10-Q 1 tmp2019-03x3110q.htm 10-Q MARCH 31, 2019

United States
Securities and Exchange Commission
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q

x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2019
OR

¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____ to ______
Commission File Number 1-12709
Tompkins Financial Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

New York |  | 16-1482357
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
118 E. Seneca Street, P.O. Box 460, Ithaca, NY | 14851
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (888) 503-5753
Former name, former address, and former fiscal year, if changed since last report: NA
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ¨.
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

| Large Accelerated Filer x | Accelerated Filer ¨
| Non-Accelerated Filer ¨ | Smaller Reporting Company ¨
|  | Emerging Growth Company ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of Exchange Act.¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.) Yes ¨ No x.
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.10 are value | TMP | NYSE American, LLC

Indicate the number of shares of the Registrant's Common Stock outstanding as of the latest practicable date: 15,314,056 shares as of April 24, 2019.

TOMPKINS FINANCIAL CORPORATION
FORM 10-Q
INDEX

PART I -FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
|  |  | PAGE
| Item 1 – | Condensed Financial Statements Consolidated Statements of Condition as of March 31, 2019 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2018 (Audited) | 1
|  | Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (Unaudited) | 2
|  | Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (Unaudited) | 3
|  | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (Unaudited) | 4
|  | Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 (Unaudited) | 6
|  | Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements | 7
| Item 2 - | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 45
| Item 3 - | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 63
| Item 4 - | Controls and Procedures | 65
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION |
| Item 1 – | Legal Proceedings | 65
| Item 1A – Risk Factors | 65
| Item 2 – | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 65
| Item 3 - | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 66
| Item 4 - | Mine Safety Disclosures | 66
| Item 5 - | Other Information | 66
| Item 6 - | Exhibit Index | 66
SIGNATURES | 67

TOMPKINS FINANCIAL CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION

(in thousands, except share and per share data) | As of | As of
ASSETS | 3/31/2019 | 12/31/2018
| (unaudited) | (audited)
Cash and noninterest bearing balances due from banks | $ | 68,531 |  | $ | 78,524 |
Interest bearing balances due from banks | 2,043 |  | 1,865 |
Cash and Cash Equivalents | 70,574 |  | 80,389 |
Available-for-sale securities, at fair value (amortized cost of $1,359,102 at March 31, 2019 and $1,363,902 at December 31, 2018) | 1,343,610 |  | 1,332,658 |
Held-to-maturity securities, at amortized cost (fair value of $140,422 at March 31, 2019 and $139,377 at December 31, 2018) | 139,642 |  | 140,579 |
Equity securities, at fair value (amortized cost $1,000 at March 31, 2019 and $1,000 at December 31, 2018) | 899 |  | 887 |
Originated loans and leases, net of unearned income and deferred costs and fees | 4,532,803 |  | 4,568,741 |
Acquired loans | 256,897 |  | 265,198 |
Less: Allowance for loan and lease losses | 40,328 |  | 43,410 |
Net Loans and Leases | 4,749,372 |  | 4,790,529 |
Federal Home Loan Bank and other stock | 45,088 |  | 52,262 |
Bank premises and equipment, net | 96,864 |  | 97,202 |
Corporate owned life insurance | 82,571 |  | 81,928 |
Goodwill | 92,283 |  | 92,283 |
Other intangible assets, net | 7,266 |  | 7,628 |
Accrued interest and other assets | 110,550 |  | 82,091 |
Total Assets | $ | 6,738,719 |  | $ | 6,758,436 |
LIABILITIES |  |
Deposits: |  |
Interest bearing: |  |
Checking, savings and money market | 2,977,593 |  | 2,853,190 |
Time | 661,712 |  | 637,295 |
Noninterest bearing | 1,350,620 |  | 1,398,474 |
Total Deposits | 4,989,925 |  | 4,888,959 |
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase | 66,918 |  | 81,842 |
Other borrowings | 923,427 |  | 1,076,075 |
Trust preferred debentures | 16,906 |  | 16,863 |
Other liabilities | 94,276 |  | 73,826 |
Total Liabilities | $ | 6,091,452 |  | $ | 6,137,565 |
EQUITY |  |
Tompkins Financial Corporation shareholders' equity: |  |
Common Stock - par value $.10 per share: Authorized 25,000,000 shares; Issued: 15,349,988 at March 31, 2019; and 15,348,287 at December 31, 2018 | 1,535 |  | 1,535 |
Additional paid-in capital | 367,245 |  | 366,595 |
Retained earnings | 332,779 |  | 319,396 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (50,950 | ) | (63,165 | )
Treasury stock, at cost – 117,757 shares at March 31, 2019, and 122,227 shares at December 31, 2018 | (4,786 | ) | (4,902 | )
Total Tompkins Financial Corporation Shareholders’ Equity | 645,823 |  | 619,459 |
Noncontrolling interests | 1,444 |  | 1,412 |
Total Equity | $ | 647,267 |  | $ | 620,871 |
Total Liabilities and Equity | $ | 6,738,719 |  | $ | 6,758,436 |

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
1

TOMPKINS FINANCIAL CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

| Three Months Ended
(In thousands, except per share data) (Unaudited) | 3/31/2019 | 3/31/2018
INTEREST AND DIVIDEND INCOME |  |
Loans | $ | 55,324 |  | $ | 50,894 |
Due from banks | 10 |  | 7 |
Available-for-sale securities | 7,858 |  | 7,644 |
Held-to-maturity securities | 858 |  | 858 |
Federal Home Loan Bank and other stock | 878 |  | 737 |
Total Interest and Dividend Income | 64,928 |  | 60,140 |
INTEREST EXPENSE |  |
Time certificates of deposits of $250,000 or more | 586 |  | (14 | )
Other deposits | 6,011 |  | 2,783 |
Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase | 44 |  | 46 |
Trust preferred debentures | 329 |  | 279 |
Other borrowings | 6,044 |  | 4,359 |
Total Interest Expense | 13,014 |  | 7,453 |
Net Interest Income | 51,914 |  | 52,687 |
Less: Provision for loan and lease losses | 445 |  | 567 |
Net Interest Income After Provision for Loan and Lease Losses | 51,469 |  | 52,120 |
NONINTEREST INCOME |  |
Insurance commissions and fees | 8,045 |  | 7,394 |
Investment services income | 4,084 |  | 4,246 |
Service charges on deposit accounts | 1,998 |  | 2,132 |
Card services income | 2,790 |  | 2,146 |
Other income | 2,478 |  | 1,788 |
Net gain on securities transactions | 12 |  | 124 |
Total Noninterest Income | 19,407 |  | 17,830 |
NONINTEREST EXPENSE |  |
Salaries and wages | 21,101 |  | 20,998 |
Other employee benefits | 5,611 |  | 5,376 |
Net occupancy expense of premises | 3,601 |  | 3,646 |
Furniture and fixture expense | 1,979 |  | 1,975 |
FDIC insurance | 582 |  | 667 |
Amortization of intangible assets | 412 |  | 451 |
Other operating expense | 10,923 |  | 10,608 |
Total Noninterest Expenses | 44,209 |  | 43,721 |
Income Before Income Tax Expense | 26,667 |  | 26,229 |
Income Tax Expense | 5,595 |  | 5,761 |
Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests and Tompkins Financial Corporation | 21,072 |  | 20,468 |
Less: Net Income Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests | 32 |  | 32 |
Net Income Attributable to Tompkins Financial Corporation | $ | 21,040 |  | $ | 20,436 |
Basic Earnings Per Share | $ | 1.37 |  | $ | 1.34 |
Diluted Earnings Per Share | $ | 1.37 |  | $ | 1.33 |

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
2

TOMPKINS FINANCIAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

| Three Months Ended
(In thousands) (Unaudited) | 3/31/2019 |  | 3/31/2018
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests and Tompkins Financial Corporation | $ | 21,072 |  |  | $ | 20,468 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |
Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |
Change in net unrealized gain/loss during the period | 11,894 |  |  | (14,610 | )
Reclassification adjustment for net realized (gain)loss on sale of available-for-sale securities included in net income | 0 |  |  | (94 | )
Employee benefit plans: |  |  |
Amortization of net retirement plan actuarial loss | 318 |  |  | 315 |
Amortization of net retirement plan prior service cost | 3 |  |  | 3 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | 12,215 |  |  | (14,386 | )
Subtotal comprehensive income attributable to noncontrolling interests and Tompkins Financial Corporation | 33,287 |  |  | 6,082 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (32 | ) |  | (32 | )
Total comprehensive income attributable to Tompkins Financial Corporation | $ | 33,255 |  |  | $ | 6,050 |

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
3

TOMPKINS FINANCIAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

| Three Months Ended
(In thousands) (Unaudited) | 3/31/2019 |  | 3/31/2018
OPERATING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Net income attributable to Tompkins Financial Corporation | $ | 21,040 |  |  | $ | 20,436 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Provision for loan and lease losses | 445 |  |  | 567 |
Depreciation and amortization of premises, equipment, and software | 2,480 |  |  | 2,473 |
Amortization of intangible assets | 412 |  |  | 451 |
Earnings from corporate owned life insurance | (643 | ) |  | (517 | )
Net amortization on securities | 1,786 |  |  | 2,371 |
Amortization/accretion related to purchase accounting | (369 | ) |  | (972 | )
Net gain on securities transactions | (12 | ) |  | 124 |
Net gain on sale of loans originated for sale | (94 | ) |  | (21 | )
Proceeds from sale of loans originated for sale | 8,586 |  |  | 840 |
Loans originated for sale | (6,059 | ) |  | (824 | )
Net loss (gain) on sale of bank premises and equipment | 7 |  |  | (6 | )
Net excess tax benefit from stock based compensation | 139 |  |  | 56 |
Stock-based compensation expense | 985 |  |  | 855 |
Increase in accrued interest receivable | (3,068 | ) |  | (734 | )
Increase in accrued interest payable | (274 | ) |  | (92 | )
Other, net | (8,923 | ) |  | (5,862 | )
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities | 16,438 |  |  | 19,145 |
INVESTING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Proceeds from maturities, calls and principal paydowns of available-for-sale securities | 51,409 |  |  | 35,611 |
Proceeds from sales of available-for-sale securities | 0 |  |  | 45,885 |
Proceeds from maturities, calls and principal paydowns of held-to-maturity securities | 3,821 |  |  | 1,447 |
Purchases of available-for-sale securities | (48,293 | ) |  | (82,256 | )
Purchases of held-to-maturity securities | (2,985 | ) |  | (1,461 | )
Net decrease (increase) in loans | 38,424 |  |  | (35,579 | )
Net increase in Federal Home Loan Bank stock | 7,174 |  |  | 3,478 |
Proceeds from sale of bank premises and equipment | 40 |  |  | 17 |
Purchases of bank premises, equipment and software | (1,641 | ) |  | (7,127 | )
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities | 47,949 |  |  | (39,985 | )
FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Net increase in demand, money market, and savings deposits | 76,549 |  |  | 154,746 |
Net increase (decrease) in time deposits | 24,697 |  |  | (61,896 | )
Net (decrease) in Federal funds purchased and securities sold under agreements to repurchase | (14,924 | ) |  | (6,046 | )
Increase in other borrowings | 13,752 |  |  | 118,332 |
Repayment of other borrowings | (166,400 | ) |  | (195,000 | )
Cash dividends | (7,657 | ) |  | (7,328 | )
Repurchase of common stock | 0 |  |  | (1,205 | )
Shares issued for employee stock ownership plan | 0 |  |  | 3,073 |
Net proceeds from exercise of stock options | (219 | ) |  | (37 | )
Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Financing Activities | (74,202 | ) |  | 4,639 |
Net Decrease in Cash and Cash Equivalents | (9,815 | ) |  | (16,201 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 80,389 |  |  | 84,303 |
Total Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period | $ | 70,574 |  |  | $ | 68,102 |

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

TOMPKINS FINANCIAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

| Three Months Ended
(In thousands) (Unaudited) | 3/31/2019 |  | 3/31/2018
Supplemental Information: |  |  |
Cash paid during the year for - Interest | $ | 13,568 |  |  | $ | 8,300 |
Cash paid during the year for - Taxes | 54 |  |  | 62 |

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
5

TOMPKINS FINANCIAL CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited)

(In thousands except share and per share data) | Common Stock | Additional Paid-in Capital | Retained Earnings | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income | Treasury Stock | Non- controlling Interests | Total
Balances at January 1, 2018 | $ | 1,530 |  | $ | 364,031 |  | $ | 265,007 |  | $ | (51,296 | ) | $ | (4,492 | ) | $ | 1,422 |  | $ | 576,202 |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests and Tompkins Financial Corporation |  |  | 20,436 |  |  |  | 32 |  | 20,468 |
Other comprehensive (loss) |  |  |  | (14,386 | ) |  |  | (14,386 | )
Total Comprehensive Income |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,082 |
Cash dividends ($0.48 per share) |  |  | (7,328 | ) |  |  |  | (7,328 | )
Net exercise of stock options (1,670 shares) |  |  | (37 | ) |  |  |  |  | (37 | )
Common stock repurchased and returned to unissued status (15,500 shares) | (1 | ) | (1,204 | ) |  |  |  |  | (1,205 | )
Stock-based compensation expense |  | 855 |  |  |  |  |  | 855 |
Shares issued for employee stock ownership plan (38,883 shares) | 4 |  | 3,069 |  |  |  |  |  | 3,073 |
Directors deferred compensation plan ((4,218) shares) |  | (48 | ) |  |  | 48 |  |  | 0 |
Restricted stock activity ((5,332) shares) | (1 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  | (1 | )
Adoption of Accounting Guidance ASU 2014-09 |  |  | 1,780 |  |  |  |  | 1,780 |
Adoption of Accounting Guidance ASU 2016-01 |  |  | (65 | ) | 65 |  |  |  | 0 |
Partial repurchase of noncontrolling interest |  |  |  |  |  | (10 | ) | (10 | )
Balances at March 31, 2018 | $ | 1,532 |  | $ | 366,666 |  | $ | 279,830 |  | $ | (65,617 | ) | $ | (4,444 | ) | $ | 1,444 |  | $ | 579,411 |
Balances at January 1, 2019 | $ | 1,535 |  | $ | 366,595 |  | $ | 319,396 |  | $ | (63,165 | ) | $ | (4,902 | ) | $ | 1,412 |  | $ | 620,871 |
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests and Tompkins Financial Corporation |  |  | 21,040 |  |  |  | 32 |  | 21,072 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  | 12,215 |  |  |  | 12,215 |
Total Comprehensive Income |  |  |  |  |  |  | 33,287 |
Cash dividends ($0.50 per share) |  |  | (7,657 | ) |  |  |  | (7,657 | )
Net exercise of stock options (4,996 shares) |  |  | (219 | ) |  |  |  |  | (219 | )
Stock-based compensation expense |  | 985 |  |  |  |  |  | 985 |
Directors deferred compensation plan ((4,770) shares) |  | (116 | ) |  |  | 116 |  |  | 0 |
Balances at March 31, 2019 | $ | 1,535 |  | $ | 367,245 |  | $ | 332,779 |  | $ | (50,950 | ) | $ | (4,786 | ) | $ | 1,444 |  | $ | 647,267 |

See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.
6

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Business
Tompkins Financial Corporation (“Tompkins” or the “Company”) is headquartered in Ithaca, New York and is registered as a Financial Holding Company with the Federal Reserve Board under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. The Company is a locally oriented, community-based financial services organization that offers a full array of products and services, including commercial and consumer banking, leasing, trust and investment management, financial planning and wealth management, and insurance services. At March 31, 2019, the Company’s subsidiaries included: four wholly-owned banking subsidiaries, Tompkins Trust Company (the “Trust Company”), The Bank of Castile (DBA Tompkins Bank of Castile), Mahopac Bank (DBA Tompkins Mahopac Bank), VIST Bank (DBA Tompkins VIST Bank); and a wholly-owned insurance agency subsidiary, Tompkins Insurance Agencies, Inc. (“Tompkins Insurance”). The trust division of the Trust Company provides a full array of investment services, including investment management, trust and estate, financial and tax planning as well as life, disability and long-term care insurance services. The Company’s principal offices are located at 118 E. Seneca Street, Ithaca, New York, 14850, and its telephone number is (888) 503-5753. The Company’s common stock is traded on the NYSE American under the Symbol “TMP.”
As a registered financial holding company, the Company is regulated under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (“BHC Act”), as amended and is subject to examination and comprehensive regulation by the Federal Reserve Board (“FRB”). The Company is also subject to the jurisdiction of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and is subject to disclosure and regulatory requirements under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Company is subject to the rules of the NYSE American for listed companies.
The Company’s banking subsidiaries are subject to examination and comprehensive regulation by various regulatory authorities, including the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), the New York State Department of Financial Services (“NYSDFS”), and the Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities (“PDBS”). Each of these agencies issues regulations and requires the filing of reports describing the activities and financial condition of the entities under its jurisdiction. Likewise, such agencies conduct examinations on a recurring basis to evaluate the safety and soundness of the institutions, and to test compliance with various regulatory requirements, including: consumer protection, privacy, fair lending, the Community Reinvestment Act, the Bank Secrecy Act, sales of non-deposit investments, electronic data processing, and trust department activities.
The trust division of Tompkins Trust Company is subject to examination and comprehensive regulation by the FDIC and NYSDFS.
The Company’s insurance subsidiary is subject to examination and regulation by the NYSDFS and the Pennsylvania Insurance Department.
2. Basis of Presentation
The unaudited consolidated financial statements included in this quarterly report do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for a full year presentation and certain disclosures have been condensed or omitted in accordance with rules and regulations of the SEC. In the application of certain accounting policies, management is required to make assumptions regarding the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of certain assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses in the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. Different amounts could be reported under different conditions, or if different assumptions were used in the application of these accounting policies. The accounting policies that management considers critical in this respect are the determination of the allowance for loan and lease losses and the review of its securities portfolio for other than temporary impairment.
In management’s opinion, the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature. The results of operations for the interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected for the full year ended December 31, 2019. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. There have been no significant changes to the Company’s accounting policies from those presented in the 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Refer to Note 3 - “Accounting Standards Updates” of this Report for a discussion of recently issued accounting guidelines.
7

Cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated statements of cash flow include cash and noninterest bearing balances due from banks, interest-bearing balances due from banks, and money market funds. Management regularly evaluates the credit risk associated with the counterparties to these transactions and believes that the Company is not exposed to any significant credit risk on cash and cash equivalents.
The Company has evaluated subsequent events for potential recognition and/or disclosure, and determined that no further disclosures were required.
The consolidated financial information included herein combines the results of operations, the assets, liabilities, and shareholders’ equity of the Company and its subsidiaries. Amounts in the prior periods’ unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are reclassified when necessary to conform to the current periods’ presentation. All significant intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.
3. Accounting Standards Updates
Newly Adopted Accounting Standards
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases.” Under the new guidance, lessees are required to recognize the following for all leases: 1) a lease liability, which is the present value of a lessee’s obligation to make lease payments, and 2) a right-of-use asset, which is an asset that represents the lessee’s right to use, or control the use of, a specified asset for the lease term. Lessor accounting under the new guidance remains largely unchanged as it is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing leases, and operating leases. Leveraged leases have been eliminated, although lessors can continue to account for existing leveraged leases using the current accounting guidance. Other limited changes were made to align lessor accounting with the lessee accounting model and the new revenue recognition standard. All entities will classify leases to determine how to recognize lease-related revenue and expense. Quantitative and qualitative disclosures are required by lessees and lessors to meet the objective of enabling users of financial statements to assess the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. The intention is to require enough information to supplement the amounts recorded in the financial statements so that users can understand more about the nature of an entity’s leasing activities. ASU No. 2016-02 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. All entities are required to use a modified retrospective approach for leases that exist or are entered into after the beginning of the earliest comparative period in the financial statements. As the Company elected the transition option provided in ASU No. 2018-11 (see below), the modified retrospective approach was applied on January 1, 2019 (as opposed to January 1, 2017). The Company also elected certain relief options offered in ASU 2016-02 including the package of practical expedients, however the Company has chosen to continue to separate lease and non-lease components instead of accounting for them as a single lease component. The Company did not elect the hindsight practical expedient, which allows entities to use hindsight when determining lease term and impairment of right-of-use assets. The Company has several lease agreements, such as leases for branch locations, which are considered operating leases, and therefore, were not previously recognized on the Company’s consolidated statements of condition. The new guidance requires these lease agreements to be recognized on the consolidated statements of condition as a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability. The new guidance did not have a material impact on the consolidated statements of income or the consolidated statements of cash flows. See Note 15 - "Leases" for more information.
In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, “Leases - Targeted Improvements” to provide entities with relief from the costs of implementing certain aspects of the new leasing standard, ASU No. 2016-02. Specifically, under the amendments in ASU 2018-11: (1) entities may elect not to recast the comparative periods presented when transitioning to the new leasing standard, and (2) lessors may elect not to separate lease and non-lease components when certain conditions are met. The amendments have the same effective date as ASU 2016-02 (January 1, 2019 for the Company). The Company adopted ASU 2018-11 on its required effective date of January 1, 2019 and elected both transition options mentioned above. ASU 2018-11 did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
In December 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-20, “Narrow-Scope Improvements for Lessors.” This ASU (1) allows lessors to make an accounting policy election of presenting sales taxes and other similar taxes collected from lessees on a net basis, (2) requires a lessor to exclude lessor costs paid directly by a lessee to third parties on the lessor’s behalf and include lessor costs that are paid by the lessor and reimbursed by the lessee in the measurement of variable lease revenue and the associated expense, and (3) clarifies that when lessors allocate variable payments to lease and non-lease components they are required to follow the recognition guidance in the new leases standard for the lease component and other applicable guidance, such as the new revenue standard, for the non-lease component. The Company adopted ASU 2018-20 on its required effective date of January 1, 2019 and its adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
8

