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Revenue Recognition
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue Recognition Revenue Recognition
We derive revenue from two sources: (1) transformation services and (2) platform and operations services.

Transformation Services Revenue
Transformation services consist of implementation services whereby we assist the customer in launching its population health or health plan programs. In certain cases, transformation services can also include revenue associated with our support of certain one-time wind-down activities for clients who are exiting a line of business or population. The transformation services are usually completed within 12 months. We generally receive a fixed fee for transformation services and recognize revenue over time using an input method based on hours incurred compared to the total estimated hours required to satisfy our performance obligation.
Platform and Operations Services Revenue
Platform and operations services are typically multi-year arrangements with customers to provide various clinical and administrative solutions. In our Clinical Solutions segment, our solutions are designed to lower the medical expenses of our partners and include our total cost of care and specialty care management services. In our Evolent Health Services segment, our solutions are designed to provide comprehensive health plan operations and claims processing services, and also include transition or run-out services to customers receiving primarily third-party administration (“TPA”) services.

Our performance obligation in these arrangements is to provide an integrated suite of services, including access to our platform that is customized to meet the specialized needs of our customers and members. Generally, we will apply the series guidance to the performance obligation as we have determined that each time increment is distinct. We primarily utilize a variable fee structure for these services that typically includes a monthly payment that is calculated based on a specified per member per month rate, multiplied by the number of members that our partners are managing under a value-based care arrangement or a percentage of plan premiums. Our arrangements may also include other variable fees related to service level agreements, shared medical savings arrangements and other performance measures. Variable consideration is estimated using the most likely amount based on our historical experience and best judgment at the time. Due to the nature of our arrangements, certain estimates may be constrained if it is probable that a significant reversal of revenue will occur when the uncertainty is resolved. We recognize revenue from platform and operations services over time using the time elapsed output method. Fixed consideration is recognized ratably over the contract term. In accordance with the series guidance, we allocate variable consideration to the period to which the fees relate.

In our Clinical Solutions segment, we enter into capitation arrangements that may include performance-based arrangements and/or gainshare features. We recognize capitation revenue on a gross basis when we have established control over the services within our scope and recognize capitation revenue on a net basis when we do not have control over the services within our scope.
Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations
Our contracts with customers may contain multiple performance obligations, primarily when the customer has requested both transformation services and platform and operations services as these services are distinct from one another. When a contract has multiple performance obligations, we allocate the transaction price to each performance obligation based on the relative standalone selling price using the expected cost margin approach. This approach requires estimates regarding both the level of effort it will take to satisfy the performance obligation as well as fees that will be received under the variable pricing model. We also take into consideration customer demographics, current market conditions, the scope of services and our overall pricing strategy and objectives when determining the standalone selling price.
Principal vs. Agent
We occasionally use third parties to assist in satisfying our performance obligations. In order to determine whether we are the principal or agent in the arrangement, we review each third-party relationship on a contract by contract basis. As we integrate goods and services provided by third parties into our overall service, we control the goods and services provided to the customer prior to its delivery. As such, we are the principal and we will recognize revenue on a gross basis. In certain cases, we act as an agent and do not control the services from third parties before it is delivered to the customer thereby recognizing revenue on a net basis.
Disaggregation of Revenue
The following table represents Evolent’s revenue disaggregated by segment and end-market for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019 (in thousands):
For the Year Ended December 31,
202120202019202120202019
Evolent Health ServicesClinical Solutions
Medicaid$215,236 $236,634 267,222 $205,833 $274,028 75,675 
Medicare26,358 68,505 73,671 363,053 257,092 199,817 
Commercial and other68,219 77,221 68,012 29,258 11,159 2,725 
Total$309,813 $382,360 408,905 $598,144 $542,279 278,217 
Transaction Price Allocated to the Remaining Performance Obligations
For contracts with a term greater than one year, we have allocated approximately $178.8 million of transaction price to performance obligations that are unsatisfied as of December 31, 2021. We do not include variable consideration that is allocated entirely to a wholly unsatisfied performance obligation accounted for under the series guidance in the calculation. As a result, the balance represents the value of the fixed consideration in our long-term contracts that we expect will be recognized as revenue in a future period and excludes the majority of our platform and operations revenue, which is primarily derived based on variable consideration as discussed in Note 2. We expect to recognize revenue on approximately 45%, 70% and 86% of these remaining performance obligations by December 31, 2022, 2023 and 2024, respectively, with the remaining balance to be recognized thereafter. However, because our existing contracts may be canceled or renegotiated including for reasons outside our control, the amount of revenue that we actually receive may be less or greater than this estimate and the timing of recognition may not be as expected.

