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Note 1 - Nature of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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May 01, 2021
Notes to Financial Statements |
Organization, Consolidation, Basis of Presentation, Business Description and Accounting Policies [Text Block] | Note 1. Nature of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Nature of business: Daktronics, Inc. and its subsidiaries are engaged principally in the design, market, and manufacture of a wide range of integrated electronic display systems and related products which are sold in a variety of markets throughout the world and the rendering of related maintenance and professional services. Our products are designed primarily to inform and entertain people through the communication of content. Fiscal year: We operate on a 52- or 53-week fiscal year, with our fiscal year ending on the Saturday closest to April 30 of each year. When April 30 falls on a Wednesday, the fiscal year ends on the preceding Saturday. Within each fiscal year, each quarter is comprised of 13-week periods following the beginning of each fiscal year. In each 53-week year, an additional week is added to the first quarter, and each of the last three quarters is comprised of a 13-week period. The fiscal years ended May 1, 2021 and April 27, 2019 contained operating results for 52 weeks, while the fiscal year ended May 2, 2020 contained operating results for 53 weeks. Principles of consolidation: The consolidated financial statements include Daktronics, Inc. and its subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation. Investments in affiliates: Investments in affiliates over which we have significant influence are accounted for under the equity method of accounting, recording the investment at cost and then subsequently adjusting to account for our share of the affiliates' profit or losses, in accordance with the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 323, Investments - Equity Method and Joint Ventures. Investments in affiliates over which we do not have the ability to exert significant influence over the affiliates' operating and financing activities are accounted for under the cost method of accounting, recording the investment at cost and then subsequently adjusting for any changes in ownership or dividends in accordance with the provisions of ASC 321, Investments - Equity Securities. We have evaluated our relationships with our affiliates and have determined that these entities are not variable interest entities. Cash paid for investments in affiliates and loans to affiliates are included in the "Purchases of and loans to equity investment" line item in our consolidated statements of cash flows. Equity method investments as a whole are assessed for other-than-temporary impairments whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the investment may not be recoverable. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2020, we participated in a Series A investment in X Display Company ("XDC"). XDC creates and owns leading intellectual property (IP) and capabilities in microLED mass transfer technology. This investment will support XDC’s further development in microLED capabilities and applications. MicroLED technologies support Daktronics’ line of narrow pixel pitch LED displays and will enable solutions to move into the realm of less than 1-millimeter pixel spacing. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2021, we invested an additional $5,000, which resulted in a 16.4 percent ownership in XDC. XDC is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. The aggregate amount of investments accounted for under the equity method was $19,887 and $17,257 at May 1, 2021 and May 2, 2020, respectively. Our proportional share of the respective affiliates' earnings or losses is included in the "Other (expense) income, net" line item in our consolidated statements of operations. For fiscal years 2021, 2020, and 2019, our share of the losses of our affiliates was $2,370, $741, and $844, respectively. We purchased services for research and development activities from our equity method investments. The total of these related party transactions for fiscal 2021 was $460, which was included in the "Product design and development" line item in in our condensed consolidated statement of operations, and $470 of this remains unpaid and is included in the "Accounts payable" line item in our condensed consolidated balance sheet. The total of these related party transactions for fiscal 2020 and 2019 was $1,113 and $0, respectively. Summarized financial information for equity method investments consist of the following:
|  | Year Ended |
|  | May 1, 2021 |  |  | May 2, 2020 |  |  | April 27, 2019 |
Balance sheet data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets |  | $ | 7,534 |  |  | $ | 10,593 |  |  | $ | 192 |
Non-current assets |  |  | 4,637 |  |  |  | 4,266 |  |  |  | 2,626 |
Current liabilities |  |  | 2,807 |  |  |  | 2,755 |  |  |  | 839 |
Non-current liabilities |  |  | 1,793 |  |  |  | 4,086 |  |  |  | 2,599 |
Income statement data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  |  | (13,436 | ) |  |  | (1,383 | ) |  |  | (2,168 | )
