10-Q 1 dakt_20171028xq2x10-q.htm 10-Q
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended October 28, 2017
or
o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ___ to ___.
Commission File Number: 0-23246
Daktronics, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

South Dakota |  | 46-0306862
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
201 Daktronics Drive Brookings, SD |  | 57006
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(605) 692-0200
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer o | Accelerated filer x
Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company o
| Emerging growth company o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x
The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of November 27, 2017 was 44,474,171.

DAKTRONICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
FORM 10-Q
For the Quarter Ended October 28, 2017
Table of Contents

|  |  | Page
Part I. | Financial Information |  | 1
Item 1. | Financial Statements |  | 1
| Consolidated Balance Sheets as of October 28, 2017 (unaudited) and April 29, 2017 |  | 1
| Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended October 28, 2017 and October 29, 2016 (unaudited) |  | 3
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Six Months Ended October 28, 2017 and October 29, 2016 (unaudited) |  | 4
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended October 28, 2017 and October 29, 2016 (unaudited) |  | 5
| Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements |  | 6
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  | 18
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk |  | 30
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures |  | 31
Part II. | Other Information |  | 31
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings |  | 31
Item 1A. | Risk Factors |  | 32
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |  | 32
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities |  | 32
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures |  | 33
Item 5. | Other Information |  | 33
Item 6. | Exhibits |  | 33
Signatures |  | 34
Index to Exhibits |  | 35

Table of contents
P ART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

DAKTRONICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (in thousands, except share data)
|  | October 28, 2017 |  | April 29, 2017
|  | (unaudited) |  |
ASSETS |  |  |  |
CURRENT ASSETS: |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 39,699 |  |  | $ | 32,623 |
Restricted cash |  | 27 |  |  | 216 |
Marketable securities |  | 21,787 |  |  | 32,713 |
Accounts receivable, net |  | 108,719 |  |  | 78,846 |
Inventories, net |  | 70,436 |  |  | 66,486 |
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings |  | 31,302 |  |  | 36,403 |
Current maturities of long-term receivables |  | 1,964 |  |  | 2,274 |
Prepaid expenses and other assets |  | 7,566 |  |  | 7,553 |
Income tax receivables |  | 1,725 |  |  | 611 |
Total current assets |  | 283,225 |  |  | 257,725 |
Long-term receivables, less current maturities |  | 2,208 |  |  | 2,616 |
Goodwill |  | 8,190 |  |  | 7,812 |
Intangibles, net |  | 4,338 |  |  | 4,705 |
Investment in affiliates and other assets |  | 4,730 |  |  | 4,534 |
Deferred income taxes |  | 11,287 |  |  | 11,292 |
|  | 30,753 |  |  | 30,959 |
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT: |  |  |  |  |  |
Land |  | 2,134 |  |  | 2,099 |
Buildings |  | 66,863 |  |  | 65,935 |
Machinery and equipment |  | 86,875 |  |  | 84,189 |
Office furniture and equipment |  | 5,642 |  |  | 5,604 |
Computer software and hardware |  | 53,316 |  |  | 51,523 |
Equipment held for rental |  | 287 |  |  | 374 |
Demonstration equipment |  | 7,143 |  |  | 7,109 |
Transportation equipment |  | 7,508 |  |  | 7,108 |
Property and equipment, net |  | 229,768 |  |  | 223,941 |
Less accumulated depreciation |  | 164,549 |  |  | 157,192 |
|  | 65,219 |  |  | 66,749 |
TOTAL ASSETS |  | $ | 379,197 |  |  | $ | 355,433 |
See notes to consolidated financial statements. |  |  |  |  |  |

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DAKTRONICS INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (continued) (in thousands, except share data)
|  | October 28, 2017 |  | April 29, 2017
|  | (unaudited) |  |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |
CURRENT LIABILITIES: |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 49,005 |  |  | $ | 51,499 |
Accrued expenses |  | 27,399 |  |  | 25,033 |
Warranty obligations |  | 15,400 |  |  | 13,578 |
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings |  | 16,561 |  |  | 10,897 |
Customer deposits (billed or collected) |  | 14,349 |  |  | 14,498 |
Deferred revenue (billed or collected) |  | 14,046 |  |  | 12,137 |
Current portion of other long-term obligations |  | 913 |  |  | 1,409 |
Income taxes payable |  | 1,334 |  |  | 1,544 |
Total current liabilities |  | 139,007 |  |  | 130,595 |
Long-term warranty obligations |  | 15,740 |  |  | 14,321 |
Long-term deferred revenue (billed or collected) |  | 6,835 |  |  | 5,434 |
Other long-term obligations |  | 2,333 |  |  | 2,848 |
Long-term income tax payable |  | 3,306 |  |  | 3,113 |
Deferred income taxes |  | 937 |  |  | 836 |
Total long-term liabilities |  | 29,151 |  |  | 26,552 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES |  | 168,158 |  |  | 157,147 |
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY: |  |  |  |  |  |
Common Stock, no par value, authorized 120,000,000 shares; 44,671,548 and 44,372,357 shares issued and outstanding at October 28, 2017 and April 29, 2017, respectively |  | 53,862 |  |  | 52,530 |
Additional paid-in capital |  | 39,034 |  |  | 38,004 |
Retained earnings |  | 123,330 |  |  | 113,967 |
Treasury Stock, at cost, 303,957 shares at October 28, 2017 and April 29, 2017, respectively |  | (1,834 | ) |  | (1,834 | )
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | (3,353 | ) |  | (4,381 | )
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY |  | 211,039 |  |  | 198,286 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY |  | $ | 379,197 |  |  | $ | 355,433 |
See notes to consolidated financial statements. |  |  |  |  |  |

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DAKTRONICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (in thousands, except per share data) (unaudited)
| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| October 28, 2017 |  | October 29, 2016 |  | October 28, 2017 |  | October 29, 2016
Net sales | $ | 169,309 |  |  | $ | 169,992 |  |  | $ | 342,037 |  |  | $ | 327,138 |
Cost of goods sold | 126,705 |  |  | 125,684 |  |  | 254,787 |  |  | 243,763 |
Gross profit | 42,604 |  |  | 44,308 |  |  | 87,250 |  |  | 83,375 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling expense | 15,350 |  |  | 15,891 |  |  | 30,289 |  |  | 31,150 |
General and administrative | 8,868 |  |  | 8,625 |  |  | 17,803 |  |  | 17,408 |
Product design and development | 8,948 |  |  | 7,126 |  |  | 17,995 |  |  | 14,169 |
| 33,166 |  |  | 31,642 |  |  | 66,087 |  |  | 62,727 |
Operating income | 9,438 |  |  | 12,666 |  |  | 21,163 |  |  | 20,648 |
Nonoperating income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 151 |  |  | 171 |  |  | 362 |  |  | 376 |
Interest expense | (47 | ) |  | (76 | ) |  | (133 | ) |  | (118 | )
Other (expense) income, net | (87 | ) |  | 149 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 55 |
Income before income taxes | 9,455 |  |  | 12,910 |  |  | 21,450 |  |  | 20,961 |
Income tax expense | 2,323 |  |  | 3,889 |  |  | 5,889 |  |  | 6,401 |
Net income | $ | 7,132 |  |  | $ | 9,021 |  |  | $ | 15,561 |  |  | $ | 14,560 |
Weighted average shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 44,412 |  |  | 43,988 |  |  | 44,345 |  |  | 44,051 |
Diluted | 44,679 |  |  | 44,098 |  |  | 44,696 |  |  | 44,168 |
Earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.16 |  |  | $ | 0.21 |  |  | $ | 0.35 |  |  | $ | 0.33 |
Diluted | $ | 0.16 |  |  | $ | 0.20 |  |  | $ | 0.35 |  |  | $ | 0.33 |
Cash dividends declared per share | $ | 0.07 |  |  | $ | 0.07 |  |  | $ | 0.14 |  |  | $ | 0.17 |
See notes to consolidated financial statements. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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DAKTRONICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (in thousands) (unaudited)
|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
|  | October 28, 2017 |  | October 29, 2016 |  | October 28, 2017 |  | October 29, 2016
Net income |  | $ | 7,132 |  |  | $ | 9,021 |  |  | $ | 15,561 |  |  | $ | 14,560 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cumulative translation adjustments |  | (20 | ) |  | (509 | ) |  | 1,061 |  |  | (1,440 | )
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, net of tax |  | (26 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (33 | ) |  | (4 | )
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax |  | (46 | ) |  | (511 | ) |  | 1,028 |  |  | (1,444 | )
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 7,086 |  |  | $ | 8,510 |  |  | $ | 16,589 |  |  | $ | 13,116 |
See notes to consolidated financial statements. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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DAKTRONICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (in thousands) (unaudited)
| Six Months Ended
| October 28, 2017 |  | October 29, 2016
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 15,561 |  |  | $ | 14,560 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 8,902 |  |  | 9,242 |
Impairment of intangible assets | — |  |  | 830 |
(Gain) loss on sale of property, equipment and other assets | (1,221 | ) |  | 33 |
Share-based compensation | 1,341 |  |  | 1,484 |
Equity in loss of affiliate | 191 |  |  | — |
Provision for doubtful accounts | (21 | ) |  | 962 |
Deferred income taxes, net | 81 |  |  | (48 | )
Change in operating assets and liabilities | (15,496 | ) |  | (12,049 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities | 9,338 |  |  | 15,014 |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment | (7,735 | ) |  | (4,625 | )
Proceeds from sale of property, equipment and other assets | 2,000 |  |  | 72 |
Purchases of marketable securities | — |  |  | (4,583 | )
Proceeds from sales or maturities of marketable securities | 10,802 |  |  | 11,328 |
Purchases of equity investment | (607 | ) |  | (562 | )
Net cash provided by investing activities | 4,460 |  |  | 1,630 |
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |
Payments on notes payable | — |  |  | (6 | )
Proceeds from exercise of stock options | 511 |  |  | 102 |
Principal payments on long-term obligations | (1,027 | ) |  | (904 | )
Dividends paid | (6,197 | ) |  | (7,482 | )
Payments for common shares repurchased | — |  |  | (1,825 | )
Tax payments related to RSU issuances | (311 | ) |  | (213 | )
Net cash used in financing activities | (7,024 | ) |  | (10,328 | )
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES | 113 |  |  | (591 | )
NET INCREASE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH | 6,887 |  |  | 5,725 |
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH: |  |  |  |  |
Beginning of period | 32,839 |  |  | 28,526 |
End of period | $ | 39,726 |  |  | $ | 34,251 |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |  |  |
Cash payments for: |  |  |  |  |
Interest | $ | 134 |  |  | $ | 153 |
Income taxes, net of refunds | 6,934 |  |  | 1,170 |
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Demonstration equipment transferred to inventory | 48 |  |  | 218 |
Purchase of property and equipment included in accounts payable | 1,312 |  |  | 295 |
Contributions of common stock under the ESPP | 820 |  |  | — |
See notes to consolidated financial statements. |  |  |  |  |