In March 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-01, “Leases: Codification Improvements.” This ASU (1) states that for lessors that are not manufacturers or dealers, the fair value of the underlying asset is its cost, less any volume or trade discounts, as long as there is not a significant amount of time between acquisition of the asset and lease commencement; (2) clarifies that lessors in the scope of ASC 942 (such as the Company) must classify principal payments received from sales-type and direct financing leases in investing activities in the statement of cash flows; and (3) clarifies the transition guidance related to certain interim disclosures provided in the year of adoption. To coincide with the adoption of ASU No. 2016-02, the Company elected to early adopt ASU 2019-01 on January 1, 2019. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements.
ASU 2017-08 “Receivables - Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20) - Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities.” ASU 2017-08 shortens the amortization period for certain callable debt securities held at a premium to require such premiums to be amortized to the earliest call date unless applicable guidance related to certain pools of securities is applied to consider estimated prepayments. Under prior guidance, entities were generally required to amortize premiums on individual, non-pooled callable debt securities as a yield adjustment over the contractual life of the security. ASU 2017-08 does not change the accounting for callable debt securities held at a discount. ASU 2017-08 became effective for us on January 1, 2019 and did not have a significant impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
Accounting Standards Pending Adoption
Information about certain recently issued accounting standards updates is presented below. Also refer to Note 1 - "Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" in our 2018 Form 10-K for additional information related to previously issued accounting standards updates.
ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” ASU 2016-13 requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts and requires enhanced disclosures related to the significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses, as well as the credit quality and underwriting standards of an organization’s portfolio. In addition, ASU 2016-13 amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. ASU 2016-13 will be effective on January 1, 2020. Tompkins is currently evaluating the requirements of the new guidance. The Company expects that the new guidance will likely result in an increase in the allowance; however, Tompkins is unable to quantify the impact at this time since we are still reviewing the guidance. The extent of any impact to our allowance will depend, in part, upon the composition of our loan portfolio at the adoption date as well as economic conditions and loss forecasts at that date.
4. Securities
Available-for-Sales Securities
The following table summarizes available-for-sale securities held by the Company at March 31, 2019:

| Available-for-Sale Securities
March 31, 2019 | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
(in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasuries | $ | 280 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 280 |
Obligations of U.S. Government sponsored entities | 478,819 |  |  | 360 |  |  | 3,434 |  |  | 475,745 |
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions | 87,459 |  |  | 488 |  |  | 169 |  |  | 87,778 |
Mortgage-backed securities – residential, issued by |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government agencies | 147,971 |  |  | 684 |  |  | 2,645 |  |  | 146,010 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities | 642,054 |  |  | 1,182 |  |  | 11,908 |  |  | 631,328 |
Non-U.S. Government agencies or sponsored entities | 19 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 19 |
U.S. corporate debt securities | 2,500 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 2,450 |
Total available-for-sale securities | $ | 1,359,102 |  |  | $ | 2,714 |  |  | $ | 18,206 |  |  | $ | 1,343,610 |

9

The following table summarizes available-for-sale securities held by the Company at December 31, 2018:

| Available-for-Sale Securities
December 31, 2018 | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
(in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasuries | $ | 289 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 289 |
Obligations of U.S. Government sponsored entities | 493,371 |  |  | 80 |  |  | 7,553 |  |  | 485,898 |
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions | 86,260 |  |  | 113 |  |  | 933 |  |  | 85,440 |
Mortgage-backed securities – residential, issued by |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government agencies | 131,831 |  |  | 168 |  |  | 3,732 |  |  | 128,267 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities | 649,620 |  |  | 537 |  |  | 19,599 |  |  | 630,558 |
Non-U.S. Government agencies or sponsored entities | 31 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 31 |
U.S. corporate debt securities | 2,500 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 325 |  |  | 2,175 |
Total available-for-sale securities | $ | 1,363,902 |  |  | $ | 898 |  |  | $ | 32,142 |  |  | $ | 1,332,658 |

Held-to-Maturity Securities
The following table summarizes held-to-maturity securities held by the Company at March 31, 2019:

| Held-to-Maturity Securities
March 31, 2019 | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
(in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. Government sponsored entities | $ | 131,205 |  |  | $ | 929 |  |  | $ | 149 |  |  | $ | 131,985 |
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions | 8,437 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 8,437 |
Total held-to-maturity debt securities | $ | 139,642 |  |  | $ | 948 |  |  | $ | 168 |  |  | $ | 140,422 |

The following table summarizes held-to-maturity securities held by the Company at December 31, 2018:

| Held-to-Maturity Securities
December 31, 2018 | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
(in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Obligations of U.S. Government sponsored entities | $ | 131,306 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 1,198 |  |  | $ | 130,108 |
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions | 9,273 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 9,269 |
Total held-to-maturity debt securities | $ | 140,579 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 1,222 |  |  | $ | 139,377 |

The Company may from time to time sell investment securities from its available-for-sale portfolio. Realized gains on available-for-sale securities were $0 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and $124,000 for the same period during 2018. Realized losses on available-for-sale securities were $0 for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and $0 for the same period during 2018. The sales of available-for-sale investment securities were the result of general investment portfolio and interest rate risk management. The Company also recognized gains of $12,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019, on equity securities, reflecting the change in fair value.
10

The following table summarizes available-for-sale securities that had unrealized losses at March 31, 2019:

| Less than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or Longer |  | Total
(in thousands) | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
Obligations of U.S. Government sponsored entities | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 420,382 |  |  | $ | 3,434 |  |  | $ | 420,382 |  |  | $ | 3,434 |
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions | 1,582 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 31,020 |  |  | 162 |  |  | 32,602 |  |  | 169 |
Mortgage-backed securities – residential, issued by |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government agencies | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 93,706 |  |  | 2,645 |  |  | 93,706 |  |  | 2,645 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities | 5,572 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 529,595 |  |  | 11,875 |  |  | 535,167 |  |  | 11,908 |
U.S. corporate debt securities | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 2,450 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 2,450 |  |  | 50 |
Total available-for-sale securities | $ | 7,154 |  |  | $ | 40 |  |  | $ | 1,077,153 |  |  | $ | 18,166 |  |  | $ | 1,084,307 |  |  | $ | 18,206 |

The following table summarizes available-for-sale securities that had unrealized losses at December 31, 2018:

| Less than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or Longer |  | Total
(in thousands) | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
Obligations of U.S. Government sponsored entities | $ | 21,660 |  |  | $ | 183 |  |  | $ | 449,141 |  |  | $ | 7,370 |  |  | $ | 470,801 |  |  | $ | 7,553 |
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions | 11,971 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 49,756 |  |  | 914 |  |  | 61,727 |  |  | 933 |
Mortgage-backed securities – residential, issued by |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government agencies | 16,854 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 96,247 |  |  | 3,710 |  |  | 113,101 |  |  | 3,732 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities | 61,163 |  |  | 662 |  |  | 512,216 |  |  | 18,937 |  |  | 573,379 |  |  | 19,599 |
U.S. corporate debt securities | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 2,175 |  |  | 325 |  |  | 2,175 |  |  | 325 |
Total available-for-sale securities | $ | 111,648 |  |  | $ | 886 |  |  | $ | 1,109,535 |  |  | $ | 31,256 |  |  | $ | 1,221,183 |  |  | $ | 32,142 |

Beginning January 1, 2018, upon adoption of ASU 2016-01, equity securities with readily determinable fair values are stated at fair value with realized and unrealized gains and losses reported in the consolidated statement of income. For periods prior to adoption, equity securities were classified as available-for-sale and stated at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income, net of tax.
The following table summarizes held-to-maturity securities that had unrealized losses at March 31, 2019.

| Less than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or Longer |  | Total
(in thousands) | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
Obligations of U.S. Government sponsored entities | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 35,130 |  |  | $ | 149 |  |  | $ | 35,130 |  |  | $ | 149 |
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions | 4,885 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 4,885 |  |  | 19 |
Total held-to-maturity securities | $ | 4,885 |  |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 35,130 |  |  | $ | 149 |  |  | $ | 40,015 |  |  | $ | 168 |

The following table summarizes held-to-maturity securities that had unrealized losses at December 31, 2018.
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| Less than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or Longer |  | Total
(in thousands) | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
Obligations of U.S. Government sponsored entities | $ | 4,980 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 125,128 |  |  | $ | 1,189 |  |  | $ | 130,108 |  |  | $ | 1,198 |
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions | 8,127 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 8,127 |  |  | 24 |
Total held-to-maturity securities | $ | 13,107 |  |  | $ | 33 |  |  | $ | 125,128 |  |  | $ | 1,189 |  |  | $ | 138,235 |  |  | $ | 1,222 |

The gross unrealized losses reported for residential mortgage-backed securities relate to investment securities issued by U.S. government sponsored entities such as Federal National Mortgage Association, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, and U.S. government agencies such as Government National Mortgage Association. The total gross unrealized losses, shown in the tables above, were primarily attributable to changes in interest rates and levels of market liquidity, relative to when the investment securities were purchased, and not due to the credit quality of the investment securities.
The Company does not intend to sell other-than-temporarily impaired investment securities that are in an unrealized loss position until recovery of unrealized losses (which may be until maturity), and it is not more-likely-than not that the Company will be required to sell the investment securities, before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be at maturity. Accordingly, as of March 31, 2019, and December 31, 2018, management has determined that the unrealized losses detailed in the tables above are not other-than-temporary.
Ongoing Assessment of Other-Than-Temporary Impairment
On a quarterly basis, the Company performs an assessment to determine whether there have been any events or economic circumstances indicating that a security with an unrealized loss has suffered other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”). A debt security is considered impaired if the fair value is less than its amortized cost basis (including any previous OTTI charges) at the reporting date. If impaired, the Company then assesses whether the unrealized loss is other-than-temporary. An unrealized loss on a debt security is generally deemed to be other-than-temporary and a credit loss is deemed to exist if the present value, discounted at the security’s effective rate, of the expected future cash flows is less than the amortized cost basis of the debt security. As a result, the credit loss component of an other-than-temporary impairment write-down for debt securities is recorded in earnings while the remaining portion of the impairment loss is recognized, net of tax, in other comprehensive income (loss) provided that the Company does not intend to sell the underlying debt security and it is more-likely-than not that the Company would not have to sell the debt security prior to recovery of the unrealized loss, which may be to maturity. If the Company intended to sell any securities with an unrealized loss or it is more-likely-than not that the Company would be required to sell the investment securities, before recovery of their amortized cost basis, then the entire unrealized loss would be recorded in earnings.
12

The Company considers the following factors in determining whether a credit loss exists.

• | The length of time and the extent to which the fair value has been less than the amortized cost basis;

• | The level of credit enhancement provided by the structure which includes, but is not limited to, credit subordination positions, excess spreads, overcollateralization, protective triggers;

• | Changes in the near term prospects of the issuer or underlying collateral of a security, such as changes in default rates, loss severities given default and significant changes in prepayment assumptions;

• | The level of excess cash flow generated from the underlying collateral supporting the principal and interest payments of the debt securities; and

• | Any adverse change to the credit conditions of the issuer or the security such as credit downgrades by the rating agencies.

As a result of the other-than-temporarily impairment review process, the Company does not consider any investment security held at March 31, 2019 to be other-than-temporarily impaired.
The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities by contractual maturity are shown in the following table. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Mortgage-backed securities are shown separately since they are not due at a single maturity date.

March 31, 2019 |  |  |
(in thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |
Due in one year or less | $ | 117,858 |  |  | $ | 117,495 |
Due after one year through five years | 308,679 |  |  | 306,959 |
Due after five years through ten years | 130,809 |  |  | 130,118 |
Due after ten years | 11,712 |  |  | 11,681 |
Total | 569,058 |  |  | 566,253 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 790,044 |  |  | 777,357 |
Total available-for-sale debt securities | $ | 1,359,102 |  |  | $ | 1,343,610 |

December 31, 2018 |  |  |
(in thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |
Due in one year or less | $ | 78,160 |  |  | $ | 77,930 |
Due after one year through five years | 355,499 |  |  | 350,470 |
Due after five years through ten years | 139,560 |  |  | 136,734 |
Due after ten years | 9,201 |  |  | 8,668 |
Total | 582,420 |  |  | 573,802 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 781,482 |  |  | 758,856 |
Total available-for-sale debt securities | $ | 1,363,902 |  |  | $ | 1,332,658 |

13

March 31, 2019 |  |  |
(in thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
Held-to-maturity securities: |  |  |
Due in one year or less | $ | 8,105 |  |  | $ | 8,093 |
Due after one year through five years | 86,335 |  |  | 86,381 |
Due after five years through ten years | 45,202 |  |  | 45,948 |
Total held-to-maturity debt securities | $ | 139,642 |  |  | $ | 140,422 |

December 31, 2018 |  |  |
(in thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
Held-to-maturity securities: |  |  |
Due in one year or less | $ | 8,850 |  |  | $ | 8,832 |
Due after one year through five years | 86,520 |  |  | 85,645 |
Due after five years through ten years | 45,209 |  |  | 44,900 |
Total held-to-maturity debt securities | $ | 140,579 |  |  | $ | 139,377 |

The Company also holds non-marketable Federal Home Loan Bank New York (“FHLBNY”) stock, non-marketable Federal Home Loan Bank Pittsburgh (“FHLBPITT”) stock and non-marketable Atlantic Community Bankers Bank stock ("ACBB"), all of which are required to be held for regulatory purposes and for borrowing availability. The required investment in FHLB stock is tied to the Company’s borrowing levels with the FHLB. Holdings of FHLBNY stock, FHLBPITT stock, and ACBB stock totaled $31.6 million, $13.4 million and $95,000 at March 31, 2019, respectively. These securities are carried at par, which is also cost. The FHLBNY and FHLBPITT continue to pay dividends and repurchase stock. Quarterly, we evaluate our investment in the FHLB for impairment. We evaluate recent and long-term operating performance, liquidity, funding and capital positions, stock repurchase history, dividend history and impact of legislative and regulatory changes. Based on our most recent evaluation, as of March 31, 2019, we have determined that no impairment write-downs are currently required.
14

5. Loans and Leases
Loans and Leases at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 were as follows:

| 3/31/2019 |  | 12/31/2018
(in thousands) | Originated |  | Acquired |  | Total Loans and Leases |  | Originated |  | Acquired |  | Total Loans and Leases
Commercial and industrial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agriculture | 94,737 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 94,737 |  |  | 107,494 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 107,494 |
Commercial and industrial other | 910,784 |  |  | 42,665 |  |  | 953,449 |  |  | 926,429 |  |  | 43,712 |  |  | 970,141 |
Subtotal commercial and industrial | 1,005,521 |  |  | 42,665 |  |  | 1,048,186 |  |  | 1,033,923 |  |  | 43,712 |  |  | 1,077,635 |
Commercial real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction | 167,181 |  |  | 1,361 |  |  | 168,542 |  |  | 164,285 |  |  | 1,384 |  |  | 165,669 |
Agriculture | 170,528 |  |  | 219 |  |  | 170,747 |  |  | 170,005 |  |  | 224 |  |  | 170,229 |
Commercial real estate other | 1,834,496 |  |  | 172,169 |  |  | 2,006,665 |  |  | 1,827,279 |  |  | 177,484 |  |  | 2,004,763 |
Subtotal commercial real estate | 2,172,205 |  |  | 173,749 |  |  | 2,345,954 |  |  | 2,161,569 |  |  | 179,092 |  |  | 2,340,661 |
Residential real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity | 203,538 |  |  | 19,586 |  |  | 223,124 |  |  | 208,459 |  |  | 21,149 |  |  | 229,608 |
Mortgages | 1,070,806 |  |  | 20,086 |  |  | 1,090,892 |  |  | 1,083,802 |  |  | 20,484 |  |  | 1,104,286 |
Subtotal residential real estate | 1,274,344 |  |  | 39,672 |  |  | 1,314,016 |  |  | 1,292,261 |  |  | 41,633 |  |  | 1,333,894 |
Consumer and other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Indirect | 13,430 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 13,430 |  |  | 12,663 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 12,663 |
Consumer and other | 55,885 |  |  | 811 |  |  | 56,696 |  |  | 57,565 |  |  | 761 |  |  | 58,326 |
Subtotal consumer and other | 69,315 |  |  | 811 |  |  | 70,126 |  |  | 70,228 |  |  | 761 |  |  | 70,989 |
Leases | 15,164 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 15,164 |  |  | 14,556 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 14,556 |
Total loans and leases | 4,536,549 |  |  | 256,897 |  |  | 4,793,446 |  |  | 4,572,537 |  |  | 265,198 |  |  | 4,837,735 |
Less: unearned income and deferred costs and fees | (3,746 | ) |  | 0 |  |  | (3,746 | ) |  | (3,796 | ) |  | 0 |  |  | (3,796 | )
Total loans and leases, net of unearned income and deferred costs and fees | 4,532,803 |  |  | 256,897 |  |  | 4,789,700 |  |  | 4,568,741 |  |  | 265,198 |  |  | 4,833,939 |

The outstanding principal balance and the related carrying amount of the Company’s loans acquired in the VIST Bank acquisition are as follows at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

(in thousands) | 03/31/2019 |  |  | 12/31/2018
Acquired Credit Impaired Loans |  |  |
Outstanding principal balance | $ | 12,564 |  |  | $ | 12,822 |
Carrying amount | 10,793 |  |  | 11,036 |
Acquired Non-Credit Impaired Loans |  |  |
Outstanding principal balance | 248,091 |  |  | 256,265 |
Carrying amount | 246,104 |  |  | 254,162 |
Total Acquired Loans |  |  |
Outstanding principal balance | 260,655 |  |  | 269,087 |
Carrying amount | 256,897 |  |  | 265,198 |

15

The Company has adopted comprehensive lending policies, underwriting standards and loan review procedures. Management reviews these policies and procedures on a regular basis. The Company discussed its lending policies and underwriting guidelines for its various lending portfolios in Note 3 – “Loans and Leases” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. There have been no significant changes in these policies and guidelines since the date of that report. As such, these policies are reflective of new originations as well as those balances held at March 31, 2019. The Company’s Board of Directors approves the lending policies at least annually. The Company recognizes that exceptions to policy guidelines may occasionally occur and has established procedures for approving exceptions to these policy guidelines. Management has also implemented reporting systems to monitor loan origination, loan quality, concentrations of credit, loan delinquencies and nonperforming loans and potential problem loans.
Loans are considered past due if the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments are due. Generally loans are placed on nonaccrual status if principal or interest payments become 90 days or more past due and/or management deems the collectability of the principal and/or interest to be in question as well as when required by regulatory agencies. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Payments received on loans on nonaccrual are generally applied to reduce the principal balance of the loan. Loans are generally returned to accrual status when all the principal and interest amounts contractually due are brought current, the borrower has established a payment history, and future payments are reasonably assured. When management determines that the collection of principal in full is not probable, management will charge-off a partial amount or full amount of the loan balance. Management considers specific facts and circumstances relative to each individual credit in making such a determination. For residential and consumer loans, management uses specific regulatory guidance and thresholds for determining charge-offs.
Acquired loans that met the criteria for nonaccrual of interest prior to the acquisition may be considered performing after the date of acquisition, regardless of whether the customer is contractually delinquent, if we can reasonably estimate the timing and amount of the expected cash flows on such loans and if the Company expects to fully collect the new carrying value of the loans. As such, we may no longer consider the loan to be nonaccrual or nonperforming and may accrue interest on these loans, including the impact of any accretable discount. To the extent we cannot reasonably estimate cash flows, interest income recognition is discontinued. The Company has determined that it can reasonably estimate future cash flows on our acquired loans that are past due 90 days or more and accruing interest and the Company expects to fully collect the carrying value of the loans.
16

The below table is an age analysis of past due loans, segregated by originated and acquired loan and lease portfolios, and by class of loans, as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

March 31, 2019 |  |  |
(in thousands) | 30-89 days | 90 days or more | Current Loans | Total Loans | 90 days and accruing 1 | Nonaccrual
Originated Loans and Leases |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  |  |  |  |  |
Agriculture | $ | 0 |  | $ | 0 |  | $ | 94,737 |  | $ | 94,737 |  | $ | 0 |  | $ | 0 |
Commercial and industrial other | 1,448 |  | 3,133 |  | 906,203 |  | 910,784 |  | 0 |  | 1,926 |
Subtotal commercial and industrial | 1,448 |  | 3,133 |  | 1,000,940 |  | 1,005,521 |  | 0 |  | 1,926 |
Commercial real estate |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction | 0 |  | 0 |  | 167,181 |  | 167,181 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Agriculture | 71 |  | 0 |  | 170,457 |  | 170,528 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Commercial real estate other | 678 |  | 1,784 |  | 1,832,034 |  | 1,834,496 |  | 0 |  | 3,428 |
Subtotal commercial real estate | 749 |  | 1,784 |  | 2,169,672 |  | 2,172,205 |  | 0 |  | 3,428 |
Residential real estate |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity | 589 |  | 1,215 |  | 201,734 |  | 203,538 |  | 0 |  | 1,922 |
Mortgages | 1,163 |  | 4,883 |  | 1,064,760 |  | 1,070,806 |  | 0 |  | 7,655 |
Subtotal residential real estate | 1,752 |  | 6,098 |  | 1,266,494 |  | 1,274,344 |  | 0 |  | 9,577 |
Consumer and other |  |  |  |  |  |
Indirect | 161 |  | 52 |  | 13,217 |  | 13,430 |  | 0 |  | 140 |
Consumer and other | 83 |  | 30 |  | 55,772 |  | 55,885 |  | 0 |  | 94 |
Subtotal consumer and other | 244 |  | 82 |  | 68,989 |  | 69,315 |  | 0 |  | 234 |
Leases | 0 |  | 0 |  | 15,164 |  | 15,164 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Total loans and leases | 4,193 |  | 11,097 |  | 4,521,259 |  | 4,536,549 |  | 0 |  | 15,165 |
Less: unearned income and deferred costs and fees | 0 |  | 0 |  | (3,746 | ) | (3,746 | ) | 0 |  | 0 |
Total originated loans and leases, net of unearned income and deferred costs and fees | $ | 4,193 |  | $ | 11,097 |  | $ | 4,517,513 |  | $ | 4,532,803 |  | $ | 0 |  | $ | 15,165 |
Acquired Loans and Leases |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial other | 5 |  | 6 |  | 42,654 |  | 42,665 |  | 9 |  | 7 |
Subtotal commercial and industrial | 5 |  | 6 |  | 42,654 |  | 42,665 |  | 9 |  | 7 |
Commercial real estate |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction | 0 |  | 0 |  | 1,361 |  | 1,361 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Agriculture | 0 |  | 0 |  | 219 |  | 219 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Commercial real estate other | 113 |  | 811 |  | 171,245 |  | 172,169 |  | 525 |  | 314 |
Subtotal commercial real estate | 113 |  | 811 |  | 172,825 |  | 173,749 |  | 525 |  | 314 |
Residential real estate |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity | 328 |  | 439 |  | 18,819 |  | 19,586 |  | 59 |  | 1,185 |
Mortgages | 25 |  | 1,039 |  | 19,022 |  | 20,086 |  | 625 |  | 1,071 |
Subtotal residential real estate | 353 |  | 1,478 |  | 37,841 |  | 39,672 |  | 684 |  | 2,256 |
Consumer and other |  |  |  |  |  |
Consumer and other | 3 |  | 2 |  | 806 |  | 811 |  | 0 |  | 2 |
Subtotal consumer and other | 3 |  | 2 |  | 806 |  | 811 |  | 0 |  | 2 |
Total acquired loans and leases, net of unearned income and deferred costs and fees | $ | 474 |  | $ | 2,297 |  | $ | 254,126 |  | $ | 256,897 |  | $ | 1,218 |  | $ | 2,579 |

