investees is allocated to specific assets and liabilities. Investments in businesses that the Company does not control but for which it has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial matters are accounted for using the equity method. The Company accounts for its investment in Big River using the equity method of accounting and includes the results of Big River on a delayed basis of one month as it has a fiscal year end of December 31. The Company periodically evaluates its investments for impairment due to declines in market value considered to be other than temporary. Such impairment evaluations include, in addition to persistent, declining market prices, general economic and company-specific evaluations. If the Company determines that a decline in market value is other than temporary, then a charge to earnings is recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and a new cost basis in the investment is established. Short-term investments, consisting of U.S. government obligations, are considered held-to-maturity, and therefore are carried at amortized historical cost. Revenue Recognition – The Company recognizes sales of ethanol, distillers grains and distillers corn oil when obligations under the terms of the respective contracts with customers are satisfied; this occurs with the transfer of control of products, generally upon shipment from the ethanol plant or upon loading of the rail car used to transport the products. Cost of Sales – Cost of sales includes depreciation, costs of raw materials, third-party freight charges, purchasing and receiving costs, inspection costs, other distribution expenses, warehousing costs, plant repair and maintenance costs, plant management, certain compensation costs and general facility overhead charges. SG&A Expenses – The Company includes non-production related costs such as professional fees, selling charges, operating lease expense, and certain payroll in SG&A expenses. Change in Accounting Principles– Effective during fiscal year 2023, the Company changed the method of accounting for shipping and handling costs for products sold to customers from recorded within “Selling, general and administrative expenses” to recorded within “Cost of sales” on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Operations. While both presentations are allowable under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, the Company believes that this change in classification is preferable because it improves the comparability of gross margin between periods and among industry peers. The following tables show the effect of the retrospective change to the Consolidated Statements of Operations previously presented:
|  | Year Ended January 31, 2023 |
|  | As Previously Reported |  | Effect of Change |  | As Currently Reported
Cost of sales |  | $ | 800,269 |  |  | $ | 6,129 |  |  | $ | 806,398 |
Gross profit |  | $ | 54,731 |  |  | $ | (6,129 | ) |  | $ | 48,602 |
Selling, general and administrative |  | $ | (28,956 | ) |  | $ | 6,129 |  |  | $ | (22,827 | )
Financial Instruments – Certain of the forward corn purchase and ethanol, distillers grains and distillers corn oil sale contracts are accounted for under the “normal purchases and normal sales” scope exemption of ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”), because these arrangements are for purchases of grain that will be delivered in quantities expected to be used and sales of ethanol, distillers grains and distillers corn oil that will be produced in quantities expected to be sold by us over a reasonable period of time in the normal course of business. During fiscal years 2024, 2023, and 2022 there were no material settlements of forward contracts that were recorded at fair value. The Company recorded an asset and liability of $1.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively, associated with contracts not accounted for under the “normal purchases and normal sales” scope exception of ASC 815 at January 31, 2025. The Company recorded an asset and liability of $0.6 million and $0.8 million, respectively, associated with contracts not accounted for under the “normal purchases and normal sales” scope exception of ASC 815 at January 31, 2024. The Company uses derivative financial instruments (exchange-traded futures contracts and swaps) to manage a portion of the risk associated with changes in commodity prices, primarily related to corn and ethanol. The Company monitors and manages this exposure as part of its overall risk management policy. As such, the Company seeks to reduce the potentially adverse effects that the volatility of these markets may have on its operating results. The Company may take hedging positions in these commodities as one way to mitigate risk. While the Company attempts to link its hedging activities to purchase and sale activities, there are situations in which these hedging activities can themselves result in losses. The Company does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. The changes in fair value of these derivative financial instruments are recognized in current period earnings as the Company does not use hedge accounting. Stock Compensation – The Company has a stock-based compensation plan, approved by its shareholders, which reserved a total of 1,650,000 shares of common stock for issuance pursuant to its terms. The plan provides for the granting of shares of stock, including options to purchase shares of common stock, stock appreciation rights tied to the value of common stock, restricted stock, and restricted stock unit awards to eligible employees, non-employee directors and consultants. The Company measures share-based compensation grants at fair value on the grant date, adjusted for estimated forfeitures. The Company records noncash compensation expense related to equity and liability awards in its consolidated financial statements over the requisite service period on a straight-line basis. See Note 10 for a further discussion of restricted stock. Other Income – As part of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act, passed in 2020, $700 million in funds were made available to the U.S. Department of Agriculture to distribute to impacted producers of ethanol, biodiesel, and other renewable fuels under the Biofuel Producer Program. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (“USDA”) distributed funds to applicants in May 2022. Our consolidated plants received a total of approximately $1.0 million in fiscal year 2023 which was recorded within “Interest and other income, net” in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company has no further reporting or other obligations related to the receipt of these funds. Income Taxes – The Company provides for deferred tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases and operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. The Company provides for a valuation allowance if, based on the weight of available positive and negative evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Comprehensive Income – The Company has no components of other comprehensive income, and therefore, comprehensive income equals net income. New Accounting Pronouncements – In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosure”, which improves reportable segment disclosure requirements through enhanced disclosure about significant segment expenses. The Company adopted this guidance for the fiscal-year ended January 31, 2025. See Note 16 included in the notes to the audited consolidated financial statements for more information on our segment reporting. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures”, to enhance the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. This ASU is effective for all entities that are subject to Topic 740 for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption and retrospective application are permitted, but not required. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40)”, which provides clarity in assessing an entity’s performance and prospects for future cash flows by disclosure of more detailed information about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions. ASU 2024-03 is effective for the company’s fiscal year-ended January 31, 2028. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this ASU.

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