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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)

| QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended October 31, 2019
or

| TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _______________ to _______________
Commission File Number: 000-14798
American Woodmark Corp oration
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Virginia |  | 54-1138147
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
561 Shady Elm Road, | Winchester, | Virginia |  | 22602
(Address of principal executive offices) |  | (Zip Code)

(540) 665-9100
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock | AMWD | NASDAQ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ |  | Accelerated filer | ☐ |
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐ |
|  |  | Emerging growth company | ☐ |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.
As of November 25, 2019, 16,921,547 shares of the Registrant’s Common Stock were outstanding.

AMERICAN WOODMARK CORPORATION
FORM 10-Q
INDEX

PART I. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | PAGE NUMBER
Item 1. | Financial Statements (unaudited) |
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets--October 31, 2019 and April 30, 2019 | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income--Three months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018; Six months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018 | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income--Three months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018; Six months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018 | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity--Three months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018; Six months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018 | 6
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows--Six months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018 | 8
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements--October 31, 2019 | 10-19
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 19-26
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 26
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 26
PART II. | OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 27
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 27
Item 6. | Exhibits | 27
SIGNATURES | 28

2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
AMERICAN WOODMARK CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
(Unaudited)

| October 31, 2019 |  | April 30, 2019
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 51,435 |  |  | $ | 57,656 |
Investments - certificates of deposit | — |  |  | 1,500 |
Customer receivables, net | 120,118 |  |  | 125,901 |
Inventories | 119,758 |  |  | 108,528 |
Income taxes receivable | 2,704 |  |  | 1,009 |
Prepaid expenses and other | 15,009 |  |  | 11,441 |
Total current assets | 309,024 |  |  | 306,035 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 206,899 |  |  | 208,263 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 89,662 |  |  | — |
Customer relationship intangibles, net | 190,278 |  |  | 213,111 |
Trademarks, net | 3,889 |  |  | 5,555 |
Goodwill | 767,612 |  |  | 767,612 |
Promotional displays, net | 13,599 |  |  | 13,058 |
Deferred income taxes | 766 |  |  | 773 |
Other assets | 16,935 |  |  | 15,524 |
TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 1,598,664 |  |  | $ | 1,529,931 |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 62,850 |  |  | $ | 61,277 |
Current maturities of long-term debt | 2,320 |  |  | 2,286 |
Short-term lease liability - operating | 19,453 |  |  | — |
Accrued compensation and related expenses | 50,528 |  |  | 54,906 |
Accrued marketing expenses | 16,002 |  |  | 12,979 |
Other accrued expenses | 18,256 |  |  | 18,142 |
Total current liabilities | 169,409 |  |  | 149,590 |
Long-term debt, less current maturities | 617,930 |  |  | 689,205 |
Deferred income taxes | 59,636 |  |  | 64,749 |
Long-term lease liability - operating | 72,067 |  |  | — |
Other long-term liabilities | 4,714 |  |  | 6,034 |
Shareholders' equity |  |  |
Preferred stock, $1.00 par value; 2,000,000 shares authorized, none issued | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, no par value; 40,000,000 shares authorized; issued and |  |  |
outstanding shares: at October 31, 2019: 16,921,547; at April 30, 2019: 16,849,026 | 357,304 |  |  | 352,424 |
Retained earnings | 366,464 |  |  | 317,420 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss - Defined benefit pension plans | (48,860 | ) |  | (49,491 | )
Total shareholders' equity | 674,908 |  |  | 620,353 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY | $ | 1,598,664 |  |  | $ | 1,529,931 |
See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. |  |  |

3

AMERICAN WOODMARK CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(in thousands, except share and per share data)
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| October 31, |  | October 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net sales | $ | 428,016 |  |  | $ | 424,878 |  |  | $ | 855,381 |  |  | $ | 853,840 |
Cost of sales and distribution | 340,966 |  |  | 338,116 |  |  | 673,812 |  |  | 671,342 |
Gross Profit | 87,050 |  |  | 86,762 |  |  | 181,569 |  |  | 182,498 |
Selling and marketing expenses | 20,451 |  |  | 22,986 |  |  | 41,138 |  |  | 45,924 |
General and administrative expenses | 29,900 |  |  | 28,718 |  |  | 59,332 |  |  | 58,548 |
Restructuring charges, net | (188 | ) |  | (406 | ) |  | (207 | ) |  | 2,035 |
Operating Income | 36,887 |  |  | 35,464 |  |  | 81,306 |  |  | 75,991 |
Interest expense, net | 7,436 |  |  | 8,943 |  |  | 15,524 |  |  | 18,368 |
Other (income) expense, net | (527 | ) |  | 1,112 |  |  | (534 | ) |  | (325 | )
Income Before Income Taxes | 29,978 |  |  | 25,409 |  |  | 66,316 |  |  | 57,948 |
Income tax expense | 7,815 |  |  | 6,921 |  |  | 17,272 |  |  | 14,693 |
Net Income | $ | 22,163 |  |  | $ | 18,488 |  |  | $ | 49,044 |  |  | $ | 43,255 |
Weighted Average Shares Outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 16,919,664 |  |  | 17,555,584 |  |  | 16,892,267 |  |  | 17,544,849 |
Diluted | 16,955,835 |  |  | 17,588,449 |  |  | 16,932,236 |  |  | 17,589,767 |
Net earnings per share |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 1.31 |  |  | $ | 1.05 |  |  | $ | 2.90 |  |  | $ | 2.47 |
Diluted | $ | 1.31 |  |  | $ | 1.05 |  |  | $ | 2.90 |  |  | $ | 2.46 |
See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

AMERICAN WOODMARK CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands)
(Unaudited)

| Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| October 31, |  | October 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net income | $ | 22,163 |  |  | $ | 18,488 |  |  | $ | 49,044 |  |  | $ | 43,255 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in pension benefits, net of deferred taxes of $108 and $105, and $215 and $210 for the three and six months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively | 316 |  |  | 307 |  |  | 631 |  |  | 614 |
Total Comprehensive Income | $ | 22,479 |  |  | $ | 18,795 |  |  | $ | 49,675 |  |  | $ | 43,869 |
See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

AMERICAN WOODMARK CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(in thousands)
(Unaudited)

|  |  |  |  |  |  | ACCUMULATED |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | OTHER |  | TOTAL
| COMMON STOCK |  | RETAINED |  | COMPREHENSIVE |  | SHAREHOLDERS'
(in thousands, except share data) | SHARES |  | AMOUNT |  | EARNINGS |  | LOSS |  | EQUITY
Balance, May 1, 2018 | 17,503,922 |  |  | $ | 361,158 |  |  | $ | 269,576 |  |  | $ | (49,069 | ) |  | $ | 581,665 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 24,767 |  |  | — |  |  | 24,767 |
Other comprehensive income, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 307 |  |  | 307 |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | 786 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 786 |
Exercise of stock-based |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
compensation awards, net of amounts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
withheld for taxes | 43,048 |  |  | (1,241 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,241 | )
Employee benefit plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
contributions | 41,408 |  |  | 3,623 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,623 |
Balance, July 31, 2018 | 17,588,378 |  |  | $ | 364,326 |  |  | $ | 294,343 |  |  | $ | (48,762 | ) |  | $ | 609,907 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,488 |  |  | — |  |  | 18,488 |
Other comprehensive income, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 307 |  |  | 307 |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | 836 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 836 |
Exercise of stock-based |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
compensation awards, net of amounts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
withheld for taxes | 5,880 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Stock repurchases | (189,633 | ) |  | (3,602 | ) |  | (9,597 | ) |  | — |  |  | (13,199 | )
Balance, October 31, 2018 | 17,404,625 |  |  | $ | 361,560 |  |  | $ | 303,234 |  |  | $ | (48,455 | ) |  | $ | 616,339 |
Balance, May 1, 2019 | 16,849,026 |  |  | $ | 352,424 |  |  | $ | 317,420 |  |  | $ | (49,491 | ) |  | $ | 620,353 |
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26,881 |  |  | — |  |  | 26,881 |
Other comprehensive income, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 315 |  |  | 315 |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | 897 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 897 |
Exercise of stock-based |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
compensation awards, net of amounts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
withheld for taxes | 20,923 |  |  | (1,050 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,050 | )
Employee benefit plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
contributions | 45,721 |  |  | 3,772 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,772 |
Balance, July 31, 2019 | 16,915,670 |  |  | $ | 356,043 |  |  | $ | 344,301 |  |  | $ | (49,176 | ) |  | $ | 651,168 |