Contract Balances

Contract balances consist of accounts receivable, contract assets and deferred revenue. Contract assets are recorded when the right to consideration for services is conditional on something other than the passage of time. Contract assets relating to unbilled receivables are transferred to accounts receivable when the right to consideration becomes unconditional. We classify contract assets as current or non-current based on the timing of our rights to the unconditional payments. Our contract assets are generally classified as current and recorded within prepaid expenses and other current assets on our consolidated balance sheets. Our current accounts receivables are classified within accounts receivable, net on our consolidated balance sheets and our non-current accounts receivable are classified within prepaid expenses and other non-current assets on our consolidated balance sheets.

Deferred revenue includes advance customer payments and billings in excess of revenue recognized. We classify deferred revenue as current or non-current based on the timing of when we expect to recognize revenue. Our current deferred revenue is recorded within deferred revenue on our consolidated balance sheets and non-current deferred revenue is recorded within other long-term liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets.

The following table provides information about receivables, contract assets and deferred revenue from contracts with customers as of December 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):
December 31,
2021
2020 (1)
Short-term receivables (2)
$129,012 $118,730 
Long-term receivables (2)
4,877 4,554 
Short-term contract assets— 329 
Short-term deferred revenue11,944 10,187 
Long-term deferred revenue4,437 3,593 
————————
(1)Amounts exclude $3.4 million of short-term receivables and $4.1 million of short-term deferred revenue reclassified to discontinued operations as of December 31, 2020.
(2)Excludes pharmacy claims receivable and premiums receivable.
Changes in deferred revenue for the year ended December 31, 2021 are as follows (in thousands):
Deferred revenue
Balance as of beginning-of-period$13,780 
Reclassification to revenue, as a result of performance obligations satisfied(10,175)
Cash received in advance of satisfaction of performance obligations12,776 
Balance as of end of period$16,381 

The amount of revenue recognized from performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in a previous period was $28.3 million and $12.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, due primarily to net gain share as well as changes in other estimates.

Contract Cost Assets

Certain bonuses and commissions earned by our sales team are considered incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer that we expect to be recoverable. The capitalized contract acquisition costs are classified as non-current assets and recorded within contract cost assets on our consolidated balance sheets. Amortization expense is recorded within selling, general and administrative expenses on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had $5.2 million and $3.3 million, respectively, of contract acquisition cost assets, net of accumulated amortization recorded in contract cost assets on the consolidated balance sheets. In addition, the Company recorded amortization expense of $1.9 million, $1.9 million and $1.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

In our platforms and operations arrangements, we incur certain costs related to the implementation of our platform before we begin to satisfy our performance obligation to the customer. The costs, which we expect to recover, are considered costs to fulfill a contract. Our contract fulfillment costs primarily include our employee labor costs and third-party vendor costs. The capitalized contract fulfillment costs are classified as non-current and recorded within contract cost assets on our consolidated balance sheets. Amortization expense is recorded within cost of revenue on the accompanying consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income (loss). As of December 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had $27.4 million and $23.4 million, respectively, of contract fulfillment cost assets, net of accumulated amortization recorded in contract cost assets on the consolidated balance sheets. In addition, the Company recorded amortization expense of $11.1 million, $13.0 million and $4.7 million, for the years ended December 31, 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

These costs are deferred and then amortized on a straight-line basis over a period of benefit that we have determined to be the shorter of the contract term or five years. The period of benefit was based on our technology, the nature of our customer arrangements and other factors.