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NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(in thousands, except per share data)
(unaudited)
Note 1. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Critical Accounting Policies
In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary to fairly present our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions affecting the reported amounts therein. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results in future periods may differ from those estimates.
Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted. The balance sheet at April 29, 2017 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but it does not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended April 29, 2017, which are contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full fiscal year.
Daktronics, Inc. operates on a 52- to 53-week fiscal year, with our fiscal year ending on the Saturday closest to April 30 of each year. When April 30 falls on a Wednesday, the fiscal year ends on the preceding Saturday. Within each fiscal year, each quarter is comprised of 13-week periods following the beginning of each fiscal year. In each 53-week year, an additional week is added to the first quarter, and each of the last three quarters is comprised of a 13-week period. The six months ended October 28, 2017 and October 29, 2016 contained operating results for 26-weeks.
Investments in affiliates over which we have significant influence are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. Investments in affiliates over which we do not have the ability to exert significant influence over the affiliate's operating and financing activities are accounted for under the cost method of accounting. We have evaluated our relationships with our affiliates and have determined that these entities are not variable interest entities.
The aggregate amount of investments accounted for under the equity method was $3,093 and $2,678 at October 28, 2017 and April 29, 2017, respectively. The equity method requires us to report our share of losses up to our equity investment amount. Cash paid for investments in affiliates is included in the "Purchases of equity investment" line item in our consolidated statements of cash flows. Our proportional share of the respective affiliate’s earnings or losses is included in the "Other (expense) income, net" line item in our consolidated statements of operations. For the six months ended October 28, 2017, our share of the losses of our affiliates was $191.
The aggregate amount of investments accounted for under the cost method was $42 at October 28, 2017 and April 29, 2017, respectively. There have not been any identified events or changes in circumstances that may have a significant adverse effect on their fair value, and it is not practical to estimate their fair value.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Accounting Standards Adopted
In August 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which reduces the diversity in practice in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. We early adopted ASU 2016-15 during the second quarter of fiscal 2018. Adoption of ASU 2016-15 did not have a material impact on our current period consolidated financial statements.
In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, Restricted Cash, which requires that the statements of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash. Accordingly, restricted cash will be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts presented on the statements of cash flows. We early-adopted ASU 2016-18 during the second quarter of fiscal 2018 and applied its provisions retrospectively. Other than the change in presentation within the statements of cash flows, the adoption of ASU 2016-18 did not have an impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted
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In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), which simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by removing the second step of the two-step impairment test. The amendment requires an entity to perform its annual, or interim goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. A goodwill impairment will be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. ASU 2017-04 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and will require adoption on a prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. We are currently evaluating the effect that adopting ASU 2017-04 will have on our consolidated results of operations, cash flows, and financial position.
In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740) Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory, which is intended to improve the accounting for the income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. Current U.S. GAAP prohibits the recognition of current and deferred income taxes for an intra-entity asset transfer until the asset has been sold to an outside party, which is an exception to the principle of comprehensive recognition of current and deferred income taxes in U.S. GAAP. This update eliminates the exception by requiring entities to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. ASU 2016-16 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the effect that adopting ASU 2016-16 will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which provides guidance regarding the measurement and recognition of credit impairment for certain financial assets. ASU 2016-13 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the effect that adopting ASU 2016-13 will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both parties to a contract (that is, lessees and lessors). ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase of the leased asset by the lessee. This classification will determine whether the lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. ASU 2016-02 requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing leases and operating leases. ASU 2016-02 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the effect that adopting ASU 2016-02 will have on our consolidated results of operations, cash flows, and financial position.
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASU 2014-09 is a comprehensive revenue recognition model that requires a company to recognize revenue from the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration that the entity expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. The FASB has also issued ASUs 2016-08, 2016-10, 2016-12, and 2016-20 to clarify guidance with respect to principal versus agent considerations and the identification of performance obligations and licensing, to issue guidance on certain narrow areas, and to add practical expedients. We will adopt ASU 2014-09 and related guidance during the first quarter of fiscal 2019. We have commenced a process to evaluate the impact of ASU 2014-09 on our contracts, including identifying potential differences that would result from applying the requirements of ASU 2014-09. In fiscal 2017, we made progress in reviewing our various types of revenue arrangements, and completed our preliminary assessment of all performance obligations. We have drafted accounting policies and are evaluating the disclosure requirements of ASU 2014-09 on our business processes, controls and systems. We plan to finalize our assessment during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018 and provide training to those impacted in the organization. As a result of the review performed to date, we do not anticipate that the adoption will significantly change the timing or amount of revenue recognized, based upon our current assessment of ‘point in time’ and ‘over time’ revenue recognition. Therefore, we do not anticipate that the adoption of ASU 2014-09 will materially impact our consolidated results of operations and financial statements, other than the additional disclosure requirements.
Note 2. Earnings Per Share ("EPS")
Basic EPS is computed by dividing income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution which may occur if securities or other obligations to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock which share in our earnings.
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The following is a reconciliation of the net income and common share amounts used in the calculation of basic and diluted EPS for the three and six months ended October 28, 2017 and October 29, 2016:

| Net income |  | Shares |  | Per share income
For the three months ended October 28, 2017 |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per share | $ | 7,132 |  |  | 44,412 |  |  | $ | 0.16 |
Dilution associated with stock compensation plans | — |  |  | 267 |  |  | — |
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 7,132 |  |  | 44,679 |  |  | $ | 0.16 |
For the three months ended October 29, 2016 |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per share | $ | 9,021 |  |  | 43,988 |  |  | $ | 0.21 |
Dilution associated with stock compensation plans | — |  |  | 110 |  |  | (0.01 | )
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 9,021 |  |  | 44,098 |  |  | $ | 0.20 |
For the six months ended October 28, 2017 |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per share | $ | 15,561 |  |  | 44,345 |  |  | $ | 0.35 |
Dilution associated with stock compensation plans | — |  |  | 351 |  |  | — |
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 15,561 |  |  | 44,696 |  |  | $ | 0.35 |
For the six months ended October 29, 2016 |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per share | $ | 14,560 |  |  | 44,051 |  |  | $ | 0.33 |
Dilution associated with stock compensation plans | — |  |  | 117 |  |  | — |
Diluted earnings per share | $ | 14,560 |  |  | 44,168 |  |  | $ | 0.33 |

Options outstanding to purchase 1,303 shares of common stock with a weighted average exercise price of $13.08 for the three months ended October 28, 2017 and 2,162 shares of common stock with a weighted average exercise price of $14.56 for the three months ended October 29, 2016 were not included in the computation of diluted (loss) earnings per share because the effects would be anti-dilutive.
Options outstanding to purchase 1,312 shares of common stock with a weighted average exercise price of $13.08 for the six months ended October 28, 2017 and 2,655 shares of common stock with a weighted average exercise price of $13.41 for the six months ended October 29, 2016 were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effects would be anti-dilutive.
Note 3. Share Repurchase Program
On June 17, 2016, our Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program under which Daktronics, Inc. may purchase up to $40,000 of its outstanding shares of common stock. Under this program, we may repurchase shares from time to time in open market transactions and in privately negotiated transactions based on business, market, applicable legal requirements and other considerations. The repurchase program does not require the repurchase of a specific number of shares and may be terminated at any time. During the first and second quarter of fiscal 2018, we had no repurchases of shares of our outstanding common stock. During the first quarter of fiscal 2017, we repurchased 284 shares of common stock at a total cost of $1,825, and there were no other purchases during fiscal 2017. As of October 28, 2017, we had $38,175 of remaining capacity under our current share repurchase program.
Note 4. Segment Disclosure
We have organized our business into five segments which meet the definition of reportable segments under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 280-10, Segment Reporting: Commercial, Live Events, High School Park and Recreation, Transportation, and International. These segments are based on the type of customer or geography and are the same as our business units.
Our Commercial business unit primarily consists of sales of our video display systems, digital billboards, Galaxy® and Fuelight™ product lines to resellers (primarily sign companies), Out-of-Home ("OOH") companies, national retailers, quick-serve restaurants, casinos and petroleum retailers. Our Live Events business unit primarily consists of sales of integrated scoring and video display systems to college and professional sports facilities and convention centers and sales of our mobile display technology to video rental organizations and other live events type venues. Our High School Park and Recreation business unit primarily consists of sales of scoring systems, Galaxy® displays and video display systems to primary and secondary education facilities. Our Transportation business unit primarily consists of sales of our Vanguard® and Galaxy® product lines to governmental transportation departments, airlines and other transportation related customers. Our International business unit consists of sales of all product lines outside the United States and Canada. In our International business unit, we focus on product lines related to integrated scoring and video display systems for sports and commercial applications, OOH advertising products, and European transportation related products.
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Our segment reporting presents results through gross profit less selling costs. Gross profit is net sales less cost of goods sold. Cost of goods sold consists primarily of inventory, consumables, salaries, other employee-related costs, facilities-related costs for manufacturing locations, machinery and equipment maintenance and depreciation, site sub-contractors, warranty costs, and other service delivery expenses. Selling expenses consist primarily of salaries, other employee-related costs, travel and entertainment expenses, facilities-related costs for sales and service offices, bad debt expenses, third-party commissions and expenditures for marketing efforts, including the costs of collateral materials, conventions and trade shows, product demos, and supplies. Segment profit excludes general and administration expense, product development expense, interest income and expense, non-operating income and income tax expense. Assets are not allocated to the segments. Depreciation and amortization are allocated to each segment based on various financial measures; however, some depreciation and amortization are corporate in nature and remain unallocated. Our segments follow the same accounting policies as those described in Note 1 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 29, 2017. Unabsorbed manufacturing costs are allocated to the business unit benefiting most from that manufacturing location's production capabilities. Unabsorbed costs of domestic field sales and services infrastructure, including most field administrative staff, are allocated to the Commercial, Live Events, High School Park and Recreation, and Transportation business units based on cost of sales. Shared manufacturing, buildings and utilities, and procurement costs are allocated based on payroll dollars, square footage and various other financial measures.
We do not maintain information on sales by products; therefore, disclosure of such information is not practical.
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The following table sets forth certain financial information for each of our five operating segments for the periods indicated:

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| October 28, 2017 |  | October 29, 2016 |  | October 28, 2017 |  | October 29, 2016
Net sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | $ | 34,377 |  |  | $ | 39,923 |  |  | $ | 67,240 |  |  | $ | 76,177 |
Live Events | 68,653 |  |  | 55,363 |  |  | 146,265 |  |  | 115,996 |
High School Park and Recreation | 29,660 |  |  | 28,707 |  |  | 58,139 |  |  | 56,324 |
Transportation | 16,476 |  |  | 16,101 |  |  | 35,388 |  |  | 30,387 |
International | 20,143 |  |  | 29,898 |  |  | 35,005 |  |  | 48,254 |
| 169,309 |  |  | 169,992 |  |  | 342,037 |  |  | 327,138 |
Gross profit: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 5,271 |  |  | 10,552 |  |  | 13,539 |  |  | 19,707 |
Live Events | 16,255 |  |  | 11,625 |  |  | 33,309 |  |  | 23,801 |
High School Park and Recreation | 10,553 |  |  | 9,242 |  |  | 20,904 |  |  | 18,702 |
Transportation | 6,181 |  |  | 5,799 |  |  | 13,126 |  |  | 10,641 |
International | 4,344 |  |  | 7,090 |  |  | 6,372 |  |  | 10,524 |
| 42,604 |  |  | 44,308 |  |  | 87,250 |  |  | 83,375 |
Selling expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 4,669 |  |  | 4,715 |  |  | 9,363 |  |  | 9,374 |
Live Events | 3,401 |  |  | 2,967 |  |  | 6,719 |  |  | 6,269 |
High School Park and Recreation | 2,743 |  |  | 2,491 |  |  | 5,347 |  |  | 4,951 |
Transportation | 1,102 |  |  | 1,268 |  |  | 2,139 |  |  | 2,509 |
International | 3,435 |  |  | 4,450 |  |  | 6,721 |  |  | 8,047 |
| 15,350 |  |  | 15,891 |  |  | 30,289 |  |  | 31,150 |
Non-allocated operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General and administrative | 8,868 |  |  | 8,625 |  |  | 17,803 |  |  | 17,408 |
Product design and development | 8,948 |  |  | 7,126 |  |  | 17,995 |  |  | 14,169 |
Operating income | 9,438 |  |  | 12,666 |  |  | 21,163 |  |  | 20,648 |
Nonoperating income (expense): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 151 |  |  | 171 |  |  | 362 |  |  | 376 |
Interest expense | (47 | ) |  | (76 | ) |  | (133 | ) |  | (118 | )
Other (expense) income, net | (87 | ) |  | 149 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 55 |
Income before income taxes | 9,455 |  |  | 12,910 |  |  | 21,450 |  |  | 20,961 |
Income tax expense | 2,323 |  |  | 3,889 |  |  | 5,889 |  |  | 6,401 |
Net income | $ | 7,132 |  |  | $ | 9,021 |  |  | $ | 15,561 |  |  | $ | 14,560 |
Depreciation, amortization and impairment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | $ | 1,544 |  |  | $ | 1,594 |  |  | $ | 3,078 |  |  | $ | 3,161 |
Live Events | 1,196 |  |  | 1,273 |  |  | 2,434 |  |  | 2,553 |
High School Park and Recreation | 422 |  |  | 451 |  |  | 844 |  |  | 889 |
Transportation | 285 |  |  | 324 |  |  | 579 |  |  | 646 |
International | 270 |  |  | 1,162 |  |  | 551 |  |  | 1,491 |
Unallocated corporate depreciation | 725 |  |  | 668 |  |  | 1,416 |  |  | 1,332 |
| $ | 4,442 |  |  | $ | 5,472 |  |  | $ | 8,902 |  |  | $ | 10,072 |