6

Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22,163 |  |  | — |  |  | 22,163 |
Other comprehensive income, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 316 |  |  | 316 |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | 1,178 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,178 |
Exercise of stock-based |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
compensation awards, net of amounts |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
withheld for taxes | 5,877 |  |  | 83 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 83 |
Balance, October 31, 2019 | 16,921,547 |  |  | $ | 357,304 |  |  | $ | 366,464 |  |  | $ | (48,860 | ) |  | $ | 674,908 |
See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. |  |

7

AMERICAN WOODMARK CORPORATION
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
(Unaudited)

| Six Months Ended
| October 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018
OPERATING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Net income | $ | 49,044 |  |  | $ | 43,255 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 48,527 |  |  | 46,726 |
Net loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment | 217 |  |  | 584 |
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets | 12,768 |  |  | — |
Amortization of debt issuance costs | 1,316 |  |  | 1,356 |
Unrealized (gain) loss on foreign exchange forward contracts | (96 | ) |  | 199 |
Gain on insurance recoveries | — |  |  | (580 | )
Stock-based compensation expense | 2,075 |  |  | 1,622 |
Deferred income taxes | (5,464 | ) |  | (4,899 | )
Pension contributions in excess of expense | (626 | ) |  | (1,989 | )
Contributions of employer stock to employee benefit plan | 3,772 |  |  | 3,623 |
Other non-cash items | 951 |  |  | (971 | )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Customer receivables | 5,026 |  |  | 5,434 |
Income taxes receivable | (1,695 | ) |  | 22,108 |
Inventories | (12,123 | ) |  | (10,835 | )
Prepaid expenses and other assets | (5,634 | ) |  | (2,130 | )
Accounts payable | 673 |  |  | (2,901 | )
Accrued compensation and related expenses | (4,379 | ) |  | 9,101 |
Operating lease liabilities | (11,783 | ) |  | — |
Marketing and other accrued expenses | 3,663 |  |  | (2,036 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities | 86,232 |  |  | 107,667 |
INVESTING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Payments to acquire property, plant and equipment | (15,918 | ) |  | (14,755 | )
Proceeds from sales of property, plant and equipment | 313 |  |  | 35 |
Proceeds from insurance recoveries | — |  |  | 580 |
Acquisition of business, net of cash acquired | — |  |  | (7,182 | )
Maturities of certificates of deposit | 1,500 |  |  | 5,000 |
Investment in promotional displays | (4,183 | ) |  | (3,395 | )
Net cash used by investing activities | (18,288 | ) |  | (19,717 | )
FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Payments of long-term debt | (73,198 | ) |  | (94,060 | )
Proceeds from issuance of common stock | 83 |  |  | 500 |
Repurchase of common stock | — |  |  | (13,199 | )
Withholding of employee taxes related to stock-based compensation | (1,050 | ) |  | (1,739 | )
Net cash used by financing activities | (74,165 | ) |  | (108,498 | )
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | (6,221 | ) |  | (20,548 | )
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 57,656 |  |  | 78,410 |

8

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 51,435 |  |  | $ | 57,862 |
Supplemental cash flow information: |  |  |
Non-cash investing and financing activities: |  |  |
Property, plant and equipment included in accounts payable at period end | $ | 901 |  |  | $ | 2,619 |
Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |
Interest | $ | 15,025 |  |  | $ | 19,131 |
Income taxes | $ | 24,573 |  |  | $ | 9,976 |
See notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements. |  |  |

9

AMERICAN WOODMARK CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
Note A--Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the six-month period ended October 31, 2019 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending April 30, 2020. The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).
Goodwill and Intangible Assets: Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over the net amount of identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination measured at fair value. The Company does not amortize goodwill but evaluates for impairment annually, or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value may not be recoverable.
In accordance with accounting standards, when evaluating goodwill, an entity has the option first to assess qualitative factors to determine whether events and circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired. If after such assessment an entity concludes that the asset is not impaired, then the entity is not required to take further action. However, if an entity concludes otherwise, then it is required to determine the fair value of the asset using a quantitative impairment test, and if impaired, the associated assets must be written down to fair value. There were no impairment charges related to goodwill for the three- and six-month periods ended October 31, 2019 and 2018.
Intangible assets consist of customer relationship intangibles and trademarks. The Company amortizes the cost of intangible assets over their estimated useful lives, which range from 3 to 6 years, unless such lives are deemed indefinite. There were no impairment charges related to intangible assets for the three- and six-month periods ended October 31, 2019 and 2018.
Foreign Exchange Forward Contracts: In the normal course of business, the Company is subject to risk from adverse fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. The Company manages these risks through the use of foreign exchange forward contracts. The Company recognizes its outstanding forward contracts in the condensed consolidated balance sheets at their fair values. The Company does not designate the forward contracts as accounting hedges. The changes in the fair value of the forward contracts are recorded in other income, net in the condensed consolidated statements of income.
At October 31, 2019, the Company held forward contracts maturing from November 2019 to April 2020 to purchase 228.1 million Mexican pesos at exchange rates ranging from 19.45 to 19.91 Mexican pesos to one U.S. dollar. An asset of $0.1 million is recorded in prepaid expenses and other on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
Note B--New Accounting Pronouncements
In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-02, which requires lessees to recognize almost all leases on their balance sheet as a right-of-use ("ROU") asset and lease liability. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The standard provides for the option to elect a package of practical expedients upon adoption. The Company adopted the standard on May 1, 2019 using the modified retrospective transition approach and elected the package of practical expedients that allows it to forgo reassessment of lease classification for leases that have already commenced. The Company also elected the practical expedients to the new standard without restating comparative prior period financial information and to not recognize ROU assets and liabilities for operating leases with shorter than 12-month terms. On May 1, 2019, the Company recognized operating lease assets and operating lease liabilities of $80.4 million. The new standard did not have a material impact on the Company's results of operations or cash flows, or on its debt covenant calculations. ASU 2016-02 also requires entities to disclose certain qualitative and quantitative information regarding the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. Such disclosures are included in Note P--Leases.
Note C--Net Earnings Per Share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net earnings per share:
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|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
|  | October 31, |  | October 31,
(in thousands, except per share amounts) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Numerator used in basic and diluted net earnings |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
per common share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 22,163 |  |  | $ | 18,488 |  |  | $ | 49,044 |  |  | $ | 43,255 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Denominator for basic net earnings per common |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
share - weighted-average shares |  | 16,920 |  |  | 17,556 |  |  | 16,892 |  |  | 17,545 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock options and restricted stock units |  | 36 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 40 |  |  | 45 |
Denominator for diluted net earnings per common |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
share - weighted-average shares and assumed |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
conversions |  | 16,956 |  |  | 17,588 |  |  | 16,932 |  |  | 17,590 |
Net earnings per share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 1.31 |  |  | $ | 1.05 |  |  | $ | 2.90 |  |  | $ | 2.47 |
Diluted |  | $ | 1.31 |  |  | $ | 1.05 |  |  | $ | 2.90 |  |  | $ | 2.46 |