17

December 31, 2018
(in thousands) | 30-89 days | 90 days or more | Current Loans | Total Loans | 90 days and accruing 1 | Nonaccrual
Originated loans and leases |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  |  |  |  |  |
Agriculture | $ | 0 |  | $ | 0 |  | $ | 107,494 |  | $ | 107,494 |  | $ | 0 |  | $ | 0 |
Commercial and industrial other | 2,367 |  | 1,659 |  | 922,403 |  | 926,429 |  | 0 |  | 1,861 |
Subtotal commercial and industrial | 2,367 |  | 1,659 |  | 1,029,897 |  | 1,033,923 |  | 0 |  | 1,861 |
Commercial real estate |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction | 0 |  | 0 |  | 164,285 |  | 164,285 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Agriculture | 71 |  | 0 |  | 169,934 |  | 170,005 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Commercial real estate other | 1,201 |  | 1,856 |  | 1,824,222 |  | 1,827,279 |  | 0 |  | 7,691 |
Subtotal commercial real estate | 1,272 |  | 1,856 |  | 2,158,441 |  | 2,161,569 |  | 0 |  | 7,691 |
Residential real estate |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity | 986 |  | 1,026 |  | 206,447 |  | 208,459 |  | 0 |  | 1,784 |
Mortgages | 2,693 |  | 4,027 |  | 1,077,082 |  | 1,083,802 |  | 0 |  | 7,770 |
Subtotal residential real estate | 3,679 |  | 5,053 |  | 1,283,529 |  | 1,292,261 |  | 0 |  | 9,554 |
Consumer and other |  |  |  |  |  |
Indirect | 333 |  | 59 |  | 12,271 |  | 12,663 |  | 0 |  | 155 |
Consumer and other | 187 |  | 24 |  | 57,354 |  | 57,565 |  | 0 |  | 79 |
Subtotal consumer and other | 520 |  | 83 |  | 69,625 |  | 70,228 |  | 0 |  | 234 |
Leases | 0 |  | 0 |  | 14,556 |  | 14,556 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Total loans and leases | 7,838 |  | 8,651 |  | 4,556,048 |  | 4,572,537 |  | 0 |  | 19,340 |
Less: unearned income and deferred costs and fees | 0 |  | 0 |  | (3,796 | ) | (3,796 | ) | 0 |  | 0 |
Total originated loans and leases, net of unearned income and deferred costs and fees | $ | 7,838 |  | $ | 8,651 |  | $ | 4,552,252 |  | $ | 4,568,741 |  | $ | 0 |  | $ | 19,340 |
Acquired loans and leases |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial other | 0 |  | 10 |  | 43,702 |  | 43,712 |  | 10 |  | 22 |
Subtotal commercial and industrial | 0 |  | 10 |  | 43,702 |  | 43,712 |  | 10 |  | 22 |
Commercial real estate |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction | 0 |  | 0 |  | 1,384 |  | 1,384 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Agriculture | 0 |  | 0 |  | 224 |  | 224 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Commercial real estate other | 0 |  | 839 |  | 176,645 |  | 177,484 |  | 525 |  | 316 |
Subtotal commercial real estate | 0 |  | 839 |  | 178,253 |  | 179,092 |  | 525 |  | 316 |
Residential real estate |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity | 46 |  | 803 |  | 20,300 |  | 21,149 |  | 59 |  | 1,414 |
Mortgages | 18 |  | 969 |  | 19,497 |  | 20,484 |  | 722 |  | 1,104 |
Subtotal residential real estate | 64 |  | 1,772 |  | 39,797 |  | 41,633 |  | 781 |  | 2,518 |
Consumer and other |  |  |  |  |  |
Consumer and other | 3 |  | 0 |  | 758 |  | 761 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Subtotal consumer and other | 3 |  | 0 |  | 758 |  | 761 |  | 0 |  | 0 |
Total acquired loans and leases, net of unearned income and deferred costs and fees | $ | 67 |  | $ | 2,621 |  | $ | 262,510 |  | $ | 265,198 |  | $ | 1,316 |  | $ | 2,856 |

1 Includes acquired loans that were recorded at fair value at the acquisition date.
18

6. Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
Originated Loans and Leases
Management reviews the appropriateness of the allowance for loan and lease losses (“allowance”) on a regular basis. Management considers the accounting policy relating to the allowance to be a critical accounting policy, given the inherent uncertainty in evaluating the levels of the allowance required to cover credit losses in the portfolio and the material effect that assumptions could have on the Company’s results of operations. The Company has developed a methodology to measure the amount of estimated loan loss exposure inherent in the loan portfolio to assure that an appropriate allowance is maintained. The Company’s methodology is based upon guidance provided in SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 102, Selected Loan Loss Allowance Methodology and Documentation Issues and ASC Topic 310, Receivables and ASC Topic 450, Contingencies.
The model is comprised of four major components that management has deemed appropriate in evaluating the appropriateness of the allowance for loan and lease losses. While none of these components, when used independently, is effective in arriving at a reserve level that appropriately measures the risk inherent in the portfolio, management believes that using them collectively, provides reasonable measurement of the loss exposure in the portfolio. The four components include: impaired loans; individually reviewed and graded loans; historical loss experience; and qualitative or subjective analysis.
Since the methodology is based upon historical experience and trends as well as management’s judgment, factors may arise that result in different estimates. Significant factors that could give rise to changes in these estimates may include, but are not limited to, changes in economic conditions in the local area, concentration of risk, changes in interest rates, and declines in local property values. While management’s evaluation of the allowance as of March 31, 2019, considers the allowance to be appropriate, under adversely different conditions or assumptions, the Company would need to increase or decrease the allowance.
Acquired Loans and Leases
Acquired loans accounted for under ASC 310-30
For our acquired loans, our allowance for loan losses is estimated based upon our expected cash flows for these loans. To the extent that we experience a deterioration in borrower credit quality resulting in a decrease in our expected cash flows subsequent to the acquisition of the loans, an allowance for loan losses would be established based on our estimate of future credit losses over the remaining life of the loans.
Acquired loans accounted for under ASC 310-20
We establish our allowance for loan losses through a provision for credit losses based upon an evaluation process that is similar to our evaluation process used for originated loans. This evaluation, which includes a review of loans on which full collectability may not be reasonably assured, considers, among other matters, the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral, economic conditions, historical net loan loss experience, carrying value of the loans, which includes the remaining net purchase discount or premium, and other factors that warrant recognition in determining our allowance for loan losses.
The following tables detail activity in the allowance for loan and lease losses segregated by originated and acquired loan and lease portfolios and by portfolio segment for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018. Allocation of a portion of the allowance to one category of loans does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories.

Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | Commercial and Industrial |  |  | Commercial Real Estate |  |  | Residential Real Estate |  |  | Consumer and Other |  |  | Finance Leases |  |  | Total |
Allowance for originated loans and leases
Beginning balance | $ | 11,217 |  |  | $ | 23,483 |  |  | $ | 7,317 |  |  | $ | 1,304 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 43,321 |
Charge-offs | (380 | ) |  | (3,343 | ) |  | (18 | ) |  | (180 | ) |  | 0 |  |  | (3,921 | )
Recoveries | 43 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 226 |  |  | 95 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 365 |
Provision (credit) | 643 |  |  | 904 |  |  | (1,121 | ) |  | 54 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 480 |
Ending Balance | $ | 11,523 |  |  | $ | 21,045 |  |  | $ | 6,404 |  |  | $ | 1,273 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 40,245 |

19

Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | Commercial and Industrial |  |  | Commercial Real Estate |  |  | Residential Real Estate |  |  | Consumer and Other |  |  | Finance Leases |  |  | Total |
Allowance for acquired loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 89 |
Charge-offs | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |
Recoveries | 16 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 29 |
Provision (credit) | (71 | ) |  | 19 |  |  | 23 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | 0 |  |  | (35 | )
Ending Balance | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 83 |

Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | Commercial and Industrial |  |  | Commercial Real Estate |  |  | Residential Real Estate |  |  | Consumer and Other |  |  | Finance Leases |  |  | Total |
Allowance for originated loans and leases |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 11,812 |  |  | $ | 20,412 |  |  | $ | 6,161 |  |  | $ | 1,301 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | 39,686 |
Charge-offs | (3 | ) |  | 0 |  |  | (185 | ) |  | (292 | ) |  | 0 |  |  | (480 | )
Recoveries | 6 |  |  | 170 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 293 |
Provision (credit) | 616 |  |  | (180 | ) |  | (46 | ) |  | 218 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 608 |
Ending Balance | $ | 12,431 |  |  | $ | 20,402 |  |  | $ | 5,972 |  |  | $ | 1,302 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 40,107 |

Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | Commercial and Industrial |  |  | Commercial Real Estate |  |  | Residential Real Estate |  |  | Consumer and Other |  |  | Covered Loans |  |  | Total |
Allowance for acquired loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 54 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 85 |
Charge-offs | (1 | ) |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | (1 | )
Recoveries | 20 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 61 |
Provision (credit) | (19 | ) |  | (8 | ) |  | (14 | ) |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | (41 | )
Ending Balance | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 73 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 104 |

At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the allocation of the allowance for loan and lease losses summarized on the basis of the Company’s impairment methodology was as follows:

(in thousands) | Commercial and Industrial |  |  | Commercial Real Estate |  |  | Residential Real Estate |  |  | Consumer and Other |  |  | Finance Leases |  |  | Total |
Allowance for originated loans and leases |  |  |  |
March 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 384 |  |  | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 435 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 11,139 |  |  | 20,994 |  |  | 6,404 |  |  | 1,273 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 39,810 |
Ending balance | $ | 11,523 |  |  | $ | 21,045 |  |  | $ | 6,404 |  |  | $ | 1,273 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 40,245 |

20

(in thousands) | Commercial and Industrial |  |  | Commercial Real Estate |  |  | Residential Real Estate |  |  | Consumer and Other |  |  | Covered Loans |  |  | Total |
Allowance for acquired loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
March 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 0 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 83 |
Ending balance | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 83 |

(in thousands) | Commercial and Industrial |  |  | Commercial Real Estate |  |  | Residential Real Estate |  |  | Consumer and Other |  |  | Finance Leases |  |  | Total |
Allowance for originated loans and leases |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 397 |  |  | $ | 3,365 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 3,762 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 10,820 |  |  | 20,118 |  |  | 7,317 |  |  | 1,304 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 39,559 |
Ending balance | $ | 11,217 |  |  | $ | 23,483 |  |  | $ | 7,317 |  |  | $ | 1,304 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 43,321 |

(in thousands) | Commercial and Industrial |  |  | Commercial Real Estate |  |  | Residential Real Estate |  |  | Consumer and Other |  |  | Covered Loans |  |  | Total |
Allowance for acquired loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 55 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 89 |
Ending balance | $ | 55 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 89 |

The recorded investment in loans and leases summarized on the basis of the Company’s impairment methodology as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018 was as follows:

(in thousands) | Commercial and Industrial |  |  | Commercial Real Estate |  |  | Residential Real Estate |  |  | Consumer and Other |  |  | Finance Leases |  |  | Total |
Originated loans and leases |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
March 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 1,925 |  |  | $ | 5,009 |  |  | $ | 4,047 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 10,981 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 1,003,596 |  |  | 2,167,196 |  |  | 1,270,297 |  |  | 69,315 |  |  | 15,164 |  |  | 4,525,568 |
Total | $ | 1,005,521 |  |  | $ | 2,172,205 |  |  | $ | 1,274,344 |  |  | $ | 69,315 |  |  | $ | 15,164 |  |  | $ | 4,536,549 |

21

(in thousands) | Commercial and Industrial |  |  | Commercial Real Estate |  |  | Residential Real Estate |  |  | Consumer and Other |  |  | Covered Loans |  |  | Total |
Acquired loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
March 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 840 |  |  | $ | 2,669 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 3,521 |
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality | 291 |  |  | 5,802 |  |  | 4,700 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 10,793 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 42,362 |  |  | 167,107 |  |  | 32,303 |  |  | 811 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 242,583 |
Total | $ | 42,665 |  |  | $ | 173,749 |  |  | $ | 39,672 |  |  | $ | 811 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 256,897 |

(in thousands) | Commercial and Industrial |  |  | Commercial Real Estate |  |  | Residential Real Estate |  |  | Consumer and Other |  |  | Finance Leases |  |  | Total |
Originated loans and leases |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 1,864 |  |  | $ | 8,388 |  |  | $ | 3,915 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 14,167 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 1,032,059 |  |  | 2,153,181 |  |  | 1,288,346 |  |  | 70,228 |  |  | 14,556 |  |  | 4,558,370 |
Total | $ | 1,033,923 |  |  | $ | 2,161,569 |  |  | $ | 1,292,261 |  |  | $ | 70,228 |  |  | $ | 14,556 |  |  | $ | 4,572,537 |

(in thousands) | Commercial and Industrial |  |  | Commercial Real Estate |  |  | Residential Real Estate |  |  | Consumer and Other |  |  | Covered Loans |  |  | Total |
Acquired loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 842 |  |  | $ | 2,564 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 3,438 |
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality | 153 |  |  | 5,852 |  |  | 5,031 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 11,036 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | 43,527 |  |  | 172,398 |  |  | 34,038 |  |  | 761 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 250,724 |
Total | $ | 43,712 |  |  | $ | 179,092 |  |  | $ | 41,633 |  |  | $ | 761 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 265,198 |

A loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired loans consist of our non-homogenous nonaccrual loans, and all loans restructured in a troubled debt restructuring (TDR). Specific reserves on individually identified impaired loans that are not collateral dependent are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate of each loan. For loans that are collateral dependent, impairment is measured based on the fair value of the collateral less estimated selling costs, and such impaired amounts are generally charged off. The majority of impaired loans are collateral dependent impaired loans that have limited exposure or require limited specific reserves because of the amount of collateral support with respect to these loans, and previous charge-offs. Interest payments on impaired loans are typically applied to principal unless collectability of the principal amount is reasonably assured. In these cases, interest is recognized on a cash basis. Impaired loans are as follows:
22

| March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
(in thousands) | Recorded Investment |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Related Allowance |  | Recorded Investment |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Related Allowance
Originated loans and leases with no related allowance |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial other | $ | 1,116 |  |  | $ | 1,343 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 183 |  |  | $ | 271 |  |  | $ | 0 |
Commercial real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate other | 4,564 |  |  | 8,107 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 3,205 |  |  | 3,405 |  |  | 0 |
Residential real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity | 4,047 |  |  | 4,261 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 3,915 |  |  | 4,168 |  |  | 0 |
Subtotal | $ | 9,727 |  |  | $ | 13,711 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 7,303 |  |  | $ | 7,844 |  |  | $ | 0 |
Originated loans and leases with related allowance
Commercial and industrial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial other | 809 |  |  | 828 |  |  | 384 |  |  | 5,183 |  |  | 5,183 |  |  | 3,365 |
Commercial real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate other | 445 |  |  | 445 |  |  | 51 |  |  | 1,681 |  |  | 1,681 |  |  | 397 |
Subtotal | $ | 1,254 |  |  | $ | 1,273 |  |  | $ | 435 |  |  | $ | 6,864 |  |  | $ | 6,864 |  |  | $ | 3,762 |
Total | $ | 10,981 |  |  | $ | 14,984 |  |  | $ | 435 |  |  | $ | 14,167 |  |  | $ | 14,708 |  |  | $ | 3,762 |

| March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
(in thousands) | Recorded Investment |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Related Allowance |  | Recorded Investment |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Related Allowance
Acquired loans with no related allowance
Commercial and industrial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial other | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 0 |
Commercial real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate other | 840 |  |  | 922 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 842 |  |  | 924 |  |  | 0 |
Residential real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity | 2,669 |  |  | 2,772 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 2,564 |  |  | 2,696 |  |  | 0 |
Total | $ | 3,521 |  |  | $ | 3,706 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 3,438 |  |  | $ | 3,652 |  |  | $ | 0 |

23

The average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 was as follows:

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
(in thousands) | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized
Originated loans and leases with no related allowance |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial other | $ | 1,468 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 2,399 |  |  | $ | 0 |
Commercial real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate other | 6,099 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 6,373 |  |  | 0 |
Residential real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity | 3,981 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 3,980 |  |  | 0 |
Subtotal | $ | 11,548 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 12,752 |  |  | $ | 0 |
Originated loans and leases with related allowance |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial other | 581 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 864 |  |  | 0 |
Commercial real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate other | 445 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 0 |
Subtotal | $ | 1,026 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 877 |  |  | $ | 0 |
Total | $ | 12,574 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 13,629 |  |  | $ | 0 |

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
(in thousands) | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized |  | Average Recorded Investment |  | Interest Income Recognized
Acquired loans and leases with no related allowance |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial other | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 265 |  |  | $ | 0 |
Commercial real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial real estate other | 855 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 1,469 |  |  | 0 |
Residential real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity | 2,577 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 1,808 |  |  | 0 |
Subtotal | $ | 3,454 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 3,542 |  |  | $ | 0 |
Acquired loans and leases with related allowance |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial other | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 0 |
Subtotal | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 0 |
Total | $ | 3,454 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 3,579 |  |  | $ | 0 |

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Loans are considered modified in a TDR when, due to a borrower’s financial difficulties, the Company makes concessions to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider. These modifications may include, among others, an extension for the term of the loan, and granting a period when interest-only payments can be made with the principal payments made over the remaining term of the loan or at maturity.
The following tables present information on loans modified in troubled debt restructuring during the periods indicated.

March 31, 2019 | Three Months Ended
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Defaulted TDRs 2
(in thousands) | Number of Loans |  | Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Number of Loans |  | Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
Residential real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity 1 | 1 |  |  | 168 |  |  | 168 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |
Total | 1 |  |  | 168 |  |  | 168 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |

1 Represents the following concessions: extension of term and reduction of rate.
2 TDRs that defaulted during the three months ended March 31, 2019 that were restructured in the prior twelve months.

March 31, 2018 | Three Months Ended
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Defaulted TDRs 2
(in thousands) | Number of Loans |  | Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment |  | Number of Loans |  | Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
Residential real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity 1 | 1 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |
Total | 1 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |

1 Represents the following concessions: extension of term and reduction of rate.
2 TDRs that defaulted during the three months ended March 31, 2018 that had been restructured in the prior twelve months.
The following tables present credit quality indicators (internal risk grade) by class of commercial and industrial loans and commercial real estate loans as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.

March 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | Commercial and Industrial Other |  | Commercial and Industrial Agriculture |  | CommercialReal Estate Other |  | CommercialReal Estate Agriculture |  | Commercial Real Estate Construction |  | Total
Originated Loans and Leases |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Internal risk grade: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 897,192 |  |  | $ | 82,819 |  |  | $ | 1,804,845 |  |  | $ | 156,105 |  |  | $ | 167,181 |  |  | $ | 3,108,142 |
Special Mention | 10,228 |  |  | 4,979 |  |  | 14,547 |  |  | 3,935 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 33,689 |
Substandard | 3,364 |  |  | 6,939 |  |  | 15,104 |  |  | 10,488 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 35,895 |
Total | $ | 910,784 |  |  | $ | 94,737 |  |  | $ | 1,834,496 |  |  | $ | 170,528 |  |  | $ | 167,181 |  |  | $ | 3,177,726 |

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March 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | Commercial and Industrial Other |  | Commercial and Industrial Agriculture |  | CommercialReal Estate Other |  | CommercialReal Estate Agriculture |  | Commercial Real Estate Construction |  | Total
Acquired Loans and Leases |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Internal risk grade: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 42,429 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 169,305 |  |  | $ | 219 |  |  | $ | 1,361 |  |  | $ | 213,314 |
Special Mention | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 270 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 270 |
Substandard | 236 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 2,594 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 2,830 |
Total | $ | 42,665 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 172,169 |  |  | $ | 219 |  |  | $ | 1,361 |  |  | $ | 216,414 |

December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | Commercial and Industrial Other |  | Commercial and Industrial Agriculture |  | CommercialReal Estate Other |  | CommercialReal Estate Agriculture |  | Commercial Real Estate Construction |  | Total
Originated Loans and Leases
Internal risk grade: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 910,476 |  |  | $ | 93,939 |  |  | $ | 1,797,599 |  |  | $ | 157,156 |  |  | $ | 164,285 |  |  | $ | 3,123,455 |
Special Mention | 8,675 |  |  | 4,951 |  |  | 9,484 |  |  | 4,964 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 28,074 |
Substandard | 7,278 |  |  | 8,604 |  |  | 20,196 |  |  | 7,885 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 43,963 |
Total | $ | 926,429 |  |  | $ | 107,494 |  |  | $ | 1,827,279 |  |  | $ | 170,005 |  |  | $ | 164,285 |  |  | $ | 3,195,492 |

December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | Commercial and Industrial Other |  | Commercial and Industrial Agriculture |  | CommercialReal Estate Other |  | CommercialReal Estate Agriculture |  | Commercial Real Estate Construction |  | Total
Acquired Loans and Leases
Internal risk grade: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pass | $ | 43,447 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 174,383 |  |  | $ | 224 |  |  | $ | 1,384 |  |  | $ | 219,438 |
Special Mention | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 452 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 452 |
Substandard | 265 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 2,649 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 2,914 |
Total | $ | 43,712 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 177,484 |  |  | $ | 224 |  |  | $ | 1,384 |  |  | $ | 222,804 |

The following tables present credit quality indicators by class of residential real estate loans and by class of consumer loans. Nonperforming loans include nonaccrual, impaired, and loans 90 days past due and accruing interest. All other loans are considered performing as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. For purposes of this footnote, acquired loans that were recorded at fair value at the acquisition date and are 90 days or greater past due are considered performing.