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No single geographic area comprises a material amount of our net sales or property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation, other than the United States. The following table presents information about net sales and property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation, in the United States and elsewhere:

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| October 28, 2017 |  | October 29, 2016 |  | October 28, 2017 |  | October 29, 2016
Net sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 143,856 |  |  | $ | 134,574 |  |  | $ | 297,858 |  |  | $ | 269,592 |
Outside U.S. | 25,453 |  |  | 35,418 |  |  | 44,179 |  |  | 57,546 |
| $ | 169,309 |  |  | $ | 169,992 |  |  | $ | 342,037 |  |  | $ | 327,138 |
| October 28, 2017 |  | April 29, 2017 |  |  |  |
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 59,458 |  |  | $ | 62,425 |  |  |  |  |  |
Outside U.S. | 5,761 |  |  | 4,324 |  |  |  |  |
| $ | 65,219 |  |  | $ | 66,749 |  |  |  |  |  |

We have numerous customers worldwide for sales of our products and services; therefore, we are not economically dependent on a limited number of customers for the sale of our products and services except with respect to our dependence on two major digital billboard customers in our Commercial business unit.
Note 5. Marketable Securities
We have a cash management program which provides for the investment of cash balances not used in current operations. We classify our investments in marketable securities as available-for-sale in accordance with the provisions of ASC 320, Investments – Debt and Equity Securities. Marketable securities classified as available-for-sale are reported at fair value with unrealized gains or losses, net of tax, reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss. As it relates to fixed income marketable securities, it is not likely we will be required to sell any of these investments before recovery of the entire amortized cost basis. In addition, as of October 28, 2017, we anticipate we will recover the entire amortized cost basis of such fixed income securities, and we have determined no other-than-temporary impairments associated with credit losses were required to be recognized. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. Where quoted market prices are not available, we use the market price of similar types of securities traded in the market to estimate fair value.
As of October 28, 2017 and April 29, 2017, our available-for-sale securities consisted of the following:

| Amortized Cost |  | Unrealized Gains |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value
Balance as of October 28, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Certificates of deposit | $ | 9,419 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9,419 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities | 6,667 |  |  | — |  |  | (36 | ) |  | 6,631 |
Municipal bonds | 5,732 |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,737 |
| $ | 21,818 |  |  | $ | 5 |  |  | $ | (36 | ) |  | $ | 21,787 |
Balance as of April 29, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Certificates of deposit | $ | 12,487 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12,487 |
U.S. Government securities | 400 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 400 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities | 12,260 |  |  | — |  |  | (22 | ) |  | 12,238 |
Municipal bonds | 7,574 |  |  | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,588 |
| $ | 32,721 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | (22 | ) |  | $ | 32,713 |

Realized gains or losses on investments are recorded in our consolidated statements of operations as other income (expense), net. Upon the sale of a security classified as available-for-sale, the security’s specific unrealized gain (loss) is reclassified out of "accumulated other comprehensive loss" into earnings based on the specific identification method. In the six months ended October 28, 2017 and October 29, 2016, the reclassifications from accumulated other comprehensive loss to earnings were immaterial.
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All available-for-sale securities are classified as current assets, as they are readily available to support our current operating needs. The contractual maturities of available-for-sale debt securities as of October 28, 2017 were as follows:

| Less than 12 months |  | 1-5 Years |  | Total
Certificates of deposit | $ | 6,194 |  |  | $ | 3,225 |  |  | $ | 9,419 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities | 998 |  |  | 5,633 |  |  | 6,631 |
Municipal bonds | 2,726 |  |  | 3,011 |  |  | 5,737 |
| $ | 9,918 |  |  | $ | 11,869 |  |  | $ | 21,787 |

Note 6. Business Combinations
ADFLOW Acquisition
We have a contingent liability related to a prior year acquisition of ADFLOW Networks, Inc. ("ADFLOW"), on March 15, 2016. For more information related to the ADFLOW acquisition, see "Note 4. Business Combinations" of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 29, 2017. The fair value of such contingent consideration is estimated as of the acquisition date, and subsequently at the end of each reporting period, using forecasted cash flows. Projecting future cash flows requires us to make significant estimates and assumptions regarding future events, conditions, or revenues being achieved under the subject contingent agreement as well as the appropriate discount rate. Such valuation techniques include one or more significant inputs that are not observable. "See Note 13. Fair Value Measurement" for more information.
Note 7. Sale of Non-Digital Division
In September 2017, we sold our non-digital division assets, primarily consisting of inventory, non-digital manufacturing equipment, patented and unpatented technology and know-how, customer lists, and backlog, net of warranty obligations and accounts payable with a net book value of $517. We recorded a gain of $1,267 on the disposal, which is included in cost of goods sold in the International business unit.
Note 8. Goodwill
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill related to each reportable segment for the six months ended October 28, 2017 were as follows:

| Live Events |  | Commercial |  | Transportation |  | International |  | Total
Balance as of April 29, 2017 | $ | 2,274 |  |  | $ | 3,199 |  |  | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | 2,294 |  |  | $ | 7,812 |
Foreign currency translation | 22 |  |  | 153 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 180 |  |  | 378 |
Balance as of October 28, 2017 | $ | 2,296 |  |  | $ | 3,352 |  |  | $ | 68 |  |  | $ | 2,474 |  |  | $ | 8,190 |

We perform an analysis of goodwill on an annual basis, and it is tested for impairment more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that an asset might be impaired. We complete this annual analysis during our third quarter of each fiscal year, based on the goodwill amount as of the first business day of our third fiscal quarter. The result of our analysis indicated no goodwill impairment existed as of October 30, 2016, which was the first business day of our third quarter of fiscal 2017. We are currently in the process of completing this annual analysis based on the goodwill amount as of the first business day of our third quarter of fiscal 2018.
Note 9. Inventories
Inventories consisted of the following:

| October 28, 2017 |  | April 29, 2017
Raw materials | $ | 26,650 |  |  | $ | 24,801 |
Work-in-process | 10,887 |  |  | 7,366 |
Finished goods | 32,899 |  |  | 34,319 |
| $ | 70,436 |  |  | $ | 66,486 |

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Note 10. Receivables
Accounts receivable are reported net of an allowance for doubtful accounts of $2,529 and $2,610 at October 28, 2017 and April 29, 2017, respectively. Included in accounts receivable as of October 28, 2017 and April 29, 2017 was $1,454 and $1,857, respectively, of retainage on construction-type contracts, all of which is expected to be collected within one year.
In connection with certain sales transactions, we have entered into sales contracts with installment payments exceeding twelve months and sales-type leases. The present value of these contracts and leases is recorded as a receivable as the revenue is recognized in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and profit is recognized to the extent the present value is in excess of cost. We generally retain a security interest in the equipment or in the cash flow generated by the equipment until the contract is paid. The present value of long-term contracts and lease receivables, including accrued interest and current maturities, was $4,172 and $4,890 as of October 28, 2017 and April 29, 2017, respectively. Contract and lease receivables bearing annual interest rates of 4.8 to 10.0 percent are due in varying annual installments through 2024. The face amount of long-term receivables was $4,213 and $5,201 as of October 28, 2017 and April 29, 2017, respectively.
Note 11. Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation: We are a party to legal proceedings and claims which arise during the ordinary course of business. We review our legal proceedings and claims, regulatory reviews and inspections, and other legal matters on an ongoing basis and follow appropriate accounting guidance when making accrual and disclosure decisions. We establish accruals for those contingencies when the incurrence of a loss is probable and can be reasonably estimated, and we disclose the amount accrued and the amount of a reasonably possible loss in excess of the amount accrued, if such disclosure is necessary for our financial statements to not be misleading. We do not record an accrual when the likelihood of loss being incurred is probable, but the amount cannot be reasonably estimated, or when the loss is believed to be only reasonably possible or remote, although disclosures will be made for material matters as required by ASC 450-20, Contingencies - Loss Contingencies. Our assessment of whether a loss is reasonably possible or probable is based on our assessment and consultation with legal counsel regarding the ultimate outcome of the matter following all appeals.
As of October 28, 2017 and April 29, 2017, we did not believe there was a reasonable probability that any material loss for these various claims or legal actions, including reviews, inspections or other legal proceedings, if any, would be incurred. Accordingly, no material accrual or disclosure of a potential range of loss has been made related to these matters. In the opinion of management, the ultimate liability of all unresolved legal proceedings is not expected to have a material effect on our financial position, liquidity or capital resources.
Warranties: We offer a standard parts coverage warranty for periods varying from one to five years for most of our products. We also offer additional types of warranties to include on-site labor, routine maintenance and event support. In addition, the terms of warranties on some installations can vary from one to 10 years. The specific terms and conditions of these warranties vary primarily depending on the type of the product sold. We estimate the costs which may be incurred under the contractual warranty obligations and record a liability in the amount of such estimated costs at the time the revenue is recognized. Factors affecting our estimate of the cost of our warranty obligations include historical experience and expectations of future conditions. We continually assess the adequacy of our recorded warranty accruals and, to the extent we experience any changes in warranty claim activity or costs associated with servicing those claims, our accrued warranty obligation is adjusted accordingly.
During fiscal 2016, we discovered a warranty issue caused by a mechanical device failure within a module for displays primarily in our OOH applications built prior to fiscal 2013. The device failure causes a visual defect in the display. Over the past three years, we have deployed preventative maintenance to sites impacted and repaired the defective devices in our repair center. When certain site locations have exceeded an acceptable failure rate, we have refurbished the display to meet customers’ expectations under contractual obligations. During fiscal 2017, 2016, and 2015 we recognized warranty expense for probable and reasonably estimated costs to remediate this issue of $1,766, $9,174, and $1,168, respectively. We recognized warranty expense related to this issue of $3,439 during the six months ended October 28, 2017. This increased expense level is not the result of a new issue, but is primarily based on our decision to preserve our market leadership. We elected to expand the refurbishments for customer relationship purposes. As of October 28, 2017, we had $4,380 remaining in accrued warranty obligations for the estimate of probable future claims related to this issue. Although many of our contractual warranty arrangements are nearing expiration for products with this issue, we may incur additional discretionary costs to maintain customer relationships or for higher than expected failure rates. Accordingly, it is possible that the ultimate cost to resolve this matter may increase and be materially different from the amount of the current estimate and accrual.
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Changes in our warranty obligation for the six months ended October 28, 2017 consisted of the following:

|  |  | Amount
Beginning accrued warranty obligations |  |  | $ | 27,899 |
Warranties issued during the period |  |  | 6,958 |
Settlements made during the period |  |  | (8,260 | )
Changes in accrued warranty obligations for pre-existing warranties during the period, including expirations |  |  | 4,543 |
Ending accrued warranty obligations |  |  | $ | 31,140 |