Use of estimates: The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions affecting the reported amounts of assets and liabilities; the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements; the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period; and our ability to continue as a going concern. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results in future periods may differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near-term relate to the determination of the estimated total costs on uniquely configured contracts and estimated costs to be incurred for product warranties and income taxes. Estimation processes are also used in inventory valuation, the allowance for doubtful accounts, share-based compensation, goodwill impairment, and extended warranty and product maintenance agreements. Changes in estimates are reflected in the periods in which they become known. Cash and cash equivalents: All highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase are considered to be cash equivalents and consist primarily of government repurchase agreements, savings accounts and money market accounts that are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. We maintain our cash in bank deposit accounts, the balances of which at times may exceed federally insured limits. We have not experienced any losses in such accounts. Restricted cash: Restricted cash consists of cash and cash equivalents held in bank deposit accounts to secure issuances of foreign bank guarantees. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the consolidated balance sheets that sum to the totals of the same amounts shown in the consolidated statement of cash flows:
|  | May 1, 2021 |  |  | May 2, 2020 |  |  | April 27, 2019 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 77,590 |  |  | $ | 40,398 |  |  | $ | 35,383 |
Restricted cash |  |  | 2,812 |  |  |  | 14 |  |  |  | 359 |
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the consolidated statements of cash flows |  | $ | 80,402 |  |  | $ | 40,412 |  |  | $ | 35,742 |
Inventories: In accordance with ASC 330, Inventory, our inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) and net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. Cost is measured as the price of the components and allocated expenses for production or betterment of the inventory item. When we estimate net realizable value to be lower than cost, any necessary adjustments are charged to cost of sales in that period. In determining net realizable value, we review various factors such as current inventory levels, forecasted demand, costs of completion, and technological obsolescence. Allowance for doubtful accounts: We make estimates regarding the collectability of our accounts receivable, long-term receivables, contract assets and other receivables. In evaluating the adequacy of our allowance for doubtful accounts, we analyze specific balances, customer creditworthiness, changes in customer payment cycles, and current economic trends. If the financial condition of any customer were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of its ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required. We charge off receivables at such time it is determined collection will not occur in accordance with ASC 310, Receivables. Revenue recognition: Our accounting policies and estimates are in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and are as follows: Contracts are identified and follow the revenue recognition policies when all of the following occur: we have evidence that all parties to the contract have approved the contract and are committed to perform their respective obligations, we can identify each party’s rights regarding the goods or services to be transferred, we can identify the payment terms for the goods or services to be transferred, the contract has commercial substance, and it is probable we will collect substantially all of the consideration to which we would be entitled in exchange for the goods or services. Pre-contract costs are generally expensed as incurred, unless they are directly associated with an anticipated contract and recoverability from that contract is probable. Pre-contract costs directly associated with anticipated contracts expected to be recoverable include $492 and $1,582 as of May 1, 2021 and May 2, 2020, respectively. These are included in the "Inventories" line item in our consolidated balance sheets. At contract inception, we identify performance obligations by reviewing the agreement for material distinct goods and services. Goods and services are distinct when the customer can benefit from them on its own and our promises to transfer these items are identifiable from other promises within the contract. When we are contracted to provide a single promise (an integrated system), we often treat it as a single performance obligation if we are providing goods and services with the same pattern of transfer that are highly integrated or interdependent, that are modified or customized by other goods or services promised, or that provide a combined outcome for which the customer has contracted. When less interdependency or integration is necessary, or when the customer can benefit from distinct items, we separate the contract into multiple performance obligations. We account for extended warranties and other services ("service-type warranties") that represent a distinct service as a separate performance obligation. Our contracts can contain multiple components of transaction price. We evaluate each contract for these components and include fixed consideration, variable consideration, financing components, and non-cash consideration and exclude consideration payable to a customer and sales taxes in the transaction price. When we are responsible for site installations which include subcontracted work, we maintain the contractual responsibilities and risks and include the consideration for these services in the transaction price. When our contract contains variable consideration, including return rights, discounts, claims, unpriced change orders, and liquidated damages, we estimate the transaction price using the expected value (i.e., the sum of the probability-weighted amount) or the most likely amount method, whichever is expected to better predict revenue for that contract situation. We also constrain the revenue to the extent that it is probable that a significant reversal of the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved. We consider the following factors in determining revenue associated with variable consideration: (a) the contract or