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Loans
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Loans [Abstract]  
Loans
5.  Loans
 
Classes of loans, net of deferred loan origination costs, are summarized as follows:

 
(in thousands)
 
December 31
2011
  
December 31
2010
 
Commercial construction
 $120,577  $135,091 
Commercial secured by real estate
  798,887   807,049 
Equipment lease financing
  9,706   14,151 
Commercial other
  374,597   388,746 
Real estate construction
  53,534   56,910 
Real estate mortgage
  650,075   623,851 
Home equity
  84,841   85,103 
Consumer direct
  123,949   126,046 
Consumer indirect
  340,382   368,233 
Total loans
 $2,556,548  $2,605,180 
 
CTBI has segregated and evaluates its loan portfolio through nine portfolio classes. The nine classes are commercial construction, commercial secured by real estate, equipment lease financing, commercial other, real estate construction, real estate mortgage, home equity, consumer direct, and consumer indirect.  CTBI serves customers in small and mid-sized communities in eastern, northeastern, central, and south central Kentucky, southern West Virginia, and northeastern Tennessee.  Therefore, CTBI's exposure to credit risk is significantly affected by changes in these communities.
 
Commercial construction loans are for the purpose of erecting or rehabilitating buildings or other structures for commercial purposes, including any infrastructure necessary for development.   Included in this category are improved property, land development, and tract development loans.  The terms of these loans are generally short-term with permanent financing upon completion.
 
Commercial real estate loans include loans secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties, 1-4 family/ multi-family properties, farmland, and other commercial real estate.  These loans are originated based on the borrower's ability to service the debt and secondarily based on the fair value of the underlying collateral.
 
Equipment lease financing loans are fixed, variable, and tax exempt leases for commercial purposes.
 
Commercial other loans consist of commercial check loans, agricultural loans, receivable financing, floorplans, loans to financial institutions, loans for purchasing or carrying securities, and other commercial purpose loans.  Commercial loans are underwritten based on the borrower's ability to service debt from the business's underlying cash flows.  As a general practice, we obtain collateral such as real estate, equipment, or other assets, although such loans may be uncollateralized but guaranteed.
 
Real estate construction loans are typically for owner-occupied properties.  The terms of these loans are generally short-term with permanent financing upon completion.
 
Residential real estate loans are a mixture of fixed rate and adjustable rate first and second lien residential mortgage loans.  As a policy, CTBI holds adjustable rate loans and sells the majority of its fixed rate first lien mortgage loans into the secondary market.  Changes in interest rates or market conditions may impact a borrower's ability to meet contractual principal and interest payments.  Residential real estate loans are secured by real property.
 
Home equity lines are revolving adjustable rate credit lines secured by real property.
 
Consumer direct loans are fixed rate products comprised of unsecured loans, consumer revolving credit lines, deposit secured loans, and all other consumer purpose loans.
 
Consumer indirect loans are fixed rate loans secured by automobiles, trucks, vans, and recreational vehicles originated at the selling dealership underwritten and purchased by CTBI's indirect lending department.  Both new and used products are financed.  Only dealers who have executed dealer agreements with CTBI participate in the indirect lending program.
 
Not included in the loan balances above were loans held for sale in the amount of $0.5 million at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.  The amount of capitalized fees and costs under ASC 310-20, included in the above loan totals were $0.7 million and $0.8 million at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
CTBI acquired loans through the acquisition of First National Bank of LaFollette in the fourth quarter 2010.  At acquisition, the transferred loans with evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination were not significant; therefore, none of the loans acquired were accounted for under the guidance in ASC 310-30.
 