The Company repurchased a total of 189,633 shares of its common stock during the three- and six-month periods ended October 31, 2018, respectively. There were no shares repurchased during the three- and six-month periods ended October 31, 2019. There were no potentially dilutive securities for the three- and six-month periods ended October 31, 2019, which were excluded from the calculation of net earnings per diluted share. An immaterial amount of potentially dilutive securities for the three- and six-month periods ended October 31, 2018 were excluded from the calculation of net earnings per diluted share.
Note D--Stock-Based Compensation
The Company has various stock-based compensation plans. During the three months ended October 31, 2019, the Board of Directors of the Company approved grants of 9,600 service-based restricted stock units ("RSUs") to non-employee directors. The service-based RSUs (i) vest daily through the end of the two-year vesting period as long as the recipient continuously remains a member of the Board and (ii) entitle the recipient to receive one share of the Company's common stock per unit vested. During the six-months ended October 31, 2019, the Board of Directors of the Company also approved grants of service-based RSUs and performance-based RSUs to key employees. The employee performance-based RSUs totaled 61,379 units and the employee service-based RSUs totaled 33,091 units. The performance-based RSUs entitle the recipients to receive one share of the Company’s common stock per unit granted if applicable performance conditions are met and the recipient remains continuously employed with the Company until the units vest. The service-based RSUs entitle the recipients to receive one share of the Company’s common stock per unit granted if they remain continuously employed with the Company until the units vest. All of the Company’s RSUs granted to employees cliff-vest three years from the grant date.
For the three- and six-month periods ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, stock-based compensation expense was allocated as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended October 31, |  | Six Months Ended October 31,
(in thousands) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Cost of sales and distribution |  | $ | 277 |  |  | $ | 185 |  |  | $ | 492 |  |  | $ | 344 |
Selling and marketing expenses |  | 265 |  |  | 217 |  |  | 473 |  |  | 385 |
General and administrative expenses |  | 636 |  |  | 434 |  |  | 1,110 |  |  | 893 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | $ | 1,178 |  |  | $ | 836 |  |  | $ | 2,075 |  |  | $ | 1,622 |

During the six months ended October 31, 2019, the Company also approved grants of 6,483 cash-settled performance-based restricted stock tracking units ("RSTUs") and 3,482 cash-settled service-based RSTUs for more junior level employees. Each performance-based RSTU entitles the recipient to receive a payment in cash equal to the fair market value of a share of the
11

Company's common stock as of the payment date if applicable performance conditions are met and the recipient remains continuously employed with the Company until the units vest. The service-based RSTUs entitle the recipients to receive a payment in cash equal to the fair market value of a share of the Company's common stock as of the payment date if they remain continuously employed with the Company until the units vest. All of the RSTUs cliff-vest three years from the grant date. Since the RSTUs will be settled in cash, the grant date fair value of these awards is recorded as a liability until the date of payment. The fair value of each cash-settled RSTU award is remeasured at the end of each reporting period and the liability is adjusted, and related expense recorded, based on the new fair value. The Company recognized expense of $0.2 million and $(0.1) million for the three-month periods ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $0.2 million and $0.2 million for the six-month periods ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. A liability for payment of the RSTUs is included in the condensed consolidated balance sheets in the amount of $0.6 million and $0.7 million as of October 31, 2019 and April 30, 2019, respectively.
Note E--Customer Receivables
The components of customer receivables were:

|  | October 31, |  | April 30,
(in thousands) |  | 2019 |  | 2019
Gross customer receivables |  | $ | 127,245 |  |  | $ | 132,145 |
Less: |  |  |  |
Allowance for doubtful accounts |  | (471 | ) |  | (249 | )
Allowance for returns and discounts |  | (6,656 | ) |  | (5,995 | )
Net customer receivables |  | $ | 120,118 |  |  | $ | 125,901 |

Note F--Inventories
The components of inventories were:

|  | October 31, |  | April 30,
(in thousands) |  | 2019 |  | 2019
Raw materials |  | $ | 50,891 |  |  | $ | 46,054 |
Work-in-process |  | 46,151 |  |  | 43,794 |
Finished goods |  | 38,909 |  |  | 34,873 |
Total FIFO inventories |  | 135,951 |  |  | 124,721 |
Reserve to adjust inventories to LIFO value |  | (16,193 | ) |  | (16,193 | )
Total inventories |  | $ | 119,758 |  |  | $ | 108,528 |

Of the total inventory of $119.8 million at October 31, 2019, $69.5 million is carried under the FIFO method of accounting and $50.3 million is carried under the LIFO method. Of the total inventory of $108.5 million at April 30, 2019, $58.6 million is carried under the FIFO method and $49.9 million is carried under the LIFO method.
Note G--Property, Plant and Equipment
The components of property, plant and equipment were:
12

|  | October 31, |  | April 30,
(in thousands) |  | 2019 |  | 2019
Land |  | $ | 4,431 |  |  | $ | 4,751 |
Buildings and improvements |  | 114,794 |  |  | 114,421 |
Buildings and improvements - finance leases |  | 11,202 |  |  | 11,202 |
Machinery and equipment |  | 304,075 |  |  | 294,993 |
Machinery and equipment - finance leases |  | 30,649 |  |  | 30,574 |
Construction in progress |  | 12,641 |  |  | 7,002 |
|  | 477,792 |  |  | 462,943 |
Less accumulated amortization and depreciation |  | (270,893 | ) |  | (254,680 | )
Total |  | $ | 206,899 |  |  | $ | 208,263 |

Amortization and depreciation expense on property, plant and equipment amounted to $9.2 million and $9.0 million for the three months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, and $18.3 million and $17.8 million for the six months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Accumulated amortization on finance leases included in the above table amounted to $31.4 million and $30.8 million as of October 31, 2019 and April 30, 2019, respectively.
Note H--Intangibles
The components of customer relationship intangibles were:

|  | October 31, |  | April 30,
(in thousands) |  | 2019 |  | 2019
Customer relationship intangibles |  | $ | 274,000 |  |  | $ | 274,000 |
Less accumulated amortization |  | (83,722 | ) |  | (60,889 | )
Total |  | $ | 190,278 |  |  | $ | 213,111 |

The components of trademarks were:

|  | October 31, |  | April 30,
(in thousands) |  | 2019 |  | 2019
Trademarks |  | $ | 10,000 |  |  | $ | 10,000 |
Less accumulated amortization |  | (6,111 | ) |  | (4,445 | )
Total |  | $ | 3,889 |  |  | $ | 5,555 |