Performance guarantees: We have entered into standby letters of credit and surety bonds with financial institutions relating to the guarantee of our future performance on contracts, primarily construction type contracts. As of October 28, 2017, we had outstanding letters of credit and surety bonds in the amount of $8,841 and $10,333, respectively. Performance guarantees are issued to certain customers to guarantee the operation and installation of the equipment and our ability to complete a contract. These performance guarantees have various terms, which are generally one year.
Leases: We lease vehicles, office space and equipment for various global sales and service locations, including manufacturing space in the United States and China. Some of these leases, including the lease for manufacturing facilities in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, include provisions for extensions or purchase. The lease for the facilities in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, can be extended for an additional five years past its current term, which ends March 31, 2022, and it contains an option to purchase the property subject to the lease from March 31, 2017 to March 31, 2022 for $9,000, which approximates fair value. If the lease is extended, the purchase option increases to $9,090 for the year ending March 31, 2023 and $9,180 for the year ending March 31, 2024. Rental expense for operating leases was $1,715 and $1,614 for the six months ended October 28, 2017 and October 29, 2016, respectively.
Future minimum payments under noncancelable operating leases, excluding executory costs such as management and maintenance fees, with initial or remaining terms of one year or more consisted of the following at October 28, 2017:

Fiscal years ending |  | Amount
2018 |  | $ | 1,482 |
2019 |  | 2,369 |
2020 |  | 1,899 |
2021 |  | 1,640 |
2022 |  | 1,334 |
Thereafter |  | 404 |
|  | $ | 9,128 |

Purchase commitments: From time to time, we commit to purchase inventory, advertising, cloud-based information systems, information technology maintenance and support services, and various other products and services over periods that extend beyond one year. As of October 28, 2017, we were obligated under the following conditional and unconditional purchase commitments, which included $350 in conditional purchase commitments:

Fiscal years ending |  | Amount
2018 |  | $ | 1,682 |
2019 |  | 2,345 |
2020 |  | 1,668 |
2021 |  | 253 |
2022 |  | 143 |
Thereafter |  | 380 |
|  | $ | 6,471 |

Note 12. Income Taxes
We are subject to U.S. Federal income tax as well as income taxes of multiple state and foreign jurisdictions. Due to various factors and operating in multiple state and foreign jurisdictions, our effective tax rate is subject to fluctuation. As a result of the completion of examinations by the Internal Revenue Service on prior years and the expiration of statutes of limitations, our fiscal years 2014, 2015, and 2016 are the remaining years open under statutes of limitations. Certain subsidiaries are also subject to income tax in several foreign jurisdictions which have open tax years varying by jurisdiction beginning in fiscal 2007.
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As of October 28, 2017, we had $3,306 of unrecognized tax benefits which would reduce our effective tax rate if recognized.
Note 13. Fair Value Measurement
ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. It also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The fair value hierarchy within ASC 820 distinguishes between the following three levels of inputs which may be utilized when measuring fair value.
Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2 - Observable inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 for the assets or liabilities, either directly or indirectly (for example, quoted market prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets not considered to be active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, or market-corroborated input).
Level 3 - Unobservable inputs supported by little or no market activity based on our own assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities.
The following table sets forth by Level within the fair value hierarchy our financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis at October 28, 2017 and April 29, 2017 according to the valuation techniques we used to determine their fair values. There have been no transfers of assets or liabilities among the fair value hierarchies presented.

| Fair Value Measurements
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Balance as of October 28, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 39,699 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 39,699 |
Restricted cash | 27 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27 |
Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Certificates of deposit | — |  |  | 9,419 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,419 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities | — |  |  | 6,631 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,631 |
Municipal bonds | — |  |  | 5,737 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,737 |
Derivatives - asset position | — |  |  | 76 |  |  | — |  |  | 76 |
Derivatives - liability position | — |  |  | (269 | ) |  | — |  |  | (269 | )
Contingent liability | — |  |  | — |  |  | (986 | ) |  | (986 | )
| $ | 39,726 |  |  | $ | 21,594 |  |  | $ | (986 | ) |  | $ | 60,334 |
Balance as of April 29, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 32,623 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 32,623 |
Restricted cash | 216 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 216 |
Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Certificates of deposit | — |  |  | 12,487 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,487 |
U.S. Government securities | 400 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 400 |
U.S. Government sponsored entities | — |  |  | 12,238 |  |  | — |  |  | 12,238 |
Municipal bonds | — |  |  | 7,588 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,588 |
Derivatives - asset position | — |  |  | 64 |  |  | — |  |  | 64 |
Derivatives - liability position | — |  |  | (277 | ) |  | — |  |  | (277 | )
Contingent liability | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,891 | ) |  | (1,891 | )
| $ | 33,239 |  |  | $ | 32,100 |  |  | $ | (1,891 | ) |  | $ | 63,448 |

A roll forward of the Level 3 contingent liability, both short- and long-term, for the six months ended October 28, 2017 is as follows:

Contingent liability as of April 29, 2017 |  | $ | 1,891 |
Settlements |  | (1,009 | )
Interest |  | 20 |
Foreign currency translation |  | 84 |
Contingent liability as of October 28, 2017 |  | $ | 986 |

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The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument. There have been no changes in the valuation techniques used by us to value our financial instruments.
Cash and cash equivalents: Consists of cash on hand in bank deposits and highly liquid investments, primarily money market accounts. The fair value was measured using quoted market prices in active markets. The carrying amount approximates fair value.
Restricted cash: Consists of cash and cash equivalents held in bank deposit accounts to secure issuances of foreign bank guarantees. The fair value of restricted cash was measured using quoted market prices in active markets. The carrying amount approximates fair value.
Certificates of deposit: Consists of time deposit accounts with original maturities of less than three years and various yields. The fair value of these securities was measured based on valuations observed in less active markets than Level 1 investments from a third-party financial institution. The carrying amount approximates fair value.
U.S. Government securities: Consists of U.S. Government treasury bills, notes, and bonds with original maturities of less than three years and various yields. The fair value of these securities was measured using quoted market prices in active markets.
U.S. Government sponsored entities: Consists of Fannie Mae and Federal Home Loan Bank investment grade debt securities trading with sufficient frequency and volume to enable us to obtain pricing information on an ongoing basis. The fair value of these securities was measured based on valuations observed in less active markets than Level 1 investments. The contractual maturities of these investments vary from one month to three years.
Municipal bonds: Consist of investment grade municipal bonds trading with sufficient frequency and volume to enable us to obtain pricing information on an ongoing basis. The contractual maturities of these investments vary from two to three years. The fair value of these bonds was measured based on valuations observed in less active markets than Level 1 investments.
Derivatives – currency forward contracts: Consists of currency forward contracts trading with sufficient frequency and volume to enable us to obtain pricing information on an ongoing basis. The fair value of these securities was measured based on a valuation from a third-party bank. See "Note 14. Derivative Financial Instruments" for more information regarding our derivatives.
Contingent liability: Consists of the fair value of a liability measured on expected future payments relating to a business acquisition if future financial performance measures are achieved. The contingent liability was calculated by estimating the discounted present value of expected future payments for estimated performance measure attainment. To estimate future performance measure attainment, we utilized significant unobservable inputs as of October 28, 2017 and April 29, 2017. The unobservable inputs included management expectations and forecasts for business performance and an estimated discount rate based on current borrowing interest rates. To the extent that these assumptions changed or actual results differed from these estimates, the fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities could change. The contingent liability is presented in other long-term obligations in our consolidated balance sheets.
Non-recurring measurements: The fair value measurement standard also applies to certain non-financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Certain long-lived assets such as goodwill, intangible assets and property, plant and equipment are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances, such as when there is evidence of impairment.
Other measurements using fair value: Some of our financial instruments, such as accounts receivable, long-term receivables, prepaid expense and other assets, costs and earnings in excess of billings and billings in excess of costs, accounts payable, warranty obligations, customer deposits, deferred revenue, and other long-term obligations, are reflected in the balance sheet at carrying value, which approximates fair value due to their short-term nature.
Note 14. Derivative Financial Instruments
We utilize derivative financial instruments to manage the economic impact of fluctuations in currency exchange rates on those transactions denominated in currencies other than our functional currency, which is the U.S. dollar. We enter into currency forward contracts to manage these economic risks. We account for all derivatives on the balance sheet within accounts receivable or accounts payable measured at fair value, and changes in fair values are recognized in earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria are met for cash flow or net investment hedges. As of October 28, 2017 and April 29, 2017, we had not designated any of our derivative instruments as accounting hedges, and thus we recorded the changes in fair value in other income (expense), net.
The foreign currency exchange contracts in aggregated notional amounts in place to exchange U.S. dollars at October 28, 2017 and April 29, 2017 were as follows:
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| October 28, 2017 |  | April 29, 2017
| U.S. Dollars |  | Foreign Currency |  | U.S. Dollars |  | Foreign Currency
Foreign Currency Exchange Forward Contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Dollars/Australian Dollars | 3,993 |  |  | 5,219 |  |  | 7,984 |  |  | 10,669 |
U.S. Dollars/Canadian Dollars | 1,127 |  |  | 1,481 |  |  | 256 |  |  | 345 |
U.S. Dollars/British Pounds | (140 | ) |  | — |  |  | 4,936 |  |  | 3,959 |
U.S. Dollars/Singapore Dollars | — |  |  | — |  |  | 605 |  |  | 844 |
U.S. Dollars/Euros | 2,271 |  |  | 1,982 |  |  | 528 |  |  | 491 |
U.S. Dollars/Swiss Franc | 419 |  |  | 400 |  |  | — |  |  | — |