March 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | Residential Home Equity |  | Residential Mortgages |  | Consumer Indirect |  | Consumer Other |  | Total
Originated Loans and Leases |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing | $ | 201,616 |  |  | $ | 1,063,151 |  |  | $ | 13,290 |  |  | $ | 55,791 |  |  | $ | 1,333,848 |
Nonperforming | 1,922 |  |  | 7,655 |  |  | 140 |  |  | 94 |  |  | 9,811 |
Total | $ | 203,538 |  |  | $ | 1,070,806 |  |  | $ | 13,430 |  |  | $ | 55,885 |  |  | $ | 1,343,659 |

26

March 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | Residential Home Equity |  | Residential Mortgages |  | Consumer Indirect |  | Consumer Other |  | Total
Acquired Loans and Leases |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing | $ | 18,401 |  |  | $ | 19,015 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 811 |  |  | $ | 38,227 |
Nonperforming | 1,185 |  |  | 1,071 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 2,256 |
Total | $ | 19,586 |  |  | $ | 20,086 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 811 |  |  | $ | 40,483 |

December 31, 2018
(in thousands) | Residential Home Equity |  | Residential Mortgages |  | Consumer Indirect |  | Consumer Other |  | Total
Originated Loans and Leases |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing | $ | 206,675 |  |  | $ | 1,076,032 |  |  | $ | 12,508 |  |  | $ | 57,486 |  |  | $ | 1,352,701 |
Nonperforming | 1,784 |  |  | 7,770 |  |  | 155 |  |  | 79 |  |  | 9,788 |
Total | $ | 208,459 |  |  | $ | 1,083,802 |  |  | $ | 12,663 |  |  | $ | 57,565 |  |  | $ | 1,362,489 |

December 31, 2018
(in thousands) | Residential Home Equity |  | Residential Mortgages |  | Consumer Indirect |  | Consumer Other |  | Total
Acquired Loans and Leases |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Performing | $ | 19,735 |  |  | $ | 19,380 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 761 |  |  | $ | 39,876 |
Nonperforming | 1,414 |  |  | 1,104 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 2,518 |
Total | $ | 21,149 |  |  | $ | 20,484 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 761 |  |  | $ | 42,394 |

7. Earnings Per Share
Earnings per share in the table below, for the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018 are calculated under the two-class method as required by ASC Topic 260, Earnings Per Share. ASC 260 provides that unvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends are participating securities and shall be included in the computation of earnings per share pursuant to the two-class method. The Company has issued restricted stock awards that contain such rights and are therefore considered participating securities. Basic earnings per common share are calculated by dividing net income allocable to common stock by the weighted average number of common shares, excluding participating securities, during the period. Diluted earnings per common share include the dilutive effect of participating securities.
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| Three Months Ended
(in thousands, except share and per share data) | 3/31/2019 |  | 3/31/2018
Basic |  |  |
Net income available to common shareholders | $ | 21,040 |  |  | $ | 20,436 |
Less: income attributable to unvested stock-based compensation awards | (349 | ) |  | (347 | )
Net earnings allocated to common shareholders | 20,691 |  |  | 20,089 |
Weighted average shares outstanding, including unvested stock-based compensation awards | 15,313,635 |  |  | 15,271,930 |
Less: unvested stock-based compensation awards | (253,460 | ) |  | (258,452 | )
Weighted average shares outstanding - Basic | 15,060,175 |  |  | 15,013,478 |
Diluted |  |  |
Net earnings allocated to common shareholders | 20,691 |  |  | 20,089 |
Weighted average shares outstanding - Basic | 15,060,175 |  |  | 15,013,478 |
Plus: incremental shares from assumed conversion of stock-based compensation awards | 76,348 |  |  | 99,040 |
Weighted average shares outstanding - Diluted | 15,136,523 |  |  | 15,112,518 |
Basic EPS | 1.37 |  |  | 1.34 |
Diluted EPS | 1.37 |  |  | 1.33 |

Stock-based compensation awards representing 18,886 and 20,242 of common shares during the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, were not included in the computations of diluted earnings per common share because the effect on those periods would have been anti-dilutive.
8. Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following tables present reclassifications out of the accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the three month period ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
(in thousands) | Before-Tax Amount |  | Tax (Expense) Benefit |  | Net of Tax
Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |
Change in net unrealized gain/loss during the period | $ | 15,756 |  |  | $ | (3,862 | ) |  | $ | 11,894 |
Reclassification adjustment for net realized gain on sale of available-for-sale securities included in net income | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |
Net unrealized gains/losses | 15,756 |  |  | (3,862 | ) |  | 11,894 |
Employee benefit plans: |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of net retirement plan actuarial gain | 421 |  |  | (103 | ) |  | 318 |
Amortization of net retirement plan prior service cost | 4 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 3 |
Employee benefit plans | 425 |  |  | (104 | ) |  | 321 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 16,181 |  |  | $ | (3,966 | ) |  | $ | 12,215 |

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| Three Months Ended March 31, 2018
(in thousands) | Before-Tax Amount |  | Tax (Expense) Benefit |  | Net of Tax
Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |
Change in net unrealized gain/loss during the period | $ | (19,351 | ) |  | $ | 4,741 |  |  | $ | (14,610 | )
Reclassification adjustment for net realized gain on sale of available-for-sale securities included in net income | (124 | ) |  | 30 |  |  | (94 | )
Net unrealized gains/losses | (19,475 | ) |  | 4,771 |  |  | (14,704 | )
Employee benefit plans: |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of net retirement plan actuarial gain | 417 |  |  | (102 | ) |  | 315 |
Amortization of net retirement plan prior service cost | 4 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 3 |
Employee benefit plans | 421 |  |  | (103 | ) |  | 318 |
Other comprehensive loss | $ | (19,054 | ) |  | $ | 4,668 |  |  | $ | (14,386 | )

The following table presents the activity in our accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the periods indicated:

(in thousands) | Available-for- Sale Securities |  | Employee Benefit Plans |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income
Balance at January 1, 2019 | $ | (23,589 | ) |  | $ | (39,576 | ) |  | $ | (63,165 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | 11,894 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 11,894 |
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | 0 |  |  | 321 |  |  | 321 |
Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income | 11,894 |  |  | 321 |  |  | 12,215 |
Balance at March 31, 2019 | $ | (11,695 | ) |  | $ | (39,255 | ) |  | $ | (50,950 | )
Balance at January 1, 2018 | $ | (13,005 | ) |  | $ | (38,291 | ) |  | $ | (51,296 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | (14,610 | ) |  | 0 |  |  | (14,610 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income | (94 | ) |  | 318 |  |  | 224 |
Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income | (14,704 | ) |  | 318 |  |  | (14,386 | )
Adoption of ASU 2016-01 | 65 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 65 |
Balance at March 31, 2018 | $ | (27,644 | ) |  | $ | (37,973 | ) |  | $ | (65,617 | )

The following tables present the amounts reclassified out of each component of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.
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Three Months Ended March 31, 2019 |  |  |
Details about Accumulated other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components (in thousands) | Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income 1 |  | Affected Line Item in the Statement Where Net Income is Presented
Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |
Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities | $ | 0 |  |  | Net gain on securities transactions
| 0 |  |  | Tax expense
| 0 |  |  | Net of tax
Employee benefit plans: |  |  |
Amortization of the following 2 |  |  |
Net retirement plan actuarial loss | (421 | ) |  | Other operating expense
Net retirement plan prior service cost | (4 | ) |  | Other operating expense
| (425 | ) |  | Total before tax
| 104 |  |  | Tax benefit
| (321 | ) |  | Net of tax

Three Months Ended March 31, 2018 |  |  |
Details about Accumulated other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components (in thousands) | Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income 1 |  | Affected Line Item in the Statement Where Net Income is Presented
Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |
Unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities | $ | 124 |  |  | Net gain on securities transactions
| (30 | ) |  | Tax expense
| 94 |  |  | Net of tax
Employee benefit plans: |  |  |
Amortization of the following 2 |  |  |
Net retirement plan actuarial loss | (417 | ) |  | Other operating expense
Net retirement plan prior service cost | (4 | ) |  | Other operating expense
| (421 | ) |  | Total before tax
| 103 |  |  | Tax benefit
| (318 | ) |  | Net of tax

1 Amounts in parentheses indicated debits in income statement.
2 The accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income components are included in the computation of net periodic benefit cost (See Note 9 - “Employee Benefit Plan”).
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9. Employee Benefit Plan
The following table sets forth the amount of the net periodic benefit cost recognized by the Company for the Company’s pension plan, post-retirement plan (Life and Health), and supplemental employee retirement plans (“SERP”) including the following components: service cost, interest cost, expected return on plan assets for the period, amortization of the unrecognized transitional obligation or transition asset, and the amounts of recognized gains and losses, prior service cost recognized, and gain or loss recognized due to settlement or curtailment.
Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost

| Pension Benefits Three Months Ended |  | Life and Health Three Months Ended |  | SERP Benefits Three Months Ended
(in thousands) | 3/31/2019 |  |  | 3/31/2018 |  |  | 3/31/2019 |  |  | 3/31/2018 |  |  | 3/31/2019 |  |  | 3/31/2018 |
Service cost | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 50 |  |  | $ | 53 |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | 45 |
Interest cost | 745 |  |  | 591 |  |  | 73 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 229 |  |  | 206 |
Expected return on plan assets | (1,234 | ) |  | (1,417 | ) |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |
Amortization of net retirement plan actuarial loss | 337 |  |  | 267 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 85 |  |  | 135 |
Amortization of net retirement plan prior service (credit) cost | (3 | ) |  | (3 | ) |  | (15 | ) |  | (15 | ) |  | 22 |  |  | 22 |
Net periodic benefit (income) cost | $ | (155 | ) |  | $ | (562 | ) |  | $ | 108 |  |  | $ | 118 |  |  | $ | 373 |  |  | $ | 408 |

Components of Net Periodic Benefit Cost
The service component of net periodic benefit cost for the Company's benefit plans is recorded as a part of salaries and wages in the consolidated statements of income. All other components are recorded as part of other operating expenses in the consolidated statements of income.
The Company realized approximately $321,000 and $318,000, net of tax, as amortization of amounts previously recognized in accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
The Company is not required to contribute to the pension plan in 2019, but it may make voluntary contributions. The Company did no t contribute to the pension plan in the first three months of 2019 and 2018.
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10. Other Income and Operating Expense
Other income and operating expense totals are presented in the table below. Components of these totals exceeding 1% of the aggregate of total noninterest income and total noninterest expenses for any of the years presented below are stated separately.

| Three Months Ended
(in thousands) | 3/31/2019 |  |  | 3/31/2018 |
Noninterest Income |  |  |
Other service charges | $ | 893 |  |  | $ | 808 |
Increase in cash surrender value of corporate owned life insurance | 643 |  |  | 517 |
Net gain on sale of loans | 94 |  |  | 21 |
Other income | 848 |  |  | 442 |
Total other income | $ | 2,478 |  |  | $ | 1,788 |
Noninterest Expenses |  |  |
Marketing expense | $ | 1,162 |  |  | $ | 1,141 |
Professional fees | 1,916 |  |  | 1,877 |
Legal fees | 303 |  |  | 207 |
Technology expense | 2,580 |  |  | 2,400 |
Cardholder expense | 957 |  |  | 632 |
Other expenses | 4,005 |  |  | 4,351 |
Total other operating expense | $ | 10,923 |  |  | $ | 10,608 |

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Note 11. Revenue Recognition
On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” (ASC 606) and all subsequent ASUs that modified ASC 606. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2018 are presented under ASC 606, while prior period amounts were not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting under ASC 605. The Company recorded a net increase to beginning retained earnings of $1.8 million as of January 1, 2018 due to the cumulative impact of adopting ASC 606. The impact to beginning retained earnings was primarily driven by the recognition of contingency income related to our insurance business segment.
Under ASC 606, the Company made any necessary revisions to its policies related to the new revenue recognition guidance. In general, for revenue not associated with financial instruments, guarantees and lease contracts, we apply the following steps when recognizing revenue from contracts with customers: (i) identify the contract, (ii) identify the performance obligations, (iii) determine the transaction price, (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations and (v) recognize revenue when performance obligation is satisfied. Our contracts with customers are generally short term in nature, typically due within one year or less or cancellable by us or our customer upon a short notice period. Performance obligations for our customer contracts are generally satisfied at a single point in time, typically when the transaction is complete, or over time. For performance obligations satisfied over time, we primarily use the output method, directly measuring the value of the products/services transferred to the customer, to determine when performance obligations have been satisfied. We typically receive payment from customers and recognize revenue concurrent with the satisfaction of our performance obligations. In most cases, this occurs within a single financial reporting period. For payments received in advance of the satisfaction of performance obligations, revenue recognition is deferred until such time the performance obligations have been satisfied. In cases where we have not received payment despite satisfaction of our performance obligations, we accrue an estimate of the amount due in the period our performance obligations have been satisfied. For contracts with variable components, only amounts for which collection is probable are accrued. We generally act in a principal capacity, on our own behalf, in most of our contracts with customers. In such transactions, we recognize revenue and the related costs to provide our services on a gross basis in our financial statements. In some cases, we act in an agent capacity, deriving revenue through assisting other entities in transactions with our customers. In such transactions, we recognized revenue and the related costs to provide our services on a net basis in our financial statements. These transactions primarily relate to insurance and brokerage commissions.
ASC 606 does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including revenue from loans and securities. In addition, certain noninterest income streams such as fees associated with mortgage servicing rights, financial guarantees, derivatives, and certain credit card fees are also not in scope of the new guidance. ASC 606 is applicable to noninterest revenue streams such as trust and asset management income, deposit related fees, interchange fees, merchant income, and annuity and insurance commissions. However, the recognition of these revenue streams did not change significantly upon adoption of ASC 606.
Insurance Commissions and Fees
Fees are earned upon the effective date of bound coverage, as no significant performance obligation remains after coverage is bound. As the Company has historically recognized revenue in this manner, with the noted exception related to installment billing discussed below, the adoption of ASC 606 will not significantly impact the revenue from this source on a quarterly or annual basis.
Installment Billing - Agency Bill
Prior to the adoption of ASC 606, commission revenue on policies billed in installments were recognized on the latter of the policy effective date or the date that the premium was billed to the client. As a result of the adoption of ASC 606, revenue associated with the issuance of policies will be recognized upon the effective date of the associated policy regardless of the billing method, meaning that commission revenues billed on an installment basis will be now recognized earlier than they had been previously. Revenue will be accrued based upon the completion of the performance obligation creating a current asset for the unbilled revenue until such time as an invoice is generated, typically not to exceed twelve months. The Company does not expect the overall impact of these changes to be significant, but it will result in slight variances from quarter to quarter.
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Contingent Commissions
Prior to the adoption of ASC 606, revenue that was not fixed and determinable because a contingency exists was not recognized until the contingency was resolved. Under ASC 606, the Company must use its judgment to estimate the amount of consideration that will be received such that a significant reversal of revenue is not probable. Contingent commissions represent a form of variable consideration associated with the same performance obligation, which is the placement of coverage, for which we earn core commissions. In connection with the new standard, contingent commissions will be estimated with an appropriate constraint applied and accrued relative to the recognition of the corresponding core commissions. The resulting effect on the timing of recognition of contingent commissions will more closely follow a similar pattern as our core commissions with true-ups recognized when payments are received or as additional information that affects the estimate becomes available.
Refund of Commissions
The contract with the insurance carrier dictates commissions paid to the Company shall be refunded to the carrier upon cancellation by the policyholder. As a result, the Company has established a liability for the estimated amount of commission for which the Company does not expect to be entitled, and corresponding reduction to the gross commission received or receivable. The refund liability will be updated at the end of each reporting period for changes in circumstances.
Trust & Asset Management
Trust and asset management income is primarily comprised of fees earned from the management and administration of trusts and other customer assets. The Company’s performance obligation is generally satisfied over time and the resulting fees are recognized monthly, based upon the month-end market value of the assets under management and the applicable fee rate. Payment is generally received a few days after month end through a direct charge to customers’ accounts. The Company does not earn performance-based incentives. Optional services such as real estate sales and tax return preparation services are also available to existing trust and asset management customers. The Company’s performance obligation for these transactional-based services is generally satisfied, and related revenue recognized, at a point in time (i.e., as incurred). Payment is received shortly after services are rendered.
Mutual Fund & Investment Income
Mutual fund and investment income consists of other recurring revenue streams such as commissions from sales of mutual funds and other investments, investment advisory fees from the Company’s Strategic Asset Management Services (SAM) wealth management product. Commissions from the sale of mutual funds and other investments are recognized on trade date, which is when the Company has satisfied its performance obligation. The Company also receives periodic service fees (i.e., trailers) from mutual fund companies typically based on a percentage of net asset value. Trailer revenue is recorded over time, usually monthly or quarterly, as net asset value is determined. Investment advisor fees from the wealth management product is earned over time and based on an annual percentage rate of the net asset value. The investment advisor fees are charged to the customer’s account in advance on the first month of the quarter, and the revenue is recognized over the following three-month period. The Company does engage a third party, LPL Financial, LLC (LPL), to satisfy part of this performance obligation, and therefore this income is reported net of any corresponding expenses paid to LPL.
Service Charges on Deposit Accounts
Service charges on deposit accounts consist of account analysis fees (i.e., net fees earned on analyzed business and public checking accounts), monthly service fees, check orders, and other deposit account related fees. The Company’s performance obligation for account analysis fees and monthly service fees is generally satisfied, and the related revenue recognized, over the period in which the service is provided. Check orders and other deposit account related fees are largely transactional based, and therefore, the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied, and related revenue recognized, at a point in time. Payment for service charges on deposit accounts is primarily received immediately or in the following month through a direct charge to customers’ accounts.
34

Card Services Income
Fees, exchange, and other service charges are primarily comprised of debit and credit card income, ATM fees, merchant services income, and other service charges. Debit and credit card income is primarily comprised of interchange fees earned whenever the Company’s debit and credit cards are processed through card payment networks such as Mastercard. ATM fees are primarily generated when a Company cardholder uses a non-Company ATM or a non-Company cardholder uses a Company ATM. Merchant services income mainly represents fees charged to merchants to process their debit and credit card transactions, in addition to account management fees. The Company’s performance obligation for fees and exchange are largely satisfied, and related revenue recognized, when the services are rendered or upon completion. Payment is typically received immediately or in the following month.
Other
Other service charges include revenue from processing wire and ACH transfers, lock box service and safe deposit box rental. Both wire transfer fees and lock box services are charged on per item basis. Wire and ACH transfer fees are charged at the time of transfer and charged directly to the customer account. Lock box customers are billed monthly and payments are received in the following month through a direct charge to customers’ accounts. Safe deposit box rental fees are charged to the customer on an annual basis and recognized upon receipt of payment. The Company determined that since rentals and renewals occur fairly consistently over time, revenue is recognized on a basis consistent with the duration of the performance obligation.
The following presents noninterest income, segregated by revenue streams in-scope and out-of-scope of ASC 606, for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.

| Three Months Ended
(in thousands) | 03/31/2019 | 03/31/2018
Noninterest Income |  |
In-scope of Topic 606: |  |
Commissions and Fees | $ | 7,099 |  | $ | 6,878 |
Installment Billing |  | (71 | ) |  | (71 | )
Refund of Commissions |  | (12 | ) |  | (23 | )
Contingent commissions |  | 1,029 |  |  | 610 |
Subtotal Insurance Revenues |  | 8,045 |  |  | 7,394 |
Trust and Asset Management |  | 2,850 |  |  | 2,814 |
Mutual Fund & Investment Income |  | 1,234 |  |  | 1,432 |
Subtotal Investment Service Income |  | 4,084 |  |  | 4,246 |
Service Charges on Deposit Accounts |  | 1,998 |  |  | 2,132 |
Card Services Income |  | 2,790 |  |  | 2,146 |
Other |  | 307 |  |  | 314 |
Noninterest Income (in-scope of ASC 606) |  | 17,224 |  |  | 16,232 |
Noninterest Income (out-of-scope of ASC 606) |  | 2,183 |  |  | 1,598 |
Total Noninterest Income | $ | 19,407 |  | $ | 17,830 |