Customer relationship intangibles and trademarks are amortized over the estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis over six and three years, respectively. Amortization expense for the three months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018 was $12.3 million and $12.2 million, respectively, and $24.5 million and $24.5 million for the six months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Note I--Product Warranty
The Company estimates outstanding warranty costs based on the historical relationship between warranty claims and revenues. The warranty accrual is reviewed monthly to verify that it properly reflects the remaining obligation based on the anticipated expenditures over the balance of the obligation period. Adjustments are made when actual warranty claim experience differs from estimates. Warranty claims are generally made within two months of the original shipment date.
13

The following is a reconciliation of the Company’s warranty liability, which is included in other accrued expenses on the balance sheet:

|  | Six Months Ended
|  | October 31,
(in thousands) |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Beginning balance at May 1 |  | $ | 4,616 |  |  | $ | 4,045 |
Accrual |  | 12,539 |  |  | 13,205 |
Settlements |  | (12,294 | ) |  | (12,604 | )
Ending balance at October 31 |  | $ | 4,861 |  |  | $ | 4,646 |

Note J--Pension Benefits
Effective April 30, 2012, the Company froze all future benefit accruals under the Company’s hourly and salary defined-benefit pension plans.
Net periodic pension benefit cost consisted of the following for the three- and six-month periods ended October 31, 2019 and 2018:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
|  | October 31, |  | October 31,
(in thousands) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Interest cost |  | $ | 1,494 |  |  | $ | 1,568 |  |  | $ | 2,987 |  |  | $ | 3,135 |
Expected return on plan assets |  | (2,082 | ) |  | (2,128 | ) |  | (4,163 | ) |  | (4,255 | )
Recognized net actuarial loss |  | 423 |  |  | 412 |  |  | 846 |  |  | 824 |
Net periodic pension benefit |  | $ | (165 | ) |  | $ | (148 | ) |  | $ | (330 | ) |  | $ | (296 | )

The Company expects to contribute a total of $0.5 million to its pension plans in fiscal 2020, which represents discretionary funding. As of October 31, 2019, $0.3 million of contributions had been made. The Company made contributions of $7.3 million to its pension plans in fiscal 2019.
Note K--Fair Value Measurements
The Company utilizes the hierarchy of fair value measurements to classify certain of its assets and liabilities based upon the following definitions:
Level 1- Investments with quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. The Company’s cash equivalents are invested in money market funds, mutual funds and certificates of deposit. The Company’s mutual fund investment assets represent contributions made and invested on behalf of the Company’s named executive officers in a supplementary employee retirement plan.
Level 2- Investments with observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as: quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3- Investments with unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. The Company has no Level 3 assets or liabilities measured on a recurring basis.
The Company's financial instruments include cash and equivalents, marketable securities and other investments; accounts receivable and accounts payable; and short- and long-term debt. The carrying values of cash and equivalents, certificates of deposit, accounts receivable and payable and short-term debt on the condensed consolidated balance sheets approximate their fair value due to the short maturities of these items. The forward contracts were marked to market and therefore represent fair value. The fair values of these contracts are determined based on inputs that are readily available in public markets or can be derived from
14

information available in publicly quoted markets. The following table summarizes the fair value of assets and liabilities that are recorded in the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of October 31, 2019 and April 30, 2019 at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

|  | Fair Value Measurements
|  | As of October 31, 2019
|  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
ASSETS: |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds |  | $ | 790 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Foreign exchange forward contracts |  | — |  |  | 96 |  |  | — |
Total assets at fair value |  | $ | 790 |  |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | — |
|  | As of April 30, 2019
|  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
ASSETS: |  |  |  |  |  |
Certificates of deposit |  | $ | 1,500 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Mutual funds |  | 1,604 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total assets at fair value |  | $ | 3,104 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

There were no transfers between Level 1, Level 2 or Level 3 for assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis.
Note L--Loans Payable and Long-Term Debt
On December 29, 2017, the Company entered into a credit agreement (as subsequently amended, the "Credit Agreement") with a syndicate of lenders and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent, providing for a $100 million, 5-year revolving loan facility with a $25 million sub-facility for the issuance of letters of credit (the “Revolving Facility”), a $250 million, 5-year initial term loan facility (the "Initial Term Loan") and a $250 million delayed draw term loan facility (the "Delayed Draw Term Loan" and, together with the Revolving Facility and the Initial Term Loan, the "Credit Facilities"). The Company borrowed the entire $250 million available under each of the Initial Term Loan and the Delayed Draw Term Loan on December 29, 2017 and February 12, 2018, respectively, in connection with its acquisition of RSI Home Products, Inc. (“RSI”) and subsequent refinancing of RSI’s debt. The Company is required to make specified quarterly installments on both the Initial Term Loan and the Delayed Draw Loan. As of October 31, 2019, $134 million was outstanding on each of the Initial Term Loan and the Delayed Draw Loan for a total of $268 million. As of April 30, 2019, $170 million was outstanding on each of the Initial Term Loan and the Delayed Draw Loan for a total of $340 million. The outstanding balance approximates fair value as the Initial Term Loan and Delayed Draw Term Loan have a floating interest rate. There were no amounts outstanding on the Revolving Facility as of October 31, 2019 or April 30, 2019. The Credit Facilities mature on December 29, 2022.
Amounts outstanding under the Credit Facilities bear interest based on a fluctuating rate measured by reference to either, at the Company’s option, a base rate plus an applicable margin or LIBOR plus an applicable margin, with the applicable margin being determined by reference to the Company’s then-current “Total Funded Debt to EBITDA Ratio.” The Company also incurs a quarterly commitment fee on the average daily unused portion of the Revolving Facility during the applicable quarter at a rate per annum also determined by reference to the Company’s then-current “Total Funded Debt to EBITDA Ratio.” In addition, a letter of credit fee will accrue on the face amount of any outstanding letters of credit at a per annum rate equal to the applicable margin on LIBOR loans, payable quarterly in arrears. As of October 31, 2019, the applicable margin with respect to base rate loans and LIBOR loans was 0.50% and 1.50%, respectively, and the commitment fee was 0.18%.
The Credit Agreement includes certain financial covenants, including a maximum “Total Funded Debt to EBITDA Ratio” as of the last day of any fiscal quarter ending through January 31, 2020 of no more than 3.50 to 1.00 and thereafter, of no more than 3.25 to 1.00 (with an increase to 3.75 to 1.00 for a certain period upon the consummation of a “Qualified Acquisition”). The Company is also required to maintain a “Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio” of no less than 1.25 to 1.00.
The Credit Agreement includes certain additional covenants, including negative covenants that restrict the ability of the Company and certain of its subsidiaries to incur additional indebtedness, create additional liens on its assets, dispose of its assets or engage in a merger or another similar transaction or engage in transactions with affiliates, subject, in each case, to the various exceptions and conditions described in the Credit Agreement. The negative covenants also restrict the Company’s ability to make certain
15

