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Loans Receivable, Net
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Receivables [Abstract]  
Loans Receivable, Net Loans Receivable, Net
Loans receivable, net at December 31, 2024 and 2023 consisted of the following (in thousands):
 December 31,
 20242023
Commercial:
Commercial real estate - investor$5,287,683 $5,353,974 
Commercial real estate - owner occupied902,219 943,891 
Commercial and industrial647,945 666,532 
Total commercial6,837,847 6,964,397 
Consumer:
Residential real estate3,049,763 2,979,534 
Home equity loans and lines and other consumer (“other consumer”)230,462 250,664 
Total consumer3,280,225 3,230,198 
Total loans receivable10,118,072 10,194,595 
Deferred origination costs, net of fees10,964 9,263 
Allowance for loan credit losses(73,607)(67,137)
Total loans receivable, net$10,055,429 $10,136,721 
The Company categorizes all loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt, such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company evaluates risk ratings on an ongoing basis. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings:
    Pass: Loans classified as Pass are well protected by the paying capacity and net worth of the borrower.
    Special Mention: Loans classified as Special Mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the Bank’s credit position at some future date.
    Substandard: Loans classified as Substandard are inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the collection or the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
    Doubtful: Loans classified as Doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as Substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.
The following tables summarize total loans by year of origination, internally assigned credit grades, and risk characteristics (in thousands):
202420232022202120202019 and priorRevolving lines of creditTotal
December 31, 2024
Commercial real estate - investor
Pass$75,225 $140,863 $1,142,790 $1,290,047 $510,906 $1,264,536 $750,607 $5,174,974 
Special Mention15 — 21,285 — — 18,225 4,477 44,002 
Substandard95 3,784 — 6,111 44,636 14,073 68,707 
Total commercial real estate - investor75,335 140,871 1,167,859 1,290,047 517,017 1,327,397 769,157 5,287,683 
Commercial real estate - owner occupied
Pass82,104 62,799 140,578 90,720 40,746 442,685 31,776 891,408 
Special Mention— — — — — 2,918 — 2,918 
Substandard— — — — 256 7,503 134 7,893 
Total commercial real estate - owner occupied82,104 62,799 140,578 90,720 41,002 453,106 31,910 902,219 
Commercial and industrial
Pass81,867 30,084 35,469 14,276 3,873 180,695 278,217 624,481 
Special Mention— 4,735 — — 235 16 96 5,082 
Substandard— 4,326 1,019 749 — 256 12,032 18,382 
Total commercial and industrial81,867 39,145 36,488 15,025 4,108 180,967 290,345 647,945 
Residential real estate (1)
Pass277,009 270,225 547,093 796,790 366,649 783,204 — 3,040,970 
Special Mention— 92 224 449 — 1,476 — 2,241 
Substandard215 415 1,583 445 — 3,894 — 6,552 
Total residential real estate277,224 270,732 548,900 797,684 366,649 788,574 — 3,049,763 
Other consumer (1)
Pass27,316 27,596 17,029 16,511 10,694 107,045 21,991 228,182 
Special Mention— — — 62 — 219 — 281 
Substandard— 97 18 343 — 1,541 — 1,999 
Total other consumer27,316 27,693 17,047 16,916 10,694 108,805 21,991 230,462 
Total loans$543,846 $541,240 $1,910,872 $2,210,392 $939,470 $2,858,849 $1,113,403 $10,118,072 
(1)For residential real estate and other consumer loans, the Company evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan and by payment activity.
