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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)
x QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended July 27, 2024
or
o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ___ to ___.
Commission File Number: 001-38747
Daktronics, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

South Dakota |  |  | 46-0306862
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
201 Daktronics Drive | Brookings, | SD | 57006
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)

(605) 692-0200
(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, No Par Value | DAKT | Nasdaq Global Select Market
Preferred Stock Purchase Rights | DAKT | Nasdaq Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | o |  |
Accelerated filer | x |  |
Non-accelerated filer | o |  |
Smaller reporting company | o |  |
Emerging growth company | o |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x
The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of August 26, 2024 was 46,648,863.

Table of Contents
DAKTRONICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
FORM 10-Q
For the Quarter Ended July 27, 2024
Table of Contents

|  | Page
Part I. | Financial Information | 1
Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 1
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of July 27, 2024 and April 27, 2024 | 1
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended July 27, 2024 and July 29, 2023 | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the Three Months Ended July 27, 2024 and July 29, 2023 | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the Three Months Ended July 27, 2024 and July 29, 2023 | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended July 27, 2024 and July 29, 2023 | 7
| Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 8
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 20
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 29
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 29
Part II. | Other Information | 29
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 29
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 29
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 29
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 30
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 30
Item 5. | Other Information | 30
Item 6. | Exhibits | 30
Index to Exhibits | 31
Signatures | 32

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DAKTRONICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except per share data) (unaudited)

| July 27, 2024 |  | April 27, 2024
ASSETS |  |  |
CURRENT ASSETS: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 96,809 |  |  | $ | 81,299 |
Restricted cash | 379 |  |  | 379 |
Accounts receivable, net | 132,021 |  |  | 117,186 |
Inventories | 134,949 |  |  | 138,008 |
Contract assets | 54,129 |  |  | 55,800 |
Current maturities of long-term receivables | 436 |  |  | 298 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 8,579 |  |  | 8,531 |
Income tax receivables | 110 |  |  | 448 |
Total current assets | 427,412 |  |  | 401,949 |
Property and equipment, net | 73,613 |  |  | 71,752 |
Long-term receivables, less current maturities | 119 |  |  | 562 |
Goodwill | 3,197 |  |  | 3,226 |
Intangibles, net | 767 |  |  | 840 |
Debt issuance costs, net | 2,220 |  |  | 2,530 |
Investment in affiliates and other assets | 20,708 |  |  | 21,163 |
Deferred income taxes | 25,850 |  |  | 25,862 |
TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 553,886 |  |  | $ | 527,884 |

1

Table of Contents
DAKTRONICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (continued)
(in thousands, except per share data) (unaudited)

| July 27, 2024 |  | April 27, 2024
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |
CURRENT LIABILITIES: |  |  |
Current portion of long-term debt | $ | 1,500 |  |  | $ | 1,500 |
Accounts payable | 67,265 |  |  | 60,757 |
Contract liabilities | 71,782 |  |  | 65,524 |
Accrued expenses | 39,448 |  |  | 43,028 |
Warranty obligations | 16,408 |  |  | 16,540 |
Income taxes payable | 543 |  |  | 4,947 |
Total current liabilities | 196,946 |  |  | 192,296 |
Long-term warranty obligations | 22,467 |  |  | 21,388 |
Long-term contract liabilities | 17,378 |  |  | 16,342 |
Other long-term obligations | 4,270 |  |  | 5,759 |
Long-term debt, net | 74,472 |  |  | 53,164 |
Deferred income taxes | 142 |  |  | 143 |
Total long-term liabilities | 118,729 |  |  | 96,796 |
SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY: |  |  |
Preferred Shares, no par value, authorized 50 shares; no shares issued and outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common Stock, no par value, authorized 115,000 shares; 48,523 and 48,121 shares issued as of July 27, 2024 and April 27, 2024, respectively | 69,242 |  |  | 65,525 |
Additional paid-in capital | 52,566 |  |  | 52,046 |
Retained earnings | 133,085 |  |  | 138,031 |
Treasury Stock, at cost, 1,907 shares as of July 27, 2024 and April 27, 2024, respectively | (10,285) |  |  | (10,285) |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (6,397) |  |  | (6,525) |
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY | 238,211 |  |  | 238,792 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY | $ | 553,886 |  |  | $ | 527,884 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
2

Table of Contents
DAKTRONICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except per share data)
(unaudited)

| Three Months Ended |  |
| July 27, 2024 |  | July 29, 2023 |  |  |  |
Net sales | $ | 226,088 |  |  | $ | 232,531 |  |  |  |  |
Cost of sales | 166,390 |  |  | 161,384 |  |  |  |  |
Gross profit | 59,698 |  |  | 71,147 |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling | 15,636 |  |  | 12,929 |  |  |  |  |
General and administrative | 11,723 |  |  | 9,599 |  |  |  |  |
Product design and development | 9,623 |  |  | 8,403 |  |  |  |  |
| 36,982 |  |  | 30,931 |  |  |  |  |
Operating income | 22,716 |  |  | 40,216 |  |  |  |  |
Nonoperating (expense) income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest (expense) income, net | (71) |  |  | (881) |  |  |  |  |
Change in fair value of convertible note | (21,590) |  |  | (7,260) |  |  |  |  |
Other expense and debt issuance costs write-off, net | (835) |  |  | (3,979) |  |  |  |  |
Income before income taxes | 220 |  |  | 28,096 |  |  |  |  |
Income tax expense | 5,166 |  |  | 8,900 |  |  |  |  |
Net (loss) income | $ | (4,946) |  |  | $ | 19,196 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 46,311 |  |  | 45,645 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted | 46,311 |  |  | 46,198 |  |  |  |  |
Earnings (loss) per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | (0.11) |  |  | $ | 0.42 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted | $ | (0.11) |  |  | $ | 0.42 |  |  |  |  |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
3

Table of Contents
DAKTRONICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(in thousands)
(unaudited)

| Three Months Ended |  |
| July 27, 2024 |  | July 29, 2023 |  |  |  |
Net (loss) income | $ | (4,946) |  |  | $ | 19,196 |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cumulative translation adjustments | 128 |  |  | (252) |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net of tax | — |  |  | 7 |  |  |  |  |
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 128 |  |  | (245) |  |  |  |  |
Comprehensive (loss) income | $ | (4,818) |  |  | $ | 18,951 |  |  |  |  |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
4

Table of Contents
DAKTRONICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(in thousands)
(unaudited)

| Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  |  |
| Number |  | Amount |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Number |  | Amount |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total
Balance as of April 27, 2024 | 48,121 |  | $ | 65,525 |  |  | $ | 52,046 |  |  | $ | 138,031 |  |  | (1,907) |  | $ | (10,285) |  |  | $ | (6,525) |  |  | $ | 238,792 |
Net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,946) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,946) |
Cumulative translation adjustments | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 128 |  |  | 128 |
Share-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 520 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 520 |
Exercise of stock options | 331 |  |  | 3,148 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,148 |
Employee savings plan activity | 71 |  |  | 569 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 569 |
Balance as of July 27, 2024 | 48,523 |  | $ | 69,242 |  |  | $ | 52,566 |  |  | $ | 133,085 |  |  | (1,907) |  | $ | (10,285) |  |  | $ | (6,397) |  |  | $ | 238,211 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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DAKTRONICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(continued)
(in thousands)
(unaudited)

| Common Stock |  |  |  |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  |  |
| Number |  | Amount |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Number |  | Amount |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Total
Balance as of April 29, 2023 | 47,396 |  | $ | 63,023 |  |  | $ | 50,259 |  |  | $ | 103,410 |  |  | (1,907) |  | $ | (10,285) |  |  | $ | (5,529) |  |  | $ | 200,878 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19,196 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 19,196 |
Cumulative translation adjustments | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (252) |  |  | (252) |
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities, net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 7 |
Share-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | 557 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 557 |
Exercise of stock options | 11 |  |  | 46 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 46 |
Employee savings plan activity | 211 |  | 615 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 615 |
Balance as of July 29, 2023 | 47,618 |  | $ | 63,684 |  |  | $ | 50,816 |  |  | $ | 122,606 |  |  | (1,907) |  | $ | (10,285) |  |  | $ | (5,774) |  |  | $ | 221,047 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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DAKTRONICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
(unaudited)