As of October 28, 2017, there was an asset and liability of $76 and $269, respectively, and as of April 29, 2017, there was an asset and liability of $64 and $277, respectively, representing the fair value of foreign currency exchange forward contracts, which were determined using Level 2 inputs from a third-party bank.
Note 15. Subsequent Events
On November 30, 2017, our Board of Directors declared a regular quarterly dividend of $0.07 per share on our common stock payable on December 21, 2017 to holders of record of our common stock on December 11, 2017.
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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (including exhibits and any information incorporated by reference herein) contains both historical and forward-looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. The statements contained in this Report that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21B of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including statements regarding our expectations, beliefs, intentions and strategies for the future. These statements appear in a number of places in this Report and include all statements that are not historical statements of fact regarding the intent, belief or current expectations with respect to, among other things: (i.) our competition; (ii.) our financing plans; (iii.) trends affecting our financial condition or results of operations; (iv.) our growth strategy and operating strategy; (v.) the declaration and payment of dividends; (vi.) the timing and magnitude of future contracts; (vii.) parts shortages and lead times; (viii.) fluctuations in margins; (ix.) the seasonality of our business; (x.) the introduction of new products and technology; (xi.) the amount and frequency of warranty claims; and (xii.) the timing and magnitude of any acquisitions or dispositions. The words “may,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “will,” “expect,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “intend,” “plans” and similar expressions and variations thereof are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Investors are cautioned that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our ability to control, and that actual results may differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors discussed herein, including those discussed in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 29, 2017 in the section entitled “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," and those factors discussed in detail in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
The following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). This discussion should be read in conjunction with the accompanying Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Report. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments affecting the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On a regular basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to total costs on long-term construction-type contracts, costs to be incurred for product warranties and extended maintenance contracts, bad debts, excess and obsolete inventory, income taxes, share-based compensation, goodwill impairment and contingencies. Our estimates are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.
OVERVIEW
We design, manufacture and sell a wide range of display systems to customers throughout the world. We focus our sales and marketing efforts on markets, geographical regions and products. Our five business segments consist of four domestic business units and the International business unit. The four domestic business units consist of Commercial, Live Events, High School Park and Recreation, and Transportation, all of which include the geographic territories of the United States and Canada. Disclosures related to our business segments are provided in "Note 4. Segment Disclosure" of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Report.
Our net sales and profitability historically have fluctuated due to the impact of large project orders, such as display systems for professional sports facilities, colleges and universities, and spectacular projects in the commercial area, as well as the seasonality of the sports market. Large project orders can include several displays, controllers, and subcontracted structure builds, each of which can occur on varied schedules per the customer's needs. Net sales and gross profit percentages also have fluctuated due to other seasonal factors, including the impact of holidays, which primarily affects our third fiscal quarter.
Our gross margins on large custom and large standard orders tend to fluctuate more than on small standard orders. Large product orders involving competitive bidding and substantial subcontract work for product installation generally have lower gross margins. Although we follow the percentage of completion method of recognizing revenues for large custom orders, we nevertheless have experienced fluctuations in operating results and expect our future results of operations will be subject to similar fluctuations.
Our backlog consists of contractually binding sales agreements or purchase orders we expect to fill within the next 24 months. Orders, which we define as a receipt of an executed contract and any required deposits, are booked and included in backlog. As a result, certain orders for which we have received binding letters of intent or contracts will not be booked until all required contractual documents and deposits are received. In addition, order bookings can vary significantly on a quarterly basis as a result of the timing of large orders. Because order backlog may be subject to extended delivery schedules, orders may be canceled, and orders have varied estimated
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profitability, our backlog is not necessarily indicative of future net sales or net income. Backlog can fluctuate due to large order booking timing and seasonality. Backlog is not a measure defined by GAAP, and our methodology for determining backlog may vary from the methodology used by other companies in determining their backlog amounts.
For a summary of recently issued accounting pronouncements and the effects of those pronouncements on our financial results, refer to "Note 1. Basis of Presentation and Summary of Critical Accounting Policies" of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Report.
GENERAL
Our mission is to be the world leader at informing and entertaining audiences through dynamic audio-visual communication systems. We measure our success through estimated market share based on estimated market demand for digital displays and generating profits over the long-term. Our success is contingent on the depth and quality of our products, including related control systems, the depth of our service offerings and our technology serving these market demands. These qualities are important for our long-term success because our products have finite lifetimes, and we strive to win replacement business from existing customers.
Increases in user adoption, the acceptance of a variety of digital solutions, and the decline of digital solution pricing over the years has increased the size of the global market. With this positive demand, strong competition exists across all of our business units, which causes margin constraints. Projects with multi-million dollar revenue potential also attract competition, which generally reduces profitability.
We organize around customer segments and geographic regions as further described in "Note 4. Segment Disclosure" of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Report. Each business segment also has unique key growth drivers and challenges.
Commercial Business Unit: Over the long-term, we believe growth in the Commercial business unit will result from a number of factors, including:

• | Standard display product market growth due to market adoption and lower product costs, which drive marketplace expansion. Standard display products are used to attract or communicate with customers and potential customers of retail, commercial, and other establishments. Pricing and economic conditions are the principal factors that impact our success in this business unit. We utilize a reseller network to distribute our standard products.

• | National accounts standard display market opportunities due to customers' desire to communicate their message, advertising and content consistently across the country. Increased demand is possible from retailers, quick serve restaurants, petroleum businesses, and other nationwide organizations.

• | Increasing interest in spectaculars, which include very large and sometimes highly customized displays as part of entertainment venues such as casinos, shopping centers, cruise ships and Times Square type locations.

• | Dynamic messaging systems demand growth due to market adoption and marketplace expansion.

• | The use of architectural lighting products for commercial buildings, which real estate owners use to add accents or effects to an entire side or circumference of a building to communicate messages or to decorate the building.

• | The continued deployment of digital billboards as OOH companies continue developing new sites and start to replace digital billboards which are reaching end of life. This is dependent on there being no adverse changes in the digital billboard regulatory environment, which could restrict future deployments of billboards, as well as maintaining our current market share of the business concentrated in a few large OOH companies.

• | Replacement cycles within each of these areas.

Live Events Business Unit: Over the long-term, we believe growth in the Live Events business unit will result from a number of factors, including:

• | Facilities spending more on larger display systems to enhance the game-day and event experience for attendees.

• | Lower product costs, driving an expansion of the marketplace.

• | Our product and service offerings, which remain the most integrated and comprehensive offerings in the industry.

• | The competitive nature of sports teams, which strive to out-perform their competitors with display systems.

• | The desire for high-definition video displays, which typically drives larger displays or higher resolution displays, both of which increase the average transaction size.

• | Dynamic messaging systems needs throughout a sports facility.

• | Replacement cycles within each of these areas.

High School Park and Recreation Business Unit: Over the long-term, we believe growth in the High School Park and Recreation business unit will result from a number of factors, including:
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• | Increased demand for video systems in high schools as school districts realize the revenue generating potential of these displays versus traditional scoreboards.

• | Increased demand for different types of displays and dynamic messaging systems, such as message centers at schools to communicate to students, parents and the broader community.

• | The use of more sophisticated displays in athletic facilities, such as aquatic venues in schools.

Transportation Business Unit: Over the long-term, we believe growth in the Transportation business unit will result from increasing applications and acceptance of electronic displays to manage transportation systems, including roadway, airport, parking, transit and other applications. Effective use of the United States transportation infrastructure requires intelligent transportation systems. This growth is highly dependent on government spending, primarily by the federal government, along with the continuing acceptance of private/public partnerships as an alternative funding source.
International Business Unit: Over the long-term, we believe growth in the International business unit will result from achieving greater penetration in various geographies and building products more suited to individual markets. We continue to broaden our product offerings into the transportation segment in Europe and the Middle East. We also focus on sports facility, spectacular-type, and third-party advertising market opportunities and the factors listed in each of the other business units to the extent they apply outside the United States and Canada.
Each of our business units is impacted by adverse economic conditions in different ways and to different degrees. The effects of an adverse economy are generally less severe on our sports related business as compared to our other businesses, although in severe economic downturns, the sports business also can be seriously impacted. Our Commercial and International business units are highly dependent on economic conditions in general.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
COMPARISON OF THE THREE MONTHS ENDED OCTOBER 28, 2017 AND OCTOBER 29, 2016
Net Sales

| Three Months Ended
(in thousands) | October 28, 2017 |  | October 29, 2016 |  | Dollar Change |  | Percent Change
Net sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | $ | 34,377 |  |  | $ | 39,923 |  |  | $ | (5,546 | ) |  | (13.9 | )%
Live Events | 68,653 |  |  | 55,363 |  |  | 13,290 |  |  | 24.0 |
High School Park and Recreation | 29,660 |  |  | 28,707 |  |  | 953 |  |  | 3.3 |
Transportation | 16,476 |  |  | 16,101 |  |  | 375 |  |  | 2.3 |
International | 20,143 |  |  | 29,898 |  |  | (9,755 | ) |  | (32.6 | )
| $ | 169,309 |  |  | $ | 169,992 |  |  | $ | (683 | ) |  | (0.4 | )%
Orders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | $ | 39,134 |  |  | $ | 36,663 |  |  | $ | 2,471 |  |  | 6.7 | %
Live Events | 43,730 |  |  | 31,050 |  |  | 12,680 |  |  | 40.8 |
High School Park and Recreation | 14,737 |  |  | 15,764 |  |  | (1,027 | ) |  | (6.5 | )
Transportation | 14,245 |  |  | 14,754 |  |  | (509 | ) |  | (3.4 | )
International | 30,414 |  |  | 18,643 |  |  | 11,771 |  |  | 63.1 |
| $ | 142,260 |  |  | $ | 116,874 |  |  | $ | 25,386 |  |  | 21.7 | %

Commercial: The decrease in net sales for the three months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago was primarily due to lower order volumes in the on-premise niche and the timing of delivery of large projects in the spectacular niche, which were partially offset by an increase in the billboard niche shipment activity due to timing of customer demand.
The increase in orders for the three months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago was the net result of a large account-based order in the billboard niche, which was offset by decreases in the on-premise and spectacular niches due to a number of factors, including competitive market pricing, a delay of national account-based opportunities during the three months ended October 28, 2017 as compared to the same period last year, the natural volatility of large project timing, and limited sales coverages in certain geographies due to employee turnover.
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Live Events: The increase in net sales for the three months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago was primarily due to continued demand and the timing of the demand for upgraded or new solutions for arenas, professional sports, and colleges and universities.
Orders increase d for the three months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago due to an increased number of projects in professional baseball sport arenas.
High School Park and Recreation: The increase in net sales for the three months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago was primarily due to increased shipments of scoring systems and message centers as a result of increased market activity and timing of customer demand.
Orders decrease d for the three months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago due to variability in order timing.
Transportation: Net sales for the three months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago remained relatively flat.
Orders for the three months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago decrease d primarily due to variability caused by large order timing.
International: Net sales for the three months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago decrease d primarily due to lower volume of orders in the prior-year period.
Orders increase d for the three months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago primarily due to the volatility of large order timing.
Backlog
The product order backlog as of October 28, 2017 was $155 million as compared to $142 million as of October 29, 2016 and $184 million at the end of the first quarter of fiscal 2018. Historically, our backlog varies due to the seasonality of our business, the timing of large projects, and customer delivery schedules for these orders. The backlog as of October 28, 2017 increased from October 29, 2016 in our Transportation and International business units and decreased in our Commercial, Live Events and High School Park and Recreation business units.
Gross Profit

| Three Months Ended
| October 28, 2017 |  |  |  | October 29, 2016
| Amount |  | As a Percent of Net Sales |  |  |  | Amount |  | As a Percent of Net Sales
(in thousands)
Commercial | $ | 5,271 |  |  | 15.3 | % |  |  |  | $ | 10,552 |  |  | 26.4 | %
Live Events | 16,255 |  |  | 23.7 |  |  |  |  | 11,625 |  |  | 21.0 |
High School Park and Recreation | 10,553 |  |  | 35.6 |  |  |  |  | 9,242 |  |  | 32.2 |
Transportation | 6,181 |  |  | 37.5 |  |  |  |  | 5,799 |  |  | 36.0 |
International | 4,344 |  |  | 21.6 |  |  |  |  | 7,090 |  |  | 23.7 |
| $ | 42,604 |  |  | 25.2 | % |  |  |  | $ | 44,308 |  |  | 26.1 | %