202320222021202020192018 and priorRevolving lines of creditTotal
December 31, 2023
Commercial real estate - investor
Pass$137,028 $1,165,955 $1,328,012 $529,745 $490,438 $930,337 $679,804 $5,261,319 
Special Mention— — 2,413 790 1,446 22,147 — 26,796 
Substandard— — 648 3,750 13,275 48,186 — 65,859 
Total commercial real estate - investor137,028 1,165,955 1,331,073 534,285 505,159 1,000,670 679,804 5,353,974 
Commercial real estate - owner occupied
Pass66,642 120,280 103,104 59,179 102,703 441,713 21,052 914,673 
Special Mention— — — — 1,272 8,314 — 9,586 
Substandard— — — — 2,019 16,900 713 19,632 
Total commercial real estate - owner occupied66,642 120,280 103,104 59,179 105,994 466,927 21,765 943,891 
Commercial and industrial
Pass112,914 64,770 19,473 8,645 7,778 51,082 383,013 647,675 
Special Mention— — — — — 184 2,859 3,043 
Substandard— 622 117 — 145 1,385 13,545 15,814 
Total commercial and industrial112,914 65,392 19,590 8,645 7,923 52,651 399,417 666,532 
Residential real estate (1)
Pass283,296 916,153 564,515 388,392 223,247 600,118 — 2,975,721 
Special Mention— — — — 131 271 — 402 
Substandard323 366 — 258 487 1,977 — 3,411 
Total residential real estate283,619 916,519 564,515 388,650 223,865 602,366 — 2,979,534 
Other consumer (1)
Pass32,859 19,918 20,737 12,675 12,937 118,486 30,658 248,270 
Special Mention— 172 — — — 386 — 558 
Substandard— — — — 1,698 132 1,836 
Total other consumer32,859 20,090 20,737 12,675 12,943 120,570 30,790 250,664 
Total loans$633,062 $2,288,236 $2,039,019 $1,003,434 $855,884 $2,243,184 $1,131,776 $10,194,595 
(1)For residential real estate and other consumer loans, the Company evaluates credit quality based on the aging status of the loan and by payment activity.
An analysis of the allowance for credit losses on loans for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 was as follows (in thousands):
Commercial Real Estate - InvestorCommercial Real Estate - Owner OccupiedCommercial
and
Industrial
Residential
Real Estate
Other ConsumerTotal
For the Year Ended December 31, 2024
Allowance for credit losses on loans
Balance at beginning of year$27,899 $4,354 $6,867 $27,029 $988 $67,137 
 Initial allowance on acquired loans from Spring Garden2,547 — — — — 2,547 
Provision (benefit) for credit losses1,774 (569)3,586 428 259 5,478 
Charge-offs(1,659)— — (76)(485)(2,220)
Recoveries219 32 18 206 190 665 
Balance at end of year$30,780 $3,817 $10,471 $27,587 $952 $73,607 
For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
Allowance for credit losses on loans
Balance at beginning of year$21,070 $4,423 $5,695 $24,530 $1,106 $56,824 
Provision (benefit) for credit losses15,173 (77)1,276 2,456 (133)18,695 
Charge-offs (8,350)(6)(129)— (208)(8,693)
Recoveries14 25 43 223 311 
Balance at end of year$27,899 $4,354 $6,867 $27,029 $988 $67,137 

The following tables summarize gross charge-offs by vintage (in thousands):
2023202220212019 and priorTotal
For the Year Ended December 31, 2024
Commercial real estate – investor (1)
$— $(13)$(46)$(1,600)$(1,659)
Residential real estate(33)(41)— (2)(76)
Other consumer— — — (485)(485)
Total charge-offs$(33)$(54)$(46)$(2,087)$(2,220)
20192018 and priorTotal
For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
Commercial real estate – investor (1)
$(8,350)$— $(8,350)
Commercial real estate – owner occupied— (6)(6)
Commercial and industrial— (129)(129)
Other consumer— (208)(208)
Total charge-offs$(8,350)$(343)$(8,693)
(1) Gross charge-offs of $1.7 million and $8.4 million primarily related to a single commercial relationship which had partial charge-offs during the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. This was resolved via sale of collateral during 2024.
A loan is considered collateral dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral and, therefore, is classified as non-accruing. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had collateral dependent loans with an amortized cost balance as follows: commercial real estate - investor of $11.8 million and $15.2 million, respectively, commercial real estate - owner occupied of $4.8 million and $352,000, respectively, and commercial and industrial of $32,000 and $304,000, respectively. In addition, the Company had collateral dependent residential and consumer loans with an amortized cost balance of $8.6 million and $2.6 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. 
The following table presents the recorded investment in non-accrual loans, by loan portfolio segment as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):
 December 31,
 20242023
Commercial real estate – investor (1) (2)
$17,000 $20,820 
Commercial real estate – owner occupied4,787 351 
Commercial and industrial32 304 
Residential real estate10,644 5,542 
Other consumer3,064 2,531 
$35,527 $29,548 
(1) December 31, 2024 includes the addition of $4.8 million non-accrual loans related to the acquisition of Spring Garden.
(2) December 31, 2023 includes the exposure of $8.4 million of the single commercial real estate relationship resolved during 2024.
