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Loans

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2024

Note 4 – Loans

Major classifications of loans, net of unearned income, deferred loan origination costs and fees, and net premiums on acquired loans, are summarized as follows:

(in thousands)	March 31 2024		December 31 2023
Hotel/motel	$	416,759	$	395,765
Commercial real estate residential		456,585		417,943
Commercial real estate nonresidential		813,904		778,637
Dealer floorplans		77,221		70,308
Commercial other		320,701		321,082
Commercial loans		2,085,170		1,983,735

Real estate mortgage		955,616		937,524
Home equity lines		151,577		147,036
Residential loans		1,107,193		1,084,560

Consumer direct		155,807		159,106
Consumer indirect		813,005		823,505
Consumer loans		968,812		982,611

Loans and lease financing	$	4,161,175	$	4,050,906

The loan portfolios presented above are net of unearned fees and unamortized premiums. Unearned fees included above totaled $0.8 million as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, while the unamortized premiums on the indirect lending portfolio totaled $30.9 million as of March 31, 2024 and $31.4 million as of December 31, 2023.

CTBI has segregated and evaluates our loan portfolio through nine portfolio segments with similar risk characteristics. CTBI serves customers in small and mid-sized communities in eastern, northeastern, central, and south central Kentucky, southern West Virginia, and northeastern Tennessee. Therefore, CTBI’s exposure to credit risk is significantly affected by changes in these communities.

Commercial real estate residential loans are commercial purpose construction and permanent financed loans for commercial purpose 1-4 family/multi-family properties. These loans are originated based on the borrower’s ability to service the debt and secondarily based on the fair value of the underlying collateral.

Commercial real estate nonresidential loans are secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties, farmland, and other commercial real estate. These loans are originated based on the borrower’s ability to service the debt and secondarily based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. Construction for commercial real estate nonresidential loans are also included in this segment as these loans are generally one loan for construction to permanent financing.

Dealer floorplans consist of loans to dealerships to finance inventory and are collateralized under a blanket security agreement and without specific liens on individual units. This risk is mitigated by the use of periodic inventory audits. These audits are performed monthly and follow up is required on any out of compliance items identified. These audits are subject to increasing frequency when fact patterns suggest more scrutiny is required.

Commercial other loans consist of agricultural loans, receivable financing, loans to financial institutions, loans for purchasing or carrying securities, and other commercial purpose loans. Commercial loans are underwritten based on the borrower’s ability to service debt from the business’s underlying cash flows. As a general practice, we obtain collateral such as equipment, or other assets, although such loans may be uncollateralized but guaranteed.

Residential real estate loans are a mixture of fixed rate and adjustable rate first and second lien residential mortgage loans and also include real estate construction loans which are typically for owner-occupied properties. The terms of the real estate construction loans are generally short-term with permanent financing upon completion. As a policy, CTBI holds adjustable rate loans and sells the majority of our fixed rate first lien mortgage loans into the secondary market. Changes in interest rates or market conditions may impact a borrower’s ability to meet contractual principal and interest payments. Residential real estate loans are secured by real property.

Home equity lines are primarily revolving adjustable rate credit lines secured by real property.

Consumer direct loans are a mixture of fixed rate and adjustable rate products comprised of unsecured loans, consumer revolving credit lines, deposit secured loans, and all other consumer purpose loans.

Indirect loans are primarily fixed rate consumer loans secured by automobiles, trucks, vans, and recreational vehicles originated at the selling dealership underwritten and purchased by CTBI’s indirect lending department. Both new and used products are financed. Only dealers who have executed dealer agreements with CTBI participate in the indirect lending program.

Not included in the loan balances above were loans held for sale in the amount of $57 thousand at March 31, 2024 and $152 thousand at December 31, 2023.

The following tables present the balance in the ACL for the periods ended March 31, 2024, December 31, 2023 and March 31, 2023.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
(in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Provision Charged to Expense			Losses Charged Off			Recoveries		Ending Balance
ACL
Hotel/motel	$	4,592	$	348		$	0		$	0	$	4,940
Commercial real estate residential		4,285		(161	)		0			4		4,128
Commercial real estate nonresidential		7,560		615			0			3		8,178
Dealer floorplans		659		62			0			0		721
Commercial other		3,760		114			(167	)		92		3,799
Real estate mortgage		10,197		141			(27	)		14		10,325
Home equity		1,367		(65	)		0			2		1,304
Consumer direct		3,261		803			(533	)		40		3,571
Consumer indirect		13,862		799			(1,940	)		884		13,605
Total	$	49,543	$	2,656		$	(2,667	)	$	1,039	$	50,571

	Year Ended December 31, 2023
(in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Provision Charged to Expense			Losses Charged Off			Recoveries		Ending Balance
ACL
Hotel/motel	$	5,171	$	(579	)	$	0		$	0	$	4,592
Commercial real estate residential		4,894		(706	)		(28	)		125		4,285
Commercial real estate nonresidential		9,419		(2,252	)		(294	)		687		7,560
Dealer floorplans		1,776		(1,117	)		0			0		659
Commercial other		5,285		(91	)		(1,900	)		466		3,760
Real estate mortgage		7,932		2,364			(140	)		41		10,197
Home equity		1,106		278			(23	)		6		1,367
Consumer direct		1,694		1,804			(541	)		304		3,261
Consumer indirect		8,704		7,110			(5,333	)		3,381		13,862
Total	$	45,981	$	6,811		$	(8,259	)	$	5,010	$	49,543