| Three Months Ended
| July 27, 2024 |  | July 29, 2023
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |
Net (loss) income | $ | (4,946) |  |  | $ | 19,196 |
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 4,893 |  |  | 4,669 |
(Gain) loss on sale of property, equipment and other assets | (20) |  |  | 11 |
Share-based compensation | 520 |  |  | 557 |
Equity in loss of affiliates | 931 |  |  | 690 |
Provision for doubtful accounts, net | 265 |  |  | (65) |
Deferred income taxes, net | 13 |  |  | 12 |
Non-cash impairment charges | — |  |  | 442 |
Change in fair value of convertible note | 21,590 |  |  | 7,260 |
Debt issuance costs write-off | — |  |  | 3,353 |
Change in operating assets and liabilities | (3,765) |  |  | (16,875) |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 19,481 |  |  | 19,250 |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment | (5,081) |  |  | (4,547) |
Proceeds from sales of property, equipment and other assets | 45 |  |  | 27 |
Proceeds from sales or maturities of marketable securities | — |  |  | — |
Purchases of equity and loans to equity investees | (933) |  |  | (1,186) |
Net cash used in investing activities | (5,969) |  |  | (5,706) |
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |
Borrowings on notes payable | — |  |  | 40,000 |
Payments on notes payable | (983) |  |  | (17,750) |
Principal payments on long-term obligations | (103) |  |  | (102) |
Debt issuance costs | — |  |  | (5,838) |
Proceeds from exercise of stock options | 3,148 |  |  | 46 |
Net cash provided by financing activities | 2,062 |  |  | 16,356 |
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH | (64) |  |  | (240) |
NET INCREASE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH | 15,510 |  |  | 29,660 |
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH: |  |  |
Beginning of period | 81,678 |  |  | 24,690 |
End of period | $ | 97,188 |  |  | $ | 54,350 |
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information: |  |  |
Cash paid for: |  |  |
Interest | $ | 889 |  |  | $ | 97 |
Income taxes, net of refunds | 9,081 |  |  | 5,771 |
Supplemental schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable | 2,909 |  |  | 839 |
Contributions of common stock under the ESPP | 569 |  |  | 614 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(dollar amounts in thousands, except per share data)
(unaudited)
Note 1. Basis of Presentation
Daktronics, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the “Company”, “Daktronics”, “we”, “our”, or “us”) are industry leaders in designing and manufacturing electronic scoreboards, programmable display systems and large screen video displays for sporting, commercial and transportation applications.
In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring adjustments) necessary to fairly present our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions affecting the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and the disclosure of contingent liabilities. Estimates used in the preparation of the unaudited consolidated financial statements include, among others, revenue recognition, future warranty expenses, the fair value of long-term debt, the fair value of investments in affiliates, income tax expenses, and stock-based compensation. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results in future periods may differ from those estimates.
Certain information and disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted. The balance sheet as of April 27, 2024 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date, but it does not include all the information and disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and notes thereto for the fiscal year ended April 27, 2024, which are contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full fiscal year.
Daktronics, Inc. operates on a 52- or 53-week fiscal year, with our fiscal year ending on the Saturday closest to April 30 of each year. When April 30 falls on a Wednesday, the fiscal year ends on the preceding Saturday. Within each fiscal year, each quarter is comprised of 13-week periods following the beginning of each fiscal year. In each 53-week fiscal year, an additional week is added to the first quarter, and each of the last three quarters is comprised of a 13-week period. The three months ended July 27, 2024 and July 29, 2023 contained operating results for 13 weeks.
There have been no material changes to our significant accounting policies and estimates as described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 27, 2024.
Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the condensed consolidated balance sheets that sum to the totals of the same amounts shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. Restricted cash consists of cash and cash equivalents held in bank deposit accounts to secure certain issuances of foreign bank guarantees.

| July 27, 2024 |  | July 29, 2023 |  | April 27, 2024
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 96,809 |  |  | $ | 45,775 |  |  | $ | 81,299 |
Restricted cash | 379 |  |  | 8,575 |  |  | 379 |
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows | $ | 97,188 |  |  | $ | 54,350 |  |  | $ | 81,678 |

We have foreign currency cash accounts to operate our global business. These accounts are impacted by changes in foreign currency rates. Of our $96,809 in cash and cash equivalent balances as of July 27, 2024, $81,246 were denominated in United States dollars, of which $1,649 were held by our foreign subsidiaries. As of July 27, 2024, we had an additional $15,563 in cash balances denominated in foreign currencies, of which $10,922 were maintained in accounts of our foreign subsidiaries.
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Recent Accounting Pronouncements
Accounting Standards Adopted
There are no significant Accounting Standard Updates ("ASU") issued that were adopted in the three months ended July 27, 2024.
Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted
In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280), Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures ("ASU 2023-07"). ASU 2023-07 requires enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The Company is required to adopt ASU 2023-07 for its annual reporting in fiscal year 2025 and for interim period reporting beginning in the first quarter of fiscal year 2026 on a retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2023-07 on our segment disclosures.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740) Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures ("ASU 2023-09"). ASU 2023-09 requires the disclosure of specified additional information in its income tax rate reconciliation and to provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. ASU 2023-09 will also require disaggregation of income taxes paid disclosure by federal, state and foreign taxes, with further disaggregation required for significant individual jurisdictions. The Company is required to adopt this guidance for its annual reporting in fiscal year 2026 on a prospective basis. Early adoption and retroactive application are permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2023-09 on our income tax disclosures.
Note 2. Investments in Affiliates
We use the equity method to account for investments in companies if our investment provides us with the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies of the investee. Our consolidated net (loss) income includes our Company's proportionate share of the net income or loss of these companies. Our judgment regarding the level of influence over each equity method investee includes considering key factors such as our ownership interest, representation on the board of directors, participation in policy-making decisions, other commercial arrangements, and material intercompany transactions. We evaluated the nature of our investment in affiliates of Xdisplay TM ("XDC"), which is developing micro-LED mass transfer expertise and technologies, and Miortech (dba Etulipa), which is developing low power outdoor electrowetting technology. Our ownership in Miortech was 55.9 percent and in XDC was 16.4 percent as of July 27, 2024. The aggregate amount of our investments accounted for under the equity method was $893 and $1,813 as of July 27, 2024 and April 27, 2024, respectively.
We determined both entities are variable interest entities, and based on management's analysis, we determined that Daktronics is not the primary beneficiary because the power criterion was not met; therefore, the investments in Miortech and XDC are accounted for under the equity method. Our consolidated net (loss) income includes our Company's proportionate share of the net income or loss of each affiliates. Our proportional share of the respective affiliates' earnings or losses is included in the "Other expense and debt issuance costs write-off, net" line item in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. For the three months ended July 27, 2024, our share of the losses of our affiliates was $931 as compared to $690 for the three months ended July 29, 2023.
We review our investments in affiliates for impairment indicators. There were no impairments recorded during three months ended July 27, 2024 compared to an impairment of $442 the first quarter of fiscal 2024.
We purchased services for research and development activities from our equity method investees. The total of these related party transactions for the three months ended July 27, 2024 and July 29, 2023 was $223 and $78, respectively, which is included in the "Product design and development" line item in our condensed consolidated statements of operations, and for the three months ended July 27, 2024 and July 29, 2023, $123 and $2, respectively, remains unpaid and is included in the "Accounts payable" line item in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
We also have advanced our affiliates convertible and promissory notes (collectively, the "Affiliate Notes"). We advanced $958 in the three months ended July 27, 2024 and $5,050 in fiscal year 2024 under the Affiliate Notes. The total outstanding amount of the Affiliate Notes was $15,371 and $14,241 as of July 27, 2024 and April 27, 2024, respectively. The balances of Affiliate Notes are included in the "Investments in affiliates and other assets" line item in our condensed consolidated balance sheets. We evaluate the Affiliate Notes for impairment and credit losses. As of July 27, 2024 and
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April 27, 2024, no provision for losses was recorded as management's analysis concluded the Affiliate Notes were collectable or realizable based on the rights of these instruments and related valuation of each affiliate.
The Affiliate Notes balance combined with the investment in affiliates balance totaled $16,264 and $16,054 as of July 27, 2024 and April 27, 2024, respectively.
Note 3. Earnings Per Share ("EPS")
We follow the provisions of Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC 260"), Earnings Per Share, where basic earnings per share ("EPS") is computed by dividing income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution which may occur if securities or other obligations to issue common stock were exercised or converted into shares of common stock or resulted in the issuance of shares of common stock which share in our earnings.
The following is a reconciliation of the net (loss) income and common share amounts used in the calculation of basic and diluted EPS for the three months ended July 27, 2024 and July 29, 2023:

| Three Months Ended |  |
| July 27, 2024 |  | July 29, 2023 |  |  |  |
Earnings per share - basic |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net (loss) income | $ | (4,946) |  |  | $ | 19,196 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding | 46,311 |  |  | 45,645 |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings (loss) per share | $ | (0.11) |  |  | $ | 0.42 |  |  |  |  |
Earnings per share - diluted |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net (loss) income | $ | (4,946) |  |  | $ | 19,196 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted net (loss) income | $ | (4,946) |  |  | $ | 19,196 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average common shares outstanding | 46,311 |  |  | 45,645 |  |  |  |  |
Dilution associated with stock compensation plans | — |  |  | 553 |  |  |  |  |
Dilution associated with convertible note | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average common shares outstanding, assuming dilution | 46,311 |  |  | 46,198 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted earnings (loss) per share | $ | (0.11) |  |  | $ | 0.42 |  |  |  |  |

Options outstanding to purchase 161 and 1,326 shares of common stock with a weighted average exercise price of $12.52 and $8.97 for the three months ended July 27, 2024 and July 29, 2023, respectively, were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the effects would be anti-dilutive.
During the three months ended July 27, 2024 and July 29, 2023, shares of common stock issuable upon conversion of the secured convertible note in the original principal payment of $25,000 due on May 11, 2027 (the "Convertible Note") were not included in the computation of diluted EPS, as the effect would be anti-dilutive. For the three months ended July 27, 2024 and July 29, 2023, 4,037 and 3,549, respectively, potential common shares related to the convertible note issued by the Company to Alta Fox Opportunities Fund, LP, were excluded from the calculation of diluted EPS.
Note 4. Revenue Recognition
Disaggregation of revenue
In accordance with ASC 606-10-50, we disaggregate revenue from contracts with customers by the type of performance obligation and the timing of revenue recognition. We determine that disaggregating revenue in these categories achieves
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the disclosure objective to depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors and to enable users of financial statements to understand the relationship to each reportable segment.
The following table presents our disaggregation of revenue by segments:

| Three Months Ended July 27, 2024
Commercial |  | Live Events |  | High School Park and Recreation |  | Transportation |  | International |  | Total
Type of performance obligation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unique configuration | $ | 2,262 |  |  | $ | 94,318 |  |  | $ | 10,634 |  |  | $ | 14,536 |  |  | $ | 2,614 |  |  | $ | 124,364 |
Limited configuration | 26,300 |  |  | 8,294 |  |  | 35,148 |  |  | 6,609 |  |  | 8,072 |  |  | 84,423 |
Service and other | 5,637 |  |  | 5,996 |  |  | 2,224 |  |  | 1,345 |  |  | 2,099 |  |  | 17,301 |
| $ | 34,199 |  |  | $ | 108,608 |  |  | $ | 48,006 |  |  | $ | 22,490 |  |  | $ | 12,785 |  |  | $ | 226,088 |
Timing of revenue recognition |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goods/services transferred at a point in time | $ | 29,513 |  |  | $ | 10,750 |  |  | $ | 35,379 |  |  | $ | 7,561 |  |  | $ | 9,141 |  |  | $ | 92,344 |
Goods/services transferred over time | 4,686 |  |  | 97,858 |  |  | 12,627 |  |  | 14,929 |  |  | 3,644 |  |  | 133,744 |
| $ | 34,199 |  |  | $ | 108,608 |  |  | $ | 48,006 |  |  | $ | 22,490 |  |  | $ | 12,785 |  |  | $ | 226,088 |

