Note 13. Fair Value Measurement

ASC 820, Fair Value Measurement, defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. It also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The fair value hierarchy within ASC 820 distinguishes between the following three levels of inputs which may be utilized when measuring fair value.

Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 - Observable inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 for the assets or liabilities, either directly or indirectly (for example, quoted market prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or quoted market prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets not considered to be active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, or market-corroborated input).

Level 3 - Unobservable inputs supported by little or no market activity based on our own assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities.

The fair values for fixed-rate long-term receivables are estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis based on interest rates currently being offered for contracts with similar terms to customers with similar credit quality. The carrying amounts reported on our condensed consolidated balance sheets for long-term receivables approximate fair value and have been categorized as a Level 2 fair value measurement. Fair values for fixed-rate long-term marketing obligations are estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation applying interest rates currently being offered for debt with similar terms and underlying collateral. The total carrying value of long-term marketing obligations as reported on our condensed consolidated balance sheets within other long-term obligations approximates fair value and has been categorized as a Level 2 fair value measurement.

The following table sets forth by Level within the fair value hierarchy our financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis at July 28, 2018 and April 28, 2018 according to the valuation techniques we used to determine their fair values. There have been no transfers of assets or liabilities among the fair value hierarchies presented.



	Fair Value Measurements
	Level 1		Level 2			Level 3			Total
Balance as of July 28, 2018
Cash and cash equivalents	$	15,915	$	—		$	—		$	15,915
Restricted cash	26		—			—			26
Available-for-sale securities:
Certificates of deposit	—		6,189			—			6,189
U.S. Government securities	1,986		—			—			1,986
U.S. Government sponsored entities	—		14,971			—			14,971
Municipal bonds	—		4,206			—			4,206
Derivatives - asset position	—		145			—			145
Derivatives - liability position	—		(69		)	—			(69		)
Contingent liabilities	—		—			(2,309		)	(2,309		)
	$	17,927	$	25,442		$	(2,309	)	$	41,060
Balance as of April 28, 2018
Cash and cash equivalents	$	29,727	$	—		$	—		$	29,727
Restricted cash	28		—			—			28
Available-for-sale securities:
Certificates of deposit	—		8,669			—			8,669
U.S. Government securities	992		—			—			992
U.S. Government sponsored entities	—		19,949			—			19,949
Municipal bonds	—		4,912			—			4,912
Derivatives - asset position	—		41			—			41
Derivatives - liability position	—		(236		)	—			(236		)
Contingent liabilities	—		—			(1,000		)	(1,000		)
	$	30,747	$	33,335		$	(1,000	)	$	63,082

A roll forward of the Level 3 contingent liabilities, both short- and long-term, for the three months ended July 28, 2018 is as follows:



Contingent liability as of April 28, 2018	$	1,000
Additions	1,316
Interest	8
Foreign currency translation	(15		)
Contingent liabilities as of July 28, 2018	$	2,309

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument. There have been no changes in the valuation techniques used by us to value our financial instruments.

Cash and cash equivalents: Consists of cash on hand in bank deposits and highly liquid investments, primarily money market accounts. The fair value was measured using quoted market prices in active markets. The carrying amount approximates fair value.

Restricted cash: Consists of cash and cash equivalents held in bank deposit accounts to secure issuances of foreign bank guarantees. The fair value of restricted cash was measured using quoted market prices in active markets. The carrying amount approximates fair value.

Certificates of deposit: Consists of time deposit accounts with original maturities of less than three years and various yields. The fair value of these securities was measured based on valuations observed in less active markets than Level 1 investments from a third-party financial institution. The carrying amount approximates fair value.

U.S. Government securities: Consists of U.S. Government treasury bills, notes, and bonds with original maturities of less than three years and various yields. The fair value of these securities was measured using quoted market prices in active markets.

U.S. Government sponsored entities: Consists of Fannie Mae and Federal Home Loan Bank investment grade debt securities trading with sufficient frequency and volume to enable us to obtain pricing information on an ongoing basis. The fair value of these securities was measured based on valuations observed in less active markets than Level 1 investments. The contractual maturities of these investments vary from one month to three years.

Municipal bonds: Consists of investment grade municipal bonds trading with sufficient frequency and volume to enable us to obtain pricing information on an ongoing basis. The contractual maturities of these investments vary from two to three years. The fair value of these bonds was measured based on valuations observed in less active markets than Level 1 investments.

Derivatives – currency forward contracts: Consists of currency forward contracts trading with sufficient frequency and volume to enable us to obtain pricing information on an ongoing basis. The fair value of these securities was measured based on a valuation from a third-party bank. See "Note 14. Derivative Financial Instruments" for more information regarding our derivatives.

Contingent liabilities: Consists of the fair value of a liability measured on an expected future payment relating to a business acquisition if future financial performance measures are achieved. The contingent liabilities were calculated by estimating the discounted present value of expected future payments for estimated performance measure attainment. To estimate future performance measure attainment, we utilized significant unobservable inputs as of July 28, 2018 and April 28, 2018. The unobservable inputs included management expectations and forecasts for business sales and profits performance and an estimated discount rate based on current borrowing interest rates. To the extent that these assumptions changed, or actual results differed from these estimates, the fair value of the contingent consideration liabilities could change from $2,309 to $0 or increase in proportion to increased business performance from this estimate. The contingent liabilities are presented in the "Current portion of other long-term obligations" and "Other long-term obligations" line items in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Non-recurring measurements: The fair value measurement standard also applies to certain non-financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. Certain long-lived assets such as goodwill, intangible assets and property and equipment are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and are subject to fair value adjustments in certain circumstances, such as when there is evidence of impairment.

Other measurements using fair value: Some of our financial instruments, such as accounts receivable, long-term receivables, prepaid expense and other assets, contract assets and liabilities, accounts payable, warranty obligations, and other long-term obligations, are reflected in the condensed consolidated balance sheets at carrying value, which approximates fair value due to their short-term nature.