Note 13. Income Taxes

The pretax income attributable to domestic and foreign operations was as follows:



	Year Ended
	April 30, 2016			May 2, 2015		April 26, 2014
Domestic	$	3,264		$	29,194	$	35,699
Foreign	(138		)	2,489		1,542
Income before income taxes	$	3,126		$	31,683	$	37,241

Income tax expense consisted of the following:



	Year Ended
	April 30, 2016			May 2, 2015			April 26, 2014
Current:
Federal	$	(467	)	$	6,657		$	11,342
State	123			1,150			1,454
Foreign	557			848			696
Deferred:
Federal	463			1,906			1,241
State	(89		)	307			667
Foreign	478			(67		)	(365		)
	$	1,065		$	10,801		$	15,035

A reconciliation of the provision for income taxes and the amount computed by applying the federal statutory rate to income before income taxes is as follows:



	Year Ended
	April 30, 2016			May 2, 2015			April 26, 2014
Computed income tax expense at federal, state and local jurisdiction statutory rates	$	1,063		$	11,089		$	13,035
State taxes, net of federal benefit	40			1,016			1,433
Research and development tax credit	(2,015		)	(1,292		)	(750		)
Meals and entertainment	334			369			344
Stock compensation	525			566			586
Dividends paid to retirement plan	(323		)	(352		)	(328		)
Domestic production activities deduction	(91		)	(529		)	(1,012		)
Change in valuation allowances	1,265			(2,295		)	2,301
Change in uncertain tax positions	125			2,357			111
Other, net	142			(128		)	(685		)
	$	1,065		$	10,801		$	15,035

The components of the net deferred tax asset were as follows:



	April 30, 2016			May 2, 2015
Deferred tax assets:
Accrued warranty obligations	$	11,407		$	10,038
Vacation accrual	1,963			1,808
Net losses on investments	336			—
Deferred maintenance revenue	341			745
Allowance for excess and obsolete inventory	1,314			939
Equity compensation	745			828
Allowance for doubtful accounts	703			613
Inventory capitalization	595			531
Accrued compensation and benefits	1,015			1,124
Unrealized loss on foreign currency exchange	—			554
Net operating loss carry forwards	1,404			791
Research and development tax credit carry forwards	1,005			—
Other	617			344
	21,445			18,315
Valuation allowance	(1,673		)	(52		)
	19,772			18,263

Deferred tax liabilities:
Property and equipment	(7,988		)	(7,249		)
Prepaid expenses	(631		)	(577		)
Intangible assets	(1,479		)	—
Unrealized gain on foreign currency exchange	(931		)	—
Other	(60		)	(34		)
	(11,089		)	(7,860		)
	$	8,683		$	10,403

The classification of net deferred tax assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets is:



	April 30, 2016			May 2, 2015
Current assets	$	—		$	10,640
Current liabilities	—			—
Non-current assets	9,437			702
Non-current liabilities	(754		)	(939		)
	$	8,683		$	10,403

The changes in the amounts recorded for uncertain tax positions are:



	April 30, 2016			May 2, 2015			April 26, 2014
Balance at beginning of year	$	2,891		$	494		$	379
Gross increases related to prior period tax positions	137			6			16
Gross decreases related to prior period tax positions	—			—			—
Gross increases related to current period tax positions	8			2,496			99
Lapse of statute of limitations	(20		)	(105		)	—
Balance at end of year	$	3,016		$	2,891		$	494

All of our unrecognized tax benefits would have an impact on the effective tax rate if recognized. It is reasonably possible that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits could change due to one or more of the following events in the next 12 months: expiring statutes, audit activity, tax payments, or competent authority proceedings. We are not able to reasonably estimate the amount or the future periods in which changes in unrecognized tax benefits may be resolved; however, we do not anticipate any significant changes within the next 12 months. Interest and penalties incurred associated with uncertain tax positions are included in income tax expense.

Our fiscal 2014 financial results included a deferred asset tax valuation allowance of $2,297. The corresponding deferred tax asset was related to potential capital losses from an investment in an affiliate ("affiliate") that is a United States entity. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2014, we were notified that the affiliate had sold off a significant portion of its operations for a substantial loss. This loss puts us in doubt of any financial recovery of our investment in affiliate. Although the full capital loss of the affiliate has not yet been triggered under the Code, we have concluded that it would be more likely than not a capital loss if the affiliate goes out of business or we abandon the partnership. A tax court case solidified capital loss treatment versus ordinary gain treatment in abandonments. The Tax Court's decision in Pilgrim's Pride Corporation v. Commissioner and Code Sections 165 and 1234A state that loss deductions related to worthless security abandonments would be treated as a capital loss versus an ordinary loss.

In fiscal 2015, the Tax Court's decision in Pilgrim's Pride Corporation v. Commissioner was overturned by the federal Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals. Hence, we abandoned our partnership interest and recorded an ordinary loss on our 2015 federal tax return, thereby moving the asset and valuation allowance into our current tax provision and recording a current deduction. Because our position has a chance of being disallowed, we believe we cannot reach the more-likely-than not conclusion that this ordinary loss will be realized. Therefore, we have maintained an uncertain tax accrual. We will continue to evaluate the facts and circumstances of this case and adjust our accrual accordingly.

As of April 30, 2016, we have foreign net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards of approximately $6,428 primarily related to our operations in Belgium and Ireland which have indefinite lives. A portion of the total NOL amounting to $219 is related to operations in Canada and expires in 2036. A deferred tax asset has been recorded for all NOL carryforwards totaling approximately $1,404. However, due to uncertainty in future taxable income in Ireland and Belgium, a full valuation allowance totaling approximately $1,337 has been recorded. If sufficient evidence of our ability to generate future taxable income in the jurisdictions in which we currently maintain a valuation allowance causes us to determine that our deferred tax assets are more likely than not realizable, we would release our valuation allowance, which would result in an income tax benefit being recorded in our consolidated statement of operations.

Additional tax information:

In the normal course of business, income tax authorities in various income tax jurisdictions both within the United States and internationally conduct routine audits of our income tax returns filed in prior years. Income tax years are open for the United States jurisdiction for fiscal years 2013 through 2015. International jurisdictions have open tax years varying by location beginning in fiscal 2006.

We have no deferred tax liability recognized relating to our investment in foreign subsidiaries where the earnings have been indefinitely reinvested. If circumstances change and it becomes apparent that some or all of the undistributed untaxed earnings of a subsidiary will be remitted to the United States, we will accrue a tax expense at that time. We have approximately $9,067 of untaxed earnings which have indefinitely been reinvested. Determination of the amount of any unrecognized deferred income tax liability on these earnings is not practicable.

We recognized an expense of $232, $14 and $20 in net interest and penalties during the years ended April 30, 2016, May 2, 2015 and April 26, 2014, respectively. Interest and penalties recognized are recorded in income taxes in our consolidated statements of operations. We had accrued $94 and $16 in net interest or penalties as of April 30, 2016 and May 2, 2015, respectively.