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Fair Value Measurement | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2021
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value Measurement | Fair Value Measurement GAAP defines fair value as the price that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) assuming an orderly transaction in the most advantageous market at the measurement date. GAAP also establishes a hierarchical disclosure framework which prioritizes and ranks the level of observability of inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: •Level 1 - inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices available in active markets for identical instruments as of the reporting date; •Level 2 - inputs to the valuation methodology are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date and the fair value can be determined through the use of models or other valuation methodologies; and •Level 3 - inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable inputs in situations where there is little or no market activity for the asset or liability. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the particular asset or liability being measured. Recurring Fair Value Measurements In accordance with GAAP, certain assets and liabilities are required to be recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. The following table summarizes the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):
| December 31, 2021
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent consideration(1) | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 28,700 |  |  | $ | 28,700 |
Total fair value of liabilities measured on a recurring basis | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 28,700 |  |  | $ | 28,700 |
| December 31, 2020
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents (2) | $ | 5,877 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,877 |
Total fair value of assets measured on a recurring basis | $ | 5,877 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,877 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Warrants (3) | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13,730 |  |  | $ | 13,730 |
Total fair value of liabilities measured on a recurring basis | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13,730 |  |  | $ | 13,730 |
(1) Represents the fair value of earn-out consideration related to the Vital Decisions transaction as described in Note 4. (2) Represents the cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and restricted investments that were held in money market funds as of December 31, 2020. (3) Represents the fair value of 1,513,786 shares issuable under the warrant agreements discussed in Note 10. The warrants were settled in January 2021. The Company recognizes any transfers between levels within the hierarchy as of the beginning of the reporting period. There were no transfers between fair value levels during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. In the absence of observable market prices, the fair value is based on the best information available and involves a significant degree of judgment, taking into consideration a combination of internal and external factors, including the appropriate risk adjustments for non-performance and liquidity risks. As discussed in Note 4 , the acquisition of Vital Decisions includes a provision for additional equity consideration contingent upon the Company obtaining certain annualized performance metrics during the three months ending December 31, 2022. The fair value of the contingent equity consideration was estimated based on the real options approach, a form of the income approach, which estimated the probability of the Company achieving future revenues under the agreement. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Vital Decisions contingent consideration are the risk-neutral (probability weighted) earnout consideration and the applicable discount rate. A significant increase in the risk-neutral (probability weighted) earnout consideration or decrease in discount rate in isolation would result in a significantly higher fair value of the contingent consideration. In conjunction with the Credit Agreement discussed in Note 10, the Company entered into warrant agreements whereby it agreed to sell to the holders of the warrants an aggregate of 1,513,786 shares of Class A common stock. The fair value of the warrants was estimated based on the Black-Scholes model which incorporates the constant price variation of the stock, the time value of money, the option's strike price, and the time to the option's expiry. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the warrants are the stock price volatility and annual risk free rate. A significant increase in the stock price or discount rate in isolation would have resulted in a significantly higher fair value of the contingent consideration. The changes in our liabilities measured at fair value for which the Company uses Level 3 inputs to determine fair value for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 are as follows (in thousands):
| For the Year Ended December 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020
Balance as of beginning of period | $ | 13,730 |  |  | $ | 16,975 |
Additions | 14,600 |  |  | — |
Settlements | (13,730) |  |  | (3,500) |
Realized and unrealized losses, net | 14,100 |  |  | 255 |
Balance as of end of period | $ | 28,700 |  |  | $ | 13,730 |
The following table summarizes the fair value (in thousands), valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs of our Level 3 fair value measurements as of the periods presented:
| December 31, 2021
| Fair |  | Valuation |  | Significant |  | Assumption or
| Value |  | Technique |  | Unobservable Inputs |  | Input Ranges
Contingent consideration | $ | 28,700 |  |  | Real options approach |  | Risk-neutral expected earnout consideration |  | $ | 30,935 |
|  |  |  |  | Discount rate |  | 6.04 | %
| December 31, 2020
| Fair |  | Valuation |  | Significant |  | Assumption or
| Value |  | Technique |  | Unobservable Inputs |  | Input Ranges
Warrants | $ | 13,730 |  |  | Black-Scholes |  | Stock price volatility |  | 62.2 | %
|  |  |  |  | Annual risk free rate |  | 0.2 | %
Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements In addition to the assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company records certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as required by GAAP. Generally, assets are recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as a result of impairment charges. This includes assets and liabilities recorded in business combinations or asset acquisitions, goodwill, intangible assets, property, plant and equipment, held-to-maturity investments and equity method investments. While not carried at fair value on a recurring basis, these items are continually monitored for indicators of impairment that would indicate current carrying value is greater than fair value. In those situations, the assets are considered impaired and written down to current fair value. Other Fair Value Disclosures The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents (those not held in a money market fund), restricted cash, receivables, prepaid expenses, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and accrued compensation approximate their fair values because of the relatively short-term maturities of these items and financial instruments. See Note 10 for information regarding the fair value of the 2024 Notes, 2025 Notes and 2021 Notes.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=123874694&loc=d3e19207-110258 + Details
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