Credit discounts representing principal losses expected over the life of the loans are a component of the initial fair value for purchased loans acquired that are not deemed impaired at acquisition.  Accordingly, an allowance for credit losses related to these loans is not carried over and recorded at the acquisition date.  Subsequent to the acquisition date, the methods used to estimate the required allowance for credit losses for these loans is similar to originated loans; however, CTBI records a provision for loan losses only when the required allowance exceeds any remaining credit discounts.  The remaining difference between the purchase price and the unpaid principal balance at the date of acquisition is recorded in interest income over the life of the loans.  Management estimated the cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition using a third party that incorporated estimates of current key assumptions, such as default rates, severity, and prepayment speeds.  The carrying amounts of those loans included in the balance sheet are $88.5 million and $115.7 million at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
Changes in accretable yield for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 are as follows:

 (in thousands)
 
2011
  
2010
 
Beginning balance
 $2,995  $0 
Additions
  0   3,152 
Accretion
  (1,067)  (126)
Disposals
  (1,208)  (31)
Ending balance
 $720  $2,995 
 
The amount of loans on a non-accruing income status was $25.8 million, $45.0 million, and $32.2 million at December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively.  The total of loans on non-accrual that were in homogeneous pools and not evaluated individually for impairment were $5.0 million, $7.6 million, and $5.6 million at December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively.  Any loan greater than 90 days past due must be well secured and in the process of collection to continue accruing interest.  The amount of loans 90 days or more past due and still accruing interest was $11.5 million, $17.0 million, and $9.1 million at December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively.  Refer to note 1 to the consolidated financial statements for further information regarding our nonaccrual policy.  Nonaccrual loans segregated by class of loans were as follows:

 (in thousands)
 
December 31
2011
  
December 31
2010
 
Commercial:
      
Commercial construction
 $7,029  $13,138 
Commercial secured by real estate
  9,810   15,608 
Commercial other
  3,914   9,338 
          
Residential:
        
Real estate construction
  607   636 
Real estate mortgage
  4,204   6,137 
Home equity
  189   164 
Total nonaccrual loans
 $25,753  $45,021 

The following tables present CTBI's loan portfolio aging analysis, segregated by class, as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:

   
December 31, 2011
 
(in thousands)
 
30-59 Days Past Due
  
60-89 Days Past Due
  
90+ Days Past Due
  
Total Past Due
  
Current
  
Total Loans
  
90+ and Accruing*
 
Commercial:
                     
Commercial construction
 $362  $33  $10,171  $10,566  $110,011  $120,577  $3,292 
Commercial secured by real estate
  4,566   2,978   11,998   19,542   779,345   798,887   3,969 
Equipment lease financing
  0   0   0   0   9,706   9,706   0 
Commercial other
  2,286   688   2,504   5,478   369,119   374,597   619 
Residential:
                            
Real estate construction
  305   91   622   1,018   52,516   53,534   16 
Real estate mortgage
  2,067   4,974   6,547   13,588   636,487   650,075   2,719 
Home equity
  968   312   482   1,762   83,079   84,841   346 
Consumer:
                            
Consumer direct
  1,723   171   71   1,965   121,984   123,949   71 
Consumer indirect
  2,684   755   483   3,922   336,460   340,382   483 
Total
 $14,961  $10,002  $32,878  $57,841  $2,498,707  $2,556,548  $11,515 

   
December 31, 2010
 
(in thousands)
 
30-59 Days Past Due
  
60-89 Days Past Due
  
90+ Days Past Due
  
Total Past Due
  
Current
  
Total Loans
  
90+ and Accruing*
 
Commercial:
                     
Commercial construction
 $1,800  $545  $14,290  $16,635  $118,456  $135,091  $1,178 
Commercial secured by real estate
  6,382   8,618   22,195   37,195   769,854   807,049   9,641 
Equipment lease financing
  0   0   0   0   14,151   14,151   0 
Commercial other
  6,737   539   5,039   12,315   376,431   388,746   1,692 
Residential:
                            
Real estate construction
  109   767   1,009   1,885   55,025   56,910   372 
Real estate mortgage
  1,478   3,764   8,844   14,086   609,765   623,851   3,337 
Home equity
  885   276   295   1,456   83,647   85,103   226 
Consumer:
                            
Consumer direct
  1,569   242   70   1,881   124,165   126,046   70 
Consumer indirect
  2,851   684   498   4,033   364,200   368,233   498 
Total
 $21,811  $15,435  $52,240  $89,486  $2,515,694  $2,605,180  $17,014 

*90+ and Accruing are also included in 90+ Days Past Due column.