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2023
(in thousands)	Beginning Balance		Provision Charged to Expense			Losses Charged Off			Recoveries		Ending Balance
ACL
Hotel/motel	$	5,171	$	116		$	0		$	0	$	5,287
Commercial real estate residential		4,894		186			0			77		5,157
Commercial real estate nonresidential		9,419		(553	)		0			144		9,010
Dealer floorplans		1,776		(82	)		0			0		1,694
Commercial other		5,285		(416	)		(187	)		100		4,782
Real estate mortgage		7,932		21			(40	)		4		7,917
Home equity		1,106		(64	)		0			2		1,044
Consumer direct		1,694		105			(156	)		103		1,746
Consumer indirect		8,704		1,803			(1,382	)		921		10,046
Total	$	45,981	$	1,116		$	(1,765	)	$	1,351	$	46,683

Using the ACL software, forecasts include gross domestic product (GDP), retail sales and housing price index considerations. CTBI leverages economic projections from the Federal Open Market Committee to obtain various forecasts for unemployment rate and gross domestic product, the PNC forecast for the Case-Shiller National Home Price Index, and the Wells Fargo forecast for the Advanced Retail Sales. CTBI has elected to forecast the first four quarters of the credit loss estimate and revert to a long-run average of each considered economic factor, as permitted in ASC 326-20-30-9, over four quarters.

All periods during the reasonable and supportable forecast period are utilizing a forecasted probability of default. Loss driver analysis was performed during which regression models were built relating default rates of the various segments to the economic factors noted above. Historical loss data for both CTBI and segment-specific selected peers was incorporated from Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council call report data. For loss given default, the Frye-Jacobs LGD estimation technique was utilized in the ACL software provided a risk curve that most approximates the asset class under consideration. Management elected to evaluate internal prepayment experience over a trailing timeframe to determine the appropriate prepayment and curtailment rates to be used in the credit loss estimate.

CTBI uses management judgement for qualitative loss factors such as delinquency trends, supervision and administration, quality control exceptions, collateral values, and industry concentrations. The ACL software allows management to approve a “worst case” scenario or a maximum loss rate for each segment. Qualitative dollars available for allocation then become the difference between the worst case and the ACL quantitative reserve estimate. Each factor is then given a risk weighting that is applied to determine a basis point allocation. The qualitative loss factors are as follows:

•

Changes in delinquency trends by loan segment

•

Changes in international, national, regional, and local conditions

•

The effect of other external factors (i.e. competition, legal and regulatory requirements) on the level of estimated credit losses

•

The existence and effect of any concentrations of credit and changes in the levels of such concentrations

•

A supervision and administration allocation based on CTBI’s loan review process

•

Exceptions in lending policies and procedures as measured by quarterly loan portfolio exceptions reports

•

Changes in the nature and volume of the portfolio and terms of loans

•

Changes in the experience, depth, and ability of lending management

Our provision for credit losses for the quarter increased $0.8 million from prior quarter and $1.5 million from prior year same quarter. Our reserve coverage (ACL to nonperforming loans) at March 31, 2024 was 319.0%, compared to 354.7% at December 31, 2023 and 382.3% at March 31, 2023. Our credit loss reserve as a percentage of total loans outstanding at March 31, 2024 remained at 1.22% from December 31, 2023, down from the 1.24% at March 31, 2023.

Management continues to note the continued impact of global uncertainty, the current rate of inflation, the uncertain interest rate environment, and the fact that there is no immediate end foreseen, and these conditions are now part of qualitative factors noted above. As in previous periods, an allocation was made for delinquency trends, industry concentrations, supervisory and administration, loan exceptions, and collateral values.

Refer to Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further information regarding our nonaccrual policy. Nonaccrual loans and loans 90 days past due and still accruing segregated by class of loans for both March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows:

	March 31, 2024
(in thousands)	Nonaccrual Loans with No ACL		Nonaccrual Loans with ACL		90+ and Still Accruing		Total Nonperforming Loans

Hotel/motel	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	0
Commercial real estate residential		0		283		1,458		1,741
Commercial real estate nonresidential		0		632		2,136		2,768
Commercial other		232		398		748		1,378
Total commercial loans		232		1,313		4,342		5,887

Real estate mortgage		0		2,149		5,853		8,002
Home equity lines		0		157		588		745
Total residential loans		0		2,306		6,441		8,747

Consumer direct		0		451		48		499
Consumer indirect		0		0		719		719
Total consumer loans		0		451		767		1,218

Loans and lease financing	$	232	$	4,070	$	11,550	$	15,852

	December 31, 2023
(in thousands)	Nonaccrual Loans with No ACL		Nonaccrual Loans with ACL		90+ and Still Accruing		Total Nonperforming Loans

Hotel/motel	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	0
Commercial real estate residential		0		498		1,059		1,557
Commercial real estate nonresidential		0		680		2,270		2,950
Dealer floorplans		0		0		0		0
Commercial other		236		452		162		850
Total commercial loans		236		1,630		3,491		5,357

Real estate mortgage		0		1,996		5,302		7,298
Home equity lines		0		186		557		743
Total residential loans		0		2,182		5,859		8,041

Consumer direct		0		0		15		15
Consumer indirect		0		0		555		555
Total consumer loans		0		0		570		570

Loans and lease financing	$	236	$	3,812	$	9,920	$	13,968

Discussion of the Nonaccrual Policy

The accrual of interest income on loans is discontinued when management believes, after considering economic and business conditions, collateral value, and collection efforts, that the borrower’s financial condition is such that the collection of interest is doubtful. Cash payments received on nonaccrual loans generally are applied against principal, and interest income is only recorded once principal recovery is reasonably assured. Any loans greater than 90 days past due must be well secured and in the process of collection to continue accruing interest. See Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for further discussion on our nonaccrual policy.