| Three Months Ended July 29, 2023
Commercial |  | Live Events |  | High School Park and Recreation |  | Transportation |  | International |  | Total
Type of performance obligation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unique configuration | $ | 12,918 |  |  | $ | 76,547 |  |  | $ | 15,119 |  |  | $ | 12,584 |  |  | $ | 8,790 |  |  | $ | 125,958 |
Limited configuration | 29,913 |  |  | 9,961 |  |  | 40,337 |  |  | 8,067 |  |  | 5,239 |  |  | 93,517 |
Service and other | 4,052 |  |  | 5,491 |  |  | 778 |  |  | 718 |  |  | 2,017 |  |  | 13,056 |
| $ | 46,883 |  |  | $ | 91,999 |  |  | $ | 56,234 |  |  | $ | 21,369 |  |  | $ | 16,046 |  |  | $ | 232,531 |
Timing of revenue recognition |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Goods/services transferred at a point in time | $ | 31,018 |  |  | $ | 10,777 |  |  | $ | 39,081 |  |  | $ | 8,267 |  |  | $ | 5,843 |  |  | $ | 94,986 |
Goods/services transferred over time | 15,865 |  |  | 81,222 |  |  | 17,153 |  |  | 13,102 |  |  | 10,203 |  |  | 137,545 |
| $ | 46,883 |  |  | $ | 91,999 |  |  | $ | 56,234 |  |  | $ | 21,369 |  |  | $ | 16,046 |  |  | $ | 232,531 |

See "Note 5. Segment Reporting" for a disaggregation of revenue by geography.
Contract balances
Contract assets represent revenue recognized in excess of amounts billed and include unbilled receivables. Unbilled receivables, which represent an unconditional right to payment subject only to the passage of time, are reclassified to accounts receivable when they are billed according to the contract terms. Contract liabilities represent amounts billed to customers in excess of revenue recognized to date.
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The following table reflects the changes in our contract assets and liabilities:

| July 27, 2024 |  | April 27, 2024 |  | Dollar Change |  | Percent Change
Contract assets | $ | 54,129 |  |  | $ | 55,800 |  |  | $ | (1,671) |  |  | (3.0) | %
Contract liabilities - current | 71,782 |  |  | 65,524 |  |  | 6,258 |  |  | 9.6 |
Contract liabilities - noncurrent | 17,378 |  |  | 16,342 |  |  | 1,036 |  |  | 6.3 |

The changes in our contract assets and contract liabilities from April 27, 2024 to July 27, 2024 were due to the timing of billing schedules and revenue recognition, which can vary significantly depending on the contractual payment terms and the seasonality of the sports markets. We had no significant impairments of contract assets for the three months ended July 27, 2024.
For service-type warranty contracts, we allocate revenue to this performance obligation, recognize the revenue over time, and recognize costs as incurred. Earned and unearned revenues for these contracts are included in the "Contract assets" and "Contract liabilities" line items of our condensed consolidated balance sheets. Changes in unearned service-type warranty contracts, net were as follows:

| July 27, 2024
Balance as of April 27, 2024 | $ | 32,159 |
New contracts sold | 12,269 |
Less: reductions for revenue recognized | (10,188) |
Foreign currency translation and other | (485) |
Balance as of July 27, 2024 | $ | 33,755 |

Contracts in progress identified as loss contracts as of July 27, 2024 and April 27, 2024 were immaterial. Loss provisions are recorded in the "Accrued expenses" line item in our condensed consolidated balance sheets.
During the three months ended July 27, 2024, we recognized revenue of $39,918 related to our contract liabilities as of April 27, 2024.
Remaining performance obligations
As of July 27, 2024, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations was $332,665. Remaining performance obligations related to product and service agreements as of July 27, 2024 were $267,207 and $65,458, respectively. We expect approximately $268,362 of our remaining performance obligations to be recognized over the next 12 months, with the remainder recognized thereafter. Although remaining performance obligations reflect business that is considered to be legally binding, cancellations, deferrals or scope adjustments may occur. Any known project cancellations, revisions to project scope and cost, foreign currency exchange fluctuations, and project deferrals are reflected or excluded in the remaining performance obligation balance, as appropriate. The amount of revenue recognized associated with performance obligations satisfied in prior years during the three months ended July 27, 2024 and July 29, 2023 was immaterial.
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Note 5. Segment Reporting
The following table sets forth certain financial information for each of our five reporting segments for the periods indicated:

| Three Months Ended |  |
July 27, 2024 |  | July 29, 2023 |  |  |  |
Net sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | $ | 34,199 |  |  | $ | 46,883 |  |  |  |  |
Live Events | 108,608 |  |  | 91,999 |  |  |  |  |
High School Park and Recreation | 48,006 |  |  | 56,234 |  |  |  |  |
Transportation | 22,490 |  |  | 21,369 |  |  |  |  |
International | 12,785 |  |  | 16,046 |  |  |  |  |
| 226,088 |  |  | 232,531 |  |  |  |  |
Gross profit: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | 7,595 |  |  | 12,769 |  |  |  |  |
Live Events | 26,028 |  |  | 27,940 |  |  |  |  |
High School Park and Recreation | 17,316 |  |  | 20,825 |  |  |  |  |
Transportation | 7,749 |  |  | 7,089 |  |  |  |  |
International | 1,010 |  |  | 2,524 |  |  |  |  |
| 59,698 |  |  | 71,147 |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling | 15,636 |  |  | 12,929 |  |  |  |  |
General and administrative | 11,723 |  |  | 9,599 |  |  |  |  |
Product design and development | 9,623 |  |  | 8,403 |  |  |  |  |
| 36,982 |  |  | 30,931 |  |  |  |  |
Operating income | 22,716 |  |  | 40,216 |  |  |  |  |
Nonoperating (expense) income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest (expense) income, net | (71) |  |  | (881) |  |  |  |  |
Change in fair value of convertible note | (21,590) |  |  | (7,260) |  |  |  |  |
Other expense and debt issuance costs write-off, net | (835) |  |  | (3,979) |  |  |  |  |
Income before income taxes | $ | 220 |  |  | $ | 28,096 |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commercial | $ | 1,082 |  |  | $ | 1,042 |  |  |  |  |
Live Events | 1,429 |  |  | 1,613 |  |  |  |  |
High School Park and Recreation | 533 |  |  | 462 |  |  |  |  |
Transportation | 202 |  |  | 168 |  |  |  |  |
International | 562 |  |  | 566 |  |  |  |  |
Unallocated corporate depreciation and amortization | 1,085 |  |  | 818 |  |  |  |  |
| $ | 4,893 |  |  | $ | 4,669 |  |  |  |  |

No single geographic area comprises a material amount of our net sales or property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation, other than the United States. The following table presents information about net sales and property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation, in the United States and elsewhere:
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| Three Months Ended |  |
July 27, 2024 |  | July 29, 2023 |  |  |  |
Net sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States | $ | 207,219 |  |  | $ | 214,593 |  |  |  |  |
Outside United States | 18,869 |  |  | 17,938 |  |  |  |  |
| $ | 226,088 |  |  | $ | 232,531 |  |  |  |  |

| July 27, 2024 |  | April 27, 2024
Property and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation: |  |  |
United States | $ | 66,168 |  |  | $ | 64,332 |
Outside United States | 7,445 |  |  | 7,420 |
| $ | 73,613 |  |  | $ | 71,752 |

We have numerous customers worldwide for sales of our products and services, and no customer accounted for 10 percent or more of net sales; therefore, we are not economically dependent on a limited number of customers for the sale of our products and services.
We have numerous raw material and component suppliers, and no supplier accounts for 10 percent or more of our cost of sales; however, we have a complex global supply chain subject to geopolitical and transportation risks and a number of single-source suppliers that could limit our supply or cause delays in obtaining raw materials and components needed in manufacturing.
Note 6. Goodwill
The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill related to each segment with a goodwill balance for the three months ended July 27, 2024 were as follows:

|  |  | Commercial |  | Transportation |  |  |  | Total
Balance as of April 27, 2024 |  |  | $ | 3,188 |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,226 |
Foreign currency translation |  |  | (23) |  |  | (6) |  |  |  |  | (29) |
Balance as of July 27, 2024 |  |  | $ | 3,165 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,197 |

We perform an analysis of goodwill on an annual basis, and it is tested for impairment more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that an asset might be impaired. Our annual analysis is performed during our third quarter of each fiscal year based on the goodwill amount as of the first business day of our third fiscal quarter.
Accumulated impairments to goodwill as of July 27, 2024 were $4,576.
Note 7. Financing Agreements
Long-term debt consists of the following:
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| July 27, 2024 |  | April 27, 2024
Mortgage | 13,500 |  |  | 13,875 |
Convertible note | 25,000 |  |  | 25,000 |
Long-term debt, gross | 38,500 |  |  | 38,875 |
Debt issuance costs, net | (668) |  |  | (761) |
Change in fair value of convertible note | 38,140 |  |  | 16,550 |
Current portion | (1,500) |  |  | (1,500) |
Long-term debt, net | $ | 74,472 |  |  | $ | 53,164 |