At December 31, 2024 and 2023, non-accrual loans were included in the allowance for credit loss calculation and the Company did not recognize or accrue interest income on these loans. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no loans that were past due 90 days or greater and still accruing interest.
The following table presents the aging of the recorded investment in past due loans as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 by loan portfolio segment (in thousands):
30-59
Days
Past Due
60-89
Days
Past Due
90 Days or Greater
Past Due
Total
Past Due
Loans Not
Past Due
Total
December 31, 2024
Commercial real estate – investor (1)
$4,624 $8,880 $10,877 $24,381 $5,263,302 $5,287,683 
Commercial real estate – owner occupied941 — 1,392 2,333 899,886 902,219 
Commercial and industrial— 16 19 647,926 647,945 
Residential real estate18,518 2,242 6,551 27,311 3,022,452 3,049,763 
Other consumer1,060 282 1,999 3,341 227,121 230,462 
$25,146 $11,404 $20,835 $57,385 $10,060,687 $10,118,072 
December 31, 2023
Commercial real estate – investor (2)
$978 $684 $15,201 $16,863 $5,337,111 $5,353,974 
Commercial real estate – owner occupied335 352 293 980 942,911 943,891 
Commercial and industrial163 — 145 308 666,224 666,532 
Residential real estate14,858 402 3,411 18,671 2,960,863 2,979,534 
Other consumer872 558 1,836 3,266 247,398 250,664 
$17,206 $1,996 $20,886 $40,088 $10,154,507 $10,194,595 
(1) December 31, 2024 includes the addition of $7.4 million past due loans related to the acquisition of Spring Garden.
(2) December 31, 2023 includes the exposure of $8.4 million of the single commercial real estate relationship resolved during 2024.

Loan Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
The Company adopted ASU 2022-02 on January 1, 2023. Since adoption, the Company has modified and may modify in the future certain loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. These modifications may include a reduction in interest rate, an extension in term, principal forgiveness and/or other than insignificant payment delay. Upon the Company’s determination that a modified loan (or portion of a loan) has subsequently been deemed uncollectible, the loan (or a portion of the loan) is charged off. Therefore, the amortized cost basis of the loan is reduced by the uncollectible amount, and the allowance for credit losses is subsequently adjusted by an amount equal to the total loss rate as applied to the reduced amortized cost basis. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, loans with modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty totaled $30.9 million and $8.9 million, respectively. There were no outstanding commitments to lend additional funds to such borrowers with loan modifications as of December 31, 2024 or December 31, 2023.
The following table presents loans modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):
Term ExtensionInterest Rate ReductionCombination of Term Extension and Interest Rate ReductionOther Than Insignificant Payment DelayCombination of Term Extension, Interest Rate Reduction and Other Than Insignificant Payment DelayTotal% of Total by Loan Portfolio Segment
For the Year Ended December 31, 2024
Commercial real estate – investor$— $4,858 $7,000 $5,685 $1,604 $19,147 0.36 %
Commercial real estate – owner occupied— — — 2,822 — 2,822 0.31 
Residential real estate128 — — — — 128 — 
Other consumer— — 146 — — 146 0.06 
$128 $4,858 $7,146 $8,507 $1,604 $22,243 0.22 %
For the Year Ended December 31, 2023
Commercial real estate – investor$— $— $7,759 $— $— $7,759 0.14 %
Residential real estate715 — — — — 715 0.02 
Other consumer275 — 196 — — 471 0.19 
$990 $— $7,955 $— $— $8,945 0.09 %
The modifications during the periods presented had an insignificant financial effect on the Company.
The Company closely monitors the performance of the loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following table provides the performance of loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty during the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 and since adoption of the standard for December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
Current60 - 89 Days Past Due90 Days or Greater Past DueTotal
December 31, 2024
Commercial real estate – investor$19,147 $— $— $19,147 
Commercial real estate – owner occupied2,822 — — 2,822 
Residential real estate— — 128 
(1)
128 
Other consumer— — 146 
(1)
146 
$21,969 $— $274 $22,243 
December 31, 2023
Commercial real estate – investor$7,759 $— $— $7,759 
Residential real estate419 156 140 
(2)
715 
Other consumer471 — — 471 
$8,649 $156 $140 $8,945 
(1) Represents one residential loan and one other consumer loan that defaulted during the year ended December 31, 2024, which had been modified within the last 12 months.
(2) Represents one residential loan that defaulted during the year ended December 31, 2023, which had been modified since the adoption of the standard.