Gross profit is net sales less cost of goods sold. Cost of goods sold consists primarily of inventory, consumables, salaries, other employee-related costs, facilities-related costs for manufacturing locations, machinery and equipment maintenance and depreciation, site sub-contractors, warranty costs, and other service delivery expenses.
The decrease in our gross profit percentage for the three months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago was primarily due to lower sales volumes and additional warranty charges. The following describes the overall impact by business unit:
Commercial: The gross profit percent decrease d for the three months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago primarily due to higher warranty expenses and lower sales volumes.
Live Events: The gross profit percent increase for the three months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago was due to an increased volume of sales, improved productivity and lower warranty expenses.
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High School Park and Recreation: The gross profit percent increase for the three months ended October 28, 2017 as compared to the same period one year ago was primarily due to improved productivity as higher sales volumes were achieved on similar costs and improved contract margins.
Transportation: The gross profit percent increase for the three months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago was primarily due to lower warranty expenses, which were partially offset by lower margins due to increased competition.
International: The gross profit percent decrease for the three months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago was primarily the result of lower sales volumes over a relatively fixed cost structure and higher warranty expenses offset by the sale of our non-digital division assets for a gain of $1.2 million.
Selling Expense

| Three Months Ended
| October 28, 2017 |  |  |  | October 29, 2016
| Amount |  | As a Percent of Net Sales |  | Percent Change |  | Amount |  | As a Percent of Net Sales
(in thousands) |  |  |  |
Commercial | $ | 4,669 |  |  | 13.6 | % |  | (1.0 | )% |  | $ | 4,715 |  |  | 11.8 | %
Live Events | 3,401 |  |  | 5.0 |  |  | 14.6 |  |  | 2,967 |  |  | 5.4 |
High School Park and Recreation | 2,743 |  |  | 9.2 |  |  | 10.1 |  |  | 2,491 |  |  | 8.7 |
Transportation | 1,102 |  |  | 6.7 |  |  | (13.1 | ) |  | 1,268 |  |  | 7.9 |
International | 3,435 |  |  | 17.1 |  |  | (22.8 | ) |  | 4,450 |  |  | 14.9 |
| $ | 15,350 |  |  | 9.1 | % |  | (3.4 | )% |  | $ | 15,891 |  |  | 9.3 | %

Selling expenses consist primarily of salaries, other employee-related costs, travel and entertainment expenses, facilities-related costs for sales and service offices, bad debt expenses, third-party commissions and expenditures for marketing efforts, including the costs of collateral materials, conventions and trade shows, product demos, and supplies.
Selling expense in our Commercial business unit for the second quarter of fiscal 2018 remained relatively flat compared to the same quarter a year ago.
Selling expense in our Live Events business unit increased in the second quarter of fiscal 2018 compared to the same quarter a year ago due to increases in marketing/advertising expenses and personnel expenses. Selling expense in our High School Park and Recreation business unit increased in the second quarter of fiscal 2018 compared to the same quarter a year ago due to increases in personnel expenses.
Selling expense in our Transportation business unit decreased in the second quarter of fiscal 2018 compared to the same quarter a year ago due to lower bad debt and marketing expenses. Selling expense in our International business unit declined in the second quarter of fiscal 2018 compared to the same quarter a year ago due to lower bad debt expense and third-party commissions and a $0.2 million intangible asset impairment that had been incurred in the second quarter of fiscal 2017 that was not incurred in the second quarter of fiscal 2018.
Other Operating Expenses

| Three Months Ended
| October 28, 2017 |  |  |  | October 29, 2016
| Amount |  | As a Percent of Net Sales |  | Percent Change |  | Amount |  | As a Percent of Net Sales
(in thousands)
General and administrative | $ | 8,868 |  |  | 5.2 | % |  | 2.8 | % |  | $ | 8,625 |  |  | 5.1 | %
Product design and development | $ | 8,948 |  |  | 5.3 | % |  | 25.6 | % |  | $ | 7,126 |  |  | 4.2 | %

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries, other employee-related costs, professional fees, shareholder relations costs, facilities and equipment-related costs for administrative departments, training costs, and the costs of supplies.
General and administrative expenses in the second quarter of fiscal 2018 increase d as compared to the same period one year ago primarily due to increases in personnel expenses and information technology software and hardware expenses, which were partially offset by a decrease in professional fees.
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Product design and development expenses consist primarily of salaries, other employee-related costs, professional services, facilities costs and equipment-related costs and supplies. Product development investments in the near term are focused on developing or improving our video technology over a wide range of pixel pitches for both indoor and outdoor applications. These new or improved technologies are focused on varied pixel density for image quality and use, expanded product line offerings for our various markets and geographies, improved quality and reliability, and improved cost points. We plan to make continued investments in our software and controller capabilities throughout our varied product offerings. Through all design efforts, we focus on standardizing display components and control systems for both single site and network displays.
Our costs for product development represent an allocated amount of costs based on time charges, professional services, materials costs and the overhead of our engineering departments. Generally, a significant portion of our engineering time is spent on product development, while the rest is allocated to large contract work and is included in cost of goods sold.
Product development expenses in the second quarter of fiscal 2018 increase d as compared to the same period one year ago primarily due to increased labor costs and professional services assigned to product development projects relating to our strategy to accelerate the deployment of products and solutions to our markets. To deliver value to our customers and serve the markets' expectations, we plan to increase the level of expenditures for new or enhanced customer solutions as compared to prior years throughout fiscal 2018.
Other Income and Expenses

| Three Months Ended
| October 28, 2017 |  |  |  | October 29, 2016
| Amount |  | As a Percent of Net Sales |  | Percent Change |  | Amount |  | As a Percent of Net Sales
(in thousands)
Interest income, net | $ | 104 |  |  | 0.1 | % |  | 9.5 | % |  | $ | 95 |  |  | 0.1 | %
Other (expense) income, net | $ | (87 | ) |  | (0.1 | )% |  | (158.4 | )% |  | $ | 149 |  |  | 0.1 | %

Interest income (expense), net: We generate interest income through short-term cash investments, marketable securities, and product sales on an installment basis or in exchange for the rights to sell and retain advertising revenues from displays, which result in long-term receivables. Interest expense is comprised primarily of interest costs on long-term marketing obligations.
Interest income, net in the second quarter of fiscal 2018 compared to the same period one year ago remained relatively flat. As a result of the volatility of working capital needs and changes in investing and financing activities, along with changes in the interest rate environment, it is difficult to project changes in interest income.
Other (expense) income, net: The change in other income and expense, net for the second quarter of fiscal 2018 as compared to the same period one year ago was primarily due to foreign currency volatility and the losses recorded from an equity method affiliate.
Income Taxes
Our effective tax rate was 24.6 percent for the second quarter of fiscal 2018 as compared to an effective tax rate of 30.1 percent for the second quarter of fiscal 2017. The primary factors impacting our effective rate were an increase in our expected research and development tax credit during fiscal 2018 due to an increase in activity within product development as compared to fiscal 2017 and the reversal of a portion of a foreign valuation allowance to offset the non-digital asset sale gain.
COMPARISON OF THE SIX MONTHS ENDED OCTOBER 28, 2017 AND OCTOBER 29, 2016
Net Sales
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| Six Months Ended
(in thousands) | October 28, 2017 |  | October 29, 2016 |  | Dollar Change |  | Percent Change
Net sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | $ | 67,240 |  |  | $ | 76,177 |  |  | $ | (8,937 | ) |  | (11.7 | )%
Live Events | 146,265 |  |  | 115,996 |  |  | 30,269 |  |  | 26.1 |
High School Park and Recreation | 58,139 |  |  | 56,324 |  |  | 1,815 |  |  | 3.2 |
Transportation | 35,388 |  |  | 30,387 |  |  | 5,001 |  |  | 16.5 |
International | 35,005 |  |  | 48,254 |  |  | (13,249 | ) |  | (27.5 | )
| $ | 342,037 |  |  | $ | 327,138 |  |  | $ | 14,899 |  |  | 4.6 | %
Orders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | $ | 69,071 |  |  | $ | 81,731 |  |  | $ | (12,660 | ) |  | (15.5 | )%
Live Events | 105,335 |  |  | 83,930 |  |  | 21,405 |  |  | 25.5 |
High School Park and Recreation | 46,917 |  |  | 46,877 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 0.1 |
Transportation | 23,514 |  |  | 26,669 |  |  | (3,155 | ) |  | (11.8 | )
International | 50,504 |  |  | 52,835 |  |  | (2,331 | ) |  | (4.4 | )
| $ | 295,341 |  |  | $ | 292,042 |  |  | $ | 3,299 |  |  | 1.1 | %

Commercial: Net sales for the six months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago decrease d as a result of lower order volumes in the on-premise niche and the timing of delivery of large projects in the spectacular niche.
The decrease in orders for the six months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago was the net result of an increase in large account-based billboard niche orders, which was offset by decreases in the on-premise and spectacular niches due to a number of factors including competitive market pricing, a delay of national account-based opportunities during the six months ended October 28, 2017 as compared to the same period last year, the natural volatility of large project timing, and limited sales coverages in certain geographies due to employee turnover.
Live Events: The increase in net sales for the six months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago was primarily due to continued demand and the timing of the demand for upgraded or new solutions for arenas, professional sports, and colleges and universities.
Orders increase d for the six months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago due to an increased number of projects in college and university venues and professional sport arenas.
High School Park and Recreation: The increase in net sales for the six months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago was primarily due to the timing of shipments of scoring systems and message centers on similar order demand.
Orders for the six months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago remained relatively flat.
Transportation: The increase in net sales for the six months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago was related to the variability caused by large order production timing.
Orders decrease d for the six months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago primarily due to variability caused by large order timing.
International: Net sales decrease d in our International business unit for the six months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago mainly due to lower volume of orders.
Orders decrease d for the six months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago primarily due to the volatility of large order timing.
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Gross Profit

| Six Months Ended
| October 28, 2017 |  |  |  | October 29, 2016
| Amount |  | As a Percent of Net Sales |  |  |  | Amount |  | As a Percent of Net Sales
(in thousands)
Commercial | $ | 13,539 |  |  | 20.1 | % |  |  |  | $ | 19,707 |  |  | 25.9 | %
Live Events | 33,309 |  |  | 22.8 |  |  |  |  | 23,801 |  |  | 20.5 |
High School Park and Recreation | 20,904 |  |  | 36.0 |  |  |  |  | 18,702 |  |  | 33.2 |
Transportation | 13,126 |  |  | 37.1 |  |  |  |  | 10,641 |  |  | 35.0 |
International | 6,372 |  |  | 18.2 |  |  |  |  | 10,524 |  |  | 21.8 |
| $ | 87,250 |  |  | 25.5 | % |  |  |  | $ | 83,375 |  |  | 25.5 | %

Gross profit is net sales less cost of goods sold. Cost of goods sold consists primarily of inventory, consumables, salaries, other employee-related costs, facilities-related costs for manufacturing locations, machinery and equipment maintenance and depreciation, site sub-contractors, warranty costs, and other service delivery expenses.
The increase in our gross profit percentage for the six months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago was the net result of the changes described below:
Commercial: The gross profit percent decrease for the six months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago was primarily the result of higher warranty expenses and lower sales volumes.
Live Events: The gross profit percent increase for the six months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago was the result of an increased volume of sales, improved performance on large projects as compared to original estimates and improved productivity.
High School Park and Recreation: The gross profit percent increase for the six months ended October 28, 2017 as compared to the same period one year ago primarily was due to improved productivity to achieve higher sales volumes on similar costs and improved contract margins.
Transportation: The gross profit percent increase for the six months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago was primarily due to an increased volume of sales, improved productivity, and lower warranty expenses, which were partially offset by lower margins due to increased competition.
International: The gross profit percent decrease for the six months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago was primarily the result of lower sales volumes over a relatively fixed cost structure and higher warranty expenses, which were offset by the $1.2 million gain from the sale of our non-digital assets.
Selling Expense

| Six Months Ended
| October 28, 2017 |  |  |  | October 29, 2016
| Amount |  | As a Percent of Net Sales |  | Percent Change |  | Amount |  | As a Percent of Net Sales
(in thousands) |  |  |  |
Commercial | $ | 9,363 |  |  | 13.9 | % |  | (0.1 | )% |  | $ | 9,374 |  |  | 12.3 | %
Live Events | 6,719 |  |  | 4.6 |  |  | 7.2 |  |  | 6,269 |  |  | 5.4 |
High School Park and Recreation | 5,347 |  |  | 9.2 |  |  | 8.0 |  |  | 4,951 |  |  | 8.8 |
Transportation | 2,139 |  |  | 6.0 |  |  | (14.7 | ) |  | 2,509 |  |  | 8.3 |
International | 6,721 |  |  | 19.2 |  |  | (16.5 | ) |  | 8,047 |  |  | 16.7 |
| $ | 30,289 |  |  | 8.9 | % |  | (2.8 | )% |  | $ | 31,150 |  |  | 9.5 | %