The following tables present CTBI’s loan portfolio aging analysis, segregated by class, as of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023 (includes loans 90 days past due and still accruing as well):

	March 31, 2024
(in thousands)	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90+ Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans
Hotel/motel	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	416,759	$	416,759
Commercial real estate residential		406		0		1,741		2,147		454,438		456,585
Commercial real estate nonresidential		1,295		757		2,490		4,542		809,362		813,904
Dealer floorplans		0		0		0		0		77,221		77,221
Commercial other		317		172		1,201		1,690		319,011		320,701
Total commercial loans		2,018		929		5,432		8,379		2,076,791		2,085,170

Real estate mortgage		894		2,471		6,801		10,166		945,450		955,616
Home equity lines		749		317		719		1,785		149,792		151,577
Total residential loans		1,643		2,788		7,520		11,951		1,095,242		1,107,193

Consumer direct		623		168		499		1,290		154,517		155,807
Consumer indirect		3,596		831		719		5,146		807,859		813,005
Total consumer loans		4,219		999		1,218		6,436		962,376		968,812

Loans and lease financing	$	7,880	$	4,716	$	14,170	$	26,766	$	4,134,409	$	4,161,175

	December 31, 2023
(in thousands)	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90+ Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans
Hotel/motel	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	0	$	395,765	$	395,765
Commercial real estate residential		1,047		275		1,525		2,847		415,096		417,943
Commercial real estate nonresidential		549		332		2,619		3,500		775,137		778,637
Dealer floorplans		0		0		0		0		70,308		70,308
Commercial other		663		494		641		1,798		319,284		321,082
Total commercial loans		2,259		1,101		4,785		8,145		1,975,590		1,983,735

Real estate mortgage		1,323		3,455		6,168		10,946		926,578		937,524
Home equity lines		911		273		707		1,891		145,145		147,036
Total residential loans		2,234		3,728		6,875		12,837		1,071,723		1,084,560

Consumer direct		1,013		118		15		1,146		157,960		159,106
Consumer indirect		4,550		1,029		555		6,134		817,371		823,505
Total consumer loans		5,563		1,147		570		7,280		975,331		982,611

Loans and lease financing	$	10,056	$	5,976	$	12,230	$	28,262	$	4,022,644	$	4,050,906

The risk characteristics of CTBI’s material portfolio segments are as follows:

Hotel/motel loans are a significant concentration for CTBI, representing approximately 10.0% of total loans. This industry has unique risk characteristics as it is highly susceptible to changes in the domestic and global economic environments, which can cause the industry to experience substantial volatility. These loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and secondarily as loans secured by real estate. Hotel/motel lending typically involves higher loan principal amounts and the repayment of these loans is generally dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loan or the business conducted on the property securing the loan. Management monitors and evaluates all commercial real estate loans based on collateral and risk grade criteria. Commercial construction loans generally are made to customers for the purpose of building income-producing properties, and any hotel/motel construction loan would be included in this segment. Personal guarantees of the principals are generally required. Such loans are made on a projected cash flow basis and are secured by the project being constructed. Construction loan draw procedures are included in each specific loan agreement, including required documentation items and inspection requirements. Construction loans may convert to term loans at the end of the construction period, or may be repaid by the take-out commitment from another financing source. If the loan is to convert to a term loan, the repayment ability is based on the borrower’s projected cash flow. Risk is mitigated during the construction phase by requiring proper documentation and inspections whenever a draw is requested.

Commercial real estate residential loans are commercial purpose construction and permanent financed loans for commercial purpose 1-4 family/multi-family properties. All commercial real estate loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and secondarily as loans secured by real estate. Management monitors and evaluates all commercial real estate loans based on collateral and risk grade criteria. Commercial residential construction loans generally are made to customers for the purpose of building income-producing properties. Personal guarantees of the principals are generally required. Such loans are made on a projected cash flow basis and are secured by the project being constructed. Construction loan draw procedures are included in each specific loan agreement, including required documentation items and inspection requirements. Construction loans may convert to term loans at the end of the construction period, or may be repaid by the take-out commitment from another financing source. If the loan is to convert to a term loan, the repayment ability is based on the borrower’s projected cash flow. Risk is mitigated during the construction phase by requiring proper documentation and inspections whenever a draw is requested.

Commercial real estate nonresidential loans are secured by nonfarm, nonresidential properties, farmland, and other commercial real estate. Construction for commercial real estate nonresidential loans are also included in this segment as these loans are generally one loan for construction to permanent financing. All commercial real estate loans are viewed primarily as cash flow loans and secondarily as loans secured by real estate. Management monitors and evaluates all commercial real estate loans based on collateral and risk grade criteria. Commercial nonresidential construction loans generally are made to customers for the purpose of building income-producing properties. Personal guarantees of the principals are generally required. Such loans are made on a projected cash flow basis and are secured by the project being constructed. Construction loan draw procedures are included in each specific loan agreement, including required documentation items and inspection requirements. Construction loans may convert to term loans at the end of the construction period, or may be repaid by the take-out commitment from another financing source. If the loan is to convert to a term loan, the repayment ability is based on the borrower’s projected cash flow. Risk is mitigated during the construction phase by requiring proper documentation and inspections whenever a draw is requested.

Dealer floorplans are segmented separately as they are a unique product with unique risk factors. CTBI maintains strict processing procedures over our floorplan product with any exceptions requested by a loan officer approved by the appropriate loan committee and the floorplan manager.

