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Securities | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2024
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract] |
Securities | Securities The amortized cost, estimated fair value, and allowance for securities credit losses of debt securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are as follows (in thousands):
| Amortized Cost (1) |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Allowance for Securities Credit Losses
At March 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt securities available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government and agency obligations | $ | 65,818 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (6,166) |  |  | $ | 59,652 |  |  | $ | — |
Corporate debt securities | 11,831 |  |  | 17 |  |  | (1,178) |  |  | 10,670 |  |  | — |
Asset-backed securities | 289,632 |  |  | 113 |  |  | (1,619) |  |  | 288,126 |  |  | — |
Mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency residential | 291,759 |  |  | 1,460 |  |  | (12) |  |  | 293,207 |  |  | — |
Agency commercial | 109,352 |  |  | — |  |  | (16,063) |  |  | 93,289 |  |  | — |
Total mortgage-backed securities | 401,111 |  |  | 1,460 |  |  | (16,075) |  |  | 386,496 |  |  | — |
Total debt securities available-for-sale | $ | 768,392 |  |  | $ | 1,590 |  |  | $ | (25,038) |  |  | $ | 744,944 |  |  | $ | — |
Debt securities held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State and municipal debt obligations | $ | 213,231 |  |  | $ | 188 |  |  | $ | (15,535) |  |  | $ | 197,884 |  |  | $ | (36) |
Corporate debt securities | 66,583 |  |  | 192 |  |  | (3,543) |  |  | 63,232 |  |  | (916) |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency residential | 747,094 |  |  | 178 |  |  | (75,407) |  |  | 671,865 |  |  | — |
Agency commercial | 82,208 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (4,312) |  |  | 77,898 |  |  | — |
Non-agency commercial | 20,608 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,522) |  |  | 19,086 |  |  | (106) |
Total mortgage-backed securities | 849,910 |  |  | 180 |  |  | (81,241) |  |  | 768,849 |  |  | (106) |
Total debt securities held-to-maturity | $ | 1,129,724 |  |  | $ | 560 |  |  | $ | (100,319) |  |  | $ | 1,029,965 |  |  | $ | (1,058) |
Total debt securities | $ | 1,898,116 |  |  | $ | 2,150 |  |  | $ | (125,357) |  |  | $ | 1,774,909 |  |  | $ | (1,058) |
At December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt securities available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government and agency obligations | $ | 66,490 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (5,796) |  |  | $ | 60,694 |  |  | $ | — |
Corporate debt securities | 10,096 |  |  | 11 |  |  | (981) |  |  | 9,126 |  |  | — |
Asset-backed securities | 295,796 |  |  | — |  |  | (4,252) |  |  | 291,544 |  |  | — |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency residential | 298,107 |  |  | 183 |  |  | (97) |  |  | 298,193 |  |  | — |
Agency commercial | 109,590 |  |  | — |  |  | (15,255) |  |  | 94,335 |  |  | — |
Total mortgage-backed securities | 407,697 |  |  | 183 |  |  | (15,352) |  |  | 392,528 |  |  | — |
Total debt securities available-for-sale | $ | 780,079 |  |  | $ | 194 |  |  | $ | (26,381) |  |  | $ | 753,892 |  |  | $ | — |
Debt securities held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State, municipal, and sovereign debt obligations | $ | 222,009 |  |  | $ | 251 |  |  | $ | (14,550) |  |  | $ | 207,710 |  |  | $ | (39) |
Corporate debt securities | 69,809 |  |  | 391 |  |  | (3,941) |  |  | 66,259 |  |  | (987) |
Mortgage-backed securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency residential | 765,632 |  |  | 901 |  |  | (70,040) |  |  | 696,493 |  |  | — |
Agency commercial | 82,734 |  |  | 10 |  |  | (3,678) |  |  | 79,066 |  |  | — |
Non-agency commercial | 20,684 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,774) |  |  | 18,910 |  |  | (107) |
Total mortgage-backed securities | 869,050 |  |  | 911 |  |  | (75,492) |  |  | 794,469 |  |  | (107) |
Total debt securities held-to-maturity | $ | 1,160,868 |  |  | $ | 1,553 |  |  | $ | (93,983) |  |  | $ | 1,068,438 |  |  | $ | (1,133) |
Total debt securities | $ | 1,940,947 |  |  | $ | 1,747 |  |  | $ | (120,364) |  |  | $ | 1,822,330 |  |  | $ | (1,133) |
The following table presents the activity in the allowance for credit losses for debt securities held-to-maturity for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Allowance for securities credit losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | (1,133) |  |  | $ | (1,128) |  |  |  |  |
