
December 31, 2024	Available-for-Sale Debt Securities
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
U.S. Treasuries	$	75,141	$	140	$	3,784	$	71,497
Obligations of U.S. Government sponsored entities	398,648		2,008		20,376		380,280
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions	86,328		4		8,638		77,694
Mortgage-backed securities – residential, issued by
U.S. Government agencies	68,130		3		4,879		63,254
U.S. Government sponsored entities	736,376		1,680		101,696		636,360

U.S. corporate debt securities	2,500		0		53		2,447
Total available-for-sale debt securities	$	1,367,123	$	3,835	$	139,426	$	1,231,532


December 31, 2023	Available-for-Sale Debt Securities
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
U.S. Treasuries	$	114,418	$	495	$	5,009	$	109,904
Obligations of U.S. Government sponsored entities	472,286		6,449		22,277		456,458
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions	89,999		2		8,077		81,924
Mortgage-backed securities – residential, issued by
U.S. Government agencies	49,976		8		4,744		45,240
U.S. Government sponsored entities	819,303		2,422		100,895		720,830

U.S. corporate debt securities	2,500		0		206		2,294
Total available-for-sale debt securities	$	1,548,482	$	9,376	$	141,208	$	1,416,650


December 31, 2024	Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
U.S. Treasuries	$	86,049	$	0	$	11,361	$	74,688
Obligations of U.S. Government sponsored entities	226,413		$	0	33,806		192,607
Total held-to-maturity debt securities	$	312,462	$	0	$	45,167	$	267,295


December 31, 2023	Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
U.S. Treasuries	$	86,266	$	0	$	11,051	$	75,215
Obligations of U.S. Government sponsored entities	226,135		0		33,895		192,240
Total held-to-maturity debt securities	$	312,401	$	0	$	44,946	$	267,455


	Year ended December 31,
(In thousands)	2024		2023		2022
Proceeds from sales	$	39,952	$	440,488	$	160,638
Gross realized gains	50		0		0
Gross realized losses	0		(69,983)		(11,916)
Net gain (loss) on sales of available-for-sale debt securities	$	50	$	(69,983)	$	(11,916)

The Company's available-for-sale and held-to-maturity debt securities portfolios includes callable securities that may be called prior to maturity. The Company did not recognize any gains on called securities for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022. The Company also recognized net losses of $18,400, net gains of $10,000, and net losses of $125,000 on equity securities for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively, reflecting the change in fair value.

In 2023, the Company completed a balance sheet repositioning for general balance sheet, portfolio and interest rate risk management, by selling approximately $510.5 million of available-for-sale debt securities, which resulted in an pre-tax loss on the sale of approximately $70.0 million.

In the fourth quarter of 2022, the Company sold its Class B common shares of Visa Inc. for $11.4 million. The shares had no carrying value on the Company's Consolidated Statements of Condition, and the Company had no historical cost basis in the shares, thus the $11.4 million was realized as a pre-tax gain. The Company received the shares as part of its membership interest in Visa in March 2008.


December 31, 2024	Available-for-Sale Debt Securities
	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or Longer				Total
(In thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
U.S. Treasuries	$	0	$	0	$	57,019	$	3,784	$	57,019	$	3,784
Obligations of U.S. Government sponsored entities	14,085		515		188,296		19,861		202,381		20,376
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions	3,159		36		73,657		8,602		76,816		8,638
Mortgage-backed securities – residential, issued by
U.S. Government agencies	27,082		89		35,879		4,790		62,961		4,879
U.S. Government sponsored entities	32,063		502		523,353		101,194		555,416		101,696
U.S. corporate debt securities	0		0		2,447		53		2,447		53
Total available-for-sale debt securities	$	76,389	$	1,142	$	880,651	$	138,284	$	957,040	$	139,426


December 31, 2024	Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities
	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or Longer				Total
(In thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
U.S. Treasuries	$	0	$	0	$	74,688	$	11,361	$	74,688	$	11,361
Obligations of U.S. Government sponsored entities	0		0		192,607		33,806		192,607		33,806
Total held-to-maturity debt securities	$	0	$	0	$	267,295	$	45,167	$	267,295	$	45,167


December 31, 2023	Available-for-Sale Debt Securities
	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or Longer				Total
(In thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
U.S. Treasuries	$	0	$	0	$	65,663	$	5,009	$	65,663	$	5,009
Obligations of U.S. Government sponsored entities	14,453		110		220,913		22,167		235,366		22,277
Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions	10,572		106		69,601		7,971		80,173		8,077
Mortgage-backed securities – residential, issued by
U.S. Government agencies	1,145		4		43,764		4,740		44,909		4,744
U.S. Government sponsored entities	5,659		66		609,456		100,829		615,115		100,895
U.S. corporate debt securities	0		0		2,294		206		2,294		206
Total available-for-sale debt securities	$	31,829	$	286	$	1,011,691	$	140,922	$	1,043,520	$	141,208


December 31, 2023	Held-to-Maturity Debt Securities
	Less than 12 Months				12 Months or Longer				Total
(In thousands)	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
U.S. Treasuries	$	0	$	0	$	75,215	$	11,051	$	75,215	$	11,051
Obligations of U.S. Government sponsored entities	0		0		192,240		33,895		192,240		33,895
Total held-to-maturity debt securities	$	0	$	0	$	267,455	$	44,946	$	267,455	$	44,946

The Company evaluates available-for-sale debt securities for expected credit losses ("ECL") in unrealized loss positions at each measurement date to determine whether the decline in the fair value below the amortized cost basis is due to credit-related factors or noncredit-related factors.