Credit Agreements
On May 11, 2023, we closed on a $75,000 senior credit facility (the "Credit Facility"). The Credit Facility consists of a $60,000 asset-based revolving credit facility (the "ABL") maturing on May 11, 2026, which is secured by a first priority lien on the Company's assets, and a $15,000 delayed draw loan (the "Delayed Draw Loan") secured by a first priority mortgage on our Brookings, South Dakota real estate (the "Mortgage").
Under the ABL, certain factors can impact our borrowing capacity. As of July 27, 2024, our borrowing capacity was $38,568, there were no borrowings outstanding, and there was $5,343 used to secure letters of credit outstanding. The interest rate on the ABL is set on a sliding scale based on the trailing 12-month fixed charge coverage and ranges from 2.5 to 3.5 percent over the standard overnight financing rate (SOFR).
The $15,000 Delayed Draw Loan was funded on July 7, 2023. It amortizes over 10 years and has monthly payments of $125. The Delayed Draw Loan is subject to the terms of the Credit Agreement and matures on May 11, 2026. The interest rate on the Delayed Draw Loan is set on a sliding scale based on the trailing 12-month fixed charge coverage ratio and ranges between 1.0 and 2.0 percent over the Commercial Bank Floating Rate (CBFR). The interest rate as of July 27, 2024 for Delayed Draw Loan was 9.5 percent.
Convertible Note
On May 11, 2023, we borrowed $25,000 in aggregate principal amount evidenced by the secured convertible note (the "Convertible Note") due May 11, 2027. Alta Fox Opportunities Fund, LP, as the holder (the "Holder") of the Convertible Note has a second priority lien on assets securing the ABL facility and a first priority lien on substantially all of the other assets of the Company, excluding all real property.
Conversion Features
•The Convertible Note allows the Holder and any of the Holder’s permitted transferees, donees, pledgees, assignees or successors-in-interest (collectively, the “Selling Shareholders”) to convert all or any portion of the principal amount of the Convertible Note, together with any accrued and unpaid interest and any other unpaid amounts, including late charges, if any (together, the “Conversion Amount”), into shares of the Company’s common stock at an initial conversion price of $6.31 per share, subject to adjustment in accordance with the terms of the Convertible Note (the “Conversion Price”).
•The Company also has a forced conversion right, which is exercisable on the occurrence of certain conditions set forth in the Convertible Note, pursuant to which it can cause all or any portion of the outstanding and unpaid Conversion Amount to be converted into shares of common stock at the Conversion Price.
Additionally, if the Company fails other than by reason of a failure by the Holder to comply with its obligations, the Holder is permitted to cash payments from the Company until such conversion failure is cured.
Redemption Features
•If the Company were to have an "Event of Default", as defined by the Convertible Note, then the Holder may require the Company to redeem all or any portion of the Convertible Note.
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•If the Company has a "Change of Control", as defined by the Convertible Note, then the Holder is entitled to payment of the outstanding amount of the Convertible Note at the "Change in Control Redemption Price," as defined in the Convertible Note.
Interest
Interest accruing under the Convertible Note is payable, at the option of the Company, in either (i) cash or (ii) a combination of cash interest and capitalized interest; provided, however, that at least fifty percent (50%) of the interest paid on each interest date must be paid as cash interest. The Convertible Note accrues interest quarterly at an annual rate of 9.0 percent when interest is paid in cash or an annual rate of 10.0 percent if interest is paid in kind. Upon an event of default under the Convertible Note, the annual interest rate will increase to 12.0 percent. The annual rate of 9.0 percent was used to calculate the interest accrued as of July 27, 2024, as interest will be paid in cash.
We elected the fair value option to account for the Convertible Note as described in "Note 10. Fair Value Measurement" of the Notes to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-Q. The financial liability was initially measured at its issue-date fair value and is subsequently remeasured at fair value on a recurring basis at each reporting period date. We have elected to present the fair value and the accrued interest component separately in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Therefore, interest will be recognized and accrued separately in interest expense, with changes in fair value of the Convertible Note presented in the "Change in fair value of convertible note" line item in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.
The changes in fair value of the Convertible Note during the three months ended July 27, 2024 are as follows:

| Liability Component
| (in thousands)
Balance as of April 27, 2024 | $ | 41,550 |
Redemption of convertible promissory note | — |
Fair value change recognized | 21,590 |
Balance as of July 27, 2024 | $ | 63,140 |

The estimated fair value of the Convertible Note upon its issuance date of May 11, 2023 and as of July 27, 2024 was computed using a binomial lattice model which incorporates significant inputs that are not observable in the market and thus represents a Level 3 measurement.
We determined the fair value by using the following key assumptions in the binomial lattice model:

Risk-Free Rate (Annual) | 4.19 | %
Implied Yield | 15.98 | %
Volatility (Annual) | 45.00 | %
Dividend Yield (Annual) | — | %

The Credit Agreement and the Convertible Note require a fixed charge coverage ratio of greater than 1.1 and include other customary non-financial covenants. As of July 27, 2024, we were in compliance with our financial covenants under the Credit Agreement and the Convertible Note.
Debt Issuance Costs
Debt issuance costs incurred and capitalized are amortized on a straight-line basis over the term of the associated debt agreement. If early principal payments or conversions occur, a proportional amount of unamortized debt issuance costs is expensed. As part of these financings, we capitalized $8,195 in debt issuance costs. During the three months ended July 29, 2023, due to the Convertible Note being accounted for at fair value, we expensed $3,353 of the related debt issuance costs which is included in the "Other expense and debt issuance costs write-off, net" line item in our condensed consolidated statements of operations. During the three months ended July 27, 2024 and July 29, 2023, we amortized $403 and $328, respectively, of debt issuance costs. The remaining debt issuance costs of $2,888 are being amortized over the remaining two-year term of the Credit Facility.
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Future Maturities
Aggregate contractual maturities of debt in future fiscal years are as follows:

Fiscal years ending | Amount
Remainder of 2025 | $ | 1,125 |
2026 | 1,500 |
2027 | 10,875 |
2028 | 25,000 |
2029 | — |
Total debt | $ | 38,500 |

Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation: We are a party to legal proceedings and claims which arise during the ordinary course of business. We review our legal proceedings and claims, regulatory reviews and inspections, and other legal matters on an ongoing basis and follow appropriate accounting guidance when making accrual and disclosure decisions. We establish accruals for those contingencies when the incurrence of a loss is probable and can be reasonably estimated, and we disclose the amount accrued and the amount of a reasonably possible loss in excess of the amount accrued if such disclosure is necessary for our financial statements to not be misleading. We do not record an accrual when the likelihood of loss being incurred is probable, but the amount cannot be reasonably estimated, or when the loss is believed to be only reasonably possible or remote, although disclosures will be made for material matters as required by ASC 450-20, Contingencies - Loss Contingencies. Our assessment of whether a loss is reasonably possible or probable is based on our assessment and consultation with legal counsel regarding the ultimate outcome of the matter following all appeals.
For other unresolved legal proceedings or claims, we do not believe there is a reasonable probability that any material loss would be incurred. Accordingly, no material accrual or disclosure of a potential range of loss has been made related to these matters. We do not expect the ultimate liability of these unresolved legal proceedings or claims to have a material effect on our financial position, liquidity, or capital resources.
Warranties: Changes in our warranty obligation for the three months ended July 27, 2024 consisted of the following:

| July 27, 2024
Balance as of April 27, 2024 | $ | 37,928 |
Warranties issued during the period | 4,017 |
Settlements made during the period | (3,519) |
Changes in accrued warranty obligations for pre-existing warranties during the period, including expirations | 449 |
Balance as of July 27, 2024 | $ | 38,875 |

Performance guarantees: We have entered into standby letters of credit, bank guarantees and surety bonds with financial institutions relating to the guarantee of our future performance on contracts, primarily construction-type contracts. As of July 27, 2024, we had outstanding letters of credit and surety bonds in the amount of $5,343 and $15,729, respectively. Performance guarantees are issued to certain customers to guarantee the operation and installation of the equipment and our ability to complete a contract. These performance guarantees have various terms but generally have a term of one year. We enter into written agreements with our customers, and those agreements often contain indemnification provisions that require us to make the customer whole if certain acts or omissions by us cause the customer financial loss. We make efforts to negotiate reasonable caps and limitations on the recovery of such damages. As of July 27, 2024, we were not aware of any material indemnification claims.
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Note 9. Income Taxes
Our effective tax rate for the first quarter of fiscal 2025 was skewed due to the impact of the fair value in the Convertible Note in proportion to the period's small pre-tax income. The effective tax rate was 31.7 percent for the three months ended July 29, 2023. Both periods' income before taxes included the impacts of the change in the Convertible Note fair value adjustment. These changes are not deductible or taxable, which is the primary driver for each period's effective tax rate.
We operate both domestically and internationally and, as of July 27, 2024, the undistributed earnings of our foreign subsidiaries were considered to be reinvested indefinitely. Additionally, as of July 27, 2024, we had $495 of unrecognized tax benefits which would reduce our effective tax rate if recognized.
Note 10. Fair Value Measurement
The following table sets forth by level within the fair value hierarchy our financial assets and liabilities that were accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of July 27, 2024 and April 27, 2024 according to the valuation techniques we used to determine their fair values. There have been no transfers of assets or liabilities among the fair value hierarchies presented.

| Fair Value Measurements
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3 |  | Total
Balance as of July 27, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 96,809 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 96,809 |
Restricted cash | 379 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 379 |
Convertible note | — |  |  | — |  |  | (63,140) |  |  | (63,140) |
| $ | 97,188 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (63,140) |  |  | $ | 34,048 |
Balance as of April 27, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 81,299 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 81,299 |
Restricted cash | 379 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 379 |
Convertible note | — |  |  | — |  |  | (41,550) |  |  | (41,550) |
| $ | 81,678 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (41,550) |  |  | $ | 40,128 |