Credit Quality Indicators:
 
CTBI categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors.  CTBI also considers the fair value of the underlying collateral and the strength and willingness of the guarantor(s).  CTBI analyzes commercial loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk.  Loans classified as loss, doubtful, substandard, or special mention are reviewed quarterly for further deterioration or improvement to determine if appropriately classified and valued if deemed impaired.  All other commercial loan reviews are completed every 12 to 18 months.  In addition, during the renewal process of any loan, as well as if a loan becomes past due or if other information becomes available, CTBI will evaluate the loan grade.  CTBI uses the following definitions for risk ratings:
 
?  
Pass grades include investment grade, low risk, moderate risk, and acceptable risk loans.  The loans range from loans that have no chance of resulting in a loss to loans that have a limited chance of resulting in a loss.  Customers in this grade have excellent to fair credit ratings.  The cash flows are adequate to meet required debt repayments.
 
?  
Watch graded loans are loans that warrant extra management attention but are not currently criticized.  Loans on the watch list may be potential troubled credits or may warrant "watch" status for a reason not directly related to the asset quality of the credit.  The watch grade is a management tool to identify credits which may be candidates for future classification or may temporarily warrant extra management monitoring.
 
?  
Other assets especially mentioned (OAEM) reflects loans that are currently protected but are potentially weak.  These loans constitute an undue and unwarranted credit risk but not to the point of justifying a classification of substandard.  The credit risk may be relatively minor yet constitute an unwarranted risk in light of circumstances surrounding a specific asset. Loans in this grade display potential weaknesses which may, if unchecked or uncorrected, inadequately protect CTBI's credit position at some future date.  The loans may be adversely affected by economic or market conditions.
 
?  
Substandard grading indicates that the loan is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged.  These loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the orderly liquidation of the debt with the distinct possibility that CTBI will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
 
?  
Doubtful graded loans have the weaknesses inherent in the substandard grading with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable.  The probability of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific pending factors which may work to CTBI's advantage or strengthen the asset(s), its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined.  Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition, or liquidation procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral, and refinancing plans.
 
?  
A loss grading applies to loans that are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted.  This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off the asset.  Losses must be taken in the period in which they surface as uncollectible, or in the case of collateral-dependent loans, a specific reserve in the amount of the expected loss is applied to the loan until the collateral is liquidated or we have taken possession and moved it into other real estate owned.

The following tables present the credit risk profile of CTBI's commercial loan portfolio based on rating category and payment activity, segregated by class of loans, as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:

 (in thousands)
 
Commercial Construction
  
Commercial Secured by Real Estate
  
Commercial Other
  
Equipment Leases
  
Total
 
December 31, 2011
               
Pass
 $85,886  $643,312  $323,471  $9,706  $1,062,375 
Watch
  17,721   78,611   38,185   0   134,517 
OAEM
  1,379   21,087   1,668   0   24,134 
Substandard
  8,783   46,238   7,364   0   62,385 
Doubtful
  6,808   9,639   3,909   0   20,356 
Loss
  0   0   0   0   0 
Total
 $120,577  $798,887  $374,597  $9,706  $1,303,767 
                      
December 31, 2010
                    
Pass
 $80,235  $651,804  $315,495  $14,151  $1,061,685 
Watch
  27,510   80,128   57,716   0   165,354 
OAEM
  853   8,163   731   0   9,747 
Substandard
  13,987   53,141   7,348   0   74,476 
Doubtful
  12,506   13,813   7,456   0   33,775 
Loss
  0   0   0   0   0 
Total
 $135,091  $807,049  $388,746  $14,151  $1,345,037 
 
The following tables present the credit risk profile of CTBI's residential real estate and consumer loan portfolios based on performing or nonperforming status, segregated by class, as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:

(in thousands)
 
Real Estate Construction
  
Real Estate Mortgage
  
Home Equity
  
Consumer Direct
  
Consumer
Indirect
  
Total
 
December 31, 2011
                  
Performing
 $52,911  $643,152  $84,306  $123,878  $339,899  $1,244,146 
Nonperforming (1)
  623   6,923   535   71   483   8,635 
Total
 $53,534  $650,075  $84,841  $123,949  $340,382  $1,252,781 
                          
December 31, 2010
                        
Performing
 $55,902  $614,377  $84,713  $125,976  $367,735  $1,248,703 
Nonperforming (1)
  1,008   9,474   390   70   498   11,440 
Total
 $56,910  $623,851  $85,103  $126,046  $368,233  $1,260,143 

(1)  A loan is considered nonperforming if it is 90 days or more past due or on nonaccrual.
 