For available-for-sale debt securities in an unrealized loss position, the Company evaluates the securities to determine whether the decline in the fair value below the amortized cost basis is the result of changes in interest rates or reflects a fundamental change in the credit worthiness of the underlying issuer. Any impairment that is not credit related is recognized in other comprehensive income (loss), net of applicable taxes. Credit-related impairment is recognized as an allowance for credit losses ("ACL") on the Statements of Condition, limited to the amount by which the amortized cost basis exceeds the fair value, with a corresponding adjustment to earnings. Both the ACL and the adjustment to net income may be reversed if conditions change.

Management measures expected credit losses on held-to-maturity debt securities on a collective basis by major security type with each type sharing similar risk characteristics and considers historical credit loss information that is adjusted for current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Management has made the accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest receivable on held-to-maturity debt securities from the estimate of credit losses. As of December 31, 2024, the held-to-maturity portfolio consisted of U.S. Treasury securities and securities issued by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises, including the Federal National Mortgage Agency and the Federal Farm Credit Banks Funding Corporation. U.S. Treasury securities are backed by the full faith and credit of and/or guaranteed by the U.S. government, and it is expected that the securities will not be settled at prices less than the amortized cost bases of the securities. Securities issued by U.S. government agencies or U.S. government-sponsored enterprises carry the explicit and/or implicit guarantee of the U.S. government, are widely recognized as "risk-free," and have a long history of zero credit loss. As such, the Company did not record an allowance for credit losses for these securities as of December 31, 2024.

The total gross unrealized losses, shown in the tables above, were primarily attributable to changes in interest rates and levels of market liquidity, relative to when the investment securities were purchased, and not due to the credit-related quality of the investment securities. The Company does not have the intent to sell these securities and does not believe it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell these securities before a recovery of amortized cost. The gross unrealized losses reported for available-for-sale residential mortgage-backed securities relate to investment securities issued by U.S. government sponsored entities such as Federal National Mortgage Association, FHLMC and U.S. government agencies such as Government National Mortgage Association. The gross unrealized losses for held-to-maturity debt securities are on US Treasuries and securities issued by U.S. government-sponsored enterprises, including the Federal National Mortgage Agency and the Federal Farm Credit Banks Funding Corporation.

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities by contractual maturity are shown in the following table. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Mortgage-backed securities are shown separately since they are not due at a single maturity date.


December 31, 2024
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Available-for-sale debt securities:
Due in one year or less	$	100,000	$	99,153
Due after one year through five years	227,502		215,976
Due after five years through ten years	212,789		199,457
Due after ten years	22,326		17,332
Total	562,617		531,918
Mortgage-backed securities	804,506		699,614
Total available-for-sale debt securities	$	1,367,123	$	1,231,532


December 31, 2023
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Available-for-sale debt securities:
Due in one year or less	$	99,242	$	98,650
Due after one year through five years	307,093		296,279
Due after five years through ten years	245,617		233,569
Due after ten years	27,251		22,082
Total	679,203		650,580
Mortgage-backed securities	869,279		766,070
Total available-for-sale debt securities	$	1,548,482	$	1,416,650


December 31, 2024
(In thousands)	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Held-to-maturity debt securities:

Due after one year through five years	$	117,283	$	102,173
Due after five years through ten years	195,179		165,122

Total held-to-maturity debt securities	$	312,462	$	267,295

The Company pledges securities as collateral for public deposits and other borrowings, and sells securities under agreements to repurchase. See "Note 8 - Federal Funds Purchased and Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase" for further discussion. Securities carried of $904.2 million and $1.0 billion, at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, were either pledged or sold under agreements to repurchase.

The Company has equity investments in small business investment companies ("SBIC") established for the purpose of providing financing to small businesses in market areas served by the Company. These investments totaled $671,000 and $485,000 at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and were included in other assets on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Condition. These investments are accounted for either under the cost method or the equity method of accounting. As of December 31, 2024, the Company reviewed these investments and determined that there was no impairment.

The Company also holds non-marketable Federal Home Loan Bank New York ("FHLBNY") stock and non-marketable Atlantic Community Bankers Bank ("ACBB") stock, all of which are required to be held for regulatory purposes and for borrowing availability. The required investment in FHLB stock is tied to the Company’s borrowing levels with the FHLB. Holdings of FHLBNY stock and ACBB stock totaled $42.2 million and $95,000 at December 31, 2024, respectively. These securities are carried at par, which is also cost. As of December 31, 2024, the FHLBNY continued to pay dividends and repurchase stock. As such, the Company has not recognized any impairment on its holdings of FHLBNY.