We elected to value the Convertible Note at fair value in accordance with ASC 825-10-15-4(a) because of the embedded derivatives contained in the Convertible Note. The fair value of the Convertible Note was estimated using a binomial lattice model. Binomial lattice allows for the examination of the value to a holder and understanding the investment decision that would occur at each node.
The fair value of the Convertible Note entered into during the first quarter of fiscal 2024 was classified as Level 3 because certain inputs for the valuation were not readily determinable or observable.
There have been no other changes in the valuation techniques used by us to value our financial instruments since the end of fiscal 2024. For additional information, see our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 27, 2024 for the methods and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instrument.
Note 11. Related Party Transactions
The Company's Board of Directors has adopted a written policy and procedures with respect to related party transactions, which the Audit Committee oversees. Under the policy, a "related party transaction" is generally defined as a transaction, arrangement, or relationship in which the Company was, is or will be a participant; the amount involved exceeds $120; and in which any "related person" had, has or will have a direct or indirect material interest. The policy generally defines a "related person" as a Director, executive officer or beneficial owner of more than five percent of any class of our voting securities and any immediate family member of any of the foregoing persons.
The Audit Committee reviews and, if appropriate, approves related party transactions, including certain transactions which are deemed to be pre-approved under the policy. On an annual basis, the Audit Committee reviews any previously approved related party transaction that is ongoing.
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As reported in Part II, Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the section entitled “Liquidity and Capital Resources” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 27, 2024, effective on May 11, 2023, the Company entered into the Securities Purchase Agreement with the Holder of the Convertible Note. Under the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company sold and issued to the Holder the Convertible Note in exchange for the payment by the Holder to the Company of $25,000. As of May 11, 2023, and based on Amendment No. 2 to the Schedule 13D filed by the Holder and its affiliates named therein on May 15, 2023 with the SEC, the Holder and its affiliates beneficially owned 4,768 shares of common stock of the Company, representing 9.99 percent of the Company’s common stock, causing the Holder to be a “related party” of the Company under the Company’s written policy and procedures and the applicable definitions under the Securities Act of 1933. The Securities Purchase Agreement, the Convertible Note, the Pledge and Security Agreement dated as of May 11, 2023 by and between the Holder and the Company, and the Registration Rights Agreement were approved in advance of their execution by the Company’s Strategy and Financing Review Committee, the members of which include all members of the Company’s Audit Committee.
Since May 11, 2023, the largest aggregate amount outstanding under the Convertible Note was $25,563, consisting of $25,000 of principal and $563 of interest. In the first three months of fiscal 2025, we have made interest payments of $375 under the Convertible Note.
The description of the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Convertible Note, the Pledge and Security Agreement, and the Registration Rights Agreement dated as of May 11, 2023 by and between the Holder and the Company and their respective terms set forth in Part II, Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the section entitled “Liquidity and Capital Resources” of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 27, 2024 is hereby incorporated by reference into this Report. In addition, the Company is a party to the Standstill and Voting Agreement dated as of March 19, 2023 with Alta Fox Management, LLC and Connor Haley (the “Standstill Agreement”), who are affiliates of the Holder.
As described in Amendment No. 3 (“Amendment No. 3”) to the Schedule 13D filed by the Holder and its affiliates named therein on June 9, 2023 with the SEC, and based on other information provided by the Holder, the following persons may be deemed to be beneficial owners of the shares of the Company’s common stock beneficially owned by the Holder: Alta Fox GenPar, LP, as the general partner of Alta Fox Opportunities Fund, LP; Alta Fox Equity, LLC, as the general partner of Alta Fox GenPar, LP; Alta Fox Capital Management, LLC, as the investment manager of Alta Fox Opportunities Fund, LP; and P. Connor Haley, as the sole owner, member and manager of each of Alta Fox Capital Management, LLC and Alta Fox Equity LLC.
On June 7, 2023, the Company received from the Holder a written notice of a decrease in the “Percentage Cap” (as such term is defined in the Convertible Note) from 9.99 percent to 4.99 percent, which decrease became effective immediately upon the Company’s receipt of such written notice. The Percentage Cap generally represents the maximum percentage of shares of the Company’s common stock the Holder may own. In Amendment No. 3, the Holder and its affiliates identified in Amendment No. 3 owned 2,293 shares of common stock on June 9, 2023, representing 4.99 percent of the common stock of the Company, meaning the Holder and its affiliates are no longer “related parties” of the Company under the Company’s written policy and procedures and the applicable definitions under the Securities Act of 1933.
During the first three months of fiscal 2024, the Company and the South Dakota Board of Regents entered into a contract for a video display system for Dakota State University. The amount of the contract was $150. A member of the Company's Board of Directors is the President of Dakota State University.
See "Note 2. Investments in Affiliates" for further details of related party transactions with our investments in the Affiliate Notes issued by our affiliates.
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Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This section entitled "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" (“MD&A”) is intended to provide a reader of our financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of management on our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity, and certain other factors that may affect our future results. The MD&A provides a narrative analysis explaining the reasons for material changes in the Company’s (i) financial condition during the period from the most recent fiscal year-end, April 27, 2024, to and including July 27, 2024 and (ii) results of operations during the current fiscal period(s) as compared to the corresponding period(s) of the preceding fiscal year.
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including the MD&A, contains "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and financial performance. The words "may," "would," "could," "should," "will," "expect," "estimate," "anticipate," "believe," "intend," "plan," "forecast," "project" and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Any and all forecasts and projections in this document are “forward-looking statements” and are based on management’s current expectations or beliefs. From time to time, we may also provide oral and written forward-looking statements in other materials we release to the public, such as press releases, presentations to securities analysts or investors, or other communications by us. Any or all forward-looking statements in this report and in any public statements we make could be materially different from actual results. Accordingly, we wish to caution investors that any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of us are subject to uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from such statements. Important factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, the uncertainties related to market conditions and entry into a financing transaction; the Company’s potential need to seek additional strategic alternatives, including seeking additional debt or equity capital or other strategic transactions and/or measures; the Company’s ability to finalize or fully execute actions and steps that would be probable of mitigating the existence of any “substantial doubt” regarding the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern; the Company’s ability to increase cash flow to support the Company’s operating activities and fund its obligations and working capital needs; our ability to obtain additional financing on terms favorable to us, or at all; any future goodwill impairment charges; and the other risk factors described more fully in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 27, 2024 filed with the SEC, as well as other publicly available information about the Company.
We also wish to caution investors that other factors might in the future prove to be important in affecting our results of operations. New factors emerge from time to time; it is not possible for management to predict all such factors, nor can it assess the impact of each such factor on the business or the extent to which any factor, or a combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.
We undertake no obligation to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Our MD&A should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes included in Item 1 of Part 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 27, 2024 (including the information presented therein under Risk Factors), as well as other publicly available information about our Company.
The quarter-over-quarter comparisons in this MD&A are as of and for the fiscal quarters ended July 27, 2024 and July 29, 2023 unless otherwise stated.
Non-GAAP Measures
Contribution margin is a non-GAAP measure and consists of gross profit less selling expenses. Selling expenses consist primarily of personnel related costs, travel and entertainment expenses, marketing related expenses (show rooms, product demonstration, depreciation and maintenance, conventions and trade show expenses), the cost of customer relationship management/marketing systems, bad debt expenses, third-party commissions, and other expenses. In addition to gross profit, management uses contribution margin as another measure of assessing segment profitability and allocating selling
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resources to each segment. Management believes that contribution margin is useful to investors because it permits investors to view and evaluate our segment financial performance through the same lens as management.
Overview
Daktronics, Inc. and its subsidiaries are industry leaders in designing and manufacturing electronic scoreboards, programmable display systems and large screen video displays for sporting, commercial and transportation applications. We serve our customers by providing high quality standard display products as well as custom-designed and integrated systems. We offer a complete line of products, from small scoreboards and electronic displays to large multimillion-dollar video display systems as well as related control, timing, and sound systems. We are recognized as a technical leader with the capabilities to design, market, manufacture, install and service complete integrated systems displaying real-time data, graphics, animation and video. We engage in a full range of activities: marketing and sales, engineering and product design and development, manufacturing, technical contracting, professional services and customer service and support.
Daktronics, Inc. operates on a 52- or 53-week fiscal year, with our fiscal year ending on the Saturday closest to April 30 of each year. When April 30 falls on a Wednesday, the fiscal year ends on the preceding Saturday. Within each fiscal year, each quarter is comprised of 13-week periods following the beginning of each fiscal year. In each 53-week fiscal year, an additional week is added to the first quarter, and each of the last three quarters is comprised of a 13-week period. The three months ended July 27, 2024 and July 29, 2023 contained operating results for 13 weeks.
Known Trends and Uncertainties
During fiscal 2024, we converted pandemic related pent-up backlog into record levels of sales and gross profit. In fiscal 2025, we will be more dependent on the timing, size, and profitability profile of the orders we win to be able to generate sales and gross profit levels at similar levels. We are investing in capacity and resources to grow the business and penetrate markets. As a result, we currently expect that our order volume and operating expenses in fiscal 2025 will exceed that of fiscal 2024. While the expansion of use of digital display systems in the global market is expected, actual market increases are uncertain and a number of factors can impact a customers timing to commit to a system. We carefully evaluate the capacity and resource levels, however, there can be periods sales and expenses can be misaligned and impact our sales and profitability levels.
Global investments have been made in manufacturing capacity and advancement in display and control technologies. A majority of digital displays are constructed using standard surface mount display technology. Chip on board technologies are advancing for narrow pixel pitch (NPP) applications. Micro-LED technologies (also referred to as narrow pixel pitch) are being used and advanced, especially for displays installed for short viewing distances. Advancements related to digital displays use continue related to professional services, including the use of artificial intelligence and other software which improve content creation, user interfaces, digital display monitoring systems, and security. We are adopting our manufacturing, sourcing capabilities, and product development priorities for these evolving changes in market and technology trends.
Overall, we have a unique leadership position in our target markets, which are large, growing, and enjoy resilient demand driven by our customers’ desire to improve their audience experience in sports, commercial, and transportation environments. To capitalize on this position, we are focused on digital and business transformation, improving our cost structure, and further growing our markets. To accelerate these initiatives, we are projecting to spend between $8 and $10 million for transformation efforts impacting fiscal 2025 profitability.
We believe the audiovisual industry fundamentals of increased use of LED display systems across industries and our development of new technologies, services, and sales channels will drive long-term growth for our Company.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
COMPARISON OF THE THREE MONTHS ENDED JULY 27, 2024 AND JULY 29, 2023
Product Order Backlog
Backlog represents the dollar value of orders for integrated electronic display systems and related products and services which are expected to be recognized in net sales in the future. Orders are contractually binding purchase commitments from customers. Orders are included in backlog when we are in receipt of an executed contract and any required deposits or security and have not yet been recognized into net sales. Certain orders for which we have received binding letters of intent or contracts will not be included in backlog until all required contractual documents and deposits are received. Orders and
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backlog are not metrics defined by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP"), and our methodology for determining orders and backlog may vary from the methodology used by other companies in determining their orders and backlog amounts.
Order and backlog levels provide management and investors additional details surrounding the results of our business activities in the marketplace and highlight fluctuations caused by seasonality and multi-million dollar projects. Management uses orders to evaluate market share and performance in the competitive environment. Management uses backlog information for capacity and resource planning. Order fulfillment timing is dependent on customer schedules, supply chain conditions, and our capacity availability. We believe order information is useful to investors because it provides an indication of our market share and future revenues.
Our product order backlog as of July 27, 2024 was $267.2 million as compared to $323.7 million as of July 29, 2023 and $316.9 million as of April 27, 2024. The decrease in backlog, to more historical levels is a result of fulfilling orders at a greater pace as supply chain conditions stabilized and production lead times improved, utilizing our increased capacity, and order pace returning to more normalized rates.
We expect to fulfill the backlog as of July 27, 2024 within the next 24 months. The timing of backlog fulfillment may be impacted by project delays resulting from customer site conditions, which are outside our control.
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Consolidated Performance Summary
The following is an analysis of changes in key items included in the statements of operations for the three months ended July 27, 2024 and July 29, 2023:

| July 27, 2024 |  | % of Net sales (1) |  | July 29, 2023 |  | % of Net sales (1) |  | Dollar Change (1) |  | Percent Change (1)
Net sales | $ | 226,088 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 232,531 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | (6,443) |  |  | (2.8) | %
Cost of sales | 166,390 |  |  | 73.6 |  |  | 161,384 |  |  | 69.4 |  |  | 5,006 |  |  | 3.1 |
Gross profit | 59,698 |  |  | 26.4 |  |  | 71,147 |  |  | 30.6 |  |  | (11,449) |  |  | (16.1) |
Operating expenses: | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Selling | 15,636 |  |  | 6.9 |  |  | 12,929 |  |  | 5.6 |  |  | 2,707 |  |  | 20.9 |
General and administrative | 11,723 |  |  | 5.2 |  |  | 9,599 |  |  | 4.1 |  |  | 2,124 |  |  | 22.1 |
Product design and development | 9,623 |  |  | 4.3 |  |  | 8,403 |  |  | 3.6 |  |  | 1,220 |  |  | 14.5 |
Total operating expenses | 36,982 |  |  | 16.4 |  |  | 30,931 |  |  | 13.3 |  |  | 6,051 |  |  | 19.6 |
Operating income | 22,716 |  |  | 10.0 |  |  | 40,216 |  |  | 17.3 |  |  | (17,500) |  |  | (43.5) |
Nonoperating (expense) income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest (expense) income, net | (71) |  |  | — |  |  | (881) |  |  | (0.4) |  |  | 810 |  |  | (91.9) |
Change in fair value of convertible note | (21,590) |  |  | (9.5) |  |  | (7,260) |  |  | (3.1) |  |  | (14,330) |  |  | 197.4 |
Other expense and debt issuance costs write-off, net | (835) |  |  | (0.4) |  |  | (3,979) |  |  | (1.7) |  |  | 3,144 |  |  | (79.0) |
Income before income taxes | 220 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 28,096 |  |  | 12.1 |  |  | (27,876) |  |  | (99.2) |
Income tax expense | 5,166 |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | 8,900 |  |  | 3.8 |  |  | (3,734) |  |  | (42.0) |
Net (loss) income | $ | (4,946) |  |  | (2.2) | % |  | $ | 19,196 |  |  | 8.3 | % |  | $ | (24,142) |  |  | (125.8) | %
Diluted (loss) earnings per share | $ | (0.11) |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.42 |  |  |  |  | $ | (0.53) |  |  | (126.2) | %
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding | 46,311 |  |  |  | 46,198 |  |  |  | 113 |  | 0.2 | %
Orders | $ | 176,170 |  |  |  |  | $ | 158,630 |  |  |  |  | $ | 17,540 |  |  | 11.1 | %

(1) Amounts are calculated based on unrounded numbers and therefore may not recalculate using the rounded numbers provided. In addition, percentages may not add in total due to rounding.
Net Sales: The sales decrease was the result of comparatively lower volumes in the Commercial, High School Park and Recreation, and International business units, partially offset by order fulfillments in the Live Events and Transportation business units. During the first quarter of fiscal 2024, the operating environment and supply chain stabilized, and we were able to capitalize on our capacity investments to fulfill the overbuilt backlog and return to more normalized lead times, which led to a record net sales level. These more normalized conditions have continued since and through the fiscal first
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quarter 2025. The amount of revenue recognized associated with performance obligations satisfied in prior years during the three months ended July 27, 2024 and July 29, 2023 was immaterial.
Order volume growth was driven by rebounding demand in the On-Premise, Spectacular and Out‐of‐Home markets in our Commercial business unit, and solid growth in the High School Parks and Recreation and Transportation business units. These higher orders offset an order decrease in the Live Events and International business units. Variability in orders comparatively is natural in these large project business areas.
Gross profit percentage decrease is partially attributable to the comparative period gross profit was generated in a unique period of record sales levels over the fixed manufacturing cost structure. Total warranty costs as a percent of sales the first quarter of fiscal 2025 remained similar compared to the same period one year ago of 2.1 percent.
Selling expenses increased because of personnel related wages and benefits expense, investments in staffing to support future growth; travel and entertainment; and marketing, conventions and advertising.
General and administrative increased because of personnel related wages and benefits for increased staffing levels, increased professional fees, and increased expenses for technology resources for our digital transformation strategies.
Product design and development increased primarily due to personnel-related expenses and for increased staffing levels. Our focus has been to advance product features aligned with customer needs and to reduce product costs. We focused these efforts on both standard product and control offerings and in new emerging areas, including microLED products and new control capabilities.
Interest (expense) income, net decrease was the result of higher cash levels invested in interest-bearing investment accounts offsetting interest expense on similar debt levels.
Change in fair value of Convertible Note results from accounting for the convertible note (the "Convertible Note") we issued to Alta Fox Opportunities Fund, LP during fiscal 2024, under the fair value option. The fair value change was primarily caused by the increase in value of the embedded features of the Convertible Note, as our stock price has increased since April 27, 2024.
Other expense and debt issuance costs write-off, net: During fiscal 2024, we expensed $3.4 million of debt issuance costs related to the Convertible Note issuance.
Income tax expense: Our effective tax rate for the first quarter of fiscal 2025 was skewed due to the impact of the fair value adjustment to the Convertible Note in proportion to the period's small pre-tax income. The effective tax rate was 31.7 percent for the first quarter of fiscal 2024. Both periods' income before taxes included the impacts of the change in the Convertible Note fair value adjustment. These changes are not deductible or taxable, which impacts the effective tax rate.
Reportable Segment Performance Summary
The following table shows information regarding our reportable segment financial performance of contribution margin reconciled to GAAP operating income for the three months ended July 27, 2024 and July 29, 2023:
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|  | Three Months Ended July 27, 2024
|  | Commercial |  | Percent of net sales (1) |  | Live Events |  | Percent of net sales (1) |  | High School Park and Recreation |  | Percent of net sales (1) |  | Transportation |  | Percent of net sales (1) |  | International |  | Percent of net sales (1) |  | Total |  | Percent of net sales (1)
Net sales |  | $ | 34,199 |  |  |  |  | $ | 108,608 |  |  |  |  | $ | 48,006 |  |  |  |  | $ | 22,490 |  |  |  |  | $ | 12,785 |  |  |  |  | $ | 226,088 |  |  |
Cost of sales |  | 26,604 |  |  | 77.8 | % |  | 82,580 |  |  | 76.0 | % |  | 30,690 |  |  | 63.9 | % |  | 14,741 |  |  | 65.5 | % |  | 11,775 |  |  | 92.1 | % |  | 166,390 |  |  | 73.6 | %
Gross profit |  | 7,595 |  |  | 22.2 |  |  | 26,028 |  |  | 24.0 |  |  | 17,316 |  |  | 36.1 |  |  | 7,749 |  |  | 34.5 |  |  | 1,010 |  |  | 7.9 |  |  | 59,698 |  |  | 26.4 |
Selling |  | 4,384 |  |  | 12.8 |  |  | 2,888 |  |  | 2.7 |  |  | 4,086 |  |  | 8.5 |  |  | 1,399 |  |  | 6.2 |  |  | 2,879 |  |  | 22.5 |  |  | 15,636 |  |  | 6.9 |
Contribution margin |  | 3,211 |  |  | 9.4 |  |  | 23,140 |  |  | 21.3 |  |  | 13,230 |  |  | 27.6 |  |  | 6,350 |  |  | 28.2 |  |  | (1,869) |  |  | (14.6) |  |  | 44,062 |  |  | 19.5 |
General and administrative |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,723 |  |  | 5.2 |
Product design and development |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,623 |  |  | 4.3 |
Operating income (loss) |  | $ | 3,211 |  |  | 9.4 | % |  | $ | 23,140 |  |  | 21.3 | % |  | $ | 13,230 |  |  | 27.6 | % |  | $ | 6,350 |  |  | 28.2 | % |  | $ | (1,869) |  |  | (14.6) | % |  | $ | 22,716 |  |  | 10.0 | %
Orders |  | $ | 42,122 |  |  |  |  | $ | 50,899 |  |  |  |  | $ | 46,447 |  |  |  |  | $ | 22,759 |  |  |  |  | $ | 13,943 |  |  |  |  | $ | 176,170 |  |  |
|  | Three Months Ended July 29, 2023
|  | Commercial |  | Percent of net sales (1) |  | Live Events |  | Percent of net sales (1) |  | High School Park and Recreation |  | Percent of net sales (1) |  | Transportation |  | Percent of net sales (1) |  | International |  | Percent of net sales (1) |  | Total |  | Percent of net sales (1)
Net sales |  | $ | 46,883 |  |  |  |  | $ | 91,999 |  |  |  |  | $ | 56,234 |  |  |  |  | $ | 21,369 |  |  |  |  | $ | 16,046 |  |  |  |  | $ | 232,531 |  |  |
Cost of sales |  | 34,114 |  |  | 72.8 | % |  | 64,059 |  |  | 69.6 | % |  | 35,409 |  |  | 63.0 | % |  | 14,280 |  |  | 66.8 | % |  | 13,522 |  |  | 84.3 | % |  | 161,384 |  |  | 69.4 | %
Gross profit |  | 12,769 |  |  | 27.2 |  |  | 27,940 |  |  | 30.4 |  |  | 20,825 |  |  | 37.0 |  |  | 7,089 |  |  | 33.2 |  |  | 2,524 |  |  | 15.7 |  |  | 71,147 |  |  | 30.6 |
Selling |  | 4,048 |  |  | 8.6 |  |  | 2,525 |  |  | 2.7 |  |  | 3,362 |  |  | 6.0 |  |  | 899 |  |  | 4.2 |  |  | 2,095 |  |  | 13.1 |  |  | 12,929 |  |  | 5.6 |
Contribution margin |  | 8,721 |  |  | 18.6 |  |  | 25,415 |  |  | 27.6 |  |  | 17,463 |  |  | 31.1 |  |  | 6,190 |  |  | 29.0 |  |  | 429 |  |  | 2.7 |  |  | 58,218 |  |  | 25.0 |
General and administrative |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,599 |  |  | 4.1 |
Product design and development |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,403 |  |  | 3.6 |
Operating income (loss) |  | $ | 8,721 |  |  | 18.6 | % |  | $ | 25,415 |  |  | 27.6 | % |  | $ | 17,463 |  |  | 31.1 | % |  | $ | 6,190 |  |  | 29.0 | % |  | $ | 429 |  |  | 2.7 | % |  | $ | 40,216 |  |  | 17.3 | %
Orders |  | $ | 32,434 |  |  |  |  | $ | 52,203 |  |  |  |  | $ | 35,739 |  |  |  |  | $ | 18,985 |  |  |  |  | $ | 19,269 |  |  |  |  | $ | 158,630 |  |  |
|  | Net Dollar and % Change
|  | Commercial |  | Percent Change (1) |  | Live Events |  | Percent Change (1) |  | High School Park and Recreation |  | Percent Change (1) |  | Transportation |  | Percent Change (1) |  | International |  | Percent Change (1) |  | Total |  | Percent Change (1)
Net sales |  | $ | (12,684) |  |  | (27.1) | % |  | $ | 16,609 |  |  | 18.1 | % |  | $ | (8,228) |  |  | (14.6) | % |  | $ | 1,121 |  |  | 5.2 | % |  | $ | (3,261) |  |  | (20.3) | % |  | $ | (6,443) |  |  | (2.8) | %
Cost of sales |  | (7,510) |  |  | (22.0) |  |  | 18,521 |  |  | 28.9 |  |  | (4,719) |  |  | (13.3) |  |  | 461 |  |  | 3.2 |  |  | (1,747) |  |  | (12.9) |  |  | 5,006 |  |  | 3.1 |
Gross profit |  | (5,174) |  |  | (40.5) |  |  | (1,912) |  |  | (6.8) |  |  | (3,509) |  |  | (16.8) |  |  | 660 |  |  | 9.3 |  |  | (1,514) |  |  | (60.0) |  |  | (11,449) |  |  | (16.1) |
Selling |  | 336 |  |  | 8.3 |  |  | 363 |  |  | 14.4 |  |  | 724 |  |  | 21.5 |  |  | 500 |  |  | 55.6 |  |  | 784 |  |  | 37.4 |  |  | 2,707 |  |  | 20.9 |
Contribution |  | (5,510) |  |  | (63.2) |  |  | (2,275) |  |  | (9.0) |  |  | (4,233) |  |  | (24.2) |  |  | 160 |  |  | 2.6 |  |  | (2,298) |  |  | (535.7) |  |  | (14,156) |  |  | (24.3) |
General and administrative |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,124 |  |  | 22.1 |
Product design and development |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,220 |  |  | 14.5 |
Operating income (loss) |  | $ | (5,510) |  |  | (63.2) | % |  | $ | (2,275) |  |  | (9.0) | % |  | $ | (4,233) |  |  | (24.2) | % |  | $ | 160 |  |  | 2.6 | % |  | $ | (2,298) |  |  | (535.7) | % |  | $ | (17,500) |  |  | (43.5) | %
Orders |  | $ | 9,688 |  |  | 29.9 | % |  | $ | (1,304) |  |  | (2.5) | % |  | $ | 10,708 |  |  | 30.0 | % |  | $ | 3,774 |  |  | 19.9 | % |  | $ | (5,326) |  |  | (27.6) | % |  | $ | 17,540 |  |  | 11.1 | %