Commercial other loans are primarily based on the identified cash flows of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. The cash flows of borrowers, however, may not be as expected and the collateral securing these loans may fluctuate in value. Most commercial loans are secured by the assets being financed or other business assets such as accounts receivable or inventory and may incorporate a personal guarantee; however, some short-term loans may be made on an unsecured basis. In the case of loans secured by accounts receivable, the availability of funds for the repayment of these loans may be substantially dependent on the ability of the borrower to collect amounts due from our customers. As we underwrite our equipment lease financing in a manner similar to our commercial loan portfolio described below, the risk characteristics for this portfolio mirror that of the commercial loan portfolio.

With respect to residential loans that are secured by 1-4 family residences and are generally owner occupied, CTBI generally establishes a maximum loan-to-value ratio and requires private mortgage insurance if that ratio is exceeded. Home equity loans are typically secured by a subordinate interest in 1-4 family residences. Residential construction loans are handled through the home mortgage area of the bank. The repayment ability of the borrower and the maximum loan-to-value ratio are calculated using the normal mortgage lending criteria. Draws are processed based on percentage of completion stages including normal inspection procedures. Such loans generally convert to term loans after the completion of construction.

Consumer loans are secured by consumer assets such as automobiles or recreational vehicles. Some consumer loans are unsecured such as small installment loans and certain lines of credit. Our determination of a borrower’s ability to repay these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income and credit rating of the borrowers, which can be impacted by economic conditions in their market areas such as unemployment levels. Repayment can also be impacted by changes in property values on residential properties. Risk is mitigated by the fact that the loans are of smaller individual amounts and spread over a large number of borrowers.

The indirect lending area of the bank is generally responsible for purchasing/funding consumer contracts with new and used automobile dealers. Dealer loan applications are forwarded to the indirect loan processing area for approval or denial. Loan approvals or denials are based on the creditworthiness and repayment ability of the borrowers, and on the collateral value. Upon a dealer being funded on an approved loan application and assignment of the retail installment contract to CTB, CTB will have limited recourse with the dealer, as set forth in the CTB dealer agreement. On occasion, the dealer will execute a separate, full recourse agreement with CTB to obtain customer financing.

Credit Quality Indicators:

CTBI categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. CTBI also considers the fair value of the underlying collateral and the strength and willingness of the guarantor(s). CTBI analyzes commercial loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. Loans classified as loss, doubtful, substandard, or special mention are reviewed quarterly by CTBI for further deterioration or improvement to determine if appropriately classified and valued if deemed impaired. All other commercial loan reviews are completed every 12 to 18 months. In addition, during the renewal process of any loan, as well as if a loan becomes past due or if other information becomes available, CTBI will evaluate the loan grade. CTBI uses the following definitions for risk ratings:

➢

Pass grades include investment grade, low risk, moderate risk, and acceptable risk loans. The loans range from loans that have no chance of resulting in a loss to loans that have a limited chance of resulting in a loss. Customers in this grade have excellent to fair credit ratings. The cash flows are adequate to meet required debt repayments.

➢

Watch graded loans are loans that warrant extra management attention but are not currently criticized. Loans on the watch list may be potential troubled credits or may warrant “watch” status for a reason not directly related to the asset quality of the credit. The watch grade is a management tool to identify credits which may be candidates for future classification or may temporarily warrant extra management monitoring.

➢

Other assets especially mentioned (OAEM) reflects loans that are currently protected but are potentially weak. These loans constitute an undue and unwarranted credit risk but not to the point of justifying a classification of substandard. The credit risk may be relatively minor yet constitute an unwarranted risk in light of circumstances surrounding a specific asset. Loans in this grade display potential weaknesses which may, if unchecked or uncorrected, inadequately protect CTBI’s credit position at some future date. The loans may be adversely affected by economic or market conditions.

➢

Substandard grading indicates that the loan is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged. These loans have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the orderly liquidation of the debt with the distinct possibility that CTBI will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

➢

Doubtful graded loans have the weaknesses inherent in the substandard grading with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. The probability of loss is extremely high, but because of certain important and reasonably specific pending factors which may work to CTBI’s advantage or strengthen the asset(s), its classification as an estimated loss is deferred until its more exact status may be determined. Pending factors include proposed merger, acquisition, or liquidation procedures, capital injection, perfecting liens on additional collateral, and refinancing plans.

The following tables present the credit risk profile of CTBI’s commercial loan portfolio based on rating category and payment activity, segregated by class of loans and based on last credit decision or year of origination:

	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(in thousands) March 31		2024			2023		2022			2021		2020		Prior		Revolving Loans		Total
Hotel/motel
Risk rating:
Pass	$	23,157		$	75,614	$	148,082		$	27,789	$	17,576		$	81,081	$	5,146	$	378,445
Watch		0			11,494		2,801			6,745		4,566			4,925		0		30,531
OAEM		0			0		3,982			0		0			1,954		0		5,936
Substandard		0			0		0			0		0			1,847		0		1,847
Doubtful		0			0		0			0		0			0		0		0
Total hotel/motel		23,157			87,108		154,865			34,534		22,142			89,807		5,146		416,759

Commercial real estate residential
Risk rating:
Pass		53,504			100,676		88,387			96,851		30,029			44,984		15,866		430,297
Watch		91			2,211		3,661			425		1,422			6,830		177		14,817
OAEM		0			0		0			0		0			62		0		62
Substandard		0			995		414			4,188		734			4,936		142		11,409
Doubtful		0			0		0			0		0			0		0		0
Total commercial real estate residential		53,595			103,882		92,462			101,464		32,185			56,812		16,185		456,585

