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Fair Value Measurement
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2023
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurement Fair Value Measurement
GAAP defines fair value as the price that would be received from the sale of an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) assuming an orderly transaction in the most advantageous market at the measurement date. GAAP also establishes a hierarchical disclosure framework which prioritizes and ranks the level of observability of inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include:

•Level 1 - inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices available in active markets for identical instruments as of the reporting date;
•Level 2 - inputs to the valuation methodology are other than quoted prices in active markets, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the reporting date and the fair value can be determined through the use of models or other valuation methodologies; and
•Level 3 - inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable inputs in situations where there is little or no market activity for the asset or liability.

In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the particular asset or liability being measured. These items are recorded in accrued liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets.

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

In accordance with GAAP, certain assets and liabilities are required to be recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. The following table summarizes the Company’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

March 31, 2023
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Liabilities
Contingent consideration(1)
$— $— $122,100 $122,100 
Total fair value of liabilities measured on a recurring basis$— $— $122,100 $122,100 

December 31, 2022
Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Liabilities
Contingent consideration$— $— $78,000 $78,000 
Total fair value of liabilities measured on a recurring basis$— $— $78,000 $78,000 
————————
(1) Represents the fair value of earn-out consideration related to the IPG and NIA transactions as described in Note 4.

The Company recognizes any transfers between levels within the hierarchy as of the beginning of the reporting period. There were no transfers between fair value levels during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

In the absence of observable market prices, the fair value is based on the best information available and involves a significant degree of judgment, taking into consideration a combination of internal and external factors, including the appropriate risk adjustments for non-performance and liquidity risks.

The acquisitions of NIA and IPG include a provision for additional equity consideration, at the Company’s option, contingent upon the Company obtaining certain performance metrics. The earnout period for the NIA contingent consideration is the year ending December 31, 2023, and the earnout period for IPG is the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The fair value of the contingent equity considerations was estimated based on the real options approach, a form of the income approach, which estimated the probability of the Company achieving future revenues under the agreement. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements of the NIA and IPG contingent considerations are the risk-neutral (probability weighted) earnout consideration and the applicable discount rate. A significant increase in the risk-neutral (probability weighted) earnout consideration or decrease in discount rate in isolation would result in a significantly higher fair value of the contingent consideration.
The changes in our liabilities measured at fair value for which the Company uses Level 3 inputs to determine fair value are as follows (in thousands):
For the Three Months Ended March 31,
20232022
Balance as of beginning of period$78,000 $28,700 
Additions69,761 — 
Settlements(29,961)— 
Unrealized (gain) loss, net4,300 3,900 
Balance as of end of period$122,100 $32,600 

The following table summarizes the fair value (in thousands), valuation techniques and significant unobservable inputs of our Level 3 fair value measurements as of the periods presented:

March 31, 2023
Fair ValuationSignificantAssumption or
ValueTechniqueUnobservable InputsInput Ranges
Contingent consideration$122,100 Real options approachRisk-neutral expected earnout consideration$122,100 
Weighted average discount rate
8.80% - 16.64%


December 31, 2022
Fair ValuationSignificantAssumption or
ValueTechniqueUnobservable InputsInput Ranges
Contingent consideration$78,000 Real options approachRisk-neutral expected earnout consideration$77,946 
Weighted average discount rate
9.85% - 10.01%

Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements

In addition to the assets and liabilities that are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, the Company records certain assets and liabilities at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as required by GAAP. Generally, assets are recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as a result of impairment charges. This includes assets and liabilities recorded in business combinations or asset acquisitions, goodwill, intangible assets, property, plant and equipment, held-to-maturity investments and equity method investments. While not carried at fair value on a recurring basis, these items are continually monitored for indicators of impairment that would indicate current carrying value is greater than fair value. In those situations, the assets are considered impaired and written down to current fair value.

Other Fair Value Disclosures

The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents (those not held in a money market fund), restricted cash, receivables, prepaid expenses, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and accrued compensation approximate their fair values because of the relatively short-term maturities of these items and financial instruments.

See Note 9 for information regarding the fair value of the 2024 Notes and 2025 Notes.