other evidence providing the legal basis, (b) additional costs caused by unforeseen circumstances, (c) evidence supporting the claim, and (d) historical evidence and patterns of customers. We adjust the contract price for the effects of a significant financing component if we expect, at contract inception, that the period between when we transfer goods and services to a customer will exceed one year from the time the customer pays and represents financing. If the payment structures exceed a year but are structured to account for risks with a contract or correspond to payments on milestones or are scheduled for performance, we do not adjust the contract price for a financing component. See "Note 6. Receivables" for amounts recorded in long-term receivables. When separate performance obligations are identified, we allocate the transaction price to the individual performance obligation based on the best method we judge as faithfully depicting the value of the performance obligation. Many of our contracts are bundled, and we do not have separate selling prices for each performance obligation; therefore, for these contracts, we primarily use the cost plus a margin approach to allocate the relative transaction price to identified performance obligations, as it is the best representative of our pricing methods. Revenue is recognized when we satisfy a performance obligation. We receive payments from customers based on a billing schedule as established in our contracts. Billing schedules include down payments and progress billings over time; set milestone payments that are specific to the project are scheduled for performance-based payments or are set time-based payment(s). Variability in contract assets and contract liabilities relates to the timing of billings and revenue recognition, which can vary significantly depending on contractual payment terms, build and installation schedules and the related timing differences in transfer of control. Balances are also impacted by the seasonality in our business. Significant judgments and estimates are used in our revenue policies. Throughout the revenue cycle, we evaluate contractual evidence, monitor our performance, evaluate variable consideration changes, update estimated costs to complete cost-to-cost projects, and obtain evidence of deliveries or other control change evidence for appropriate and consistent revenue recognition. We maintain internal policies and procedures to provide guidance for those involved in recording revenue. We monitor for changes in our business sales practices and customer interactions to capture the appropriate types of performance obligations and adjust for any change in control terms and conditions. Our material performance obligation types include: Unique configuration contracts: audio-visual communication systems uniquely configured (custom) or integrated for a customer's particular location and system configuration may include all or a combination of the following: engineering services, project management services, video display(s), control solution(s), installation and integration services, scoring and messaging equipment, training, other on-site services, spare parts, software licenses, and assurance-type warranties. We may have multiple performance obligations in these types of contracts; however, a majority are treated as a combined single performance obligation. In our judgment, this accounting treatment is most appropriate because the substantial part of our promise to customers is to provide significant integration services and incorporate individual goods and services into a combined output or system. Often times, the system is customized or significantly modified to the customer's desired configurations and location, and the interrelated goods and services provide utility to the customer as a package. Revenue for uniquely configured (custom) or integrated systems is recognized over time using the cost incurred input method. Over time revenue recognition is appropriate because we have no alternative use for the uniquely configured system and have an enforceable right to payment for work performed. The cost incurred input method measures costs incurred to date compared to estimated total costs for each contract. This method is the most faithful depiction of our performance because it measures the value of the contract transferred to the customer. Costs to perform include direct and indirect costs for contract design, production, integration, installation, and assurance-type warranty reserve. Direct costs include materials and components; manufacturing, project management and engineering labor; and subcontracting expenses. Indirect costs include allocated charges for such items as facilities and equipment depreciation and general overhead. Provisions of estimated losses on uncompleted contracts are made in the period when such losses are capable of being estimated. Contract modifications to existing contracts with customers are evaluated in accordance with the five-step revenue model. We treat contract modifications as a separate contract and new performance obligations when the additional goods or services are distinct and do not add to the unique configuration or are outside the integrated system and when the consideration reflects standalone selling prices. If the additional goods or services offered under the modification enhance the uniquely configured or integrated systems, revenue is allocated to the existing contracts' performance obligation. Modifications may cause changes in the timing of revenue recognition depending on the allocation to various performance obligations. The time between contract order and project completion is typically less than 12 months but may extend longer depending on the amount of custom work and customers’ delivery needs. Limited configuration (standard systems) and after-sale parts contracts: Limited configured (standard systems) or after-sale