Commercial real estate nonresidential
Risk rating:
Pass		50,150			152,323		135,583			133,424		66,865			190,555		32,112		761,012
Watch		0			548		3,643			6,249		2,298			7,637		338		20,713
OAEM		0			0		15			0		7,255			1,459		0		8,729
Substandard		470			4,341		1,594			2,523		4,480			9,966		74		23,448
Doubtful		0			0		0			0		0			2		0		2
Total commercial real estate nonresidential		50,620			157,212		140,835			142,196		80,898			209,619		32,524		813,904

Dealer floorplans
Risk rating:
Pass		0			0		0			0		0			0		76,789		76,789
Watch		0			0		0			0		0			0		432		432
OAEM		0			0		0			0		0			0		0		0
Substandard		0			0		0			0		0			0		0		0
Doubtful		0			0		0			0		0			0		0		0
Total dealer floorplans		0			0		0			0		0			0		77,221		77,221

Commercial other
Risk rating:
Pass		25,705			57,125		45,270			38,679		28,943			23,401		80,907		300,030
Watch		457			700		620			291		119			837		6,065		9,089
OAEM		0			28		0			0		0			0		30		58
Substandard		1,584			4,579		2,552			538		862			253		1,006		11,374
Doubtful		0			0		117			33		0			0		0		150
Total commercial other		27,746			62,432		48,559			39,541		29,924			24,491		88,008		320,701

Commercial other current period gross charge-offs		(145	)		0		(20	)		0		(2	)		0		0		(167	)

Commercial loans
Risk rating:
Pass		152,516			385,738		417,322			296,743		143,413			340,021		210,820		1,946,573
Watch		548			14,953		10,725			13,710		8,405			20,229		7,012		75,582
OAEM		0			28		3,997			0		7,255			3,475		30		14,785
Substandard		2,054			9,915		4,560			7,249		6,076			17,002		1,222		48,078
Doubtful		0			0		117			33		0			2		0		152
Total commercial loans	$	155,118		$	410,634	$	436,721		$	317,735	$	165,149		$	380,729	$	219,084	$	2,085,170

Total commercial loans current period gross charge-offs	$	(145	)	$	0	$	(20	)	$	0	$	(2	)	$	0	$	0	$	(167	)

	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(in thousands) December 31	2023			2022			2021			2020			2019			Prior			Revolving Loans		Total
Hotel/motel
Risk rating:
Pass	$	79,651		$	144,826		$	28,011		$	17,664		$	40,873		$	42,030		$	4,042	$	357,097
Watch		11,569			2,826			6,835			4,623			3,361			1,648			0		30,862
OAEM		0			3,982			0			0			0			1,954			0		5,936
Substandard		0			0			0			0			0			1,118			0		1,118
Doubtful		0			0			0			0			0			752			0		752
Total hotel/motel		91,220			151,634			34,846			22,287			44,234			47,502			4,042		395,765

Commercial real estate residential
Risk rating:
Pass		109,304			89,119			98,896			30,972			11,908			36,964			14,700		391,863
Watch		2,317			2,131			473			1,395			721			6,359			124		13,520
OAEM		0			0			0			0			0			63			0		63
Substandard		760			854			4,532			834			285			5,232			0		12,497
Doubtful		0			0			0			0			0			0			0		0
Total commercial real estate residential		112,381			92,104			103,901			33,201			12,914			48,618			14,824		417,943

Commercial real estate residential current period gross charge-offs		0			0			(28	)		0			0			0			0		(28	)

Commercial real estate nonresidential
Risk rating:
Pass		149,633			142,580			136,090			68,240			55,850			140,074			31,536		724,003
Watch		552			3,664			6,305			2,347			1,938			6,003			354		21,163
OAEM		2,375			15			0			7,255			0			1,486			0		11,131
Substandard		2,520			1,598			2,538			4,472			2,000			9,199			0		22,327
Doubtful		0			0			0			0			0			13			0		13
Total commercial real estate nonresidential		155,080			147,857			144,933			82,314			59,788			156,775			31,890		778,637

Commercial real estate nonresidential current period gross charge-offs		0			0			(7	)		0			0			(287	)		0		(294	)

Dealer floorplans
Risk rating:
Pass		0			0			0			0			0			0			70,308		70,308
Watch		0			0			0			0			0			0			0		0
OAEM		0			0			0			0			0			0			0		0
Substandard		0			0			0			0			0			0			0		0
Doubtful		0			0			0			0			0			0			0		0
Total dealer floorplans		0			0			0			0			0			0			70,308		70,308

Commercial other
Risk rating:
Pass		73,115			47,575			40,448			30,033			4,780			22,588			81,791		300,330
Watch		1,138			1,109			569			126			239			635			5,877		9,693
OAEM		29			0			0			0			0			0			30		59
Substandard		4,921			3,581			381			890			211			403			613		11,000
Doubtful		0			0			0			0			0			0			0		0
Total commercial other		79,203			52,265			41,398			31,049			5,230			23,626			88,311		321,082

Commercial other current period gross charge-offs		(725	)		(710	)		(302	)		(27	)		(90	)		(46	)		0		(1,900	)

Commercial loans
Risk rating:
Pass		411,703			424,100			303,445			146,909			113,411			241,655			202,377		1,843,600
Watch		15,576			9,730			14,182			8,491			6,259			14,645			6,355		75,238
OAEM		2,404			3,997			0			7,255			0			3,503			30		17,189
Substandard		8,201			6,033			7,451			6,196			2,496			15,952			613		46,942
Doubtful		0			0			0			0			0			766			0		766
Total commercial loans	$	437,884		$	443,860		$	325,078		$	168,851		$	122,166		$	276,521		$	209,375	$	1,983,735

