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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of loss before provision for income taxes

Our loss from continuing operations before income taxes was as follows (in thousands):

			For the Year Ended December 31,
			2021						2020						2019
Domestic			$	(32,719)					$	(332,373)					$	(331,033)
Foreign			2,918						1,833						1,045
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes			$	(29,801)					$	(330,540)					$	(329,988)

Components of income tax expense (benefit)

Components of income tax expense (benefit) (in thousands) consist of the following:

			For the Year Ended December 31,
			2021						2020						2019
Current
Federal			$	(1,469)					$	(2,305)					$	185
State and local			1,449						200						14
Foreign			1,027						721						399
Total current tax expense (benefit)			1,007						(1,384)						598
Deferred
Federal			(5,866)						(38,258)						(27,307)
State and local			(4,021)						(9,565)						(5,046)
Foreign			(493)						(303)						6
Total deferred tax expense (benefit)			(10,380)						(48,126)						(32,347)
Change in valuation allowance			9,856						47,142						8,954
Total tax expense (benefit)			$	483					$	(2,368)					$	(22,795)

Schedule of reconciliation of the U.S. statutory tax rate to our effective tax rate

A reconciliation of the U.S. statutory tax rate to our effective tax rate is presented below:

			For the Year Ended December 31,
			2021						2020						2019
U.S. statutory tax rate			21.0		%				21.0		%				21.0		%
U.S. state income taxes, net of U.S. federal tax benefit			1.9		%				2.9		%				5.0		%
Foreign earnings at other than U.S. rates			0.3		%				—		%				(0.1)		%
Change in valuation allowance			(33.1)		%				(14.3)		%				(2.7)		%
Benefit of net operating loss carryback provision			—		%				1.1		%				—		%
Non-deductible goodwill impairment			—		%				(11.5)		%				(15.6)		%
Non-controlling interest			—		%				—		%				(0.3)		%
Nondeductible excess compensation			(10.1)		%				(0.3)		%				(0.5)		%
Excess tax benefits (shortfalls) on stock-based compensation			8.1		%				(0.3)		%				(0.2)		%
Convertible debt extinguishment			(1.5)		%				—		%				—		%
Change in uncertain tax positions			0.2		%				—		%				0.1		%
Nontaxable earnout			—		%				—		%				(1.4)		%
Change in state rate			6.8		%				1.3		%				(0.7)		%
Return to provision			6.6		%				(0.8)		%				1.0		%
Change in indefinite reinvestment assertion for domestic subsidiaries			—		%				1.0		%				2.6		%
Tax sharing settlement			(1.1)		%				—		%				—		%
Other, net			(0.7)		%				0.6		%				(1.3)		%
Effective tax rate			(1.6)		%				0.7		%				6.9		%

Schedule of deferred tax assets and liabilities

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities (in thousands) were as follows:

			As of December 31,
			2021						2020
Deferred Tax Assets
Start-up and organizational costs			$	103					$	117
Goodwill			18,774						23,778
Operating lease liabilities			15,968						15,963
Accrued expenses			10,345						7,434
Stock based compensation			8,714						8,530
Net operating loss carryforwards			130,242						123,604
Federal and state research tax credits			1,828						1,828
Fixed assets			480						131
Interest deduction limitation			7,795						2,452
Outside basis differences			1,972						197
Other			9,236						8,428
Subtotal			205,457						192,462
Valuation allowance			(101,345)						(89,723)
Total deferred tax assets			104,112						102,739
Deferred Tax Liabilities
Internally developed software costs			12,501						12,973
Intangible assets			48,677						49,053
Right-of-use assets - Operating			12,284						13,122
Contract fulfillment costs			8,317						6,375
Convertible debt			17,604						20,411
Other			5,387						1,484
Total deferred tax liabilities			104,770						103,418
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)			$	(658)					$	(679)

Changes in our valuation allowance (in thousands) were as follows:

			For the Year Ended December 31,
			2021						2020
Balance at beginning-of-year			$	89,723					$	50,519
Charged to costs and expenses			9,856						47,142
Charged (credited) to other accounts (1)			1,766						(7,938)
Balance at end-of-year			$	101,345					$	89,723

(1)Amounts charged (credited) to other accounts includes $1.8 million charged to discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2021 and $8.6 million credited to additional paid-in-capital, partially offset by $0.7 million charged to retained earnings, for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Changes in unrecognized tax benefits

Changes in our unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands) were as follows:

			For the Year Ended December 31,
			2021						2020						2019
Balance at beginning-of-year			$	678					$	753					$	934
Lapse of statute of limitations			(69)						(75)						(181)
Balance at end-of-year			$	609					$	678					$	753

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Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years.

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Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.

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Tabular disclosure of income before income tax between domestic and foreign jurisdictions.

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