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Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2021
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets | Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets The following table reflects the changes in carrying amounts of goodwill by segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2021:
(In thousands) |  | Harsco Environmental Segment |  | Harsco Clean Earth Segment |  | Harsco Rail Segment |  | Consolidated Totals
Balance at December 31, 2020 |  | $ | 406,401 |  |  | $ | 482,647 |  |  | $ | 13,026 |  |  | $ | 902,074 |
Changes to goodwill (a) |  | — |  |  | 1,232 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,232 |
Foreign currency translation |  | (6,578) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,578) |
Balance at September 30, 2021 |  | $ | 399,823 |  |  | $ | 483,879 |  |  | $ | 13,026 |  |  | $ | 896,728 |
(a) The changes to goodwill relate to the measurement period adjustments for the ESOL acquisition in the Harsco Clean Earth Segment. See Note 3, Acquisitions and Dispositions. The Company tests for goodwill impairment annually, or more frequently if indicators of impairment exist, or if a decision is made to dispose of a business. The Company performs its annual goodwill impairment test as of October 1 and monitors for triggering events on an ongoing basis. The Company determined that, as of September 30, 2021, no interim goodwill impairment testing was necessary. The Company has concluded that no triggering event occurred during the three months ended September 30, 2021. However, an economic downturn could impact the Company's future projected cash flows used to estimate fair value, and/or result in a sustained decrease in the Company's share price, which could indicate an impairment. Intangible assets, net, on the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets consist of the following:
|  | September 30, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
(In thousands) |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization
Customer related |  | $ | 108,226 |  |  | $ | 53,757 |  |  | $ | 109,378 |  |  | $ | 48,057 |
Permits |  | 308,998 |  |  | 30,856 |  |  | 308,705 |  |  | 18,955 |
Technology related |  | 39,604 |  |  | 12,363 |  |  | 40,274 |  |  | 9,654 |
Trade names |  | 31,876 |  |  | 6,797 |  |  | 31,949 |  |  | 4,834 |
Air rights |  | 26,139 |  |  | 1,561 |  |  | 26,139 |  |  | 1,044 |
Patents |  | 185 |  |  | 140 |  |  | 192 |  |  | 139 |
Non-compete Agreement |  | 2,500 |  |  | 937 |  |  | 2,500 |  |  | 469 |
Other |  | 3,896 |  |  | 1,475 |  |  | 3,911 |  |  | 1,331 |
Total |  | $ | 521,424 |  |  | $ | 107,886 |  |  | $ | 523,048 |  |  | $ | 84,483 |
Amortization expense for intangible assets was as follows:
|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 30 |  | September 30
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Amortization expense for intangible assets |  | $ | 8,115 |  |  | $ | 8,272 |  |  | $ | 24,514 |  |  | $ | 22,542 |
The estimated amortization expense for the next five fiscal years based on current intangible assets is as follows:
(In thousands) |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2025
Estimated amortization expense (b) |  | $ | 32,900 |  |  | $ | 32,400 |  |  | $ | 32,300 |  |  | $ | 31,800 |  |  | $ | 31,600 |
(b) These estimated amortization expense amounts do not reflect the potential effect of future foreign currency exchange fluctuations.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for goodwill and intangible assets. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 350 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144416 + Details
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