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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2021
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Schedule of loss before provision for income taxes | Our loss from continuing operations before income taxes was as follows (in thousands):
| For the Year Ended December 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Domestic | $ | (32,719) |  |  | $ | (332,373) |  |  | $ | (331,033) |
Foreign | 2,918 |  |  | 1,833 |  |  | 1,045 |
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes | $ | (29,801) |  |  | $ | (330,540) |  |  | $ | (329,988) |
Components of income tax expense (benefit) | Components of income tax expense (benefit) (in thousands) consist of the following:
| For the Year Ended December 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Current |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | (1,469) |  |  | $ | (2,305) |  |  | $ | 185 |
State and local | 1,449 |  |  | 200 |  |  | 14 |
Foreign | 1,027 |  |  | 721 |  |  | 399 |
Total current tax expense (benefit) | 1,007 |  |  | (1,384) |  |  | 598 |
Deferred |  |  |  |  |
Federal | (5,866) |  |  | (38,258) |  |  | (27,307) |
State and local | (4,021) |  |  | (9,565) |  |  | (5,046) |
Foreign | (493) |  |  | (303) |  |  | 6 |
Total deferred tax expense (benefit) | (10,380) |  |  | (48,126) |  |  | (32,347) |
Change in valuation allowance | 9,856 |  |  | 47,142 |  |  | 8,954 |
Total tax expense (benefit) | $ | 483 |  |  | $ | (2,368) |  |  | $ | (22,795) |
Schedule of reconciliation of the U.S. statutory tax rate to our effective tax rate | A reconciliation of the U.S. statutory tax rate to our effective tax rate is presented below:
| For the Year Ended December 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
U.S. statutory tax rate | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | %
U.S. state income taxes, net of U.S. federal tax benefit | 1.9 | % |  | 2.9 | % |  | 5.0 | %
Foreign earnings at other than U.S. rates | 0.3 | % |  | — | % |  | (0.1) | %
Change in valuation allowance | (33.1) | % |  | (14.3) | % |  | (2.7) | %
Benefit of net operating loss carryback provision | — | % |  | 1.1 | % |  | — | %
Non-deductible goodwill impairment | — | % |  | (11.5) | % |  | (15.6) | %
Non-controlling interest | — | % |  | — | % |  | (0.3) | %
Nondeductible excess compensation | (10.1) | % |  | (0.3) | % |  | (0.5) | %
Excess tax benefits (shortfalls) on stock-based compensation | 8.1 | % |  | (0.3) | % |  | (0.2) | %
Convertible debt extinguishment | (1.5) | % |  | — | % |  | — | %
Change in uncertain tax positions | 0.2 | % |  | — | % |  | 0.1 | %
Nontaxable earnout | — | % |  | — | % |  | (1.4) | %
Change in state rate | 6.8 | % |  | 1.3 | % |  | (0.7) | %
Return to provision | 6.6 | % |  | (0.8) | % |  | 1.0 | %
Change in indefinite reinvestment assertion for domestic subsidiaries | — | % |  | 1.0 | % |  | 2.6 | %
Tax sharing settlement | (1.1) | % |  | — | % |  | — | %
Other, net | (0.7) | % |  | 0.6 | % |  | (1.3) | %
Effective tax rate | (1.6) | % |  | 0.7 | % |  | 6.9 | %
Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities | Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities (in thousands) were as follows:
| As of December 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020
Deferred Tax Assets |  |  |
Start-up and organizational costs | $ | 103 |  |  | $ | 117 |
Goodwill | 18,774 |  |  | 23,778 |
Operating lease liabilities | 15,968 |  |  | 15,963 |
Accrued expenses | 10,345 |  |  | 7,434 |
Stock based compensation | 8,714 |  |  | 8,530 |
Net operating loss carryforwards | 130,242 |  |  | 123,604 |
Federal and state research tax credits | 1,828 |  |  | 1,828 |
Fixed assets | 480 |  |  | 131 |
Interest deduction limitation | 7,795 |  |  | 2,452 |
Outside basis differences | 1,972 |  |  | 197 |
Other | 9,236 |  |  | 8,428 |
Subtotal | 205,457 |  |  | 192,462 |
Valuation allowance | (101,345) |  |  | (89,723) |
Total deferred tax assets | 104,112 |  |  | 102,739 |
Deferred Tax Liabilities |  |  |
Internally developed software costs | 12,501 |  |  | 12,973 |
Intangible assets | 48,677 |  |  | 49,053 |
Right-of-use assets - Operating | 12,284 |  |  | 13,122 |
Contract fulfillment costs | 8,317 |  |  | 6,375 |
Convertible debt | 17,604 |  |  | 20,411 |
Other | 5,387 |  |  | 1,484 |
Total deferred tax liabilities | 104,770 |  |  | 103,418 |
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) | $ | (658) |  |  | $ | (679) |
Changes in our valuation allowance (in thousands) were as follows:
| For the Year Ended December 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020
Balance at beginning-of-year | $ | 89,723 |  |  | $ | 50,519 |
Charged to costs and expenses | 9,856 |  |  | 47,142 |
Charged (credited) to other accounts (1) | 1,766 |  |  | (7,938) |
Balance at end-of-year | $ | 101,345 |  |  | $ | 89,723 |
(1)Amounts charged (credited) to other accounts includes $1.8 million charged to discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 and $8.6 million credited to additional paid-in-capital, partially offset by $0.7 million charged to retained earnings, for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Changes in unrecognized tax benefits | Changes in our unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands) were as follows:
| For the Year Ended December 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Balance at beginning-of-year | $ | 678 |  |  | $ | 753 |  |  | $ | 934 |
Lapse of statute of limitations | (69) |  |  | (75) |  |  | (181) |
Balance at end-of-year | $ | 609 |  |  | $ | 678 |  |  | $ | 753 |

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