Selling expenses consist primarily of salaries, other employee-related costs, travel and entertainment expenses, facilities-related costs for sales and service offices, bad debt expenses, third-party commissions and expenditures for marketing efforts, including the costs of collateral materials, conventions and trade shows, product demos, and supplies.
Selling expenses in our Commercial business unit remained relatively flat in the six months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago.
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Selling expense in our Live Events business unit increased in the six months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago primarily due to increased marketing/advertising expenses and personnel expenses. Selling expense in our High School Park and Recreation business unit increased in the six months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago due to increases in personnel expenses.
Selling expense in our Transportation business unit decreased in the six months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago primarily due to lower bad debt expense. Selling expense in our International business unit declined in the six months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago due to lower bad debt expense and third-party commissions and a $0.2 million intangible asset impairment that had been incurred in the first six months of fiscal 2017 that was not incurred in the first six months of fiscal 2018.
Other Operating Expenses

| Six Months Ended
| October 28, 2017 |  |  |  | October 29, 2016
| Amount |  | As a Percent of Net Sales |  | Percent Change |  | Amount |  | As a Percent of Net Sales
(in thousands)
General and administrative | $ | 17,803 |  |  | 5.2 | % |  | 2.3 | % |  | $ | 17,408 |  |  | 5.3 | %
Product design and development | $ | 17,995 |  |  | 5.3 | % |  | 27.0 | % |  | $ | 14,169 |  |  | 4.3 | %

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries, other employee-related costs, professional fees, shareholder relations costs, facilities and equipment-related costs for administrative departments, training costs, and the costs of supplies.
General and administrative expenses in the six months ended October 28, 2017 increase d as compared to the same period one year ago primarily due to increases in personnel expenses and information technology software and hardware expenses, which were partially offset by a decrease in professional fees.
Product design and development expenses consist primarily of salaries, other employee-related costs, professional services, facilities costs and equipment-related costs and supplies. Product development investments in the near term are focused on developing or improving our video technology over a wide range of pixel pitches for both indoor and outdoor applications. These new or improved technologies are focused on varied pixel density for image quality and use, expanded product line offerings for our various markets and geographies, improved quality and reliability, and improved cost points. We plan to make continued investments in our software and controller capabilities throughout our varied product offerings. Through all design efforts, we focus on standardizing display components and control systems for both single site and network displays.
Our costs for product development represent an allocated amount of costs based on time charges, professional services, materials costs and the overhead of our engineering departments. Generally, a significant portion of our engineering time is spent on product development, while the rest is allocated to large contract work and is included in cost of goods sold.
Product development expenses in the six months ended October 28, 2017 as compared to the same period one year ago increase d primarily due to increased labor costs and professional services assigned to product development projects relating to our strategy to accelerate the deployment of products and solutions to our markets. To deliver value to our customers and serve the markets' expectations, we plan to increase the level of expenditures for new or enhanced customer solutions as compared to prior years throughout fiscal 2018.
Other Income and Expenses

| Six Months Ended
| October 28, 2017 |  |  |  | October 29, 2016
| Amount |  | As a Percent of Net Sales |  | Percent Change |  | Amount |  | As a Percent of Net Sales
(in thousands)
Interest income, net | $ | 229 |  |  | 0.1 | % |  | (11.2 | )% |  | $ | 258 |  |  | 0.1 | %
Other (expense) income, net | $ | 58 |  |  | — | % |  | 5.5 | % |  | $ | 55 |  |  | — | %

Interest income (expense), net: We generate interest income through short-term cash investments, marketable securities, and product sales on an installment basis or in exchange for the rights to sell and retain advertising revenues from displays, which result in long-term receivables. Interest expense is comprised primarily of interest costs on long-term marketing obligations.
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Interest income, net in the six months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago decreased as a result of lower long-term receivables which bear imputed interest rates. As a result of the volatility of working capital needs and changes in investing and financing activities, along with changes in the interest rate environment, it is difficult to project changes in interest income.
Other (expense) income, net: The change in other income and expense, net for the six months ended October 28, 2017 compared to the same period one year ago was primarily due to foreign currency volatility, the losses recorded from an equity method affiliate, and an income tax penalty incurred on a late filing.
Income Taxes
Our effective tax rate was 27.5 percent for the six months ended October 28, 2017 as compared to an effective tax rate of 30.5 percent for the six months ended October 29, 2016. The primary factors impacting our effective rate were an increase in our expected research and development tax credit during fiscal 2018 due to an increase in activity within product development as compared to fiscal 2017 and the reversal of a portion of a foreign valuation allowance to offset the non-digital asset sale gain.
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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

| Six Months Ended
| October 28, 2017 |  | October 29, 2016 |  | Percent Change
(in thousands)
Net cash (used in) provided by: |  |  |  |  |
Operating activities | $ | 9,338 |  |  | $ | 15,014 |  |  | (37.8 | )%
Investing activities | 4,460 |  |  | 1,630 |  |  | 173.6 |
Financing activities | (7,024 | ) |  | (10,328 | ) |  | (32.0 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | 113 |  |  | (591 | ) |  | (119.1 | )
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 6,887 |  |  | $ | 5,725 |  |  | 20.3 | %

Net cash provided by operating activities: Operating cash flows consist primarily of net income adjusted for non-cash items, including depreciation and amortization, stock-based compensation, deferred income taxes and the effect of changes in operating assets and liabilities.
Net cash provided by operating activities was $9.3 million for the first six months of fiscal 2018 compared to net cash provided by operating activities of $15.0 million in the first six months of fiscal 2017. Cash flow provided by operating activities fluctuated due to a rise in accounts receivable corresponding with the increase in net sales. The $5.7 million decrease in cash from operating activities from the first six months of fiscal 2017 to the first six months of fiscal 2018 was the net result of changes in net operating assets and liabilities of $3.4 million, a $1.3 million gain on the sale of our non-digital division, a $1.2 million decrease in depreciation, amortization and impairment, and a $1.0 million decrease in the provision for doubtful accounts, adjusted by an increase of $0.2 million in equity losses of an affiliate and a $1.0 million increase in net income.
The changes in operating assets and liabilities consisted of the following:

| Six Months Ended
| October 28, 2017 |  | October 29, 2016
(Increase) decrease: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | $ | (29,851 | ) |  | $ | (13,267 | )
Long-term receivables | 719 |  |  | 770 |
Inventories | (4,470 | ) |  | 6,140 |
Costs and estimated earnings in excess of billings | 5,101 |  |  | (13,154 | )
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | (14 | ) |  | (1,067 | )
Income tax receivables | (1,114 | ) |  | 4,583 |
Investment in affiliates and other assets | 220 |  |  | 278 |
Increase (decrease): |  |  |
Current marketing obligations and other payables | (481 | ) |  | (125 | )
Accounts payable | (1,282 | ) |  | 1,362 |
Customer deposits (billed or collected) | (149 | ) |  | (1,993 | )
Accrued expenses | 3,176 |  |  | 1,736 |
Warranty obligations | 1,867 |  |  | (1,455 | )
Billings in excess of costs and estimated earnings | 5,670 |  |  | (2,022 | )
Long-term warranty obligations | 1,419 |  |  | 808 |
Income taxes payable | (18 | ) |  | 2,243 |
Deferred revenue (billed or collected) | 3,310 |  |  | 1,703 |
Long-term marketing obligations and other payables | 401 |  |  | 1,411 |
| $ | (15,496 | ) |  | $ | (12,049 | )

Overall, changes in operating assets and liabilities can be impacted by the timing of cash flows on large orders, which can cause significant short-term fluctuations in inventory, accounts receivables, accounts payable, customer deposits, costs and earnings in excess of billings, and various other operating assets and liabilities. Variability in costs and earnings in excess of billings and billings in excess of costs relates to the timing of billings on construction-type contracts and revenue recognition, which can vary significantly depending on contractual payment terms and build and installation schedules. Balances are also impacted by the seasonality of the sports markets.
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Net cash provided by investing activities: Net cash provided by investing activities totaled $4.5 million in the first six months of fiscal 2018 compared to $1.6 million in the first six months of fiscal 2017. The change in the amount of cash provided by investing activities was the result of a net increase in marketable securities of $4.1 million in the first six months of fiscal 2018 as compared to the first six months of fiscal 2017. Purchases of property and equipment totaled $7.7 million in the first six months of fiscal 2018 compared to $4.6 million in the first six months of fiscal 2017. Proceeds from the sale of property, equipment and other assets totaled $2.0 million in the first six months of fiscal 2018 compared to $0.1 million in the first six months of fiscal 2017; this was mostly related to the sale of our non-digital division.
Net cash used in financing activities: Net cash used in financing activities was $7.0 million for the six months ended October 28, 2017 compared to $10.3 million in the same period one year ago. Dividends of $6.2 million, or $0.14 per share, were paid to Daktronics shareholders during the first six months of fiscal 2018, as compared to dividends of $7.5 million, or $0.17 per share, paid to Daktronics shareholders during the first six months of fiscal 2017. In the first six months of fiscal 2017, we used $1.8 million to purchase our common shares as part of the $40.0 million share repurchase plan authorized by the Board of Directors, and there have been no purchases in the six months ended October 28, 2017.
Other Liquidity and Capital Resources Discussion: We have $6.7 million of retainage on long-term contracts included in receivables and costs in excess of billings as of October 28, 2017, which we expect to collect within one year.
Working capital was $144.2 million and $127.1 million at October 28, 2017 and April 29, 2017, respectively. The changes in working capital, particularly changes in accounts receivable, accounts payable, inventory, and costs in excess of billings and billings in excess of costs, and the seasonality of the sports market can have a significant impact on the amount of net cash provided by operating activities largely due to the timing of payments and receipts. We have historically financed working capital needs through a combination of cash flow from operations and borrowings under bank credit agreements.
We have used and expect to continue to use cash balances to meet our short-term working capital requirements. On large product orders, the time between order acceptance and project completion may extend up to and exceed 24 months depending on the amount of custom work and a customer’s delivery needs. We often receive down payments or progress payments on these product orders. To the extent these payments are not sufficient to fund the costs and other expenses associated with these orders, we use working capital and bank borrowings to finance these cash requirements.
On November 15, 2016, we entered into a credit agreement and a related revolving note with a U.S. bank. The agreement and note have a maturity date of November 15, 2019. The revolving amount of the agreement and note is $35.0 million, including up to $15.0 million for commercial and standby letters of credits. The interest rate ranges from LIBOR plus 145 basis points to LIBOR plus 195 basis points depending on the ratio of our interest-bearing debt to EBITDA. EBITDA is defined as net income before deductions for interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, all as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The effective interest rate was 2.7 percent at October 28, 2017. We are assessed a loan fee equal to 0.125 percent per annum on any unused portion of the loan. As of October 28, 2017, there were no advances to us under the loan portion of the line of credit, and the balance of letters of credit outstanding was approximately $6.1 million.
The credit agreement is unsecured and requires us to be in compliance with the following financial ratios:

• | A minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 2 to 1 at the end of any fiscal year. The ratio is equal to (a) EBITDA less dividends or other distributions (with the exception of any U.S. bank approved special cash dividend), a capital expenditure reserve of $6 million, and income tax expenses paid in cash, but excluding cash used to repurchase any Daktronics, Inc. stock over (b) all principal and interest payments with respect to debt, excluding principal payments on the line of credit; and

• | A ratio of interest-bearing debt, excluding any marketing obligations, to EBITDA of less than 1 to 1 at the end of any fiscal quarter.

