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Income Taxes
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

Note 15. Income Taxes

The Company’s (loss) income before income taxes expense (benefit) from its United States and foreign operations are as follows:

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

(in millions)

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

 

2022

 

United States

 

$

9.2

 

 

$

(3.0

)

 

$

158.2

 

Foreign

 

 

(1.7

)

 

 

0.1

 

 

 

(0.2

)

Total

 

$

7.5

 

 

$

(2.9

)

 

$

158.0

 

 

The Company’s current and deferred income tax provision (benefit) were as follows:

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

(in millions)

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

 

2022

 

Current

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal

 

$

3.3

 

 

$

2.4

 

 

$

20.8

 

State and local

 

 

0.1

 

 

 

1.6

 

 

 

6.1

 

Foreign

 

 

0.1

 

 

 

—

 

 

 

—

 

 

 

3.5

 

 

 

4.0

 

 

 

26.9

 

Deferred

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal

 

 

0.8

 

 

 

1.8

 

 

 

0.2

 

State and local

 

 

0.9

 

 

 

(0.5

)

 

 

0.2

 

Foreign

 

 

0.1

 

 

 

—

 

 

 

(0.1

)

 

 

1.8

 

 

 

1.3

 

 

 

0.3

 

Total provision for income taxes

 

$

5.3

 

 

$

5.3

 

 

$

27.2

 

The differences between income taxes expected at U.S. statutory income tax rates and the income tax provision (benefit) are set forth below:

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

(in millions)

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

 

2022

 

Income (loss) before income taxes

 

$

7.5

 

 

$

(2.9

)

 

$

158.0

 

U.S. statutory tax rate

 

 

21.0

%

 

 

21.0

%

 

 

21.0

%

Taxes at the U.S. statutory rate

 

 

1.6

 

 

 

(0.6

)

 

 

33.2

 

Tax effected differences

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

State and local taxes, net of federal benefit

 

 

0.5

 

 

 

0.8

 

 

 

7.3

 

Share-based payments

 

 

4.6

 

 

 

0.3

 

 

 

0.6

 

Nondeductible goodwill impairment

 

 

—

 

 

 

—

 

 

 

1.1

 

Change in valuation allowance

 

 

(2.4

)

 

 

3.7

 

 

 

(16.5

)

Return to provision adjustments

 

 

0.9

 

 

 

0.3

 

 

 

0.1

 

Change in tax rates

 

 

(0.6

)

 

 

0.5

 

 

 

0.3

 

Nondeductible expenses

 

 

0.7

 

 

 

0.4

 

 

 

1.1

 

Other, net

 

 

—

 

 

 

(0.1

)

 

 

—

 

Total provision for income taxes

 

$

5.3

 

 

$

5.3

 

 

$

27.2

 

The fluctuations of the Company’s income tax benefits and effective tax rates between the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, are primarily attributable to certain nondeductible expenses recorded by the Company (e.g., portion of the goodwill impairment charges that is nondeductible for tax purposes recorded during the year ended December 31, 2022). Additionally, changes in the relative mix of the Company’s operations in and among various U.S. state and local jurisdictions impact the Company’s state and local income tax benefit. Due to a lack of available sources of future taxable income, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance against its net balance of deferred tax assets.

The income tax effects of temporary differences between the book value and tax basis of assets and liabilities are as follows:

 

 

December 31,

 

(in millions)

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

Deferred tax assets

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net operating loss carryforwards

 

$

0.6

 

 

$

1.0

 

Deferred compensation

 

 

0.3

 

 

 

0.6

 

Stock-based compensation

 

 

5.7

 

 

 

9.6

 

Fixed asset depreciation

 

 

1.5

 

 

 

0.2

 

Lease liabilities

 

 

2.4

 

 

 

3.2

 

Accrued expenses

 

 

0.2

 

 

 

0.2

 

Goodwill and intangible assets

 

 

—

 

 

 

8.6

 

Section 163(j) interest carryover

 

 

14.9

 

 

 

6.7

 

Other assets

 

 

0.9

 

 

 

0.6

 

Total deferred tax assets

 

 

26.5

 

 

 

30.7

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Deferred tax liabilities

 

 

 

 

 

 

Right-of-use lease assets

 

 

(1.6

)

 

 

(2.1

)

Goodwill and intangible assets

 

 

(0.5

)

 

 

—

 

Total deferred tax liabilities

 

 

(2.1

)

 

 

(2.1

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Valuation allowance

 

 

(29.3

)

 

 

(31.7

)

Deferred tax liabilities, net

 

$

(4.9

)

 

$

(3.1

)

In assessing the realization of the deferred tax assets, the Company considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Given the Company’s current earnings and anticipated future earnings, management believes that there is a realistic possibility that within the next twelve months, sufficient positive evidence may become available to allow management to reach a conclusion that a significant portion of the Company’s valuation allowance will no longer be needed. However, the Company’s judgment regarding anticipated future earnings and the exact timing and amount of any valuation allowance release are subject to change due to many factors, including future market conditions and the ability to successfully execute its business plans. Release of the valuation allowance would result in the recognition of certain deferred tax assets and a decrease in the provision for income taxes for the period the release is recorded. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which temporary differences representing net future deductible amounts become deductible. Due to lack of available sources of taxable income, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets as sufficient uncertainty exists regarding the future realization of these assets. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company recorded a valuation allowance of $29.3 million and $31.7 million, respectively. The decrease in the valuation allowance was due to book-to-tax differences related to goodwill and intangible assets and stock-based compensation, which were offset by Section 163(j) interest carryover.

As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had zero U.S. federal net operating loss carryforwards. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had U.S. state net operating loss carryforwards of $6.3 million and $16.0 million, respectively. The U.S. state net operating loss carryforward begins to expire in 2026. The Company does not have any income tax credit carryforwards.

The following table summarizes the changes to the gross unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022:

 

 

December 31,

 

(in millions)

 

2024

 

 

2023

 

 

2022

 

Gross unrecognized tax benefits, beginning of period

 

$

—

 

 

$

—

 

 

$

—

 

Decreases related to prior year tax positions

 

 

—

 

 

 

—

 

 

 

—

 

Increases related to current year tax positions

 

 

1.5

 

 

 

—

 

 

 

—

 

Gross unrecognized tax benefits, end of period

 

$

1.5

 

 

$

—

 

 

$

—

 

 

For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, interest and penalties were not significant. The Company records interest and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits within the provision for income taxes in the consolidated statements of (loss) income and comprehensive (loss) income.

As of December 31, 2024, the Company has $1.5 million of unrecognized tax benefits, which is included within other noncurrent liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. The $1.5 million of unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2024 would impact the effective income tax rate if recognized. The Company does not expect unrecognized tax benefits to change significantly over the next 12 months.

The Company is subject to U.S. federal income tax and various state and local taxes in numerous jurisdictions. The Company’s federal tax returns for 2021 through 2024 years remain open for examination by the IRS. In most cases, the Company’s state tax returns for 2021 through 2024 remain open and are subject to income tax examinations by state taxing authorities.