(1) Amounts are calculated on unrounded numbers and therefore may not recalculate using the rounded numbers provided. In addition, percentages may not add in total due to rounding.
In the first quarter, both sales and gross profit levels declined comparatively because of the change in operating environments over the two periods. During the first quarter of fiscal 2024, there were fewer supply chain and operational disruptions paired with our investments to increase capacity allowed for improved operational efficiency and fulfillment of the built-up backlog. We returned to delivering at normalized lead times resulting in record sales and gross profit levels for
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the first quarter of fiscal 2024. These more normalized conditions have continued since and through the fiscal first quarter of 2025.
Commercial: On-Premise digital signage sales were similar to last year, however, we fulfilled fewer larger sized Spectacular LED video display projects and digital billboards, causing a decline in sales. There were fewer large sized projects in the market as compared to prior years. Gross profit as a percentage of sales declined because of the factors noted above. Selling expenses remained relatively flat in dollars; however, increased as percent of sales primarily because of personnel related wages and benefit costs for investments in staffing to support future growth. Order bookings remained strong in On-Premise digital signage. Digital billboard order bookings increased as a result in our marketing efforts to independent billboard operators.
Live Events: The increase in net sales was driven by fulfilling order backlog for upgrades in sports-related facilities, primarily in colleges and universities. Gross profit as a percentage of sales decline is partially attributable to the comparative period gross profit was generated in a unique period of record sales levels over the fixed manufacturing cost structure. Selling expenses remained relatively flat as a percent of sales and increased in dollar amounts primarily because of increases in personnel related wages and benefits. Order bookings remained relatively flat.
High School Park and Recreation: During fiscal 2024, we returned to normalized lead times which led to higher sales in that period as compared to fiscal 2025's more normalized levels. Gross profit as a percentage of sales declined because of the factors noted above. Selling expenses increased primarily because of personnel related wages and benefit costs for investments in staffing to support future growth. Order bookings increased as a result of the trends for schools to use video solutions which are larger dollar-sized transactions than traditional scoreboard projects.
Transportation: The increase in net sales was driven by fulfilling orders in backlog and continued order bookings, especially in large intelligent transportation system projects. Gross profit as a percentage of sales increased as a result of a change in product mix. Selling expenses increased primarily because of personnel related wages and benefit costs for investments in staffing to support future growth. Order bookings vary because of large project booking timing. During the first quarter of fiscal 2025, we booked a large transit agency project.
International: The decrease in net sales was driven by lower backlog and lower orders. Global geopolitical events and related macroeconomic trends have driven down the amount of market activity for digital display systems and large-sized projects causing the decrease in orders. Gross margin decreased primarily because of underutilized factory capacity. Even with efforts to decrease selling and other operational costs, our International business unit operated at a negative $1.9 million contribution margin. Order bookings vary because of large project booking timing and have been impacted by general economic conditions.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

| Three Months Ended
(in thousands) | July 27, 2024 |  | July 29, 2023 |  | Dollar Change
Net cash provided by (used in): |  |  |  |  |
Operating activities | $ | 19,481 |  |  | $ | 19,250 |  |  | $ | 231 |
Investing activities | (5,969) |  |  | (5,706) |  |  | (263) |
Financing activities | 2,062 |  |  | 16,356 |  |  | (14,294) |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | (64) |  |  | (240) |  |  | 176 |
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 15,510 |  |  | $ | 29,660 |  |  | $ | (14,150) |

Net cash provided by operating activities: The generation of $19.5 million of cash provided by operating activities was the result of positive operating income offset by the use of cash for the net growth in operating assets and liabilities. During the quarter, cash was consumed as accounts receivable grew related to seasonally higher demand, the payment of income taxes, and payments of fiscal 2024's profit sharing and variable compensation earned. These cash uses were offset by our continued focus on lowering inventory levels through purchasing management and enhancing parts planning and by managing supplier payment terms through accounts payable.
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The changes in net operating assets and liabilities consisted of the following:

| Three Months Ended
| July 27, 2024 |  | July 29, 2023
(Increase) decrease: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | $ | (15,076) |  |  | $ | (15,437) |
Long-term receivables | 316 |  |  | 369 |
Inventories | 3,153 |  |  | 4,419 |
Contract assets | 1,709 |  |  | (3,693) |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | (37) |  |  | (179) |
Income tax receivables | 339 |  |  | 322 |
Investment in affiliates and other assets | (1) |  |  | 23 |
Increase (decrease): |  |  |
Accounts payable | 5,336 |  |  | (5,958) |
Contract liabilities | 7,304 |  |  | (881) |
Accrued expenses | (2,174) |  |  | (554) |
Warranty obligations | (132) |  |  | 1,415 |
Long-term warranty obligations | 1,079 |  |  | 612 |
Income taxes payable | (4,267) |  |  | 2,786 |
Long-term marketing obligations and other payables | (1,314) |  |  | (119) |
| $ | (3,765) |  |  | $ | (16,875) |