Contract Balances
Receivables primarily consist of amounts due for insurance and wealth management services performed for which the Company's performance obligations have been fully satisfied. Receivables amounted to $3.7 million and $1.9 million, respectively, at March 31, 2019, compared to $4.3 million and $1.8 million, respectively, at December 31, 2018 and were included in other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Condition.
A contract asset balance occurs when an entity performs a service for a customer before the customer pays consideration (resulting in a contract receivable) or before payment is due (resulting in a contract asset). The Company’s noninterest revenue streams, excluding some insurance commissions and fees, are largely based on transactional activity, or standard month-end revenue accruals such as asset management fees based on month-end market values. Consideration is often received immediately or shortly after the Company satisfies its performance obligation and revenue is recognized. The Company does not typically enter into long-term
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revenue contracts with customers, and therefore, does not experience significant contract balances. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, the Company did not have any significant contract balances.
A contract liability balance is an entity’s obligation to transfer a service to a customer for which the entity has already received payment (or payment is due) from the customer. The Company often receives cash payments from customers in advance of the Company’s performance resulting in contract liabilities. These contract liabilities are classified current or long-term in the Consolidated Condensed Statements of Condition based on the timing of when the Company expects to recognize revenue. As of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, contract liabilities were $700,000 and $1.8 million, respectively, and are included within accrued expenses in the accompanying unaudited Consolidated Condensed Statements of Condition. The liabilities include premiums due to insurance carriers in addition to unearned commission revenue.
The decrease in the contract liability balance during the three-month period ended March 31, 2019 is primarily as a result of billings and cash payments received in advance of satisfying performance obligations, offset by insurance premiums and revenue recognized during the period that was included in the contract liability balance at the date of adoption. The adoption of ASC 606 did not create a change in accounting for insurance commissions and fees as they relate to contract liabilities, however the Company did eliminate the practice of deferring revenue on its larger accounts over the course of the policy period.
Contract Acquisition Costs
In connection with the adoption of ASC 606, an entity is required to capitalize, and subsequently amortize into expense, certain incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if these costs are expected to be recovered. The incremental costs of obtaining a contract are those costs that an entity incurs to obtain a contract with a customer that it would not have incurred if the contract had not been obtained (for example, sales commission). The Company utilizes the practical expedient which allows entities to immediately expense contract acquisition costs when the asset that would have resulted from capitalizing these costs would have been amortized in one year or less. Upon adoption of ASC 606, the Company did not capitalize any contract acquisition costs.
12. Financial Guarantees
The Company currently does not issue any guarantees that would require liability recognition or disclosure, other than standby letters of credit. The Company extends standby letters of credit to its customers in the normal course of business. The standby letters of credit are generally short-term. As of March 31, 2019, the Company’s maximum potential obligation under standby letters of credit was $29.1 million compared to $21.7 million at December 31, 2018. Management uses the same credit policies to extend standby letters of credit that it uses for on-balance sheet lending decisions and may require collateral to support standby letters of credit based upon its evaluation of the counterparty. Management does not anticipate any significant losses as a result of these transactions, and has determined that the fair value of standby letters of credit is not significant.
13. Segment and Related Information
The Company manages its operations through three reportable business segments in accordance with the standards set forth in FASB ASC 280, “Segment Reporting”: (i) banking (“Banking”), (ii) insurance (“Tompkins Insurance”) and (iii) wealth management (“Tompkins Financial Advisors”). The Company’s insurance services and wealth management services, other than trust services, are managed separately from the Banking segment.
Banking
The Banking segment is primarily comprised of the Company’s four banking subsidiaries: Tompkins Trust Company, a commercial bank with fourteen banking offices located in Ithaca, NY and surrounding communities; The Bank of Castile (DBA Tompkins Bank of Castile), a commercial bank with eighteen banking offices located in the Genesee Valley region of New York State as well as Monroe County; Mahopac Bank (DBA Tompkins Mahopac Bank), a commercial bank with fourteen full-service banking offices located in the counties north of New York City; and VIST Bank (DBA Tompkins VIST Bank), a banking organization with twenty banking offices headquartered and operating in the areas surrounding southeastern Pennsylvania.
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Insurance
The Company provides property and casualty insurance services and employee benefits consulting through Tompkins Insurance Agencies, Inc., a 100% wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, headquartered in Batavia, New York. Tompkins Insurance is an independent insurance agency, representing many major insurance carriers and provides employee benefit consulting to employers in Western and Central New York and Southeastern Pennsylvania, assisting them with their medical, group life insurance and group disability insurance. Tompkins Insurance has five stand-alone offices in Western New York.
Wealth Management
The Wealth Management segment is generally organized under the Tompkins Financial Advisors brand. Tompkins Financial Advisors offers a comprehensive suite of financial services to customers, including trust and estate services, investment management and financial and insurance planning for individuals, corporate executives, small business owners and high net worth individuals. Tompkins Financial Advisors has offices in each of the Company’s four subsidiary banks.
Summarized financial information concerning the Company’s reportable segments and the reconciliation to the Company’s consolidated results is shown in the following table. Investment in subsidiaries is netted out of the presentations below. The “Intercompany” column identifies the intercompany activities of revenues, expenses and other assets between the banking, insurance and wealth management services segments. The Company accounts for intercompany fees and services at an estimated fair value according to regulatory requirements for the services provided. Intercompany items relate primarily to the use of human resources, information systems, accounting and marketing services provided by any of the banks and the holding company. All other accounting policies are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies in the 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

As of and for the three months ended March 31, 2019
(in thousands) | Banking |  | Insurance |  | Wealth Management |  | Intercompany |  | Consolidated
Interest income | $ | 64,929 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | $ | 64,928 |
Interest expense | 13,016 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 13,014 |
Net interest income | 51,913 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 51,914 |
Provision for loan and lease losses | 445 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 445 |
Noninterest income | 7,568 |  |  | 8,148 |  |  | 4,198 |  |  | (507 | ) |  | 19,407 |
Noninterest expense | 35,327 |  |  | 6,277 |  |  | 3,112 |  |  | (507 | ) |  | 44,209 |
Income before income tax expense | 23,709 |  |  | 1,872 |  |  | 1,086 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 26,667 |
Income tax expense | 4,834 |  |  | 490 |  |  | 271 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 5,595 |
Net Income attributable to noncontrolling interests and Tompkins Financial Corporation | 18,875 |  |  | 1,382 |  |  | 815 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 21,072 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 32 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 32 |
Net Income attributable to Tompkins Financial Corporation | $ | 18,843 |  |  | $ | 1,382 |  |  | $ | 815 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 21,040 |
Depreciation and amortization | $ | 2,414 |  |  | $ | 56 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 2,480 |
Assets | 6,689,882 |  |  | 41,156 |  |  | 21,573 |  |  | (13,892 | ) |  | 6,738,719 |
Goodwill | 64,370 |  |  | 19,702 |  |  | 8,211 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 92,283 |
Other intangibles, net | 4,019 |  |  | 3,051 |  |  | 196 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 7,266 |
Net loans and leases | 4,749,372 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 4,749,372 |
Deposits | 5,003,696 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | (13,771 | ) |  | 4,989,925 |
Total Equity | 593,791 |  |  | 33,774 |  |  | 19,702 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 647,267 |

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As of and for the three months ended March 31, 2018
(in thousands) | Banking |  | Insurance |  | Wealth Management |  | Intercompany |  | Consolidated
Interest income | $ | 60,140 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | (1 | ) |  | $ | 60,140 |
Interest expense | 7,454 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 7,453 |
Net interest income | 52,686 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 52,687 |
Provision for loan and lease losses | 567 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 567 |
Noninterest income | 6,411 |  |  | 7,488 |  |  | 4,408 |  |  | (477 | ) |  | 17,830 |
Noninterest expense | 34,757 |  |  | 6,239 |  |  | 3,202 |  |  | (477 | ) |  | 43,721 |
Income before income tax expense | 23,773 |  |  | 1,250 |  |  | 1,206 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 26,229 |
Income tax expense | 5,130 |  |  | 350 |  |  | 281 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 5,761 |
Net Income attributable to noncontrolling interests and Tompkins Financial Corporation | 18,643 |  |  | 900 |  |  | 925 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 20,468 |
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | 32 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 32 |
Net Income attributable to Tompkins Financial Corporation | $ | 18,611 |  |  | $ | 900 |  |  | $ | 925 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 20,436 |
Depreciation and amortization | $ | 2,399 |  |  | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | 13 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 2,473 |
Assets | 6,602,289 |  |  | 41,046 |  |  | 17,434 |  |  | (12,641 | ) |  | 6,648,128 |
Goodwill | 64,370 |  |  | 19,710 |  |  | 8,211 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 92,291 |
Other intangibles, net | 4,871 |  |  | 3,657 |  |  | 263 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 8,791 |
Net loans and leases | 4,664,635 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 4,664,635 |
Deposits | 4,942,298 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | (12,395 | ) |  | 4,929,903 |
Total Equity | 530,536 |  |  | 33,218 |  |  | 15,657 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 579,411 |

14. Fair Value
FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in generally accepted accounting principles and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. FASB ASC Topic 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). Transfers between levels, when determined to be appropriate, are recognized at the end of each reporting period.
The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under FASB ASC Topic 820 are:
Level 1 – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities;
Level 2 – Quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability;
Level 3 – Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e., supported by little or no market activity).
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The following table summarizes financial assets and financial liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, segregated by the level of valuation inputs within the fair value hierarchy used to measure fair value.

Recurring Fair Value Measurements |  |  |  |  |  |  |
March 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | Total |  | (Level 1) |  |  | (Level 2) |  |  | (Level 3) |
Available-for-sale securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasuries | $ | 280 |  |  | 0 |  |  | $ | 280 |  |  | 0 |
Obligations of U.S. Government sponsored entities | $ | 475,745 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 475,745 |  |  | $ | 0 |
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions | 87,778 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 87,778 |  |  | 0 |
Mortgage-backed securities – residential, issued by: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government agencies | 146,010 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 146,010 |  |  | 0 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities | 631,328 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 631,328 |  |  | 0 |
Non-U.S. Government agencies or sponsored entities | 19 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 0 |
U.S. corporate debt securities | 2,450 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 2,450 |  |  | 0 |
Total Available-for-sale securities | 1,343,610 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 1,343,610 |  |  | 0 |
Equity securities, at fair value | 899 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 899 |

Recurring Fair Value Measurements |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | Total |  | (Level 1) |  |  | (Level 2) |  |  | (Level 3) |
Available-for-sale securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasuries | 289 |  |  | 0 |  |  | $ | 289 |  |  | 0 |
Obligations of U.S. Government sponsored entities | 485,898 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 485,898 |  |  | 0 |
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions | 85,440 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 85,440 |  |  | 0 |
Mortgage-backed securities – residential, issued by: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government agencies | 128,267 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 128,267 |  |  | 0 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities | 630,558 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 630,558 |  |  | 0 |
Non-U.S. Government agencies or sponsored entities | 31 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 0 |
U.S. corporate debt securities | 2,175 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 2,175 |  |  | 0 |
Total Available-for-sale securities | 1,332,658 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 1,332,658 |  |  | 0 |
Equity securities, at fair value | 887 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 887 |

The change in the fair value of available-for-sale equity securities valued using significant unobservable inputs (level 3), between December 31, 2018 and March 31, 2019, was immaterial.
There were no transfers between Levels 1, 2 and 3 for the three months ended March 31, 2019.
The Company determines fair value for its available-for-sale securities using an independent bond pricing service for identical assets or very similar securities. The Company has reviewed the pricing sources, including methodologies used, and finds them to be fairly stated.
Fair values of borrowings are estimated using Level 2 inputs based upon observable market data. The Company determines fair value for its borrowings using a discounted cash flow technique based upon expected cash flows and current spreads on FHLB advances with the same structure and terms. The Company also receives pricing information from third parties, including the FHLB. The pricing obtained is considered representative of the transfer price if the liabilities were assumed by a third party.
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Certain assets are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. For the Company, these include loans held for sale, collateral dependent impaired loans, and other real estate owned (“OREO”). During the first quarter of 2019, certain collateral dependent impaired loans were remeasured and reported at fair value through a specific valuation allowance and/or partial charge-offs for loan and lease losses based upon the fair value of the underlying collateral. Collateral values are estimated using Level 2 inputs based upon observable market data. In addition to collateral dependent impaired loans, certain other real estate owned were remeasured and reported at fair value based upon the fair value of the underlying collateral. The fair values of other real estate owned are estimated using Level 2 inputs based on observable market data or Level 3 inputs based on customized discounting criteria. In general, the fair values of other real estate owned are based upon appraisals, with discounts made to reflect estimated costs to sell the real estate. Upon initial recognition, fair value write-downs on other real estate owned are taken through a charge-off to the allowance for loan and lease losses. Subsequent fair value write-downs on other real estate owned are reported in other noninterest expense.

Three months ended March 31, 2019
(in thousands) |  |  | Fair value measurements at reporting date using: |  | Gain (losses) from fair value changes
Assets: | As of 03/31/2019 |  | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) |  | Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) |  | Three months ended March 31, 2019
Impaired loans | $ | 4,786 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 4,786 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | (3,571 | )
Other real estate owned | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |

Three months ended March 31, 2018
(in thousands) |  |  | Fair value measurements at reporting date using: |  | Gain (losses) from fair value changes
Assets: | As of 03/31/2018 |  | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets (Level 1) |  | Significant other observable inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) |  | Three months ended March 31, 2018
Impaired loans | $ | 5,079 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 5,079 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | (123 | )
Other real estate owned | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |

The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018. The carrying amounts shown in the table are included in the Consolidated Statements of Condition under the indicated captions.
The fair value estimates, methods and assumptions set forth below for the Company's financial instruments, including those financial instruments carried at cost, are made solely to comply with disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States and should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes included in this Report.
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Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments |  |
March 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3)
Financial Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 70,574 |  |  | $ | 70,574 |  |  | $ | 70,574 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |
Securities - held to maturity | 139,642 |  |  | 140,422 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 140,422 |  |  | 0 |
FHLB and other stock | 45,088 |  |  | 45,088 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 45,088 |  |  | 0 |
Accrued interest receivable | 23,990 |  |  | 23,990 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 23,990 |  |  | 0 |
Loans/leases, net 1 | 4,749,372 |  |  | 4,657,612 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 4,786 |  |  | 4,652,826 |
Financial Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Time deposits | $ | 661,712 |  |  | $ | 657,705 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 657,705 |  |  | $ | 0 |
Other deposits | 4,328,213 |  |  | 4,328,213 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 4,328,213 |  |  | 0 |
Fed funds purchased and securities sold |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
under agreements to repurchase | 66,918 |  |  | 66,918 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 66,918 |  |  | 0 |
Other borrowings | 923,427 |  |  | 922,053 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 922,053 |  |  | 0 |
Trust preferred debentures | 16,906 |  |  | 22,165 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 22,165 |  |  | 0 |
Accrued interest payable | 2,135 |  |  | 2,135 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 2,135 |  |  | 0 |

Estimated Fair Value of Financial Instruments
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3)
Financial Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 80,389 |  |  | $ | 80,389 |  |  | $ | 80,389 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |
Securities - held to maturity | 140,579 |  |  | 139,377 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 139,377 |  |  | 0 |
FHLB and other stock | 52,262 |  |  | 52,262 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 52,262 |  |  | 0 |
Accrued interest receivable | 20,922 |  |  | 20,922 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 20,922 |  |  | 0 |
Loans/leases, net 1 | 4,790,529 |  |  | 4,649,308 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 6,500 |  |  | 4,642,808 |
Financial Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Time deposits | $ | 637,295 |  |  | $ | 631,489 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 631,489 |  |  | $ | 0 |
Other deposits | 4,251,664 |  |  | 4,251,664 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 4,251,664 |  |  | 0 |
Fed funds purchased and securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
sold under agreements to repurchase | 81,842 |  |  | 81,842 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 81,842 |  |  | 0 |
Other borrowings | 1,076,075 |  |  | 1,074,081 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 1,074,081 |  |  | 0 |
Trust preferred debentures | 16,863 |  |  | 21,921 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 21,921 |  |  | 0 |
Accrued interest payable | 2,408 |  |  | 2,408 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 2,408 |  |  | 0 |

1 Lease receivables, although excluded from the scope of ASC Topic 825, are included in the estimated fair value amounts at their carrying value.
The following methods and assumptions were used in estimating fair value disclosures for financial instruments.
Cash and Cash Equivalents: The carrying amounts reported in the Consolidated Statements of Condition for cash, noninterest-bearing deposits, money market funds, and Federal funds sold approximate the fair value of those assets.
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Securities: Fair values for U.S. Treasury securities are based on quoted market prices. Fair values for obligations of U.S. government sponsored entities, mortgage-backed securities-residential, obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions, and U.S. corporate debt securities are based on quoted market prices, where available, as provided by third party pricing vendors. If quoted market prices were not available, fair values are based on quoted market prices of comparable instruments in active markets and/or based upon matrix pricing methodology, which uses comprehensive interest rate tables to determine market price, movement and yield relationships. These securities are reviewed periodically to determine if there are any events or changes in circumstances that would adversely affect their value.
Loans and Leases: Fair value for loans are calculated using an exit price notion. The Company's valuation methodology takes into account factors such as estimated cash flows, including contractual cash flow and assumptions for prepayments; liquidity risk; and credit risk. The fair values of residential loans were estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, based upon available market benchmarks for rates and prepayment assumptions. The fair values of commercial and consumer loans were estimated using discounted cash flow analyses, based upon interest rates currently offered for loans and leases with similar terms and credit quality. The fair values of loans held for sale were determined based upon contractual prices for loans with similar characteristics.
FHLB Stock: The carrying amount of FHLB stock approximates fair value. If the stock is redeemed, the Company will receive an amount equal to the par value of the stock. For miscellaneous equity securities, carrying value is cost.
Accrued Interest Receivable and Accrued Interest Payable: The carrying amount of these short term instruments approximate fair value.
Deposits: The fair values disclosed for noninterest bearing accounts and accounts with no stated maturities are equal to the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. The fair value of time deposits is based upon discounted cash flow analyses using rates offered for FHLB advances, which is the Company’s primary alternative source of funds.
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase: The carrying amounts of repurchase agreements and other short-term borrowings approximate their fair values. Fair values of long-term borrowings are estimated using a discounted cash flow approach, based on current market rates for similar borrowings. For securities sold under agreements to repurchase where the Company has elected the fair value option, the Company also receives pricing information from third parties, including the FHLB.
Other Borrowings: The fair values of other borrowings are estimated using discounted cash flow analysis, discounted at the Company’s current incremental borrowing rate for similar borrowing arrangements. For other borrowings where the Company has elected the fair value option, the Company also receives pricing information from third parties, including the FHLB.
Trust Preferred Debentures: The fair value of the trust preferred debentures has been estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis which uses a discount factor of a market spread over current interest rates for similar instruments.
15. Leasing
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” and subsequent amendments, which replaced existing lease guidance in GAAP and requires lessees to recognize right-of-use (ROU) assets and lease liabilities on the Consolidated Statement of Condition for leases greater than twelve months and disclose key information about leasing arrangements. We adopted the standard on January 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective method and used the effective date as our date of initial application. Financial information will not be updated and the disclosures required under the new standard will not be provided for dates and periods before January 1, 2019. There were no adjustments to “Retained earnings” on adoption. The new standard provides a number of optional practical expedients for transition. We elected the package of practical expedients under the transition guidance which permitted us not to reassess under the new standard our prior conclusions for lease identification and lease classification on expired or existing contracts and whether initial direct costs previously capitalized would qualify for capitalization under FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 842. We did not elect the hindsight practical expedient to determine the reasonably certain lease term for existing leases.
The new standard also provides practical expedients and recognition exemptions for an entity’s ongoing accounting policy elections. We are committed under short and long-term lease agreements for branch and ATM locations. Some of these agreements contain variable payment provisions that depend on an index or rate, initially measured using the index or rate at the lease commencement date, and are therefore not included in our future minimum lease payments. These variable lease agreements include usage-based payments for utilities, taxes, janitorial services and building maintenance. Our long-term lease agreements do not contain any material restrictive covenants.
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Our property leases have remaining terms of less than 1 year to 23 years. Some of these leases may include options to extend the leases for up to 29 years, and some may include options to terminate the leases within 30 days. The Company’s lease agreements often include one or more options to renew at the Company’s discretion. If at lease inception, the Company considers the exercising of a renewal option to be reasonably certain, the Company will include the extended term in the calculation of the ROU asset and lease liability.
Operating lease amounts included in the Consolidated Statement of Condition are as follows:

(in thousands) |  |  | March 31, 2019
Assets | Classification |  |
ROU assets | Other assets | $ | 35,041 |
Liabilities |  |  |
Current lease liabilities | Other liabilities | $ | 3,392 |
Non-current lease liabilities | Other liabilities |  | 33,884 |
Total lease liabilities |  | $ | 37,276 |

The components of operating lease expense, primarily included in “Net occupancy expense of premises,” were as follows:

(in thousands) |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Lease Costs |  |
Operating lease cost | $ | 1,142 |
Variable lease cost |  | 96 |
Short-term lease cost |  | 0 |
Sublease income |  | (8 | )
Total lease cost | $ | 1,230 |

At March 31, 2019, we did not have any material finance lease assets or liabilities.
Other information related to operating leases was as follows:

(in thousands) |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |
Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | 1,159 |
Weighted-average remaining lease term on operating leases |  | 14.12 years |
Weighted-average discount rates on operating leases |  | 3.53 | %

Future minimum lease payments under operating leases were as follows:

(in thousands) |  | Operating Leases
Nine Months 2019 | $ | 3,483 |
2020 |  | 4,314 |
2021 |  | 3,978 |
2022 |  | 3,933 |
2023 |  | 3,688 |
2024 and subsequent years |  | 29,332 |
Total lease payments | $ | 48,728 |
Less: Interest |  | (11,452 | )
Present value of lease liabilities | $ | 37,276 |