Benefit for credit losses | 75 |  |  | 85 |  |  |  |  |
Total ending allowance balance | $ | (1,058) |  |  | $ | (1,043) |  |  |  |  |
The Company monitors the credit quality of debt securities held-to-maturity on a quarterly basis through the use of internal credit analysis supplemented by external credit ratings. Credit ratings of BBB- or Baa3 or higher are considered investment grade. Where multiple ratings are available, the Company considers the lowest rating when determining the allowance for securities credit losses. Under this approach, the amortized cost of debt securities held-to-maturity at March 31, 2024, aggregated by credit quality indicator, are as follows (in thousands):
| Investment Grade |  | Non-Investment Grade/Non-rated |  | Total
As of March 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |
State and municipal debt obligations | $ | 213,231 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 213,231 |
Corporate debt securities | 53,047 |  |  | 13,536 |  |  | 66,583 |
Non-agency commercial MBS | 20,608 |  |  | — |  |  | 20,608 |
Total debt securities held-to-maturity | $ | 286,886 |  |  | $ | 13,536 |  |  | $ | 300,422 |
There were $110,000 and $697,000 of realized losses on sale of debt securities available-for-sale for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. These realized gains/losses on debt securities are presented within Other under Total other income of the Consolidated Statements of Income. The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities at March 31, 2024 by contractual maturity are shown below (in thousands):
March 31, 2024 | Amortized Cost |  | Estimated Fair Value
Less than one year | $ | 32,582 |  |  | $ | 32,182 |
Due after one year through five years | 194,788 |  |  | 180,665 |
Due after five years through ten years | 194,267 |  |  | 189,112 |
Due after ten years | 225,458 |  |  | 217,605 |
| $ | 647,095 |  |  | $ | 619,564 |
Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities in instances where issuers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. At March 31, 2024, corporate debt securities, state and municipal obligations, and asset-backed securities with an amortized cost of $77.4 million, $60.8 million, and $289.6 million, respectively, and an estimated fair value of $72.9 million, $59.0 million, and $288.1 million, respectively, were callable prior to the maturity date. Mortgage-backed securities are excluded from the above table since their effective lives are expected to be shorter than the contractual maturity date due to principal prepayments. The estimated fair value and unrealized losses for debt securities available-for-sale and held-to-maturity at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, segregated by the duration of the unrealized losses, are as follows (in thousands):
| Less than 12 months |  | 12 months or longer |  | Total
| Estimated Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
At March 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt securities available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government and agency obligations | $ | 5,383 |  |  | $ | (14) |  |  | $ | 54,269 |  |  | $ | (6,152) |  |  | $ | 59,652 |  |  | $ | (6,166) |
Corporate debt securities | 1,432 |  |  | (25) |  |  | 7,496 |  |  | (1,153) |  |  | 8,928 |  |  | (1,178) |
Asset-backed securities | 9,291 |  |  | (9) |  |  | 216,864 |  |  | (1,610) |  |  | 226,155 |  |  | (1,619) |
MBS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency residential | 23,921 |  |  | (12) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23,921 |  |  | (12) |
Agency commercial | — |  |  | — |  |  | 93,289 |  |  | (16,063) |  |  | 93,289 |  |  | (16,063) |
Total MBS | 23,921 |  |  | (12) |  |  | 93,289 |  |  | (16,063) |  |  | 117,210 |  |  | (16,075) |
Total debt securities available-for-sale | 40,027 |  |  | (60) |  |  | 371,918 |  |  | (24,978) |  |  | 411,945 |  |  | (25,038) |
Debt securities held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State and municipal debt obligations | 2,675 |  |  | (30) |  |  | 185,307 |  |  | (15,505) |  |  | 187,982 |  |  | (15,535) |
Corporate debt securities | 2,996 |  |  | (568) |  |  | 57,739 |  |  | (2,975) |  |  | 60,735 |  |  | (3,543) |
MBS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency residential | 104,295 |  |  | (1,702) |  |  | 530,150 |  |  | (73,705) |  |  | 634,445 |  |  | (75,407) |