investments and to make certain restricted payments, including the payment of dividends and repurchase of common stock, in certain limited circumstances. The Company is, however, permitted to make unlimited investments so long as the “Total Funded Debt to EBITDA Ratio” is less than or equal to 3.00 to 1.00 after giving effect to any such investment and no default or event of default has occurred and is continuing or would result from any such investment. The Company is also permitted to make (i) unlimited restricted payments so long as the “Total Funded Debt to EBITDA Ratio” would be less than or equal to 2.75 to 1.00 after giving effect to any such payment and no default or event of default has occurred and is continuing or would result from any such payment and (ii) up to an aggregate of $50 million in restricted payments not otherwise permitted under the Credit Agreement so long as no default or event of default has occurred and is continuing or would result from any such payment.
As of October 31, 2019, the Company was in compliance with the covenants included in the Credit Agreement.
The Company’s obligations under the Credit Agreement are guaranteed by the Company’s subsidiaries and the obligations of the Company and its subsidiaries are secured by a pledge of substantially all of their respective personal property.
On February 12, 2018, the Company issued $350 million in aggregate principal amount of 4.875% Senior Notes due 2026 (the “Senior Notes”). The Senior Notes mature on March 15, 2026 and interest on the Senior Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year. The Senior Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by each of the Company’s current and future wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries that guarantee the Company’s obligations under the Credit Agreement. The indenture governing the Senior Notes restricts the ability of the Company and the Company’s “restricted subsidiaries” to, as applicable, (i) incur additional indebtedness or issue certain preferred shares, (ii) create liens, (iii) pay dividends, redeem or repurchase stock or make other distributions or restricted payments, (iv) make certain investments, (v) create restrictions on the ability of the “restricted subsidiaries” to pay dividends to the Company or make other intercompany transfers, (vi) transfer or sell assets, (vii) merge or consolidate with a third party and (viii) enter into certain transactions with affiliates of the Company, subject, in each case, to certain qualifications and exceptions as described in the indenture. As of October 31, 2019, the Company and its restricted subsidiaries were in compliance with all covenants under the indenture governing the Senior Notes.
At October 31, 2019, the book value of the Senior Notes was $350 million and the fair value was $357 million, based on Level 1 inputs.
Note M--Income Taxes
The effective income tax rate for the three- and six-month periods ended October 31, 2019 was 26.1% and 26.0%, respectively, compared with 27.2% and 25.4% in the comparable periods in the prior fiscal year. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the second quarter as compared to the comparable period in the prior fiscal year was primarily due to less unfavorable permanent tax items. The overall increase in the effective tax rate for the first half of fiscal 2020 as compared to the comparable period in the prior year was primarily due to a decrease in the benefit from stock-based compensation transactions. During the first half of fiscal 2020 and 2019, the Company recognized an excess tax benefit related to stock-based compensation transactions of $0.1 million and $0.7 million, respectively.
Note N--Revenue Recognition
The Company disaggregates revenue from contracts with customers into major sales distribution channels as these categories depict the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows that are affected by economic factors. The following table disaggregates our consolidated revenue by major sales distribution channels for the three- and six-months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six months ended
|  | October 31, |  | October 31,
(in thousands) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Home center retailers |  | $ | 189,148 |  |  | $ | 196,542 |  |  | $ | 387,899 |  |  | $ | 401,591 |
Builders |  | 184,755 |  |  | 169,596 |  |  | 357,344 |  |  | 334,680 |
Independent dealers and distributors |  | 54,113 |  |  | 58,740 |  |  | 110,138 |  |  | 117,569 |
Net Sales |  | $ | 428,016 |  |  | $ | 424,878 |  |  | $ | 855,381 |  |  | $ | 853,840 |

Note O--Concentration of Risks
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Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company maintains its cash and cash equivalents with major financial institutions and such balances may, at times, exceed Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limits. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts and believes it is not exposed to any significant risk on cash.
Credit is extended to customers based on an evaluation of each customer's financial condition and generally collateral is not required. The Company's customers operate in the new home construction and home remodeling markets.
The Company maintains an allowance for bad debt based upon management's evaluation and judgment of potential net loss. The allowance is estimated based upon historical experience, the effects of current developments and economic conditions and of each customer’s current and anticipated financial condition. Estimates and assumptions are periodically reviewed and updated. Any resulting adjustments to the allowance are reflected in current operating results.
At October 31, 2019, the Company's two largest customers, Customers A and B, represented 25.5% and 19.7% of the Company's gross customer receivables, respectively. At October 31, 2018, Customers A and B represented 26.9% and 22.0% of the Company’s gross customer receivables, respectively.
The following table summarizes the percentage of net sales attributable to the Company's two largest customers for the three- and six-months ended October 31, 2019 and 2018:

| Three Months Ended |  | Six months ended
| October 31, |  | October 31,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Customer A | 28.7% |  | 28.7% |  | 28.7% |  | 28.9%
Customer B | 15.5% |  | 17.5% |  | 16.6% |  | 18.1%

Note P--Leases
On May 1, 2019, the Company adopted ASC 842, Leases. Changes to the Company’s accounting policy as a result of adoption are discussed below.
Operating Leases - ROU assets related to operating leases are presented as “Operating lease right-of-use assets” on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Lease liabilities related to operating leases that are subject to the ASC 842 measurement requirements such as operating leases with lease terms greater than twelve months are presented in “Short-term lease liability - operating” and “Long-term lease liability - operating” on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Operating lease ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of the future lease payments over the lease term. The discount rate used to determine the present value of the lease payments is the rate implicit in the lease unless that rate cannot be readily determined, in which case, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of the future lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment. Operating lease ROU assets may also include any cumulative prepaid or accrued rent when the lease payments are uneven throughout the lease term. The ROU assets and lease liabilities may also include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option. The ROU asset includes any lease payments made and lease incentives received prior to the commencement date. The Company has lease arrangements with lease and non-lease components which are accounted for separately. Non-lease components of the lease payments are expensed as incurred and are not included in determining the present value.
Finance Leases - ROU assets related to finance leases are presented in "Property, plant and equipment, net” on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet. Lease liabilities related to finance leases are presented in “Current maturities of long-term debt” and “Long-term debt, less current maturities” on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet.
Finance lease ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the commencement date based on the present value of the future lease payments over the lease term. The discount rate used to determine the present value of the lease payments is the rate implicit in the lease unless that rate cannot be readily determined, in which case, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate in determining the present value of the future lease payments. The incremental borrowing rate is the rate of interest that the Company would have to pay to borrow on a collateralized basis over a similar term an amount equal to the lease payments in a similar economic environment.
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The components of lease costs were as follows:

|  | Six Months Ended
|  | October 31,
(in thousands) |  | 2019
Finance lease cost: |  |  |
Amortization of right-of-use assets |  | $ | 1,239 |
Interest on lease liabilities |  | 105 |
Operating lease cost |  | 12,768 |

Additional information related to leases was as follows:

|  | Six Months Ended
|  | October 31,
(in thousands) |  | 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |
Operating cash flows for finance leases |  | $ | 105 |
Operating cash flows for operating leases |  | 11,783 |
Financing cash flows for financing leases |  | 1,203 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new finance lease liabilities |  | 643 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities |  | 24,178 |
Weighted average remaining lease term (years) |  |
Weighted average remaining lease term - finance leases |  | 3.36 |
Weighted average remaining lease term - operating leases |  | 6.51 |
Weighted average discount rate |  |
Weighted average discount rate - finance leases |  | 3.20 | %
Weighted average discount rate - operating leases |  | 4.26 | %

The following is a reconciliation of future undiscounted cash flows to the operating and finance lease liabilities, and the related ROU assets, presented on the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of October 31, 2019:

(in thousands) |  | Operating leases |  | Financing leases
Year ending April 30, |  |  |  |  |  |
2020 |  | $ | 11,866 |  |  | $ | 1,300 |
2021 |  | 21,887 |  |  | 2,142 |
2022 |  | 15,758 |  |  | 1,205 |
2023 |  | 11,384 |  |  | 803 |
2024 |  | 10,227 |  |  | 763 |
Thereafter |  | 34,047 |  |  | 176 |
Total lease payments |  | 105,169 |  |  | 6,389 |
Less imputed interest |  | (13,649 | ) |  | (302 | )
Total lease liability |  | $ | 91,520 |  |  | $ | 6,087 |
Current maturities |  | (19,453 | ) |  | (2,320 | )
Lease liability - long-term |  | $ | 72,067 |  |  | $ | 3,767 |
Lease assets |  | $ | 89,662 |  |  | $ | 10,431 |

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As we have not restated prior-year information for our adoption of ASC Topic 842, the following presents our future minimum lease payments for operating leases and capital leases under ASC Topic 840 on April 30, 2019:

Fiscal Year | Operating (in thousands) |  | Capital (in thousands)
2020 | $ | 17,943 |  |  | 2,456 |
2021 | 17,649 |  |  | 1,953 |
2022 | 12,435 |  |  | 1,013 |
2023 | 10,636 |  |  | 705 |
2024 | 9,854 |  |  | 701 |
2025 (and thereafter) | 38,871 |  |  | 166 |
| $ | 107,388 |  |  | $ | 6,994 |
Less amounts representing interest (2% - 6.5%) |  |  | (349 | )
Total obligations under capital leases |  |  | $ | 6,645 |

Note Q--Other Information
The Company is involved in suits and claims in the normal course of business, including without limitation product liability and general liability claims, and claims pending before the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. On at least a quarterly basis, the Company consults with its legal counsel to ascertain the reasonable likelihood that such claims may result in a loss. As required by FASB Accounting Standards Codification Topic 450, “Contingencies”, the Company categorizes the various suits and claims into three categories according to their likelihood for resulting in potential loss: those that are probable, those that are reasonably possible, and those that are deemed to be remote. Where losses are deemed to be probable and estimable, accruals are made. Where losses are deemed to be reasonably possible, a range of loss estimates is determined and considered for disclosure. In determining these loss range estimates, the Company considers known values of similar claims and consults with outside counsel.
The Company believes that the aggregate range of loss stemming from the various suits and asserted and unasserted claims that were deemed to be either probable or reasonably possible was not material as of October 31, 2019.
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes, both of which are included in Part I, Item 1 of this report. The Company’s critical accounting policies are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019.
Forward-Looking Statements
This report contains statements concerning the Company’s expectations, plans, objectives, future financial performance, and other statements that are not historical facts. These statements may be “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In most cases, the reader can identify forward-looking statements by words such as “anticipate,” “estimate,” “forecast,” “expect,” “believe,” “should,” “could,” “would,” “plan,” “may,” “intend,” “estimate,” “prospect,” “goal,” “will,” “predict,” “potential” or other similar words. Forward-looking statements contained in this report, including elsewhere in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” are based on current expectations and our actual results may differ materially from those projected in any forward-looking statements. In addition, the Company participates in an industry that is subject to rapidly changing conditions and there are numerous factors that could cause the Company to experience a decline in sales and/or earnings or deterioration in financial condition. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in forward-looking statements made in this report include but are not limited to:

• | the loss of or a reduction in business from one or more of our key customers;

• | negative developments in the U.S. housing market or general economy and the impact of such developments on our and our customers’ business, operations and access to financing;

• | competition from other manufacturers and the impact of such competition on pricing and promotional levels;

• | an inability to develop new products or respond to changing consumer preferences and purchasing practices;

• | a failure to effectively manage manufacturing operations, alignment and capacity or an inability to maintain the quality of our products;

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• | the impairment of goodwill, other intangible assets or our long-lived assets;

• | an inability to obtain raw materials in a timely manner or fluctuations in raw material and energy costs;

• | information systems interruptions or intrusions or the unauthorized release of confidential information concerning customers, employees or other third parties;

• | the cost of compliance with, or liabilities related to, environmental or other governmental regulations or changes in governmental or industry regulatory standards, especially with respect to health and safety and the environment;

• | a failure to attract and retain certain members of management or other key employees or other negative labor developments, including increases in the cost of labor;

• | risks associated with the implementation of our growth strategy;

• | risks related to sourcing and selling products internationally and doing business globally, including the imposition of tariffs or duties on those products;

• | unexpected costs resulting from a failure to maintain acceptable quality standards;

• | changes in tax laws or the interpretations of existing tax laws;

• | the occurrence of significant natural disasters, including earthquakes, fires, floods, and hurricanes or tropical storms;

• | the unavailability of adequate capital for our business to grow and compete;

• | increased buying power of large customers and the impact on our ability to maintain or raise prices;

• | the risk that the anticipated economic benefits, costs savings and other synergies in connection with our acquisition of RSI are not fully realized or take longer to realize than expected; and

• | limitations on operating our business as a result of covenant restrictions under our indebtedness, and our ability to pay amounts due under the Credit Facilities, the Senior Notes and our other indebtedness.

Additional information concerning factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in forward-looking statements is contained in this report, including elsewhere in "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," and also in the Company's most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019, filed with the SEC, including under Item 1A, "Risk Factors," Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and Item 7A, "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk." While the Company believes that these risks are manageable and will not adversely impact the long-term performance of the Company, these risks could, under certain circumstances, have a material adverse impact on its operating results and financial condition.
Any forward-looking statement that the Company makes speaks only as of the date of this report. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements or cautionary factors as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law.
Overview
American Woodmark Corporation manufactures and distributes kitchen, bath and home organization products for the remodeling and new home construction markets. Its products are sold on a national basis directly to home centers and builders and through a network of independent dealers and distributors. On October 31, 2019, the Company operated eighteen manufacturing facilities in the United States and Mexico and eight primary service centers located throughout the United States.
The three-month period ended October 31, 2019 was the Company’s second quarter of its fiscal year that ends on April 30, 2020 (“fiscal 2020”).
The Company’s remodeling-based business was impacted by the following trends during the second quarter of the Company’s fiscal 2020:

• | The median price per existing home sold rose during the third calendar quarter of 2019 compared to the same period one year ago by 5.0% according to data provided by the National Association of Realtors, and existing home sales increased 2.3% during the third calendar quarter of 2019 compared to the same period in the prior year;

• | The unemployment rate improved to 3.6% as of October 2019 compared to 3.8% as of October 2018 according to data provided by the U.S. Department of Labor;

• | Mortgage interest rates decreased with a thirty-year fixed mortgage rate of approximately 3.69% in October 2019, a decrease of approximately 114 basis points compared to the same period in the prior year, according to Freddie Mac; and

• | Consumer sentiment as tracked by Thomson Reuters/University of Michigan decreased from 98.6 in October 2018 to 95.5 in October 2019.