parts contracts with limited or no configuration or limited integration are recognized as distinct individual performance obligations when material. When not distinct, we combine into one performance obligation the goods and/or services with each other until the bundle of goods or services is distinct. For standard display purchases made in large quantities, we account for each piece of equipment separately as a distinct performance obligation from which a customer derives benefit. Immaterial goods or services in the context of the contract are included with the display system performance obligation. Standard systems and equipment with limited configurations or integrations may include all or a combination (when immaterial) of the following performance obligations: engineering services, project management services, video display(s), control solution(s), installation and integration services, scoring, messaging and audio equipment, training, spare parts, software licenses, assurance-type warranties, and after-sale parts. Revenue is recognized at a point in time when control passes, or over time as services are performed. When fulfilling limited configuration performance obligations, we are typically able to redirect the video displays or scoring, messaging, or audio equipment to another customer without incurring significant economic losses. Therefore, we have an alternative use for the performance obligation and recognize revenue upon our substantial completion and at the point in time we estimate control has transferred to the customer. When limited configured single performance obligations are more service-type (i.e., installation and integration services), we recognize revenue over time using the cost-to-cost input method, which is the most faithful depiction of the customer obtaining control and benefits from the work performed. Services and other: Services sold on a stand-alone basis or after the initial system sale include performance obligations such as event support, control room design, on-site training, equipment service, service-type warranties, technical support, software sold as a service, and other immaterial revenue streams. These are contracted with a customer generally per service event or service type on a stand-alone basis. Services, service type warranties, and other are recognized as net sales when the services are performed, and control is transferred to the customer at a point in time when title or control passes or over time as services are performed and for time-based "stand ready to perform" type obligations. We use professional judgment to determine control transfer. If we have the right to consideration from a customer that directly corresponds with the value of our performance (where we bill a fixed amount for each hour of service provided), we recognize revenue related to the work completed. Software: Revenues from software license fees on sales, other than uniquely configured type contracts, are recognized when delivery of the product has occurred. Subscription-based licenses include the right for a customer to use our licenses and receive related support for a specified term, and revenue is recognized pro-rata over the term of the engagement. Shipping and handling costs: Shipping and handling costs collected from our customers in connection with our sales are recorded as revenue. We record shipping and handling costs as a component of cost of sales at the time the product is shipped. Warranty: We offer a standard parts coverage warranty for periods varying from one to five years for most of our products. We also offer additional types of warranties to include on-site labor, routine maintenance and event support. In addition, the terms of warranties on some installations can vary from one to 10 years. The specific terms and conditions of these warranties vary primarily depending on the type of product sold. We estimate the costs which may be incurred under the contractual warranty obligations (assurance type warranty) and record a liability in the amount of such estimated costs at the time the revenue is recognized. Factors affecting our estimate of the cost of our warranty obligations include historical experience and expectations of future conditions. We continually assess the adequacy of our recorded warranty accruals and, to the extent we experience any changes in warranty claim activity or costs associated with servicing those claims, our accrued warranty obligation is adjusted accordingly. For service-type warranty contracts, we allocate revenue to this performance obligation, recognize the revenue over time, and recognize costs as incurred. Long-term receivables and advertising rights: We occasionally sell and install our products at facilities in exchange for the rights to sell or to retain future advertising revenues. For these transactions, we recognize revenue equal to the amount of the present value of the future advertising payments if enough advertising is sold to obtain normal margins on the contract, and we record the related receivable in long-term receivables. We recognize imputed interest as earned. Property and equipment: In accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment, property and equipment are stated at cost and depreciated principally on the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:
|  | Years |
Buildings and improvements |  | 5 - 40 |
Machinery and equipment |  | 5 - 7 |
Office furniture and equipment |  | 3 - 5 |
Computer software and hardware |  | 3 - 5 |
Equipment held for rental |  | 2 - 7 |
Demonstration equipment |  | 3 - 5 |
Transportation equipment |  | 5 - 7 |