A loan is considered impaired, in accordance with the impairment accounting guidance (ASC 310-10-35-16), when based on current information and events, it is probable CTBI will be unable to collect all amounts due from the borrower in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan.  Impaired loans include nonperforming commercial loans but also include loans modified in troubled debt restructurings where concessions have been granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties.  These concessions could include a reduction in the interest rate on the loan, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance, or other actions intended to maximize collection.
 
The following table presents impaired loans, the average investment in impaired loans, and interest income recognized on impaired loans for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010:

   
December 31, 2011
 
(in thousands)
 
Recorded Balance
  
Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance
  
Specific Allowance
  
Average Investment in Impaired Loans
  
Interest Income Recognized
 
Loans without a specific valuation allowance:
               
Commercial construction
 $4,778  $4,778  $0  $8,992  $252 
Commercial secured by real estate
  27,811   29,765   0   31,480   1,543 
Commercial other
  1,770   2,501   0   3,392   143 
Real estate construction
  27   27   0   19   1 
Real estate mortgage
  82   82   0   84   5 
  Consumer direct
  93   93   0   82   9 
  Consumer indirect
  112   112   0   99   12 
                      
Loans with a specific valuation allowance:
                    
Commercial construction
  5,794   6,643   2,203   7,681   0 
Commercial secured by real estate
  3,525   3,669   1,156   4,747   23 
Commercial other
  3,432   6,022   1,310   5,071   22 
                      
Commercial
  47,110   53,378   4,669   61,363   1,983 
Residential
  109   109   0   103   6 
Consumer
  205   205   0   181   21 
Total
 $47,424  $53,692  $4,669  $61,647  $2,010 

   
December 31, 2010
 
(in thousands)
 
Recorded Balance
  
Unpaid Contractual Principal Balance
  
Specific Allowance
  
Average Investment in Impaired Loans
  
Interest Income Recognized
 
Loans without a specific valuation allowance:
               
Commercial construction
 $6,313  $6,313  $0  $6,262  $43 
Commercial secured by real estate
  23,503   24,034   0   23,629   330 
Commercial other
  4,357   4,616   0   4,407   71 
Real estate construction
  790   790   0   790   0 
Real estate mortgage
  950   950   0   950   0 
                      
Loans with a specific valuation allowance:
                    
Commercial construction
  9,528   10,813   2,554   9,686   0 
Commercial secured by real estate
  9,188   9,358   2,575   9,191   2 
Commercial other
  8,680   10,338   3,093   8,090   85 
                      
Commercial
  61,569   65,472   8,222   61,265   531 
Residential
  1,740   1,740   0   1,740   0 
Total
 $63,309  $67,212  $8,222  $63,005  $531 
 
Cash basis interest is substantially the same as interest income recognized for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009.
 
At December 31, 2009, the recorded investment in impaired loans was $37.6 million.  Included in this amount was $19.2 million of impaired loans for which specific reserves for loan losses were carried in the amount of $6.6 million.  The average investment in impaired loans at December 31, 2009 was $35.4 million, while interest income of $0.5 million was recognized.
 
Included in certain loan categories of impaired loans are certain loans and leases that have been modified in a troubled debt restructuring, where economic concessions have been granted to borrowers who have experienced financial difficulties. These concessions typically result from our loss mitigation activities and could include reductions in the interest rate, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions.  Modifications of terms for our loans and their inclusion as troubled debt restructurings are based on individual facts and circumstances.  Loan modifications that are included as troubled debt restructurings may involve either an increase or reduction of the interest rate, extension of the term of the loan, or deferral of principal and/or interest payments, regardless of the period of the modification.  All of the loans identified as troubled debt restructuring were modified due to financial stress of the borrower.  In order to determine if a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, an evaluation is performed to determine the probability that the borrower will be in payment default on any of its debt in the foreseeable future with the modification.  This evaluation is performed under CTBI's internal underwriting policy.
 