Total commercial loans current period gross charge-offs	$	(725	)	$	(710	)	$	(337	)	$	(27	)	$	(90	)	$	(333	)	$	0	$	(2,222	)

The following tables present the credit risk profile of CTBI’s residential real estate and consumer loan portfolios based on performing or nonperforming status, segregated by class:

(in thousands)	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
March 31	2024		2023			2022			2021			2020			Prior			Revolving Loans		Total
Home equity lines
Performing	$	0	$	0		$	0		$	0		$	0		$	7,846		$	142,986	$	150,832
Nonperforming		0		0			0			0			0			471			274		745
Total home equity lines		0		0			0			0			0			8,317			143,260		151,577

Mortgage loans
Performing		35,865		207,193			154,086			156,133			116,396			277,941			0		947,614
Nonperforming		0		29			469			188			192			7,124			0		8,002
Total mortgage loans		35,865		207,222			154,555			156,321			116,588			285,065			0		955,616

Mortgage loans current period gross charge-offs		0		0			0			0			0			(27	)		0		(27	)

Residential loans
Performing		35,865		207,193			154,086			156,133			116,396			285,787			142,986		1,098,446
Nonperforming		0		29			469			188			192			7,595			274		8,747
Total residential loans	$	35,865	$	207,222		$	154,555		$	156,321		$	116,588		$	293,382		$	143,260	$	1,107,193

Total residential loans current period gross charge-offs	$	0	$	0		$	0		$	0		$	0		$	(27	)	$	0	$	(27	)

Consumer direct loans
Performing	$	14,253	$	54,867		$	30,487		$	24,055		$	14,354		$	17,292		$	0	$	155,308
Nonperforming		0		44			451			0			4			0			0		499
Total consumer direct loans		14,253		54,911			30,938			24,055			14,358			17,292			0		155,807

Total consumer direct loans current period gross charge-offs		0		(24	)		(470	)		(14	)		(7	)		(18	)		0		(533	)

Consumer indirect loans
Performing		72,500		329,063			227,378			97,397			59,720			26,228			0		812,286
Nonperforming		0		316			249			110			3			41			0		719
Total consumer indirect loans		72,500		329,379			227,627			97,507			59,723			26,269			0		813,005

Total consumer indirect loans current period gross charge-offs		0		(577	)		(743	)		(442	)		(79	)		(99	)		0		(1,940	)

Consumer loans
Performing		86,753		383,930			257,865			121,452			74,074			43,520			0		967,594
Nonperforming		0		360			700			110			7			41			0		1,218
Total consumer loans	$	86,753	$	384,290		$	258,565		$	121,562		$	74,081		$	43,561		$	0	$	968,812

Total consumer loans current period gross charge-offs	$	0	$	(601	)	$	(1,213	)	$	(456	)	$	(86	)	$	(117	)	$	0	$	(2,473	)

(in thousands)	Term Loans Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
December 31	2023			2022			2021			2020			2019			Prior			Revolving Loans		Total
Home equity lines
Performing	$	0		$	0		$	0		$	0		$	0		$	7,630		$	138,663	$	146,293
Nonperforming		0			0			0			0			0			442			301		743
Total home equity lines		0			0			0			0			0			8,072			138,964		147,036

Home equity lines current period gross charge-offs		0			0			0			0			0			(23	)		0		(23	)

Mortgage loans
Performing		200,442			162,407			159,857			119,772			56,601			231,147			0		930,226
Nonperforming		0			200			151			192			533			6,222			0		7,298
Total mortgage loans		200,442			162,607			160,008			119,964			57,134			237,369			0		937,524

Mortgage loans current period gross charge-offs		0			0			(47	)		0			(40	)		(53	)		0		(140	)

Residential loans
Performing		200,442			162,407			159,857			119,772			56,601			238,777			138,663		1,076,519
Nonperforming		0			200			151			192			533			6,664			301		8,041
Total residential loans	$	200,442		$	162,607		$	160,008		$	119,964		$	57,134		$	245,441		$	138,964	$	1,084,560

Total residential loans current period gross charge-offs	$	0		$	0		$	(47	)	$	0		$	(40	)	$	(76	)	$	0	$	(163	)

Consumer direct loans
Performing	$	63,686		$	34,722		$	26,250		$	15,560		$	6,951		$	11,922		$	0	$	159,091
Nonperforming		0			4			11			0			0			0			0		15
Total consumer direct loans		63,686			34,726			26,261			15,560			6,951			11,922			0		159,106

Total consumer direct loans current period gross charge-offs		(65	)		(263	)		(129	)		(37	)		(27	)		(20	)		0		(541	)

Consumer indirect loans
Performing		359,049			251,086			109,231			69,319			23,767			10,498			0		822,950
Nonperforming		133			223			157			11			22			9			0		555
Total consumer indirect loans		359,182			251,309			109,388			69,330			23,789			10,507			0		823,505

Total consumer indirect loans current period gross charge-offs		(541	)		(2,320	)		(1,688	)		(492	)		(121	)		(171	)		0		(5,333	)

Consumer loans
Performing		422,735			285,808			135,481			84,879			30,718			22,420			0		982,041
Nonperforming		133			227			168			11			22			9			0		570
Total consumer loans	$	422,868		$	286,035		$	135,649		$	84,890		$	30,740		$	22,429		$	0	$	982,611

Total consumer loans current period gross charge-offs	$	(606	)	$	(2,583	)	$	(1,817	)	$	(529	)	$	(148	)	$	(191	)	$	0	$	(5,874	)

* A loan is considered nonperforming if it is 90 days or more past due and/or on nonaccrual.