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At December 31, 2018, operating lease commitments under lessee arrangements were $4.8 million, $4.0 million, $3.6 million, $3.4 million, and $3.4 million for 2019 through 2023, respectively, and $13.0 million in aggregate for all years thereafter. These amounts include lease options to renew ranging from 5 to 20 years.
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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
BUSINESS
Corporate Overview and Strategic Initiatives
Tompkins Financial Corporation (“Tompkins” or the “Company”) is headquartered in Ithaca, New York and is registered as a Financial Holding Company with the Federal Reserve Board under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. The Company is a locally oriented, community-based financial services organization that offers a full array of products and services, including commercial and consumer banking, leasing, trust and investment management, financial planning and wealth management, and insurance services. At March 31, 2019, the Company’s subsidiaries included: four wholly-owned banking subsidiaries, Tompkins Trust Company (the “Trust Company”), The Bank of Castile (DBA Tompkins Bank of Castile), Mahopac Bank (DBA Tompkins Mahopac Bank), VIST Bank (DBA Tompkins VIST Bank); and a wholly-owned insurance agency subsidiary, Tompkins Insurance Agencies, Inc. (“Tompkins Insurance”). The trust division of the Trust Company provides a full array of investment services, including investment management, trust and estate, financial and tax planning as well as life, disability and long-term care insurance services. The Company’s principal offices are located at 118 E. Seneca Street, Ithaca, New York, 14850, and its telephone number is (888) 503-5753. The Company’s common stock is traded on the NYSE American under the symbol “TMP.”
The Tompkins strategy centers around our core values and a commitment to delivering long-term value to our clients, communities, and shareholders. To achieve this, the Company has developed a variety of strategic initiatives focused on delivering high quality products and services, a continual focus on improving operational effectiveness, investing in our people through talent management and development, maintaining appropriate risk management programs, and delivering profitable growth across all of our business lines. The Company's growth strategy includes initiatives to grow organically through our current businesses, as well as through possible acquisitions of financial institutions, branches, and financial services businesses. As such, the Company has acquired, and from time to time considers acquiring, banks, thrift institutions, branch offices of banks or thrift institutions, or other businesses that would complement the Company’s business or its geographic reach. The Company generally targets merger or acquisition partners that are culturally similar and have experienced management and possess either significant market presence or have potential for improved profitability through financial management, economies of scale and expanded services.
Business Segments
Banking services consist primarily of attracting deposits from the areas served by the Company’s four banking subsidiaries’ 66 banking offices (46 offices in New York and 20 offices in Pennsylvania) and using those deposits to originate a variety of commercial loans, consumer loans, real estate loans (including commercial loans collateralized by real estate), and leases. The Company’s lending function is managed within the guidelines of a comprehensive Board-approved lending policy. Reporting systems are in place to provide management with ongoing information related to loan production, loan quality, concentrations of credit, loan delinquencies, and nonperforming and potential problem loans. Banking services also include a full suite of products such as debit cards, credit cards, remote deposit, electronic banking, mobile banking, cash management, and safe deposit services.
Wealth management services consist of investment management, trust and estate, financial and tax planning as well as life, disability and long-term care insurance services. Wealth management services are provided by the Trust Company under the trade name Tompkins Financial Advisors. Tompkins Financial Advisors has office locations, and services are available to all customers at the Company's four subsidiary banks.
Insurance services include property and casualty insurance, employee benefit consulting, and life, long-term care and disability insurance. Tompkins Insurance is headquartered in Batavia, New York. Over the years, Tompkins Insurance has acquired smaller insurance agencies in the market areas serviced by the Company’s banking subsidiaries and successfully consolidated them into Tompkins Insurance. Tompkins Insurance offers services to customers of the Company’s banking subsidiaries by sharing offices with The Bank of Castile, Trust Company, and VIST Bank. In addition to these shared offices, Tompkins Insurance has five stand-alone offices in Western New York, and one stand-alone office in Tompkins County, New York.
The Company’s principal expenses are interest on deposits, interest on borrowings, and operating and general administrative expenses, as well as provisions for loan and lease losses. Funding sources, other than deposits, include borrowings, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, and cash flow from lending and investing activities.
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Competition
Competition for commercial banking and other financial services is strong in the Company’s market areas. In one or more aspects of its businesses, the Company’s subsidiaries compete with other commercial banks, savings and loan associations, credit unions, finance companies, Internet-based financial services companies, mutual funds, insurance companies, brokerage and investment banking companies, and other financial intermediaries. Some of these competitors have substantially greater resources and lending capabilities and may offer services that the Company does not currently provide. In addition, many of the Company’s non-bank competitors are not subject to the same extensive Federal regulations that govern financial holding companies and Federally-insured banks.
Competition among financial institutions is based upon interest rates offered on deposit accounts, interest rates charged on loans and other credit and service charges, the quality and scope of the services rendered, the convenience of facilities and services, and, in the case of loans to commercial borrowers, relative lending limits. Management believes that a community-based financial organization is better positioned to establish personalized financial relationships with both commercial customers and individual households. The Company’s community commitment and involvement in its primary market areas, as well as its commitment to quality and personalized financial services, are factors that contribute to the Company’s competitiveness. Management believes that each of the Company’s subsidiary banks can compete successfully in its primary market areas by making prudent lending decisions quickly and more efficiently than its competitors, without compromising asset quality or profitability. In addition, the Company focuses on providing unparalleled customer service, which includes offering a strong suite of products and services. Although management feels that this business model has caused the Company to grow its customer base in recent years and allows it to compete effectively in the markets it serves, we cannot assure you that such factors will result in future success.
Regulation
Banking, insurance services and wealth management are highly regulated. As a financial holding company with four community banks, a registered investment advisor, and an insurance agency subsidiary, the Company and its subsidiaries are subject to examination and regulation by the Federal Reserve Board (“FRB”), Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), the New York State Department of Financial Services, Pennsylvania Department of Banking and Securities, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, and the Pennsylvania Insurance Department.
OTHER IMPORTANT INFORMATION
The following discussion is intended to provide an understanding of the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of the Company for the three months ended March 31, 2019. It should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, and the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
In this Report, there are comparisons of the Company’s performance to that of a peer group, which is comprised of the group of 148 domestic bank holding companies with $3 billion to $10 billion in total assets as defined in the Federal Reserve’s “Bank Holding Company Performance Report” for December 31, 2018 (the most recent report available). Although the peer group data is presented based upon financial information that is one fiscal quarter behind the financial information included in this report, the Company believes that it is relevant to include certain peer group information for comparison to current quarter numbers.
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Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The statements contained in this Report that are not statements of historical fact may include forward-looking statements that involve a number of risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements may be identified by use of such words as "may", "will", "estimate", "intend", "continue", "believe", "expect", "plan", or "anticipate", and other similar words. Examples of forward-looking statements may include statements regarding the asset quality of the Company's loan portfolios; the level of the Company's allowance for loan losses; the sufficiency of liquidity sources; the Company's exposure to changes in interest rates; the impact of changes in accounting standards; and trends, plans, prospects, growth and strategies. Forward-looking statements are made based on management’s expectations and beliefs concerning future events impacting the Company and are subject to certain uncertainties and factors relating to the Company’s operations and economic environment, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond the control of the Company, that could cause actual results of the Company to differ materially from those expressed and/or implied by forward-looking statements. The following factors, in addition to those listed as Risk Factors in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, are among those that could cause actual results to differ materially from the forward-looking statements: changes in general economic, market and regulatory conditions; the development of an interest rate environment that may adversely affect the Company’s interest rate spread, other income or cash flow anticipated from the Company’s operations, investment and/or lending activities; changes in laws and regulations affecting banks, bank holding companies and/or financial holding companies, such as the Dodd-Frank Act and Basel III; technological developments and changes; the ability to continue to introduce competitive new products and services on a timely, cost-effective basis; governmental and public policy changes, including environmental regulation; reliance on large customers; and financial resources in the amounts, at the times and on the terms required to support the Company’s future businesses.
Critical Accounting Policies
The accounting and reporting policies followed by the Company conform, in all material respects, to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and to general practices within the financial services industry. In the course of normal business activity, management must select and apply many accounting policies and methodologies and make estimates and assumptions that lead to the financial results presented in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. There are uncertainties inherent in making these estimates and assumptions, which could materially affect the Company’s results of operations and financial position.
Management considers accounting estimates to be critical to reported financial results if (i) the accounting estimates require management to make assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain, and (ii) different estimates that management reasonably could have used for the accounting estimate in the current period, or changes in the accounting estimate that are reasonably likely to occur from period to period, could have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements. Management considers the accounting policies relating to the allowance for loan and lease losses (“allowance”), and the review of the securities portfolio for other-than-temporary impairment to be critical accounting policies because of the uncertainty and subjectivity involved in these policies and the material effect that estimates related to these areas can have on the Company’s results of operations.
For additional information on critical accounting policies and to gain a greater understanding of how the Company’s financial performance is reported, refer to Note 1 – “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, and the section captioned “Critical Accounting Policies” in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. There have been no significant changes in the Company’s application of critical accounting policies since December 31, 2018. Refer to Note 3 – “Accounting Standards Updates” in the Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a discussion of recent accounting updates.
RESULTS OF OPERATION
Performance Summary
Net income for the first quarter of 2019 was $21.0 million or $1.37 diluted earnings per share, compared to $20.4 million or $1.33 diluted earnings per share for the same period in 2018.
Return on average assets (“ROA”) for the quarter ended March 31, 2019 was 1.27%, compared to 1.25% for the quarter ended March 31, 2018. Return on average shareholders’ equity (“ROE”) for the first quarter of 2019 was 13.53%, compared to 14.41% for the same period in 2018. Tompkins’ year-to-date ROA and ROE compare to the most recent peer average ratios of 1.22% and 10.86%, respectively.
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Segment Reporting
The Company operates in the following three business segments, banking, insurance, and wealth management. Insurance is comprised of property and casualty insurance services and employee benefit consulting operated under the Tompkins Insurance Agencies, Inc. subsidiary. Wealth management activities include the results of the Company’s trust, financial planning, and wealth management services, organized under the Tompkins Financial Advisors brand. All other activities are considered banking.
Banking Segment
The banking segment reported net income of $18.8 million for the first quarter of 2019, up $232,000 or 1.2% from net income of $18.6 million for the same period in 2018.
Net interest income of $51.9 million for the first quarter of 2019 was down $773,000 or 1.5% from the same period in 2018. The decrease in net interest income was mainly a result of higher funding costs exceeding the increase in interest income compared to the first quarter of 2018 as discussed below. Higher funding costs were largely driven by the higher market interest rate environment.
The provision for loan and lease losses was $445,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019, which was down $122,000 or 21.5% compared to the same period in 2018. The decrease in provision expense is mainly due to slower loan growth and stable asset quality.
Noninterest income of $7.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was up $1.2 million or 18.0% compared to the same period in 2018. The increase in the three month results for 2019 over 2018 includes: card services income (up $644,000) and other income (up $481,000). Card services income in the first quarter of 2019 included a one-time incentive payment of $500,000 related to the Company's merchant card business.
Noninterest expense of $35.3 million for the first quarter of 2019 was up $570,000 or 1.6% from the same period in 2018. The increase was mainly attributable to higher health insurance costs and higher post-retirement benefit costs.
Insurance Segment
The insurance segment reported net income of $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, which was up $482,000 or 53.6% compared to the first quarter of 2018. Noninterest income was up $660,000 or 8.8% in the first quarter of 2019, compared to the same period in 2018. The increase in noninterest income reflects higher contingency revenue and growth in personal, commercial and life and health business lines over prior year. Noninterest expenses were up $38,000 or 0.6% compared to the first quarter of 2018.
Wealth Management Segment
The wealth management segment reported net income of $815,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019, which was down $110,000 or 11.9% compared to the first quarter of 2018. The decrease in net income for the three month period ended March 31, 2019, was attributable to a decrease in Estate & Terminating Trust fees. These fee types are unpredictable in amounts and timing, as they are tied to the execution of the underlying terms of the estate or trust and, at times, court approval. Noninterest expense for the first quarter of 2019 was down 2.8% compared to the same period in 2018. The decrease was mainly in salary and wages, primarily due to open positions during the first quarter 2019.
Net Interest Income
The following tables show average interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and the corresponding yield or cost associated with each for the three month periods ended March 31, 2019 and 2018.
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Average Consolidated Statements of Condition and Net Interest Analysis (Unaudited)
|  | Quarter Ended |  | Quarter Ended
|  | March 31, 2019 |  | March 31, 2018
|  | Average |  |  |  |  |  | Average |  |  |  |
|  | Balance |  |  |  |  |  | Balance |  |  |  | Average
(Dollar amounts in thousands) |  | (QTD) |  | Interest |  |  |  | (QTD) |  | Interest |  | Yield/Rate
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-earning assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing balances due from banks |  | $ | 2,334 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | 1.74 | % |  | $ | 2,565 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | 1.11 | %
Securities (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government securities |  | 1,409,305 |  |  | 8,172 |  |  | 2.35 | % |  | 1,454,229 |  |  | 7,954 |  |  | 2.22 | %
State and municipal (2) |  | 94,609 |  |  | 626 |  |  | 2.68 | % |  | 99,766 |  |  | 643 |  |  | 2.61 | %
Other securities (2) |  | 3,415 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 4.87 | % |  | 3,571 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 3.97 | %
Total securities |  | 1,507,329 |  |  | 8,839 |  |  | 2.38 | % |  | 1,557,566 |  |  | 8,632 |  |  | 2.25 | %
FHLBNY and FRB stock |  | 48,055 |  |  | 878 |  |  | 7.41 | % |  | 49,509 |  |  | 737 |  |  | 6.04 | %
Total loans and leases, net of unearned income (2)(3) |  | 4,792,607 |  |  | 55,614 |  |  | 4.71 | % |  | 4,688,087 |  |  | 51,229 |  |  | 4.43 | %
Total interest-earning assets |  | 6,350,325 |  |  | 65,341 |  |  | 4.17 | % |  | 6,297,727 |  |  | 60,605 |  |  | 3.90 | %
Other assets |  | 393,035 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 355,036 |  |  |  |  |
Total assets |  | 6,743,360 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,652,763 |  |  |  |  |
LIABILITIES & EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing deposits |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest bearing checking, savings, & money market |  | 2,940,416 |  |  | 4,470 |  |  | 0.62 | % |  | 2,796,197 |  |  | 1,646 |  |  | 0.24 | %
Time deposits |  | 645,144 |  |  | 2,127 |  |  | 1.34 | % |  | 717,617 |  |  | 1,123 |  |  | 0.63 | %
Total interest-bearing deposits |  | 3,585,560 |  |  | 6,597 |  |  | 0.75 | % |  | 3,513,814 |  |  | 2,769 |  |  | 0.32 | %
Federal funds purchased & securities sold under agreements to repurchase |  | 72,664 |  |  | 44 |  |  | 0.25 | % |  | 75,167 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 0.25 | %
Other borrowings |  | 993,773 |  |  | 6,044 |  |  | 2.47 | % |  | 1,053,311 |  |  | 4,359 |  |  | 1.68 | %
Trust preferred debentures |  | 16,878 |  |  | 329 |  |  | 7.90 | % |  | 16,706 |  |  | 279 |  |  | 6.77 | %
Total interest-bearing liabilities |  | 4,668,875 |  |  | 13,014 |  |  | 1.13 | % |  | 4,658,998 |  |  | 7,453 |  |  | 0.65 | %
Noninterest bearing deposits |  | 1,338,623 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,351,307 |  |  |  |  |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities |  | 105,131 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 67,495 |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities |  | 6,112,629 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,077,800 |  |  |  |  |
Tompkins Financial Corporation Shareholders’ equity |  | 629,305 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 573,536 |  |  |  |  |
Noncontrolling interest |  | 1,426 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,427 |  |  |  |  |
Total equity |  | 630,731 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 574,963 |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities and equity |  | $ | 6,743,360 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,652,763 |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate spread |  |  |  |  |  | 3.04 | % |  |  |  |  |  | 3.25 | %
Net interest income/margin on earning assets |  |  |  | 52,327 |  |  | 3.34 | % |  |  |  | 53,152 |  |  | 3.42 | %
Tax Equivalent Adjustment |  |  |  | (413 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (465 | ) |  |
Net interest income per consolidated financial statements |  |  |  | $ | 51,914 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 52,687 |  |  |

1 Average balances and yields on available-for-sale securities are based on historical amortized cost
2 Interest income includes the tax effects of taxable-equivalent adjustments using an effective income tax rate of 21% in 2019 and 2018 to increase tax exempt interest income to taxable-equivalent basis.
3 Nonaccrual loans are included in the average asset totals presented above. Payments received on nonaccrual loans have been recognized as disclosed in Note 1 of the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in Part 1 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.
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Net Interest Income
Net interest income is the Company’s largest source of revenue, representing 72.8% of total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to 74.7% for the same period in 2018. Net interest income is dependent on the volume and composition of interest earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and the level of market interest rates. The above table shows average interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, and the corresponding yield or cost associated with each.
Taxable-equivalent net interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2019, was down 1.5% over the same period in 2018. The decrease compared to the prior year was mainly due to higher costs associated with interest bearing liabilities, which was largely driven by the higher market interest rate environment, more than offsetting growth in interest income. However, net interest income benefited from a slight shift in the composition of average earning assets, with loans, which carry higher average yields than securities, comprising an increased percentage of average earning assets. For the three months ended March 31, 2019, average loans represented 75.5% of average earning assets compared to 74.4% for the same period in 2018. With the recent increases in market interest rates, funding costs have risen at a faster pace than the Company's asset yields, resulting in a decline in net interest margin. Net interest margin for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was 3.34% compared to 3.42% for the same period in 2018.
Taxable-equivalent interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2019, was $65.3 million, up 7.8% compared to the same period in 2018. The increase in taxable-equivalent interest income was mainly the result of an increase in average loans, as well as higher average yields on loans. Average loan balances for the three months ended March 31, 2019, were up $104.5 million or 2.2%, and the average yield on loans increased to 4.71% for the first quarter of 2019, up 28 basis points compared to the first quarter of 2018. Average securities balances for the three months ended March 31, 2019, were down $50.2 million or 3.2%, while the average yield on securities was up 13 basis points compared to the same period in 2018.
Interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019, increased by $5.6 million or 74.6% compared to the same period in 2018, driven mainly by increased balances in average interest bearing deposits, combined with increases in market rates that resulted in higher average rates paid on interest bearing deposits and borrowings. The average cost of interest bearing deposits was 0.75% during the first quarter of 2019, which was up 43 basis points from the average cost in the first quarter of 2018. The average cost of interest bearing liabilities increased to 1.13% for the first quarter of 2019 from 0.65% for the first quarter of 2018. Average interest bearing deposits for the first quarter of 2019 were up $71.7 million or 2.0% compared to the same period in 2018. Average other borrowings for the three months ended March 31, 2019 were down $59.5 million or 5.7% compared to the same period in 2018. Interest expense for the first three months of 2019 and 2018 was positively impacted by $142,000 and $502,000, respectively, of accelerated accretion of purchase accounting deposit discounts from certain deposits acquired in the Company's acquisition of VIST Financial Corp in 2012.
Provision for Loan and Lease Losses
The provision for loan and lease losses represents management’s estimate of the amount necessary to maintain the allowance for loan and lease losses at an appropriate level. The provision for loan and lease losses for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was $445,000 which was down compared to the same period in 2018. The decrease in provision expense was mainly due to slower loan growth and stable asset quality. The section captioned “Financial Condition – The Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses” below has further details on the allowance for loan and lease losses and asset quality metrics.
Noninterest Income
Noninterest income was $19.4 million for the first quarter of 2019, which was up 8.8% compared to the same period prior year. Noninterest income represented 27.2% of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to 25.3% for the same period in 2018.
Insurance commissions and fees, the largest component of noninterest income, were $8.0 million for the first quarter of 2019, an increase of $651,000 or 8.8% from the same period prior year. The increase in insurance revenues in the first quarter of 2019 compared to the same period in 2018 reflects growth in contingency revenue and in all business lines (personal, commercial and life and health) over prior year.
Investment services income of $4.1 million in the first quarter of 2019 was down $162,000 or 3.8% compared to the first quarter of 2018. Investment services income includes trust services, financial planning, wealth management services, and brokerage related services. With fees largely based on the market value and the mix of assets managed, the general direction of the stock market can have a considerable impact on fee income. The fair value of assets managed by, or in custody of, Tompkins was $4.0 billion at March 31, 2019, compared to $4.1 billion for the same period in 2018. The fair value at March 31, 2019 includes $1.1 billion of Company-owned securities where Tompkins Trust Company is custodian.
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Card services income of $2.8 million in the first quarter of 2019 was up $644,000 or 30.0% compared to the same period in 2018. Contributing to the increase over the prior year was a one-time incentive payment of $500,000 (pre-tax) related to our merchant card business.
Other income of $2.5 million in the first quarter of 2019 was up 38.6% compared to the same period in 2018. The increase in the first quarter of 2019 compared to the first quarter of 2018 was mainly a result of an increase in other service charges (up $85,000), the cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance (up $126,000), gains on sales of residential mortgage loans (up $73,000), and other income (up $406,000), which included approximately $200,000 in fees related to a large credit relationship that paid off during the quarter and a $272,000 partial reversal of an accrual established in 2018 for estimated exposure on a letter of credit.
Noninterest Expense
Noninterest expense was $44.2 million for the first quarter of 2019, up 1.1% compared to the same period in 2018. Noninterest expense as a percentage of total revenue for the first quarter of 2019 and 2018 was 62.0%.
Expenses associated with salaries and wages and employee benefits are the largest component of noninterest expense, representing 60.4% of total noninterest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 60.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2018. Salaries and wages expense for the three months ended March 31, 2019 was relatively flat compared to the same period in 2018. Other employee benefits increased by $0.2 million or 4.4% in the first quarter of 2019 over the same period of 2018, mainly due to increased costs in health insurance and post-retirement benefits.
Other expense categories, not related to compensation and benefits, for the three months ended March 31, 2019, were in line with the same period in 2018. The significant components of other operating expense are professional fees, technology, and marketing expenses. Technology expense for the first quarter of 2019 was up $0.2 million or 7.5% over the same period prior year, mainly as a result of investments in strengthening the Company's compliance and information security infrastructure. Professional fees and marketing expenses for the first quarter of 2019 were in line with prior year.
Income Tax Expense
The provision for income taxes was $5.6 million for an effective rate of 21.0% for the first quarter of 2019, compared to tax expense of $5.8 million and an effective rate of 22.0% for the same quarter in 2018. The effective rates differ from the U.S. statutory rate primarily due to the effect of tax-exempt income from loans, securities and life insurance assets, and the income tax effects associated with stock based compensation.
FINANCIAL CONDITION
Total assets were $6.7 billion at March 31, 2019, which were in line with December 31, 2018. Total originated loan balances were $4.5 billion at March 31, 2019 compared to $4.6 billion at year-end 2018. Total acquired loans of $256.9 million were down $8.3 million or 3.1% from December 31, 2018, due to expected run-off in the acquired portfolio. Total deposits were up $101.0 million or 2.1% from December 31, 2018. Other borrowings decreased $152.6 million or 14.2% from December 31, 2018, as a result of deposit growth outpacing loan growth in the period.
Securities
As of March 31, 2019, the Company’s securities portfolio was $1.48 billion or 22.0% of total assets, compared to $1.47 billion or 21.8% of total assets at year-end 2018. The following table details the composition of available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities.
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Available-for-Sale Securities |  |  |
| March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
(in thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
U.S. Treasuries | $ | 280 |  |  | $ | 280 |  |  | 289 |  |  | 289 |
Obligations of U.S. Government sponsored entities | 478,819 |  |  | 475,745 |  |  | 493,371 |  |  | 485,898 |
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions | 87,459 |  |  | 87,778 |  |  | 86,260 |  |  | 85,440 |
Mortgage-backed securities - residential, issued by |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Government agencies | 147,971 |  |  | 146,010 |  |  | 131,831 |  |  | 128,267 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities | 642,054 |  |  | 631,328 |  |  | 649,620 |  |  | 630,558 |
Non-U.S. Government agencies or sponsored entities | 19 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 31 |
U.S. corporate debt securities | 2,500 |  |  | 2,450 |  |  | 2,500 |  |  | 2,175 |
Total available-for-sale securities | 1,359,102 |  |  | 1,343,610 |  |  | 1,363,902 |  |  | 1,332,658 |