The Company believes there is no single indicator that directly correlates with cabinet remodeling market activity. For this reason, the Company considers other factors in addition to those discussed above as indicators of overall market activity including credit availability, housing affordability and sales reported by the Kitchen Cabinet Manufacturers Association (“KCMA”), a trade
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organization that issues the aggregate sales that have been reported by its members including the largest cabinet manufacturers in the United States. Based on the totality of factors listed above, the Company believes that the cabinet remodeling market decreased in the low-single digits during the second quarter of fiscal 2020.
The Company’s remodeling sales, which consist of our independent dealer and distributor channel sales and home center retail sales, decreased 4.7% during the second quarter and 4.1% during the first half of fiscal 2020 compared to the same prior-year periods. Our independent dealer and distributor channel decreased by 7.9% during the second quarter and 6.3% during the first half of fiscal 2020 when compared to the comparable prior-year periods. Our home center channel decreased by 3.8% during the second quarter and 3.4% during the first half of fiscal 2020 when compared to the comparable prior-year periods.
New construction sales increased 8.9% in the second quarter and 6.8% in the first half of fiscal 2020, when compared to the same periods of fiscal 2019. The Company believes that fluctuations in single-family housing starts are the best indicator of new construction cabinet activity. Assuming a sixty to ninety day lag between housing starts and the installation of cabinetry, single-family housing starts increased 1.6% during the second quarter of the Company’s fiscal 2020 over the comparable prior year period. The Company believes it over indexed the market due to mix and share gains with existing customers.
The Company’s total net sales increased 0.7% during the second quarter and 0.2% during the first half of fiscal 2020 compared to the same prior-year periods, which was driven primarily by growth in the builder channel.
The Company earned net income of $22.2 million for the second quarter of fiscal 2020, compared with $18.5 million in the second quarter of its prior fiscal year, and earned net income of $49.0 million for the first half of fiscal 2020, compared with $43.3 million in the same period of the prior year.
Results of Operations

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
|  | October 31, |  | October 31,
(in thousands) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Percent Change |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Percent Change
Net sales |  | $ | 428,016 |  |  | $ | 424,878 |  |  | 0.7 | % |  | $ | 855,381 |  |  | $ | 853,840 |  |  | 0.2 | %
Gross profit |  | 87,050 |  |  | 86,762 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 181,569 |  |  | 182,498 |  |  | (0.5 | )
Selling and marketing expenses |  | 20,451 |  |  | 22,986 |  |  | (11.0 | ) |  | 41,138 |  |  | 45,924 |  |  | (10.4 | )
General and administrative expenses |  | 29,900 |  |  | 28,718 |  |  | 4.1 |  |  | 59,332 |  |  | 58,548 |  |  | 1.3 |

Net Sales. Net sales were $428.0 million for the second quarter of fiscal 2020, an increase of 0.7% compared with the second quarter of fiscal 2019. For the first six months of fiscal 2020, net sales were $855.4 million, reflecting a 0.2% increase compared to the same period of fiscal 2019. The Company experienced growth in the builder channel and stock home center business, which was offset by declines in the made-to-order home center and independent dealers and distributors channels during the second quarter and first half of fiscal year 2020.
Gross Profit. Gross profit margin for the second quarter of fiscal 2020 was 20.3%, compared with 20.4% for the same period of fiscal 2019. Gross profit margin was 21.2% for the first half of fiscal 2020, compared with 21.4% in the first half of fiscal 2019.
Gross margin in the second quarter and first half of the current fiscal year was favorably impacted by higher sales volumes and improved operating efficiencies. These favorable impacts were partially offset by increased tariffs, costs related to our particleboard supply disruption (see discussion below) and duplicate rent costs related to our California facility move of $0.4 million and $0.8 million for the three- and six-month periods ended October 31, 2019, respectively.
Selling and Marketing Expenses. Selling and marketing expenses were 4.8% of net sales in the second quarter and first half of fiscal 2020, compared with 5.4% of net sales for the same periods in fiscal 2019. Selling and marketing expenses as a percentage of net sales decreased during the second quarter and first half of fiscal 2020 as a result of ongoing expense controls and lower personnel costs.
General and Administrative Expenses. General and administrative expenses were 7.0% of net sales in the second quarter of fiscal 2020, compared with 6.8% of net sales in the second quarter of fiscal 2019 and 6.9% of net sales in both the first half of fiscal 2020 and 2019. The increase in general and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales during the second quarter was driven by higher incentive compensation costs.
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Effective Income Tax Rates. The Company’s effective income tax rate for the three- and six-month periods ended October 31, 2019 and 2018 was 26.1% and 26.0%, respectively, compared with 27.2% and 25.4% in the comparable periods in the prior fiscal year. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the second quarter as compared to the comparable period in the prior fiscal year was primarily due to less unfavorable permanent tax items. The overall increase in the effective tax rate for the first half of fiscal 2020 as compared to the comparable period in the prior year was primarily due to a decrease in the benefit from stock-based compensation transactions.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures. We have reported our financial results in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). In addition, we have discussed our financial results using the non-GAAP measures described below.
A reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to the most directly comparable financial measures calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP is set forth below.
Management believes that these non-GAAP financial measures provide an additional means of analyzing the current period’s results against the corresponding prior period’s results. However, these non-GAAP financial measures should be viewed in addition to, and not as a substitute for, the Company’s reported results prepared in accordance with GAAP. Our non-GAAP financial measures are not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for comparable GAAP measures and should be read only in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP.
Adjusted EPS per diluted share
We use Adjusted EPS per diluted share in evaluating the performance of our business and profitability. Management believes that this measure provides useful information to investors by offering additional ways of viewing the Company’s results by providing an indication of performance and profitability excluding the impact of unusual and/or non-cash items. We define Adjusted EPS per diluted share as diluted earnings per share excluding the per share impact of (1) expenses related to the RSI acquisition and subsequent restructuring charges, (2) the amortization of customer relationship intangibles and trademarks, (3) net gain on debt forgiveness and modification and (4) the tax benefit of RSI acquisition expenses and subsequent restructuring charges, the net gain on debt forgiveness and modification and the amortization of customer relationship intangibles and trademarks. The amortization of intangible assets is driven by the RSI acquisition and will recur in future periods. Management has determined that excluding amortization of intangible assets from our definition of Adjusted EPS per diluted share will better help it evaluate the performance of our business and profitability and we have also received similar feedback from some of our investors regarding the same.
Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin
We use Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin in evaluating the performance of our business, and we use each in the preparation of our annual operating budgets and as indicators of business performance and profitability. We believe Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin allow us to readily view operating trends, perform analytical comparisons and identify strategies to improve operating performance.
We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income adjusted to exclude (1) income tax expense, (2) interest (income) expense, net, (3) depreciation and amortization expense, (4) amortization of customer relationship intangibles and trademarks, (5) expenses related to the RSI acquisition and subsequent restructuring charges, (6) stock-based compensation expense, (7) gain/loss on asset disposals, (8) unrealized gain/loss on foreign exchange forward contracts and (9) net gain on debt forgiveness and modification. We believe Adjusted EBITDA, when presented in conjunction with comparable GAAP measures, is useful for investors because management uses Adjusted EBITDA in evaluating the performance of our business.
We define Adjusted EBITDA margin as Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of net sales.
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Reconciliation of Adjusted Non-GAAP Financial Measures to the GAAP Equivalents
|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
|  | October 31, |  | October 31,
(in thousands) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net income (GAAP) |  | $ | 22,163 |  |  | $ | 18,488 |  |  | $ | 49,044 |  |  | $ | 43,255 |
Add back: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income tax expense |  | 7,815 |  |  | 6,921 |  |  | 17,272 |  |  | 14,693 |
Interest expense, net |  | 7,436 |  |  | 8,943 |  |  | 15,524 |  |  | 18,368 |
Depreciation and amortization expense |  | 12,164 |  |  | 11,458 |  |  | 24,027 |  |  | 22,226 |
Amortization of customer relationship intangibles and trademarks |  | 12,250 |  |  | 12,250 |  |  | 24,500 |  |  | 24,500 |
EBITDA (Non-GAAP) |  | $ | 61,828 |  |  | $ | 58,060 |  |  | $ | 130,367 |  |  | $ | 123,042 |
Add back: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition related expenses (1) |  | (130 | ) |  | 649 |  |  | (89 | ) |  | 3,410 |
Change in foreign exchange forward contracts (2) |  | (152 | ) |  | 993 |  |  | (96 | ) |  | 199 |
Stock-based compensation expense |  | 1,178 |  |  | 836 |  |  | 2,075 |  |  | 1,622 |
Loss on asset disposal |  | 151 |  |  | 230 |  |  | 217 |  |  | 584 |
Adjusted EBITDA (Non-GAAP) |  | $ | 62,875 |  |  | $ | 60,768 |  |  | $ | 132,474 |  |  | $ | 128,857 |
Net Sales |  | $ | 428,016 |  |  | $ | 424,878 |  |  | $ | 855,381 |  |  | $ | 853,840 |
Adjusted EBITDA margin (Non-GAAP) |  | 14.7 | % |  | 14.3 | % |  | 15.5 | % |  | 15.1 | %