Leasehold improvements are depreciated over the lesser of the useful life of the asset or the term of the lease. Property and equipment held for sale: In accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment, property and equipment held for sale are reported separately when we have a plan to dispose of the asset by sale, it is probable we will find a buyer in the near future, and a change in plan is unlikely. The value is stated at the lower of carrying value or fair value, and no depreciation is charged. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets: In accordance with ASC 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment, we assess long-lived tangible assets and definite-lived intangible assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value may not be recoverable. When evaluating long-lived assets for potential impairment, we first compare the carrying value of the asset to the asset's estimated future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges). If the estimated future cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset, we calculate an impairment loss. The impairment loss calculation compares the carrying value of the asset to the asset's estimated fair value. We recognize an impairment loss if the amount of the asset's carrying value exceeds the asset's estimated fair value. If we recognize an impairment loss, the adjusted carrying amount of the asset becomes its new cost basis. For a depreciable long-lived asset, the new cost basis will be depreciated (amortized) over the remaining useful life of that asset. Our impairment loss calculations contain uncertainties because they require management to make assumptions and to apply judgment to estimate future cash flows and asset fair values, including forecasting useful lives of the assets and selecting the discount rate that reflects the risk inherent in future cash flows. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets: We account for goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives in accordance with ASC 350, Goodwill and Other. Under these provisions, goodwill is not amortized but is tested for impairment on at least an annual basis. Impairment testing is required more often than annually if an event or circumstance indicates an impairment or a decline in value may have occurred. Such circumstances could include, but are not limited to, a worsening trend of orders and sales without a corresponding way to preserve future cash flows or a significant decline in our stock price. In conducting our impairment testing, we utilize a step 0 analysis which allows us to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value. If, based on a review of qualitative factors, it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying value, we perform a quantitative impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the carrying value exceeds the fair value, we measure the amount of impairment loss, if any. If a quantitative analysis is performed, we utilize an income approach to estimate the fair value of each reporting unit. We selected this method because we believe it most appropriately measures our income producing assets. We considered using the market approach and cost approach, but concluded they were not appropriate in valuing our reporting units given the lack of relevant and available market comparisons. The income approach is based on the projected cash flows, which are discounted to their present value using discount rates which consider the timing and risk of the forecasted cash flows. We believe that this approach is appropriate because it provides a fair value estimate based upon the reporting unit's expected long-term operating cash performance. This approach also mitigates the impact of the cyclical trends occurring in the industry. Fair value is estimated using internally developed forecasts and assumptions. The discount rate used is the average estimated value of a market participant’s cost of capital and debt, derived using customary market metrics. Other significant assumptions include terminal value margin rates, future capital expenditures, and changes in future working capital requirements. We also compare and reconcile our overall fair value to our market capitalization. Although there are inherent uncertainties related to the assumptions used and to our application of these assumptions to this analysis, we believe the income approach provides a reasonable estimate of the fair value of our reporting units. The foregoing assumptions to a large degree were consistent with our long-term performance, with limited exceptions. We believe our future investments for capital expenditures as a percent of revenue will remain similar to the historical rates as a percentage of sales in future years. Our investments are expected to relate to equipment replacements and new product line manufacturing equipment needs and to keep our information technology infrastructure robust. These assumptions could deviate materially from actual results. Goodwill was not impaired in any reporting unit based on the outcome of the fiscal 2021 annual impairment test which utilized a quantitative assessment. Foreign currency translation: We follow the provisions of ASC 830, Foreign Currency Matters. Our foreign subsidiaries use the local currency of their respective countries as their functional currency. The assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated at the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. The operating results of foreign operations are translated at weighted average exchange rates. The related translation gains or losses are reported as a separate component of shareholders’ equity in accumulated other comprehensive loss. Income taxes: We account for income taxes in accordance with ASC 740, Income Taxes. We record a tax provision for anticipated tax consequences of the reported results of operations. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using currently enacted tax rates and statutory tax rates applicable to the years in which we expect these temporary differences will affect taxable income. These assets and liabilities are analyzed regularly, and we assess the likelihood that deferred tax assets will be recoverable from future taxable income. When necessary, a valuation allowance is established if it is more likely than not the deferred tax asset will not be realized. We report the net deferred tax asset and liability as a long-term asset or liability. Net deferred assets or liabilities are calculated by combining them based on their jurisdiction. In addition, because we operate in multiple income tax jurisdictions both within the United States and internationally, the calculation of tax liabilities involves significant judgment in estimating the impact of uncertainties in the application of complex tax laws. Resolution of these uncertainties in a manner inconsistent with our expectations could have a material impact on our financial condition and operating results. See "Note 12. Income Taxes" for further information. Comprehensive income (loss): We follow the provisions of ASC 220, Reporting Comprehensive Income, which establishes standards for reporting and displaying comprehensive income and its components, and disclose these components in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Comprehensive (loss) income reflects the change in equity of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. For us, comprehensive income represents net income adjusted for cumulative foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities. The foreign currency translation adjustment included in the comprehensive income calculation has not been tax affected, as the investments in foreign affiliates are deemed to be permanent. Product design and development: We follow the provisions of ASC 730, Research and Development, which states all expenses related to product design and development are charged to operations as incurred. Our product design and development activities include the enhancement of existing products and technologies and the development of new products and technologies. Advertising costs: In accordance with ASC 720-35, Advertising Costs, we expense advertising costs as incurred. Advertising expenses were $843, $2,184 and $2,969 for the fiscal years 2021, 2020 and 2019, respectively. Earnings per share (“EPS”): We follow the provisions of ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, where basic EPS is computed by dividing income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution which may occur if securities or other obligations to issue common stock were exercised or converted into shares of common stock or resulted in the issuance of shares of common stock which share in our earnings. The following is a reconciliation of the net income (loss) and common share amounts used in the calculation of basic and diluted EPS for the fiscal years ended May 1, 2021, May 2, 2020 and April 27, 2019:
|  | Net income (loss) |  |  | Shares |  |  | Per share income (loss) |
For the year ended May 1, 2021: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per share |  | $ | 10,926 |  |  |  | 44,989 |  |  | $ | 0.24 |
Dilution associated with stock compensation plans |  |  | — |  |  |  | 213 |  |  |  | — |
Diluted earnings per share |  | $ | 10,926 |  |  |  | 45,202 |  |  | $ | 0.24 |
For the year ended May 2, 2020: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per share |  | $ | 491 |  |  |  | 45,031 |  |  | $ | 0.01 |
Dilution associated with stock compensation plans |  |  | — |  |  |  | 285 |  |  |  | — |
Diluted earnings per share |  | $ | 491 |  |  |  | 45,316 |  |  | $ | 0.01 |
For the year ended April 27, 2019: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic loss per share |  | $ | (958 | ) |  |  | 44,926 |  |  | $ | (0.02 | )
Dilution associated with stock compensation plans |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Diluted loss per share |  | $ | (958 | ) |  |  | 44,926 |  |  | $ | (0.02 | )
Options outstanding to purchase 2,262, 2,198 and 2,304 shares of common stock with a weighted average exercise price of $9.11, $9.95 and $9.99 for the fiscal years ended May 1, 2021, May 2, 2020 and April 27, 2019, respectively, were not included in the computation of diluted earnings (loss) per share because the effects would be anti-dilutive. Share-based compensation: We account for share-based compensation in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation-Stock Compensation. Under the fair value recognition provisions of ASC 718, we measure share-based compensation cost at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and recognize the compensation expense over the requisite service period, which is the vesting period. See "Note 10. Shareholders' Equity and Share-Based Compensation" for additional information and the assumptions we use to calculate the fair value of share-based employee compensation. Other Business Developments - Coronavirus Pandemic During fiscal 2021, we continued to see impacts of the global spread of the coronavirus pandemic ("COVID-19") and related restrictions, which created and continues to create significant volatility, uncertainty and global economic disruption. We have taken proactive steps to solidify our financial position and mitigate any adverse consequences. Our orders and sales decline indicate the impacts of the pandemic. To align our expenses to the change in the market, we reduced investments in capital assets, reduced executive pay and board member compensation for fiscal 2021, and instituted initiatives to reduce other costs in the business. On April 1, 2020, our board of directors voted to suspend stock repurchases under our share repurchase program and to suspend dividends for the foreseeable future. In addition, throughout fiscal 2021, we temporarily furloughed employees to manage our cost structure to align with decreased demand. A special voluntary retirement and voluntary exit incentive program ("Offering") and two reductions in force ("RIF") were instituted in fiscal 2021 to adjust our capacity and reduce on-going expenses due to the reduced revenue and