Held-to-Maturity Securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
(in thousands) | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
Obligations of U.S. Government sponsored entities | $ | 131,205 |  |  | $ | 131,985 |  |  | $ | 131,306 |  |  | $ | 130,108 |
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions | $ | 8,437 |  |  | $ | 8,437 |  |  | $ | 9,273 |  |  | $ | 9,269 |
Total held-to-maturity debt securities | $ | 139,642 |  |  | $ | 140,422 |  |  | $ | 140,579 |  |  | $ | 139,377 |

The decrease in unrealized losses, which reflects the amount that amortized cost exceeds fair value, related to the available-for-sale portfolio was due primarily to changes in market interest rates during the first three months of 2019. Management’s policy is to purchase investment grade securities that on average have relatively short duration, which helps mitigate interest rate risk and provides sources of liquidity without significant risk to capital.
Quarterly, the Company evaluates all investment securities with a fair value less than amortized cost to identify any other-than-temporary impairment as defined under generally accepted accounting principles. As a result of the other-than-temporary impairment review process, the Company does not consider any investment security held at March 31, 2019 to be other-than-temporarily impaired. Future changes in interest rates or the credit quality and credit support of the underlying issuers may reduce the market value of these and other securities. If such decline is determined to be other than temporary, the Company will record the necessary charge to earnings and/or accumulated other comprehensive income to reduce the securities to their then current fair value.
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Loans and Leases
Loans and leases as of the end of the first quarter and prior year-end periods were as follows:
| March 31, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
(in thousands) | Originated |  | Acquired |  | Total Loans and Leases |  | Originated |  |  | Acquired |  |  | Total Loans and Leases |
Commercial and industrial |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agriculture | $ | 94,737 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 94,737 |  |  | $ | 107,494 |  |  | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 107,494 |
Commercial and industrial other | 910,784 |  |  | 42,665 |  |  | 953,449 |  |  | 926,429 |  |  | 43,712 |  |  | 970,141 |
Subtotal commercial and industrial | 1,005,521 |  |  | 42,665 |  |  | 1,048,186 |  |  | 1,033,923 |  |  | 43,712 |  |  | 1,077,635 |
Commercial real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction | 167,181 |  |  | 1,361 |  |  | 168,542 |  |  | 164,285 |  |  | 1,384 |  |  | 165,669 |
Agriculture | 170,528 |  |  | 219 |  |  | 170,747 |  |  | 170,005 |  |  | 224 |  |  | 170,229 |
Commercial real estate other | 1,834,496 |  |  | 172,169 |  |  | 2,006,665 |  |  | 1,827,279 |  |  | 177,484 |  |  | 2,004,763 |
Subtotal commercial real estate | 2,172,205 |  |  | 173,749 |  |  | 2,345,954 |  |  | 2,161,569 |  |  | 179,092 |  |  | 2,340,661 |
Residential real estate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Home equity | 203,538 |  |  | 19,586 |  |  | 223,124 |  |  | 208,459 |  |  | 21,149 |  |  | 229,608 |
Mortgages | 1,070,806 |  |  | 20,086 |  |  | 1,090,892 |  |  | 1,083,802 |  |  | 20,484 |  |  | 1,104,286 |
Subtotal residential real estate | 1,274,344 |  |  | 39,672 |  |  | 1,314,016 |  |  | 1,292,261 |  |  | 41,633 |  |  | 1,333,894 |
Consumer and other |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Indirect | 13,430 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 13,430 |  |  | 12,663 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 12,663 |
Consumer and other | 55,885 |  |  | 811 |  |  | 56,696 |  |  | 57,565 |  |  | 761 |  |  | 58,326 |
Subtotal consumer and other | 69,315 |  |  | 811 |  |  | 70,126 |  |  | 70,228 |  |  | 761 |  |  | 70,989 |
Leases | 15,164 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 15,164 |  |  | 14,556 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 14,556 |
Total loans and leases | 4,536,549 |  |  | 256,897 |  |  | 4,793,446 |  |  | 4,572,537 |  |  | 265,198 |  |  | 4,837,735 |
Less: unearned income and deferred costs and fees | (3,746 | ) |  | 0 |  |  | (3,746 | ) |  | (3,796 | ) |  | 0 |  |  | (3,796 | )
Total loans and leases, net of unearned income and deferred costs and fees | $ | 4,532,803 |  |  | $ | 256,897 |  |  | $ | 4,789,700 |  |  | $ | 4,568,741 |  |  | $ | 265,198 |  |  | $ | 4,833,939 |

Total loans and leases of $4.8 billion at March 31, 2019 were down $44.2 million or 0.9% from December 31, 2018. The decrease is partially due to higher than expected paydowns/payoffs as a result of competitive market conditions. On August 1, 2012, the Company acquired $889.3 million of loans in the VIST Financial acquisition. These loans are shown in the table under the acquired loan heading. All other loans, including loans originated by VIST Bank since the acquisition date of August 1, 2012, are considered originated loans. Originated loan balances at March 31, 2019 were down $35.9 million or 0.8% from year-end 2018. As of March 31, 2019, total loans and leases represented 71.1% of total assets compared to 71.5% of total assets at December 31, 2018.
Residential real estate loans, including home equity loans, were $1.3 billion at March 31, 2019, down $19.9 million or 1.5% compared to December 31, 2018, and comprised 27.4% of total loans and leases at March 31, 2019. Changes in residential loan balances are impacted by the Company’s decision to retain these loans or sell them in the secondary market due to interest rate considerations. The Company’s Asset/Liability Committee meets regularly and establishes standards for selling and retaining residential real estate mortgage originations.
The Company may sell residential real estate loans in the secondary market based on interest rate considerations. These residential real estate loans are generally sold to Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”) or State of New York Mortgage Agency (“SONYMA”) without recourse in accordance with standard secondary market loan sale agreements. These residential real estate loans also are subject to customary representations and warranties made by the Company, including representations and warranties related to gross incompetence and fraud. The Company has not had to repurchase any loans as a result of these representations and warranties.
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During the first three months of 2019 and 2018, the Company sold $8.5 million and $0.8 million, respectively, of residential real estate loans and recognized gains on these sales of $94,000 and $21,000, respectively. These residential real estate loans were sold without recourse in accordance with standard secondary market loan sale agreements. When residential mortgage loans are sold, the Company typically retains all servicing rights, which provides the Company with a source of fee income. Mortgage servicing rights totaled $0.9 million at March 31, 2019 and $0.8 million at December 31, 2018.
Commercial real estate loans and commercial and industrial loans totaled $2.3 billion and $1.1 billion, respectively, and represented 48.7% and 22.1%, respectively of total loans as of March 31, 2019. The commercial real estate portfolio was in line with year-end 2018, while commercial and industrial loans were down 1.7%.
As of March 31, 2019, agriculturally-related loans totaled $265.5 million or 5.5% of total loans and leases, compared to $277.7 million or 5.7% of total loans and leases at December 31, 2018. Agriculturally-related loans include loans to dairy farms and cash and vegetable crop farms. Agriculturally-related loans are primarily made based on identified cash flows of the borrower with consideration given to underlying collateral, personal guarantees, and government related guarantees. Agriculturally-related loans are generally secured by the assets or property being financed or other business assets such as accounts receivable, livestock, equipment or commodities/crops.
The acquired loans in the above table reflect loans acquired in the acquisition of VIST Financial Corp. during the third quarter of 2012. The acquired loans were recorded at fair value pursuant to the purchase accounting guidelines in FASB ASC 805 – “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (as determined by the present value of expected future cash flows) with no valuation allowance (i.e., the allowance for loan losses). Upon acquisition, the Company evaluated whether each acquired loan (regardless of size) was within the scope of ASC 310-30, “Receivables – Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality”.
The carrying value of acquired loans accounted for in accordance with this guidance was $10.8 million at March 31, 2019 as compared to $11.0 million at December 31, 2018. The carrying value of loans not exhibiting evidence of credit impairment at the time of the acquisition (i.e. loans outside of the scope of ASC 310-30) was $246.1 million at March 31, 2019, compared to $254.2 million at December 31, 2018.
The Company has adopted comprehensive lending policies, underwriting standards and loan review procedures. Management reviews these policies and procedures on a regular basis. The Company discussed its lending policies and underwriting guidelines for its various lending portfolios in Note 3 – “Loans and Leases” in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. There have been no significant changes in these policies and guidelines since the date of that report. Therefore, both new originations as well as those balances held at March 31, 2019, reflect these policies and guidelines. The Company’s Board of Directors approves the lending policies at least annually. The Company recognizes that exceptions to policy guidelines may occasionally occur and has established procedures for approving exceptions to these policy guidelines. Management has also implemented reporting systems to monitor loan originations, loan quality, concentrations of credit, loan delinquencies and nonperforming loans and potential problem loans.
The Company’s loan and lease customers are located primarily in the New York and Pennsylvania communities served by its four subsidiary banks. Although operating in numerous communities in New York State and Pennsylvania, the Company is still dependent on the general economic conditions of these states and the local economic conditions of the communities within those states in which the Company does business. Other than geographic and general economic risks, management is not aware of any material concentrations of credit risk to any industry or individual borrower.
The Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses
The tables below provide, as of the dates indicated, an allocation of the allowance for probable and inherent loan losses by type. The allocation is neither indicative of the specific amounts or the loan categories in which future charge-offs may occur, nor is it an indicator of future loss trends. The allocation of the allowance to each category does not restrict the use of the allowance to absorb losses in any category.

(in thousands) | 3/31/2019 |  | 12/31/2018 |  | 3/31/2018
Allowance for originated loans and leases |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | $ | 11,523 |  |  | $ | 11,217 |  |  | $ | 12,431 |
Commercial real estate | 21,045 |  |  | 23,483 |  |  | 20,402 |
Residential real estate | 6,404 |  |  | 7,317 |  |  | 5,972 |
Consumer and other | 1,273 |  |  | 1,304 |  |  | 1,302 |
Total | $ | 40,245 |  |  | $ | 43,321 |  |  | $ | 40,107 |

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(in thousands) | 3/31/2019 |  |  | 12/31/2018 |  |  | 3/31/2018 |
Allowance for acquired loans |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | 0 |  |  | 55 |  |  | 25 |
Commercial real estate | 25 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |
Residential real estate | 58 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 73 |
Consumer and other | 0 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 6 |
Total | 83 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 104 |

As of March 31, 2019, the total allowance for loan and lease losses was $40.3 million, which included $40.2 million of allowance for originated loans and leases and $0.1 million of allowance for acquired loans. The $3.1 million decrease in the allowance at March 31, 2019, compared to year-end 2018 was mainly due to a $3.1 million write-down of a single commercial real estate relationship. This relationship was downgraded in the fourth quarter of 2018 and an impairment reserve was established at that time. This impairment reserve contributed to the increase in the allowance for loan and lease losses at year-end 2018. Asset quality metrics remained favorable at March 31, 2019, with lower levels of internally-classified Special Mention or Substandard loans, nonperforming loans and leases and past due loans and leases compared to year-end 2018 and March 31, 2018. Loans internally-classified Special Mention or Substandard were down from year end 2018 by $2.7 million or 3.6%. Nonperforming loans and leases were down $239,000 or 1.9% from year end 2018 and represented 0.48% of total loans at March 31, 2019 compared to 0.55% at December 31, 2018. The allowance for loan and lease losses covered 175.51% of nonperforming loans and leases as of March 31, 2019, compared to 163.25% at December 31, 2018.
The Company’s allowance for originated loan and lease losses totaled $40.2 million at March 31, 2019, which represented 0.89% of total originated loans, down from 0.95% at December 31, 2018, and 0.91% at March 31, 2018. The decrease in the dollar balance of the originated allowance at March 31, 2019, compared to year end 2018 was mainly due to the $3.1 million write-down on the commercial real estate relationship mentioned above. Stable asset quality, slower loan growth and favorable qualitative factors contributed to the decrease in the ratio of originated allowance to total originated loans at March 31, 2019 compared to year-end 2018. Nonaccrual originated loans were $15.2 million as of March 31, 2019 compared to $19.3 million at year end 2018, and $18.4 million at March 31, 2018.
The allowance for acquired loans at March 31, 2019 was $83,000, down from $89,000 at year end 2018, and $104,000 at March 31, 2018. As part of the determination of the fair value of acquired loans at the time of acquisition, the Company established a credit mark to provide for future credit losses in the acquired portfolio. To the extent that credit quality deteriorates subsequent to acquisition, such deterioration will result in the establishment of an allowance for the acquired portfolio. Nonaccrual acquired loans were $2.6 million as of March 31, 2019 compared to $2.9 million at year-end 2018, and $3.4 million at March 31, 2018.
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Activity in the Company’s allowance for loan and lease losses during the first three months of 2019 and 2018 is illustrated in the table below.

Analysis of the Allowance for Originated Loan and Lease Losses
(in thousands) | 3/31/2019 |  | 3/31/2018 |
Average originated loans outstanding during period | $ | 4,531,940 |  | $ | 4,383,075 |
Balance of originated allowance at beginning of year | $ | 43,321 |  | $ | 39,686 |
ORIGINATED LOANS CHARGED-OFF: |  |
Commercial and industrial | 380 |  | 3 |
Commercial real estate | 3,343 |  | 0 |
Residential real estate | 18 |  | 185 |
Consumer and other | 180 |  | 292 |
Total loans charged-off | $ | 3,921 |  | $ | 480 |
RECOVERIES OF ORIGINATED LOANS PREVIOUSLY CHARGED-OFF: |  |
Commercial and industrial | 43 |  | 6 |
Commercial real estate | 1 |  | 170 |
Residential real estate | 226 |  | 42 |
Consumer and other | 95 |  | 75 |
Total loans recoveries | $ | 365 |  | $ | 293 |
Net loans charged-off | 3,556 |  | 187 |
Additions to originated allowance charged to operations | 480 |  | 608 |
Balance of originated allowance at end of period | $ | 40,245 |  | $ | 40,107 |
Allowance for originated loans and leases as a percentage of originated loans and leases | 0.89 | % | 0.91 | %
Annualized net charge-offs on originated loans to average total originated loans and leases during the period | 0.32 | % | 0.02 | %

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Analysis of the Allowance for Acquired Loan Losses
(in thousands) | 3/31/2019 |  |  | 3/31/2018 |
Average acquired loans outstanding during period | $ | 260,667 |  |  | $ | 305,012 |
Balance of acquired allowance at beginning of year | 89 |  |  | 85 |
ACQUIRED LOANS CHARGED-OFF: |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | 0 |  |  | 1 |
Commercial real estate | 0 |  |  | 0 |
Residential real estate | 0 |  |  | 0 |
Consumer and other | 0 |  |  | 0 |
Total loans charged-off | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 1 |
RECOVERIES OF ACQUIRED LOANS PREVIOUSLY CHARGED-OFF: |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | 16 |  |  | 20 |
Commercial real estate | 6 |  |  | 8 |
Residential real estate | 7 |  |  | 33 |
Consumer and other | $ | 0 |  |  | $ | 0 |
Total loans recovered | $ | 29 |  |  | $ | 61 |
Net loans (recovered) charged-off | (29 | ) |  | (60 | )
Additions to acquired allowance charged to operations | (35 | ) |  | (41 | )
Balance of acquired allowance at end of period | $ | 83 |  |  | $ | 104 |
Allowance for acquired loans as a percentage of acquired loans outstanding acquired loans and leases | 0.03 | % |  | 0.03 | %
Annualized net charge-offs (recoveries) on acquired loans as a percentage of average acquired loans and leases outstanding during the period | (0.05 | )% |  | (0.08 | )%
Annualized total net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans and leases outstanding during the period | 0.30 | % |  | 0.01 | %

Net loan and lease chargeoffs totaled $3.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to net charge-offs of $127,000 for the same period in 2018. The year-over-year increase was mainly due to the $3.1 million write-down of one relationship in the commercial real estate loan portfolio. This relationship was downgraded in the fourth quarter of 2018 and an impairment reserve was established at that time. Annualized net charge-offs were 0.30% of average total loans and leases, compared to 0.01% for the same period in 2018.
The provision for loan and lease losses was $445,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2019, compared to $567,000 for the same period in 2018. The provision for loan and lease losses is based upon the Company's quarterly evaluation of the appropriateness of the allowance for loan and lease losses. Slower loan growth and stable asset quality measures contributed to the decrease in the provision for loan and lease losses for the three months ended March 31, 2019 compared to the same period of 2018.
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Analysis of Past Due and Nonperforming Loans |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) | 3/31/2019 |  |  | 12/31/2018 |  |  | 3/31/2018 |
Loans 90 days past due and accruing |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | $ | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |
Consumer and other | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |
Total loans 90 days past due and accruing | $ | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |
Nonaccrual loans |  |  |  |  |
Commercial and industrial | 1,933 |  |  | 1,883 |  |  | 4,681 |
Commercial real estate | 3,742 |  |  | 8,007 |  |  | 5,720 |
Residential real estate | 11,833 |  |  | 12,072 |  |  | 11,140 |
Consumer and other | 236 |  |  | 234 |  |  | 240 |
Total nonaccrual loans | $ | 17,744 |  |  | 22,196 |  |  | 21,781 |
Troubled debt restructurings not included above | 5,234 |  |  | 4,395 |  |  | 3,455 |
Total nonperforming loans and leases | $ | 22,978 |  |  | 26,591 |  |  | 25,236 |
Other real estate owned | 1,595 |  |  | 1,595 |  |  | 2,047 |
Total nonperforming assets | $ | 24,573 |  |  | $ | 28,186 |  |  | $ | 27,283 |
Allowance as a percentage of nonperforming loans and leases | 175.51 | % |  | 163.25 | % |  | 159.34 | %
Total nonperforming loans and leases as percentage of total loans and leases | 0.48 | % |  | 0.55 | % |  | 0.54 | %
Total nonperforming assets as percentage of total assets | 0.36 | % |  | 0.42 | % |  | 0.41 | %