When we modify loans and leases in a troubled debt restructuring, we evaluate any possible impairment similar to other impaired loans based on the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the contractual interest rate of the original loan or lease agreement, or use the current fair value of the collateral, less selling costs for collateral dependent loans. If we determined that the value of the modified loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan (net of previous charge-offs, deferred loan fees or costs and unamortized premium or discount), impairment is recognized through an allowance estimate or a charge-off to the allowance. In periods subsequent to modification, we evaluate all troubled debt restructuring, including those that have payment defaults, for possible impairment and recognize impairment through the allowance.
 
Restructured loans segregated by class of loans were as follows:

 (in thousands)
 
December 31
2011
  
December 31
2010
 
Commercial:
      
Commercial construction
 $5,464  $2,973 
Commercial secured by real estate
  18,881   2,511 
Commercial other
  2,445   1,156 
          
Residential:
        
Real estate construction
  27   0 
Real estate mortgage
  82   0 
          
Consumer:
        
Consumer direct
  92   0 
Consumer indirect
  112   0 
Total restructured loans
 $27,104  $6,640 

As of December 31, 2011, commitments to extend credit of $0.5 million and a standby letter of credit in the amount of $0.8 million were outstanding and are not included in the above table.
 
During 2011, certain loans were modified in troubled debt restructurings, where economic concessions were granted to borrowers consisting of reductions in the interest rates, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, and forbearances.  Presented below, segregated by class of loans, are troubled debt restructurings that occurred during the year ended December 31, 2011:

   
Year Ended December 31, 2011
 
(in thousands)
 
Number of Loans
  
Post-Modification Outstanding Balance
  
Net Charge-offs Resulting from Modification
 
Commercial:
         
Commercial construction
  7  $3,457  $0 
Commercial secured by real estate
  19   17,497   0 
Commercial other
  13   2,068   (1)
Residential:
            
Real estate construction
  1   28   0 
Real estate mortgage
  2   82   0 
Consumer:
            
Consumer direct
  8   93   0 
Consumer indirect
  8   112   0 
Total troubled debt restructurings
  58  $23,337  $(1)
 
In the preceding table, additional specific reserves were allocated for loan modifications to the following loan classifications:  $200 thousand for one loan modification in commercial other and $11 thousand for two loan modifications in commercial secured by real estate.
 
Presented below, segregated by class of loans, are troubled debt restructurings that were performing in accordance with their modified terms.  CTBI considers a troubled debt restructuring to be performing in accordance with its modified terms if the loan is not past due 30 days or more as of the reporting date.

 (in thousands)
 
December 31
2011
  
December 31
2010
 
Commercial:
      
Commercial construction
 $1,323  $1,633 
Commercial secured by real estate
  16,082   2,427 
Commercial other
  390   771 
          
Residential:
        
Real estate construction
  0   0 
Real estate mortgage
  0   0 
          
Consumer:
        
Consumer direct
  59   0 
Consumer indirect
  112   0 
Total current restructured loans
 $17,966  $4,831 
 
Loans retain their accrual status at the time of their modification. As a result, if a loan is on nonaccrual at the time it is modified, it stays as nonaccrual, and if a loan is on accrual at the time of the modification, it generally stays on accrual.  Commercial and consumer loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring are closely monitored for delinquency as an early indicator of possible future default.  If loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring subsequently default, CTBI evaluates the loan for possible further impairment.  The allowance for loan losses may be increased, adjustments may be made in the allocation of the allowance, or partial charge-offs may be taken to further write-down the carrying value of the loan.  Presented below, segregated by class of loans, are loans that were modified as troubled debt restructurings within the previous 12 months which have subsequently defaulted.  CTBI considers a loan in default when it is 90 days or more past due or transferred to nonaccrual.

 (in thousands)
 
Year Ended
December 31, 2011
 
   
Number of Loans
  
Recorded Balance
 
Commercial:
      
Commercial construction
  2  $3,913 
Commercial secured by real estate
  2   1,669 
Commercial other
  6   1,280 
          
Residential:
        
Real estate construction
  0   0 
Real estate mortgage
  0   0 
          
Consumer:
        
Consumer direct
  1   7 
Consumer indirect
  0   0 
Total defaulted restructured loans
  11  $6,869