Net cash used in investing activities: During the first quarter of fiscal 2025 and fiscal 2024, purchase of property and equipment totaled $5.1 million and $4.5 million, respectively, and investments in affiliates were $0.9 million and $1.2 million, respectively.
Net cash provided by financing activities: During the fiscal 2025 first quarter, financing cash included the $3.1 million received for the exercise of stock options, partially offset by payments on notes payable. Fiscal 2024 first quarter cash inflow resulted from closing on the $25.0 million Convertible Note financing and the $15.0 million mortgage financing to add liquidity to the Company. These inflows were offset by the payoff of our previous credit line of $17.8 million, expending $5.8 million of debt issuance costs, and principal payments made on the mortgage loan described below.
Debt and cash
We maintain a $60.0 million asset-based revolving credit facility ("ABL") with a maturity date of May 11, 2026 subject to customary covenants and conditions. As of July 27, 2024, we had no borrowings against the ABL and $5.3 million used to secure letters of credit outstanding. We also have a loan of $13.5 million secured by a first priority mortgage lien on our Brookings, South Dakota real estate and $25.0 million evidenced by the Convertible Note secured by a second priority lien on the assets securing the ABL facility and a first priority lien on substantially all the other assets of the Company, excluding all real property.
As of July 27, 2024, we had $96.8 million in cash and cash equivalents and $38.6 million in borrowing capacity under our ABL. We believe cash flow from operations, existing lines of credit, and access to debt and capital markets will be sufficient to meet our current liquidity needs, and we have committed liquidity and cash reserves in excess of our anticipated funding requirements.
Our cash and cash equivalent balances consist of high-quality, short-term money market instruments.
Working Capital
Working capital was $230.5 million and $209.7 million as of July 27, 2024 and April 27, 2024, respectively. The changes in working capital, particularly changes in inventory, accounts payable, accounts receivable, and contract assets and
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liabilities, are impacted by the sports market and construction seasonality. These changes can have a significant impact on the amount of net cash provided by or used in operating activities largely due to the timing of payments for inventory and subcontractors and receipts from our customers. On multimillion-dollar orders, the time between order acceptance and project completion may extend up to or exceed 12 months depending on the amount of custom work and a customer’s delivery needs. We use cash to purchase inventory and services at the beginning of these orders and often receive down payments or progress payments on these orders to balance cash flows.
We had $12.3 million of retainage on long-term contracts included in receivables and contract assets as of July 27, 2024 which we expect to collect within one year.
Other Liquidity and Capital Uses
Our long-term capital allocation strategy is to first fund operations and investments in growth, maintain a reasonable liquidity and leverage ratio that reflects a prudent and compliant capital structure in light of the cyclically of business, reduce debt, and then, as allowed under any restrictive debt covenants, return excess cash over time to shareholders through dividends and share repurchases.
Our business growth and profitability improvement strategies depend on investments in capital expenditures and strategic investments. We are projecting to spend between $8 and $10 million for these transformation efforts and our total capital expenditures to be approximately $27 million for fiscal 2025. Projected capital expenditures include purchasing manufacturing equipment for new or enhanced product production and expanded capacity and increased automation of processes; investments in quality and reliability equipment and demonstration and showroom assets; and continued information infrastructure investments.
In addition to capital expenditures, we plan to make additional investments in our general and administration expenses to execute our broad digital transformation strategies to modernize our service systems for field service automation, to advance our enterprise performance planning capabilities, and to improve and automate quoting and sales processes.
We also evaluate and may make strategic investments in new technologies or in our affiliates or acquire companies aligned with our business strategy. We are committed to invest an additional $0.5 million in fiscal 2025 in our current affiliates. We may make additional investments beyond our commitments.
We are sometimes required to obtain performance bonds for display installations, and we have an aggregate of $190.0 million bonding line available through surety companies. If we were unable to complete the installation work, and our customer would call upon the bond for payment, the surety company would subrogate its loss to Daktronics. As of July 27, 2024, we had $15.7 million of bonded work outstanding.
Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments
There have been no material changes in our contractual obligations since the end of fiscal 2024. See our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 27, 2024 for additional information regarding our contractual obligations and commercial commitments.
Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates
We describe our significant accounting policies in "Note 1. Nature of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 27, 2024. We discuss our critical accounting estimates in "Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 27, 2024.
New Accounting Pronouncements
For a summary of recently issued accounting pronouncements and the effects of those pronouncements on our financial results, refer to "Note 1. Basis of Presentation" of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to certain interest rate, foreign currency, and commodity risks as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 27, 2024.
There have been no other material changes in our exposure to these risks during the first three months of fiscal 2025.
Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Management of our Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. As of July 27, 2024, an evaluation was performed, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of July 27, 2024, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level to ensure information required to be disclosed in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q was recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time period required by the SEC's rules and forms and accumulated and communicated to management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer believe the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q fairly represent, in all material respects, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
During the quarter ended July 27, 2024, there have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are involved in a variety of legal actions relating to various matters during the normal course of business. Although we are unable to predict the ultimate outcome of these legal actions, it is the opinion of management that the disposition of these matters, taken as a whole, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations. See "Note 8. Commitments and Contingencies" of the Notes to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-Q for further information on any legal proceedings and claims.
Item 1A. RISK FACTORS
The discussion of our business and operations included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read together with the risk factors described in Item 1A. of Part I of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 27, 2024. They describe various risks and uncertainties to which we are or may become subject. These risks and uncertainties, together with other factors described elsewhere in this Report, have the potential to affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, strategies or prospects in a material and adverse manner. New risks may emerge at any time, and we cannot predict those risks or estimate the extent to which they may affect our financial condition or financial results.
Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Share Repurchases
During the three months ended July 27, 2024, we did not repurchase any shares of our common stock.
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Item 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
Not applicable.
Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION
Not applicable.
Item 6. EXHIBITS
A list of exhibits filed as part of this Report is set forth in the following Index to Exhibits.
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Index to Exhibits
Certain of the following exhibits are incorporated by reference from prior filings. The form with which each exhibit was filed and the date of filing are as indicated below; the reports described below are filed as Commission File No. 001-38747 unless otherwise indicated.

3.1 | Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation of the Company. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q/A (Amendment No. 1) of Daktronics, Inc. filed on December 21, 2018).
3.2 | Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 filed with our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 30, 2023).
4.1 | Rights Agreement dated as of November 16, 2018 between Daktronics, Inc. and Equiniti Trust Company, as Rights Agent (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Current Report on Form 8-K of Daktronics, Inc. filed on November 16, 2018, Commission File No. 000-23246).
4.2 | First Amendment to Rights Agreement dated as of November 19, 2021 between Daktronics, Inc. and Equiniti Trust Company, as Rights Agent (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 of the Current Report on Form 8-K of Daktronics, Inc. filed on November 19, 2021).
10.1 | Daktronics, Inc. 2020 Stock Incentive Plan ("2020 Plan") (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit A to the Company's Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed on July 16, 2020).*
10.2 | Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement under the 2020 Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 filed with our Current Report on Form 8-K on September 3, 2020).*
10.3 | Form of Non-Qualified Stock Option Agreement Terms and Conditions under the 2020 Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 filed with our Current Report on Form 8-K on September 3, 2020).*
10.4 | Form of Incentive Stock Option Terms and Conditions under the 2020 Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 filed with our Current Report on Form 8-K on September 3, 2020).*
10.5 | Form of Restricted Stock Unit Terms and Conditions under the 2020 Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 filed with our Current Report on Form 8-K on September 3, 2020).*
10.6 | Cooperation Agreement dated July 23, 2022 by and between the Company and Prairieland Holdco, LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 filed with our Current Report on Form 8-K on July 27, 2022).
10.7 | Standstill and Voting Agreement dated as of March 19, 2023 by and among Daktronics, Inc., Alta Fox Management, LLC and Connor Haley (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 filed with the Current Report on Form 8-K of Daktronics, Inc. filed on March 20, 2023).
10.8 | Credit Agreement dated as of May 11, 2023 by and among Daktronics, Inc. and the other Borrowers; the other Loan Parties to the Credit Agreement; the Lenders party to the Credit Agreement; and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., in its capacity as administrative agent for the Lenders (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 filed with the Current Report on Form 8-K of Daktronics, Inc. filed on May 12, 2023).
10.9 | Pledge and Security Agreement dated as of May 11, 2023 by and among Daktronics, Inc., Daktronics Installation, Inc., and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 filed with the Current Report on Form 8-K of Daktronics, Inc. filed on May 12, 2023).
10.10 | Securities Purchase Agreement dated as of May 11, 2023 by and between Daktronics, Inc. and Alta Fox Opportunities Fund, LP (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 filed with the Current Report on Form 8-K of Daktronics, Inc. filed on May 12, 2023).
10.11 | Senior Secured Convertible Note dated as of May 11, 2023 issued by Daktronics, Inc. to Alta Fox Opportunities Fund, LP (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 filed with the Current Report on Form 8-K of Daktronics, Inc. filed on May 12, 2023).
10.12 | Pledge and Security Agreement dated as of May 11, 2023 by and among Daktronics, Inc., Daktronics Installation, Inc., and Alta Fox Opportunities Fund, LP (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 filed with the Current Report on Form 8-K of Daktronics, Inc. filed on May 12, 2023).
10.13 | Registration Rights Agreement dated as of May 11, 2023 by and between Daktronics, Inc. and Alta Fox Opportunities Fund, LP (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 filed with the Current Report on Form 8-K of Daktronics, Inc. filed on May 12, 2023).
10.14 | Intercreditor Agreement dated as of May 11, 2023 by and among Daktronics, Inc., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., and Alta Fox Opportunities Fund, LP (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 filed with the Current Report on Form 8-K of Daktronics, Inc. filed on May 12, 2023).
31.1 | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (1)1
31.2 | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. (1)
32.1 | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. Section 1350). (1)
32.2 | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. Section 1350). (1)
101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document (the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)
101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
| (1)Filed herewith electronically.
| * Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

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Table of Contents
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| /s/ Sheila M. Anderson
| Daktronics, Inc.
| Sheila M. Anderson
| Chief Financial Officer
| (Principal Financial Officer and
| Principal Accounting Officer)
Date: September 4, 2024 |

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