On November 15, 2016, we entered into an amended and restated loan agreement and a continuing and unlimited guaranty agreement with another U.S. bank which supports our credit needs outside of the United States. The loan and guaranty have a maturity date of November 15, 2019. The revolving amount of the loan is $20.0 million. We intend to use the borrowings under the agreement to support credit needs for general corporate purposes outside the United States. This credit agreement is unsecured. It contains the same covenants as the credit agreement on the line of credit and contains an inter creditor agreement whereby the debt has a cross default provision with the primary credit agreement. Total credit allowed between the two credit agreements is limited to $40.0 million. The interest rate is equal to LIBOR plus 1.5 percent. We are assessed a fixed loan fee of $5 thousand per quarter. As of October 28, 2017, there were no advances outstanding under the loan agreement and approximately $2.8 million in bank guarantees under this line of credit.
As of October 28, 2017, we were in compliance with all applicable bank loan covenants.
We utilize cash on hand to pay dividends to our investors. The following table summarizes the quarterly dividends declared and/or paid since the prior fiscal year end of April 29, 2017:
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Date Declared | Record Date | Payment Date | Amount per Share
June 1, 2017 | June 13, 2017 | June 23, 2017 | $0.07
August 31, 2017 | September 11, 2017 | September 22, 2017 | $0.07
November 30, 2017 | December 11, 2017 | December 21, 2017 | $0.07

Although we expect to continue to pay dividends for the foreseeable future, the nature and amounts of dividends will be reviewed regularly and declared by the Board at its discretion.
We are sometimes required to obtain performance bonds for display installations, and we have a bonding line available through a surety company for an aggregate of $150.0 million in bonded work outstanding. If we were unable to complete the work and our customer would call upon the bond for payment, the surety company would subrogate its loss to Daktronics. At October 28, 2017, we had $10.3 million of bonded work outstanding against this line.
Our business growth and profitability improvement strategies depend on investments in capital expenditures. We are projecting capital expenditures to be less than $25 million for fiscal 2018 for purchases of manufacturing equipment for new or enhanced product production, expanded capacity, investments in quality and reliability equipment, and continued information infrastructure investments.
We believe our working capital available from all sources will be adequate to meet the cash requirements of our operations in the foreseeable future. If our growth extends beyond current expectations, profitability does not continue, or if we make any strategic investments, we may need to increase our credit facilities or seek other means of financing. We anticipate we will be able to obtain any needed funds under commercially reasonable terms from our current lenders or other sources, although there can be no guarantee of such.
Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Foreign Currency Exchange Rates
Through October 28, 2017, most of our net sales were denominated in U.S. dollars, and our exposure to foreign currency exchange rate changes on net sales had not been significant. For the six months ended October 28, 2017, net sales originating outside the United States were 12.9 percent of total net sales, of which a portion was denominated in Canadian dollars, Euros, Chinese renminbi, British pounds, Australian dollars, Brazilian reais or other currencies. We manufacture our products in the United States, China, Belgium, and Ireland. Our results of operations could be affected by factors such as changes in foreign currency rates or weak economic conditions in foreign markets. If we believed currency risk in any foreign location is significant, we would utilize foreign exchange hedging contracts to manage our exposure to the currency fluctuations.
Over the long term, net sales to international markets are expected to increase as a percentage of total net sales and, consequently, a greater portion of our business could be denominated in foreign currencies. In addition, we may fund our foreign subsidiaries’ operating cash needs in the form of loans denominated in U.S. dollars. As a result, operating results may become more subject to fluctuations based upon changes in the exchange rates of certain currencies in relation to the U.S. dollar. To the extent we engage in international sales denominated in U.S. dollars, an increase in the value of the U.S. dollar relative to foreign currencies could make our products less competitive in international markets. This effect is also impacted by sources of raw materials from international sources. We estimate that a 10 percent change in all foreign exchange rates would impact our reported income before taxes by approximately $1.0 million. This sensitivity analysis disregards the possibilities that rates can move in opposite directions and that losses from one geographic area may be offset by gains from another geographic area. We will continue to monitor and minimize our exposure to currency fluctuations and, when appropriate, use financial hedging techniques, including foreign currency forward contracts and options, to minimize the effect of these fluctuations. However, exchange rate fluctuations as well as differing economic conditions, changes in political climates, differing tax structures and other rules and regulations could adversely affect our ability to effectively hedge exchange rate fluctuations in the future.
We have foreign currency forward agreements in place to offset changes in the value of contracts with customers denominated in a foreign currency. The notional amount of these derivatives is $7.7 million, and all contracts mature within nine months. These contracts are marked to market each balance sheet date and are not designated as hedges. See "Note 14. Derivative Financial Instruments" of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Report for further details.
Interest Rate Risks
Our exposure to market rate risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our marketing obligations and long-term accounts receivable. As of October 28, 2017, our outstanding marketing obligations were $0.5 million, all of which were in fixed rate obligations.
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In connection with the sale of certain display systems, we have entered into various types of financing with customers. The aggregate amounts due from customers include an imputed interest element. The majority of these financings carry fixed rates of interest. As of October 28, 2017, our outstanding long-term receivables were $4.2 million. Each 25 basis point increase in interest rates would have an associated immaterial annual opportunity cost.
The following table provides maturities and weighted average interest rates on our financial instruments sensitive to changes in interest rates.

| Fiscal Years (dollars in thousands) |  |
| 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | Thereafter
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term receivables, including current maturities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed-rate | $ | 884 |  |  | $ | 1,734 |  |  | $ | 693 |  |  | $ | 452 |  |  | $ | 341 |  |  | $ | 68 |
Average interest rate | 8.8 | % |  | 8.7 | % |  | 8.7 | % |  | 8.6 | % |  | 9.0 | % |  | 9.0 | %
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long- and short-term debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed-rate | $ | 260 |  |  | $ | 542 |  |  | $ | 974 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Average interest rate | 5.6 | % |  | 4.5 | % |  | 3.3 | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | — | %
Long-term marketing obligations, including current portion: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed-rate | $ | 155 |  |  | $ | 207 |  |  | $ | 99 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Average interest rate | 8.7 | % |  | 9.0 | % |  | 9.0 | % |  | 9.0 | % |  | — | % |  | — | %

Of our $39.7 million in cash balances at October 28, 2017, $28.8 million were denominated in U.S. dollars of which $3.8 million is held by our foreign subsidiaries. We have an additional $10.9 million in cash balances denominated in foreign currencies of which $10.3 million are maintained in accounts of our foreign subsidiaries. A portion of the cash held in foreign accounts is used to collateralize outstanding bank guarantees issued by our foreign subsidiaries.
Commodity Risk
We are dependent on basic raw materials, sub-assemblies, components, and other supplies used in our operations. Our financial results could be affected by the availability and changes in prices of these materials. Some of these materials are sourced from a limited number of suppliers or only a single supplier. These materials are also key source materials for our competitors. Therefore, if demand for these materials rises, we may experience increased costs and/or limited or unavailable supplies. As a result, we may not be able to acquire key production materials on a timely basis, which could impact our ability to produce products and satisfy incoming sales orders on a timely basis. In addition, the costs of these materials can rise suddenly and result in significantly higher costs of production. Our sourcing group works to implement strategies to mitigate these risks. Periodically, we enter into pricing agreements or purchasing contracts under which we agree to purchase a minimum amount of product in exchange for guaranteed price terms over the length of the contract, which generally does not exceed one year. We believe that we have adequate sources of supply for our key materials.
Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our “disclosure controls and procedures,” as that term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as of October 28, 2017, which is the end of the period covered by this Report. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of October 28, 2017, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Based on the evaluation described in the foregoing paragraph, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that during the quarter ended October 28, 2017, there was no change in our internal control over financial reporting which has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Not applicable.
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Item 1A. RISK FACTORS
The discussion of our business and operations included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read together with the risk factors described in Item 1A. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 29, 2017. They describe various risks and uncertainties to which we are or may become subject. These risks and uncertainties, together with other factors described elsewhere in this Report, have the potential to affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, strategies or prospects in a material and adverse manner. New risks may emerge at any time, and we cannot predict those risks or estimate the extent to which they may affect our financial condition or financial results.
Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Share Repurchases
During the six months ended October 28, 2017, we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock.
Item 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
Not applicable.
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Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION
Not applicable.
Item 6. EXHIBITS
A list of exhibits required to be filed as part of this report is set forth in the Index of Exhibits, which immediately precedes such exhibits, and is incorporated herein by reference.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | /s/ Sheila M. Anderson
|  | Daktronics, Inc.
|  | Sheila M. Anderson
|  | Chief Financial Officer
|  | (Principal Financial Officer and
|  | Principal Accounting Officer)
Date: | December 1, 2017 |

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Index to Exhibits
Certain of the following exhibits are incorporated by reference from prior filings. The form with which each exhibit was filed and the date of filing are as indicated below; the reports described below are filed as Commission File No. 0-23246 unless otherwise indicated.

3.1 | Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Company (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 filed with our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q on August 30, 2013).
3.2 | Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.4 filed with our Annual Report on Form 10-K on June 12, 2013).
10.1 | Credit Agreement dated November 15, 2016 by and between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 filed with our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 16, 2016).
10.2 | Revolving Note dated November 15, 2016 issued by the Company to U.S. Bank National Association (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 filed with our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 16, 2016).
10.3 | Amended and Restated Loan Agreement dated November 15, 2016 by and between the Company and Bank of America, N.A. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 filed with our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 16, 2016).
10.4 | Continuing and Unconditional Guaranty dated November 15, 2016 by and between the Company and Bank of America, N.A. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 filed with our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 16, 2016).
10.5 | Amended and Restated Loan Agreement dated May 5, 2017 by and between the Company and Bank of America, N.A. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 filed with our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on June 9, 2017).
10.6 | Daktronics, Inc. 2015 Stock Incentive Plan ("2015 Plan"). (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to the Company's Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed on July 14, 2015).
10.7 | Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the 2015 Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 filed with our Current Report on Form 8-K on September 3, 2015).
10.8 | Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement Terms and Conditions under the 2015 Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 filed with our Current Report on Form 8-K on September 3, 2015).
10.9 | Form of Incentive Stock Option Terms and Conditions under the 2015 Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 filed with our Current Report on Form 8-K on September 3, 2015).
10.10 | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Terms and Conditions under the 2015 Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 filed with our Current Report on Form 8-K on September 3, 2015).
31.1 | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (1)
31.2 | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (1)
32.1 | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. Section 1350). (1)
32.2 | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. Section 1350). (1)
101 | The following financial information from our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended October 28, 2017 formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, and (vii) document and entity information. (1)
| (1) | Filed herewith electronically.

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