1 The March 31, 2019, December 31, 2018, and March 31, 2018 columns in the above table exclude $1.2 million, $1.3 million, and $1.1 million, respectively, of acquired loans that are 90 days past due and accruing interest. These loans were originally recorded at fair value on the acquisition date of August 1, 2012. These loans are considered to be accruing as we can reasonably estimate future cash flows on these acquired loans and we expect to fully collect the carrying value of these loans. Therefore, we are accreting the difference between the carrying value of these loans and their expected cash flows into interest income.
Nonperforming assets include nonaccrual loans, troubled debt restructurings (“TDR”), and foreclosed real estate/other real estate owned. Total nonperforming assets of $24.6 million at March 31, 2019 were down $3.6 million or 12.8% compared to December 31, 2018, and $2.7 million or 9.9% compared to March 31, 2018. Nonperforming assets represented 0.36% of total assets at March 31, 2019, down from 0.42% at December 31, 2018, and 0.41% at March 31, 2018. The Company’s ratio of nonperforming assets to total assets continues to compare favorably to our peer group’s most recent ratio of 0.59% at December 31, 2018. Total nonperforming loans and leases of $23.0 million were down $3.6 million or 13.6% from year end 2018, and $2.3 million or 8.9% from March 31, 2018. Contributing to the decrease in nonperforming loans and leases was the $3.1 million write-down of a single commercial real estate relationship during the first quarter of 2019. This relationship was downgraded and placed on nonaccrual status during the fourth quarter of 2018 and an impairment reserve was established at that time. A breakdown of nonperforming loans and leases by portfolio segment is above.
Loans are considered modified in a TDR when, due to a borrower’s financial difficulties, the Company makes a concession(s) to the borrower that it would not otherwise consider and the borrower could not obtain elsewhere. These modifications may include, among others, an extension of the term of the loan, and granting a period when interest-only payments can be made, with the principal payments made over the remaining term of the loan or at maturity. TDRs are included in the above table within the following categories: “loans 90 days past due and accruing”, “nonaccrual loans”, or “troubled debt restructurings not included above”. Loans in the latter category include loans that meet the definition of a TDR but are performing in accordance with the modified terms and therefore classified as accruing loans. At March 31, 2019, the Company had $6.9 million in TDRs, and of that total $1.7 million were reported as nonaccrual and $5.2 million were considered performing and included in the table above.
In general, the Company places a loan on nonaccrual status if principal or interest payments become 90 days or more past due and/or management deems the collectability of the principal and/or interest to be in question, as well as when required by applicable regulations. Although in nonaccrual status, the Company may continue to receive payments on these loans. These payments are generally recorded as a reduction to principal, and interest income is recorded only after principal recovery is reasonably assured.
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The Company’s recorded investment in loans and leases that are considered impaired totaled $14.5 million at March 31, 2019, compared to $17.6 million at December 31, 2018 and $18.6 million at March 31, 2018. A loan is impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Impaired loans consist of our non-homogenous nonaccrual loans, and all TDRs. Specific reserves on individually identified impaired loans that are not collateral dependent are measured based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the original effective interest rate of each loan. For loans that are collateral dependent, impairment is measured based on the fair value of the collateral less estimated selling costs, and such impaired amounts are generally charged off.
The year to date average recorded investment in impaired loans and leases was $16.0 million at March 31, 2019, compared to $17.2 million at March 31, 2018. At March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, there was a specific reserve of $435,000 and $3.8 million, respectively, on impaired loans. The specific reserve of $435,000 at March 31, 2019 was for impaired loans in the originated portfolio; there were no specific reserves for impaired loans in the acquired portfolio. The specific reserve of $3.8 million reported at December 31, 2018 was primarily related to one commercial loan relationship in the originated loan portfolio, which was charged down in the first quarter of 2019. The majority of impaired loans were collateral dependent impaired loans that have limited exposure or require limited specific reserve because of the amount of collateral support with respect to these loans and previous charge-offs. Interest payments on impaired loans are typically applied to principal unless collectability of the principal amount is reasonably assured. In these cases, interest is recognized on a cash basis.
The ratio of the allowance to nonperforming loans and leases (loans past due 90 days and accruing, nonaccrual loans and restructured troubled debt) was 175.51% at March 31, 2019, compared to 163.25% at December 31, 2018, and 159.34% at March 31, 2018. The Company’s nonperforming loans and leases are mostly made up of collateral dependent impaired loans with limited exposure or loans that require limited specific reserve due to the level of collateral available with respect to these loans and/or previous charge-offs.
Management reviews the loan portfolio continuously for evidence of potential problem loans and leases. Potential problem loans and leases are loans and leases that are currently performing in accordance with contractual terms, but where known information about possible credit problems of the related borrowers causes management to have doubt as to the ability of such borrowers to comply with the present loan payment terms and may result in such loans and leases becoming nonperforming at some time in the future. Management considers loans and leases classified as Substandard, which continue to accrue interest, to be potential problem loans and leases.
The Company, through its internal loan review function, identified 27 commercial relationships from the originated portfolio and 6 commercial relationships from the acquired portfolio totaling $29.0 million and $1.2 million, respectively at March 31, 2019 that were potential problem loans. At December 31, 2018, the Company had identified 29 relationships totaling $33.7 million in the originated portfolio and 6 relationships totaling $1.2 million in the acquired portfolio that were potential problem loans. Of the 27 commercial relationships in the originated portfolio at March 31, 2019 that were Substandard, there were 10 relationships that equaled or exceeded $1.0 million, which in aggregate totaled $25.9 million, the largest of which was $9.0 million. Of the 6 commercial relationships from the acquired loan portfolio at March 31, 2019 that were Substandard, there were no relationships that equaled or exceeded $1.0 million. The Company continues to monitor these potential problem relationships; however, management cannot predict the extent to which continued weak economic conditions or other factors may further impact borrowers. These loans remain in a performing status due to a variety of factors, including payment history, the value of collateral supporting the credits, and personal or government guarantees. These factors, when considered in the aggregate, give management reason to believe that the current risk exposure on these loans does not warrant accounting for these loans as nonperforming. However, these loans do exhibit certain risk factors, which have the potential to cause them to become nonperforming. Accordingly, management’s attention is focused on these credits, which are reviewed on at least a quarterly basis.
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Capital
Total equity was $647.3 million at March 31, 2019, an increase of $26.4 million or 4.3% from December 31, 2018. The increase reflects growth in retained earnings and a decline in accumulated other comprehensive losses.
Additional paid-in capital remained relatively flat, increasing slightly from $366.6 million at December 31, 2018, to $367.2 million at March 31, 2019. The slight increase was primarily attributable to $1.0 million related to stock based compensation, partially offset by $0.2 million related to the exercise of stock options and $0.1 million related to the Company's director deferred compensation plan. Retained earnings increased by $13.4 million from $319.4 million at December 31, 2018, to $332.8 million at March 31, 2019, reflecting net income of $21.0 million less dividends paid of $7.7 million. Accumulated other comprehensive loss decreased from a net loss of $63.2 million at December 31, 2018, to a net loss of $51.0 million at March 31, 2019, reflecting an $11.9 million decrease in unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities due to changes in market rates coupled with a $0.3 million decrease related to post-retirement benefit plans. In connection with the effectiveness of the Basel III Capital Rules on January 1, 2015, the Company elected to opt-out of the requirement to include most components of other comprehensive income in regulatory capital. Accordingly, amounts reported as accumulated other comprehensive income/loss related to net unrealized gain or loss on available-for-sale securities and the funded status of the Company’s defined benefit post-retirement benefit plans do not increase or reduce regulatory capital and are not included in the calculation of risk-based capital and leverage ratios.
Cash dividends paid in the first three months of 2019 totaled approximately $7.7 million or $0.50 per common share, representing 36.4% of year to date 2019 earnings through March 31, 2019, and were up 4.2% over cash dividends of $7.3 million or $0.48 per common share paid in the first three months of 2018.
The Company and its subsidiary banks are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by Federal bank regulatory agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operation and financial condition. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action (PCA), banks must meet specific guidelines that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. Capital amounts and classifications of the Company and its subsidiary banks are also subject to qualitative judgments by regulators concerning components, risk weightings, and other factors. Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the maintenance of minimum amounts and ratios of common equity Tier 1 capital, Total capital and Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets, and of Tier 1 capital to average assets. Management believes that the Company and its subsidiary banks meet all capital adequacy requirements to which they are subject.
In addition to setting higher minimum capital ratios, the Basel III Capital Rules introduced a capital conservation buffer, which must be added to each of the minimum capital ratios and is designed to absorb losses during periods of economic stress. The capital conservation buffer was phased in over a 3-year period that began on January 1, 2016, and was fully phased-in on January 1, 2019 at 2.5%.
The following table provides a summary of the Company’s capital ratios as of March 31, 2019.

REGULATORY CAPITAL ANALYSIS
March 31, 2019 | Actual |  | Minimum Capital Required - Basel III Fully Phased-In |  | Well Capitalized Requirement
(dollar amounts in thousands) | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio |  | Amount |  | Ratio
Total Capital (to risk weighted assets) | $ | 657,173 |  |  | 13.39 | % |  | $ | 515,272 |  |  | 10.50 | % |  | $ | 490,735 |  |  | 10.00 | %
Tier 1 Capital (to risk weighted assets) | $ | 614,924 |  |  | 12.53 | % |  | $ | 417,125 |  |  | 8.50 | % |  | $ | 392,588 |  |  | 8.00 | %
Tier 1 Common Equity (to risk weighted assets) | $ | 598,018 |  |  | 12.19 | % |  | $ | 343,518 |  |  | 7.00 | % |  | $ | 318,978 |  |  | 6.50 | %
Tier 1 Capital (to average assets) | $ | 614,924 |  |  | 9.24 | % |  | $ | 266,159 |  |  | 4.00 | % |  | $ | 332,699 |  |  | 5.00 | %

As of March 31, 2019, the Company’s capital ratios exceeded the minimum required capital ratios plus the fully phased-in capital conservation buffer, and the minimum required capital ratios for well capitalized institutions. The capital levels required to be considered well capitalized, presented in the above table, are based upon prompt corrective action regulations, as amended to reflect the changes under Basel III Capital Rules.
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Total capital as a percent of risk weighted assets increased to 13.4% at March 31, 2019, compared with 13.1% as of December 31, 2018. Tier 1 capital as a percent of risk weighted assets increased from 12.2% at the end of 2018 to 12.5% as of March 31, 2019. Tier 1 capital as a percent of average assets was 9.2% at March 31, 2019, which is up from 9.1% at December 31, 2018. Common equity tier 1 capital was 12.2% at the end of the first quarter of 2019, up from 11.8% at the end of 2018.
As of March 31, 2019, the capital ratios for the Company’s subsidiary banks also exceeded the minimum required capital ratios plus the required conservation buffer, the minimum required capital ratios plus the fully phased-in capital conservation buffer, and the minimum required capital ratios for well capitalized institutions.
Deposits and Other Liabilities
Total deposits of $5.0 billion at March 31, 2019 were up $101.0 million or 2.1% from December 31, 2018. The increase from year-end 2018 was primarily in checking, money market and savings balances, which were up $124.4 million or 4.4% from year-end 2018. Non interest bearing deposits and time deposits were down $47.9 million or 3.4% and up $24.4 million or 3.8%, respectively, from year-end 2018.
The most significant source of funding for the Company is core deposits. The Company defines core deposits as total deposits less time deposits of $250,000 or more, brokered deposits and municipal money market deposits. Core deposits were up by $155.2 million or 3.78% to $4.3 billion at March 31, 2019, from year-end 2018. Core deposits represented 85.4% of total deposits at March 31, 2019, compared to 84.0% of total deposits at December 31, 2018.
The Company uses both retail and wholesale repurchase agreements. Retail repurchase agreements are arrangements with local customers of the Company, in which the Company agrees to sell securities to the customer with an agreement to repurchase those securities at a specified later date. Retail repurchase agreements totaled $66.9 million at March 31, 2019, and $81.7 million at December 31, 2018. Management generally views local repurchase agreements as an alternative to large time deposits.
The Company’s other borrowings totaled $923.4 million at March 31, 2019, down $152.6 million or 14.2% from $1.1 billion at December 31, 2018. Borrowings decreased primarily due to seasonal deposit growth from year-end 2018. Borrowings at March 31, 2019 included $554.4 million in FHLB overnight advances, $365.0 million of FHLB term advances, and a $4.0 million advance from a bank. Borrowings at year-end 2018 included $647.1 million in overnight advances from FHLB, $425.0 million of FHLB term advances, and a $4.0 million advance from a bank. Of the $365.0 million in FHLB term advances at March 31, 2019, $90.0 million is due in over one year.
Liquidity
The objective of liquidity management is to ensure the availability of adequate funding sources to satisfy the demand for credit, deposit withdrawals, and business investment opportunities. The Company’s large, stable core deposit base and strong capital position are the foundation for the Company’s liquidity position. The Company uses a variety of resources to meet its liquidity needs, which include deposits, cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, cash flow from lending and investing activities, repurchase agreements, and borrowings. The Company’s Asset/Liability Management Committee monitors asset and liability positions of the Company’s subsidiary banks individually and on a combined basis. The Committee reviews periodic reports on liquidity and interest rate sensitivity positions. Comparisons with industry and peer groups are also monitored. The Company’s strong reputation in the communities it serves, along with its strong financial condition, provides access to numerous sources of liquidity as described below. Management believes these diverse liquidity sources provide sufficient means to meet all demands on the Company’s liquidity that are reasonably likely to occur.
Core deposits, discussed above under “Deposits and Other Liabilities”, are a primary and low cost funding source obtained primarily through the Company’s branch network. In addition to core deposits, the Company uses non-core funding sources to support asset growth. These non-core funding sources include time deposits of $250,000 or more, brokered time deposits, national deposit listing services, municipal money market deposits, bank borrowings, securities sold under agreements to repurchase and overnight and term advances from the FHLB. Rates and terms are the primary determinants of the mix of these funding sources. Non-core funding sources of $1.7 billion at March 31, 2019 decreased $221.7 million or 11.4% as compared to year end 2018. The decrease in non-core funding sources reflects mainly a decrease in overnight borrowings with the FHLB compared to year-end 2018. Non-core funding sources, as a percentage of total liabilities, were 28.2% at March 31, 2019, compared to 31.6% at December 31, 2018.
Non-core funding sources may require securities to be pledged against the underlying liability. Securities carried at $1.2 billion at March 31, 2019 and at $1.2 billion at December 31, 2018, were either pledged or sold under agreements to repurchase. Pledged securities represented 82.4% of total securities at March 31, 2019, compared to 77.8% of total securities at December 31, 2018.
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Cash and cash equivalents totaled $70.6 million as of March 31, 2019 which decreased from $80.4 million at December 31, 2018. Short-term investments, consisting of securities due in one year or less, increased from $86.8 million at December 31, 2018, to $125.6 million at March 31, 2019.
Cash flow from the loan and investment portfolios provides a significant source of liquidity. These assets may have stated maturities in excess of one year, but have monthly principal reductions. Total mortgage-backed securities, at fair value, were $777.4 million at March 31, 2019 compared with $758.9 million at December 31, 2018. Outstanding principal balances of residential mortgage loans, consumer loans, and leases totaled approximately $1.4 billion at March 31, 2019, down $20.1 million or 1.4% compared with year end 2018. Aggregate amortization from monthly payments on these assets provides significant additional cash flow to the Company.
The Company's liquidity is enhanced by ready access to national and regional wholesale funding sources including Federal funds purchased, repurchase agreements, brokered certificates of deposit, and FHLB advances. Through its subsidiary banks, the Company has borrowing relationships with the FHLB and correspondent banks, which provide secured and unsecured borrowing capacity. At March 31, 2019, the unused borrowing capacity on established lines with the FHLB was $1.2 billion.
As members of the FHLB, the Company’s subsidiary banks can use certain unencumbered mortgage-related assets and securities to secure additional borrowings from the FHLB. At March 31, 2019, total unencumbered residential mortgage loans and securities were $680.1 million. Additional assets may also qualify as collateral for FHLB advances upon approval of the FHLB.
The Company has not identified any trends or circumstances that are reasonably likely to result in material increases or decreases in liquidity in the near term.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosure About Market Risk
Interest rate risk is the primary market risk category associated with the Company’s operations. Interest rate risk refers to the volatility of earnings caused by changes in interest rates. The Company manages interest rate risk using income simulation to measure interest rate risk inherent in its on-balance sheet and off-balance sheet financial instruments at a given point in time. The simulation models are used to estimate the potential effect of interest rate shifts on net interest income for future periods. Each quarter, the Company’s Asset/Liability Management Committee reviews the simulation results to determine whether the exposure of net interest income to changes in interest rates remains within levels approved by the Company’s Board of Directors. The Committee also considers strategies to manage this exposure and incorporates these strategies into the investment and funding decisions of the Company. The Company does not currently use derivatives, such as interest rate swaps, to manage its interest rate risk exposure, but may consider such instruments in the future.
The Company’s Board of Directors has set a policy that interest rate risk exposure will remain within a range whereby net interest income will not decline by more than 10% in one year as a result of a 200 basis point parallel change in rates. Based upon the simulation analysis performed as of February 28, 2019, a 200 basis point parallel upward change in interest rates over a one-year time frame would result in a one-year decrease in net interest income from the base case of approximately 4.0%, while a 200 basis point parallel decline in interest rates over a one-year period would result in an increase in one-year net interest income from the base case of 1.4%. The simulation assumes no balance sheet growth and no management action to address balance sheet mismatches.
The decrease in net interest income in the rising rate scenario is a result of the balance sheet showing a more liability sensitive position over a one year time horizon. As such, in the short-term net interest income is expected to trend below the base assumption, as upward adjustments to rate sensitive deposits and short-term funding outpace increases to asset yields which are concentrated in intermediate to longer-term products. As intermediate and longer-term assets continue to reprice/adjust into higher rate environment and funding costs stabilize, net interest income is expected to trend upwards.
In the down 200 rate scenario net interest income increases in the first year as a result of the Company's assets repricing downward to a lesser degree than the rates on the Company's interest-bearing liabilities, mainly deposits and overnight borrowings. Rates on savings and money market accounts have moved up from the historically low levels, allowing for some interest rate relief in the first year of a declining rate scenario. In addition, the model assumes that prepayments accelerate in the down interest rate environment resulting in additional pressure on asset yields as proceeds are reinvested at lower rates.
The most recent simulation of a base case scenario, which assumes interest rates remain unchanged from the date of the simulation, reflects a net interest margin that is stable to higher over the next 12 to 18 months.
Although the simulation model is useful in identifying potential exposure to interest rate movements, actual results may differ from those modeled as the repricing, maturity, and prepayment characteristics of financial instruments may change to a different degree than modeled. In addition, the model does not reflect actions that management may employ to manage the Company’s interest rate risk exposure. The Company’s current liquidity profile, capital position, and growth prospects, offer a level of flexibility for management to take actions that could offset some of the negative effects of unfavorable movements in interest rates. Management believes the current exposure to changes in interest rates is not significant in relation to the earnings and capital strength of the Company.
In addition to the simulation analysis, management uses an interest rate gap measure. The table below is a Condensed Static Gap Report, which illustrates the anticipated repricing intervals of assets and liabilities as of March 31, 2019. The Company’s one-year net interest rate gap was a negative $918.4 million or 13.63% of total assets at March 31, 2019, compared with a negative $897.7 million or 13.28% of total assets at December 31, 2018. A negative gap position exists when the amount of interest-bearing liabilities maturing or repricing exceeds the amount of interest-earning assets maturing or repricing within a particular time period. This analysis suggests that the Company’s net interest income is moderately more vulnerable to an increasing rate environment than it is to a prolonged declining interest rate environment. An interest rate gap measure could be significantly affected by external factors such as a rise or decline in interest rates, loan or securities prepayments, and deposit withdrawals.
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Condensed Static Gap - March 31, 2019 |  |  |  |  | Repricing Interval |  |
(in thousands) | Total |  | 0-3 months |  | 3-6 months |  | 6-12 months |  | Cumulative 12 months
Interest-earning assets1 | $ | 6,335,575 |  |  | $ | 1,228,056 |  |  | $ | 281,325 |  |  | $ | 535,637 |  |  | $ | 2,045,018 |
Interest-bearing liabilities | 4,646,556 |  |  | 2,440,789 |  |  | 243,521 |  |  | 279,155 |  |  | 2,963,465 |
Net gap position |  |  | (1,212,733 | ) |  | 37,804 |  |  | 256,482 |  |  | (918,447 | )
Net gap position as a percentage of total assets |  |  | (18.00 | )% |  | 0.56 | % |  | 3.81 | % |  | (13.63 | )%

1 Balances of available securities are shown at amortized cost
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Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company’s management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of March 31, 2019. Based upon that evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this Report on Form 10-Q, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2019, that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Due to the nature of the Company’s business, the Company is party to a certain amount of litigation arising out of the ordinary course of the Company’s business. In the opinion of management, there are no pending claims which, if determined adversely, would have a material effect on the Company’s results of operations or financial condition.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
There have been no material changes in the risk factors previously disclosed under Item 1A. of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended, for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

| Total Number of Shares Purchased (a) |  |  | Average Price Paid Per Share (b) |  |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (c) |  |  | Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (d) |
January 1, 2019 through January 31, 2019 | 1,442 |  |  | $ | 79.05 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 383,017 |
February 1, 2019 through February 28, 2019 | 525 |  |  | 78.49 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 383,017 |
March 1, 2019 through March 31, 2019 | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 383,017 |
Total | 1,967 |  |  | $ | 78.90 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 383,017 |

Included in the table above are 1,442 shares purchased in January 2019, at an average cost of $79.05, and 517 shares purchased in February 2019, at an average cost of $78.53, by the trustee of the rabbi trust established by the Company under the Company’s Stock Retainer Plan For Eligible Directors of Tompkins Financial Corporation and Participating Subsidiaries, which were part of the director deferred compensation under that plan. In addition, the table includes 8 shares in February 2019 delivered to the Company by employees at an average cost of $76.08 to satisfy mandatory tax withholding requirements upon the vesting of restricted stock under the Company's 2009 Equity Plan.
On July 19, 2018, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase plan for the Company to repurchase up to 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Purchases could be made over the 24 months following adoption of the plan. The repurchase program could be suspended, modified or terminated by the Board of Directors at any time for any reason.
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This plan replaced the Company's existing 400,000 share plan announced in July 2016, which expired in July 2018. Under the current plan, the Company repurchased 16,983 shares through March 31, 2019 at an average cost per share of $73.17.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
None
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable
Item 5. Other Information
None
Item 6. Exhibits
EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number | Description | Pages
31.1 | Certification of Principal Executive Officer as required by Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. |
31.2 | Certification of Principal Financial Officer as required by Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. |
32.1 | Certification of Principal Executive Officer as required by Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 |
32.2 | Certification of Principal Financial Officer as required by Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 |
101 | The following materials from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Condition as of March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018; (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018; (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018; (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018; (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and 2018; and (vi) Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. |

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: | May 8, 2019

TOMPKINS FINANCIAL CORPORATION

By: | /s/ Stephen S. Romaine |
| Stephen S. Romaine |
| President and Chief Executive Officer |
| (Principal Executive Officer) |

By: | /s/ Francis M. Fetsko |
| Francis M. Fetsko |
| Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Chief Operating Officer
| (Principal Financial Officer) |
| (Principal Accounting Officer) |

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