Agency commercial | 19,736 |  |  | (440) |  |  | 57,153 |  |  | (3,872) |  |  | 76,889 |  |  | (4,312) |
Non-agency commercial | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19,086 |  |  | (1,522) |  |  | 19,086 |  |  | (1,522) |
Total MBS | 124,031 |  |  | (2,142) |  |  | 606,389 |  |  | (79,099) |  |  | 730,420 |  |  | (81,241) |
Total debt securities held-to-maturity | 129,702 |  |  | (2,740) |  |  | 849,435 |  |  | (97,579) |  |  | 979,137 |  |  | (100,319) |
Total debt securities | $ | 169,729 |  |  | $ | (2,800) |  |  | $ | 1,221,353 |  |  | $ | (122,557) |  |  | $ | 1,391,082 |  |  | $ | (125,357) |
At December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt securities available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government and agency obligations | $ | 833 |  |  | $ | (2) |  |  | $ | 59,861 |  |  | $ | (5,794) |  |  | $ | 60,694 |  |  | $ | (5,796) |
Corporate debt securities | 1,543 |  |  | (165) |  |  | 6,116 |  |  | (816) |  |  | 7,659 |  |  | (981) |
Asset-backed securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 291,544 |  |  | (4,252) |  |  | 291,544 |  |  | (4,252) |
MBS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency residential | 169,000 |  |  | (97) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 169,000 |  |  | (97) |
Agency commercial | — |  |  | — |  |  | 94,335 |  |  | (15,255) |  |  | 94,335 |  |  | (15,255) |
Total MBS | 169,000 |  |  | (97) |  |  | 94,335 |  |  | (15,255) |  |  | 263,335 |  |  | (15,352) |
Total debt securities available-for-sale | 171,376 |  |  | (264) |  |  | 451,856 |  |  | (26,117) |  |  | 623,232 |  |  | (26,381) |
Debt securities held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
State and municipal debt obligations | 6,671 |  |  | (23) |  |  | 191,511 |  |  | (14,527) |  |  | 198,182 |  |  | (14,550) |
Corporate debt securities | 3,084 |  |  | (473) |  |  | 58,386 |  |  | (3,468) |  |  | 61,470 |  |  | (3,941) |
MBS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Agency residential | 95,776 |  |  | (693) |  |  | 525,751 |  |  | (69,347) |  |  | 621,527 |  |  | (70,040) |
Agency commercial | 18,902 |  |  | (370) |  |  | 55,051 |  |  | (3,308) |  |  | 73,953 |  |  | (3,678) |
Non-agency commercial | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,910 |  |  | (1,774) |  |  | 18,910 |  |  | (1,774) |
Total MBS | 114,678 |  |  | (1,063) |  |  | 599,712 |  |  | (74,429) |  |  | 714,390 |  |  | (75,492) |
Total debt securities held-to-maturity | 124,433 |  |  | (1,559) |  |  | 849,609 |  |  | (92,424) |  |  | 974,042 |  |  | (93,983) |
Total debt securities | $ | 295,809 |  |  | $ | (1,823) |  |  | $ | 1,301,465 |  |  | $ | (118,541) |  |  | $ | 1,597,274 |  |  | $ | (120,364) |
The Company concluded that debt securities were not impaired at March 31, 2024 based on consideration of several factors. The Company noted that each issuer made all contractually due payments when required. There were no defaults on principal or interest payments, and no interest payments were deferred. Based on management’s analysis of each individual security, the issuers appear to have the ability to meet debt service requirements over the life of the security. Furthermore, the net unrealized losses were primarily due to changes in the general credit and interest rate environment and not credit quality. Additionally, the Company has not utilized securities sales as a source of liquidity and the Company’s liquidity plans include adequate sources of liquidity outside securities sales. Equity Investments At March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the Company held equity investments of $103.2 million and $100.2 million, respectively. The equity investments are primarily comprised of select financial services institutions’ preferred stocks, investments in other financial institutions and funds. The realized and unrealized gains or losses on equity securities for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 are shown in the table below (in thousands):
| Three Months Ended March 31, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  |
Net gain (loss) on equity investments | $ | 1,923 |  |  | $ | (6,801) |  |  |  |  |
Less: Net losses recognized on equity investments sold | — |  |  | (4,608) |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized gains (losses) recognized on equity investments still held | $ | 1,923 |  |  | $ | (2,193) |  |  |  |  |

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