uncertainties created by the COVID-19 pandemic. During the first quarter of fiscal 2021, 60 employees agreed to participate in the Offering and completed employment. The approximate cost of this Offering was $931 during the first quarter of fiscal 2021. Under the RIF, the employment of 108 employees was terminated with severance totaling $1,426 during the first quarter of fiscal 2021, and the employment of 150 employees was terminated with severance totaling $2,742 during the second quarter of fiscal 2021. We received governmental wage subsidies from various governmental programs related to COVID-19 implications of $1,757 during the fiscal year 2021 and recorded it as a reduction of compensation expense, which is mostly included in the "Costs of sales" line item in our consolidated statements of operations. We also have elected to defer payments of the employer portion of social security taxes during the payroll tax deferral period, which ended on December 31, 2020. As of May 1, 2021, the total amount of such deferral was $5,122, which is included in the "Accrued expenses" and in the "Other long-term obligations" line items in our condensed consolidated balance sheet. Per the terms of the deferral program, 50 percent of the deferred amount is due on December 31, 2021, with the remaining 50 percent due on December 31, 2022. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Accounting Standards Adopted In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both parties to a contract (that is, lessees and lessors). ASU 2016-02 requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase of the leased asset by the lessee. This classification will determine whether the lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. ASU 2016-02 requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing leases and operating leases. In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-10, Codification Improvements to Topic 842 (Leases) and ASU 2018-11, Leases (Topic 842), Targeted Improvements, which provide (i) narrow amendments to clarify how to apply certain aspects of the new lease standard, (ii) entities with an additional transition method to adopt the new standard, and (iii) lessors with a practical expedient for separating components of a contract. We adopted ASU 2016-02 and its related guidance during the first quarter of fiscal 2020 for all agreements existing as of April 28, 2019. We elected the "comparatives under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 840 option" as a transitional method, which allows us to initially apply the new lease requirements at the effective date. Comparative periods were not adjusted and will continue to be reported in accordance with prior lease guidance under ASC 840. We elected the package of practical expedients, which permits us not to reassess our prior conclusions about lease identification, lease classification and initial direct costs. In addition, we have elected the short-term lease recognition whereby we will not recognize operating leases related assets or liabilities for leases with a lease term of less than one year. We have also elected the practical expedient to not separate lease and non-lease components in the lease payments for all asset classes. This adoption did not have an impact on our consolidated statements of operations, shareholders' equity and cash flows, and there was no adjustment to retained earnings. As of April 28, 2019, we recognized a right of use asset for operating leases of $11,101 and a current and non-current lease liability for operating leases of $2,745 and $8,356, respectively. The right of use operating assets are included in the "Investment in affiliates and other assets" line item, the current lease liabilities are included in the "Accrued expenses" line item, and the non-current lease liabilities are included in the "Other long-term obligations" line item in our consolidated balance sheets. See "Note 9. Leases" for more information. In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350), which simplifies the subsequent measurement of goodwill by removing the second step of the two-step impairment test. The amendment requires an entity to perform its annual or interim goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. A goodwill impairment will be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. We adopted ASU 2017-04 during the first quarter of fiscal 2021, and the adoption did not have an impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-03, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which provides guidance regarding the measurement and recognition of credit impairment for certain financial assets. ASU 2016-03 improves financial reporting by requiring more timely recording of credit losses on loans and other financial instruments held by financial institutions and other organizations. Under the new guidance, ASU 2016-03 requires an organization to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable supportable forecasts. We adopted ASU 2016-03 and its related guidance during the first quarter of fiscal 2021, and the adoption did not have a material impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements. We estimate an allowance for doubtful accounts using a loss rate method. We measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable supportable forecasts. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending allowance for doubtful accounts is as follows:
|  | Allowance |
|  | for Doubtful |
|  | Accounts: |
Balance as of May 2, 2020 |  | $ | 2,828 |
Charged to costs and expenses |  |  | 3,318 |
Deductions (1) |  |  | (2,204 | )
Balance as of May 1, 2021 |  | $ | 3,942 |
(1) Includes account collections and write offs Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted There are no significant ASU's issued that we have not yet adopted as of May 1, 2021.

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