The total of consumer mortgage loans secured by real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings are in process was $3.1 million and $3.5 million at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

In accordance with ASC 326-20-30-2, if a loan does not share risk characteristics with other pooled loans in determining the ACL, the loan shall be evaluated for expected credit losses on an individual basis. Of the loans that CTBI has individually evaluated, the loans listed below by segment are those that are collateral dependent:

	March 31, 2024
(in thousands)	Number of Loans		Recorded Investment		Specific Reserve
Hotel/motel		3	$	6,798	$	0
Commercial real estate residential		2		4,530		0
Commercial real estate nonresidential		9		21,549		325
Commercial other		2		5,265		0
Total collateral dependent loans		16	$	38,142	$	325

	December 31, 2023
(in thousands)	Number of Loans		Recorded Investment		Specific Reserve
Hotel/motel		3	$	6,810	$	0
Commercial real estate residential		2		5,080		0
Commercial real estate nonresidential		9		21,637		250
Commercial other		2		5,658		0
Total collateral dependent loans		16	$	39,185	$	250

	March 31, 2023
(in thousands)	Number of Loans		Recorded Investment		Specific Reserve
Hotel/motel		2	$	8,193	$	0
Commercial real estate residential		3		6,380		0
Commercial real estate nonresidential		6		11,712		0
Commercial other		2		8,043		0
Total collateral dependent loans		13	$	34,328	$	0

The hotel/motel, commercial real estate residential, and commercial real estate nonresidential segments are all collateralized with real estate. The two loans listed in the commercial other segment at March 31, 2024 are collateralized by inventory, equipment, and accounts receivable.

Certain loans have been modified where the customer is facing financial difficulty and economic concessions were granted to borrowers consisting of reductions in the interest rates, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, and forbearances. These loans, segregated by class of loans and concession granted, are presented below for the quarters ended March 31, 2024 and 2023:

	Amortized Cost at March 31, 2024
(in thousands)	Interest Rate Reduction			% of total			Term Extension			% of total
Hotel/motel		$	0		0.00	%		$	0		0.00	%
Commercial real estate residential			0		0.00				65		0.01
Commercial real estate nonresidential			0		0.00				0		0.00
Dealer floorplans			0		0.00				0		0.00
Commercial other			0		0.00				1,517		0.47
Commercial loans			0		0.00				1,582		0.08

Real estate mortgage			189		0.02				2,782		0.29
Home equity lines			0		0.00				32		0.02
Residential loans			189		0.02				2,814		0.25

Consumer direct			0		0.00				38		0.02
Consumer indirect			0		0.00				269		0.03
Consumer loans			0		0.00				307		0.03

Loans and lease financing		$	189		0.00	%		$	4,703		0.11	%

	Amortized Cost at March 31, 2024
(in thousands)	Combination – Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction			% of total			Payment Change			% of total
Hotel/motel		$	0		0.00	%		$	0		0.00	%
Commercial real estate residential			15		0.00				0		0.00
Commercial real estate nonresidential			28		0.00				11		0.00
Dealer floorplans			0		0.00				0		0.00
Commercial other			0		0.00				858		0.27
Commercial loans			43		0.00				869		0.04

Real estate mortgage			278		0.03				0		0.00
Home equity lines			39		0.03				0		0.00
Residential loans			317		0.03				0		0.00

Consumer direct			0		0.00				0		0.00
Consumer indirect			0		0.00				25		0.00
Consumer loans			0		0.00				25		0.00

Loans and lease financing		$	360		0.01	%		$	894		0.02	%

	Interest Rate Reduction					Term Extension
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost at March 31, 2023		% of total			Amortized Cost at March 31, 2023		% of total
Hotel/motel	$	0		0.00	%	$	0		0.00	%
Commercial real estate residential		358		0.09			1,369		0.36
Commercial real estate nonresidential		4,506		0.60			4,715		0.63
Dealer floorplans		0		0.00			0		0.00
Commercial other		0		0.00			963		0.30
Commercial loans		4,864		0.26			7,047		0.38

Real estate mortgage		59		0.01			2,446		0.29
Home equity lines		0		0.00			55		0.04
Residential loans		59		0.01			2,501		0.26

Consumer direct		0		0.00			178		0.11
Consumer indirect		0		0.00			396		0.05
Consumer loans		0		0.00			574		0.06

Loans and lease financing	$	4,923		0.13	%	$	10,122		0.27	%

	Combination – Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction					Payment Change
(in thousands)	Amortized Cost at March 31, 2023		% of total			Amortized Cost at March 31, 2023		% of total
Hotel/motel	$	0		0.00	%	$	0		0.00	%
Commercial real estate residential		45		0.01			0		0.00
Commercial real estate nonresidential		0		0.00			0		0.00
Dealer floorplans		0		0.00			0		0.00
Commercial other		0		0.00			111		0.04
Commercial loans		45		0.00			111		0.01

Real estate mortgage		217		0.03			0		0.00
Home equity lines		35		0.03			60		0.05
Residential loans		252		0.03			60		0.01

Consumer direct		0		0.00			21		0.01
Consumer indirect		0		0.00			0		0.00
Consumer loans		0		0.00			21		0.00

Loans and lease financing	$	297		0.01	%	$	192		0.01	%

The following tables describe the financial effect of the modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for the three months ended March 31, 2024:

	Interest Rate Reduction	Term Extension
Loan Type	Financial Impact	Financial Impact

Hotel/motel

Commercial real estate residential		Added a weighted-average 0.3 years to life of the loans

Commercial real estate nonresidential

Dealer floorplans

Commercial other		Added a weighted-average 0.5 years to life of the loans

Real estate mortgage	Reduced weighted-average contractual interest rate from 9.8% to 5.0%	Added a weighted-average 0.4 years to life of the loans

Home equity lines		Added a weighted-average 0.5 years to life of the loans

Consumer direct		Added a weighted-average 0.1 years to life of the loans

Consumer indirect		Added a weighted-average 0.1 years to life of the loans

	Combination – Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction	Payment Changes
Loan Type	Financial Impact	Financial Impact

Hotel/motel

Commercial real estate residential	Weighted-average contractual interest rate remained at 8.5% and increased the weighted-average life by 4.0 years

Commercial real estate nonresidential	Weighted-average contractual interest rate remained at 6.0% and increased the weighted-average life by 10.3 years	Provided payment changes that will be added to the end of the original loan term.

Dealer floorplans

Commercial other		Provided payment changes that will be added to the end of the original loan term.

Real estate mortgage	Reduced weighted-average contractual interest rate from 5.3% to 5.2% and increased the weighted-average life by 5 years

Home equity lines	Reduced weighted-average contractual interest rate from 10.0% to 8.5% and increased the weighted-average life by 17.7 years

Consumer direct

Consumer indirect		Provided payment changes that will be added to the end of the original loan term.

The following tables describe the financial effect of the modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty at March 31, 2023:

Loan Type	Interest Rate Reduction Financial Impact	Term Extension Financial Impact
Hotel/motel

Commercial real estate residential	Reduced weighted-average contractual interest rate from 9.6% to 8.0%	The weighted-average term was not increased with the changes to this portfolio

Commercial real estate nonresidential	Reduced weighted-average contractual interest rate from 9.5% to 7.5%	The weighted-average term was not increased with the changes to this portfolio

Dealer floorplans

Commercial other		Added a weighted-average 1.8 years to life of the loans, which reduced monthly payment amounts to the borrower

Real estate mortgage	Changed from an adjustable rate to a fixed rate mortgage maintaining the contractual interest rate of 3.0%	Added a weighted-average 2.3 years to life of the loans, which reduced monthly payment amounts to the borrower

Home equity lines		Added a weighted-average 6.67 years to life of the loans, which reduced monthly payment amounts to the borrower

Consumer direct		Added a weighted-average 0.2 years to the life of the loans

Consumer indirect		Added a weighted-average 0.3 years to the life of the loans

Loan Type	Combination – Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction Financial Impact	Payment Changes Financial Impact
Hotel/motel

Commercial real estate residential	Reduced weighted-average contractual interest rate from 10.8% to 6.5% and increased the weighted-average life by 0.3 years

Commercial real estate nonresidential

Dealer floorplans

Commercial other		Provided payment changes that will be added to the end of the original loan term

Real estate mortgage	Reduced weighted-average contractual interest rate from 7.4% to 6.1% and increased the weighted-average life by 12.9 years

Home equity lines	While the weighted-average contractual interest rate did not change materially from 7.7%, the weighted-average life increased by 5.0 years	Provided payment changes that will be added to the end of the original loan term

Consumer direct		Provided payment changes that will be added to the end of the original loan term

Consumer indirect

Loans retain their accrual status at the time of their modification. As a result, if a loan is on nonaccrual at the time it is modified, it stays as nonaccrual, and if a loan is on accrual at the time of the modification, it generally stays on accrual. Commercial and consumer loans modified due to a borrower’s financial difficulty are closely monitored for delinquency as an early indicator of possible future default. If a loan to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty subsequently defaults, CTBI evaluates the loan for possible further impairment. The table below represents the payment status of modified loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.

	Past Due Status (Amortized Cost Basis)
(in thousands)	Current			30-89 Days		90+ Days	Nonaccrual
Hotel/motel	$	1,955	$	0	$	0	$	0
Commercial real estate residential		624		0		412		0
Commercial real estate nonresidential		1,606		0		28		0
Dealer floorplans		0		0		0		0
Commercial other		5,961		135		389		75
Real estate mortgage		6,145		418		380		365
Home equity lines		423		0		0		0
Consumer direct		64		14		0		0
Consumer indirect		346		3		0		0
Total	$	17,124	$	570	$	1,209	$	440

The allowance for credit losses may be increased, adjustments may be made in the allocation of the allowance, or partial charge-offs may be taken to further write-down the carrying value of the loan. CTBI considers a loan in default when it is 90 days or more past due or transferred to nonaccrual. Presented below, segregated by class of loans, are loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty for which there was a payment default during the period indicated and such default was within twelve months of the loan modification. There were no defaults as of March 31, 2023.

	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
(in thousands)	Number of Loans		Recorded Balance
Commercial:
Commercial other		4		$	422
Commercial real estate residential		2			412
Real estate mortgage		3			197
Total defaulted restructured loans		9		$	1,031

Financial instrument credit losses apply to off-balance sheet credit exposures such as unfunded loan commitments and standby letters of credit. A liability for expected credit losses for off-balance sheet exposures is recognized if the entity has a present contractual obligation to extend the credit and the obligation is not unconditionally cancellable by the entity. Changes in this allowance are reflected in other operating expenses within the non-interest expense category. As of March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, the total unfunded commitment off-balance sheet credit exposure was $1.5 million, respectively.