(1) Acquisition related expenses are comprised of expenses related to the RSI acquisition and the subsequent restructuring charges that the Company incurred.
(2) In the normal course of business the Company is subject to risk from adverse fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. The Company manages these risks through the use of foreign exchange forward contracts. The changes in the fair value of the forward contracts are recorded in other (income) expense in the operating results.
A reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin as projected for fiscal 2020 is not provided because we do not forecast net income as we cannot, without unreasonable effort, estimate or predict with certainty various components of net income.
Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA for the second quarter of fiscal 2020 was $62.9 million or 14.7% of net sales compared to $60.8 million or 14.3% of net sales for the same quarter of the prior fiscal year. Adjusted EBITDA for the first six months of the fiscal year was $132.5 million or 15.5% of net sales compared to $128.9 million or 15.1% of net sales for the same period of the prior fiscal year. The increase is primarily due to sales growth, improved operating efficiencies and lower selling and marketing expenses.
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Reconciliation of Net Income to Adjusted Net Income
|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
|  | October 31, |  | October 31,
(in thousands, except share data) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Net income (GAAP) |  | $ | 22,163 |  |  | $ | 18,488 |  |  | $ | 49,044 |  |  | $ | 43,255 |
Add back: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition related expenses |  | (130 | ) |  | 649 |  |  | (89 | ) |  | 3,410 |
Amortization of customer relationship intangibles and |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
trademarks |  | 12,250 |  |  | 12,250 |  |  | 24,500 |  |  | 24,500 |
Tax benefit of add backs |  | (3,103 | ) |  | (3,291 | ) |  | (6,200 | ) |  | (7,089 | )
Adjusted net income (Non-GAAP) |  | $ | 31,180 |  |  | $ | 28,096 |  |  | $ | 67,255 |  |  | $ | 64,076 |
Weighted average diluted shares |  | 16,955,835 |  |  | 17,588,449 |  |  | 16,932,236 |  |  | 17,589,767 |
Adjusted EPS per diluted share (Non-GAAP) |  | $ | 1.84 |  |  | $ | 1.60 |  |  | $ | 3.97 |  |  | $ | 3.64 |

Outlook. The Company tracks several metrics, including but not limited to housing starts, existing home sales, mortgage interest rates, new jobs growth, GDP growth and consumer confidence, which it believes are leading indicators of overall demand for kitchen and bath cabinetry. The Company believes that housing starts will remain positive, driven by low unemployment rates, low mortgage rates and growth in new household formation. However, the Company expects that while the cabinet remodeling market will show modest improvement during fiscal 2020, it will continue to be below historical averages.
The Company expects that industry-wide cabinet remodeling sales will continue to be challenged until economic trends remain consistently favorable. Growth is expected at a low single digit rate during the Company’s fiscal 2020. The Company’s home center market share is expected to remain at normalized levels for fiscal 2020, however this is heavily dependent upon competitive promotional activity. The Company expects to gain market share in its growing independent dealer and distributor channel, however we believe the overall market will continue to soften with relatively flat growth.
Based on available information, it is expected that new residential construction starts will grow approximately low single digits during fiscal 2020. The Company’s new residential construction direct business is expected to increase at a faster rate than the market rate for single family housing starts due to continued market share gains.
In total, the Company expects that it will grow sales at a low single digit rate in fiscal 2020. This growth rate is very dependent upon overall industry and economic growth. Margins will be challenged with increases in labor costs, raw materials, tariffs and transportation rates. The Company will be negatively impacted by the move of one of our California facilities and incremental merchandising expenses and particle board supply disruption costs. The Company expects adjusted EBITDA margins for fiscal 2020 to remain flat with prior year results.
Particleboard Supply
Due to a catastrophic fire at a key Southeast supplier plant in May 2019 and the supplier’s subsequent decision to shutter operations at two additional plants, the Company is currently experiencing higher costs in the supply of particleboard, a key input component to the build of our cabinetry. The Company has worked diligently to qualify additional suppliers, and our product engineering team has successfully transitioned to acceptable substitutions with a performance level that meets or exceeds that of particleboard.
We expect stable supply lines for particleboard will once again be established during the third quarter of fiscal 2020. The Company has recognized costs in excess of insurance reimbursements related to our particleboard supply disruption of $0.9 million and $2.4 million for the three- and six-month periods ended October 31, 2019. Management currently expects that these events will have a negative impact on at least our third quarter of fiscal 2020 as the continued use of substituted materials will increase our costs. Our results could continue to be negatively impacted by product substitution costs and incremental transportation costs of $1.0 to $2.0 million per quarter until fully resolved.
The Company maintains property insurance, including business interruption/dependent property coverage with a limit of $5 million. The company has realized a $2.9 million reimbursement to date on the $5 million limit. The Company is working with
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its insurance carrier to determine the applicability of the coverage for the event. We expect the level of insurance proceeds will cover approximately 60% of the losses we incur due to these events, but there can be no assurance that we will ultimately be able to collect such amounts and such collection may occur in a different reporting period from the reporting period where we experience losses due to these events.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company’s cash and cash equivalents and investments in certificates of deposit totaled $51.4 million at October 31, 2019, representing a $7.7 million decrease from its April 30, 2019 levels. At October 31, 2019, total long-term debt (including current maturities) was $ 620.3 million, a decrease of $71.2 million from its balance at April 30, 2019. The Company’s ratio of long-term debt to total capital was 47.8% at October 31, 2019, compared with 52.6% at April 30, 2019.
The Company’s main source of liquidity is its cash and cash equivalents on hand and cash generated from its operating activities. The Company can also borrow up to $100 million under the Revolving Facility. Approximately $94.5 million was available under this facility as of October 31, 2019.
As of October 31, 2019, $134 million was outstanding on each of the Initial Term Loan and the Delayed Draw Term Loan for a total of $268.0 million. Amounts outstanding under the Credit Facilities bear interest based on a fluctuating rate measured by reference to either, at the Company’s option, a base rate plus an applicable margin ranging between 0.00% and 1.00% or LIBOR plus an applicable margin ranging between 1.00% and 2.00%, with the applicable margin being determined by reference to the Company’s then-current “Total Funded Debt to EBITDA Ratio.” The Company also incurs a quarterly commitment fee on the average daily unused portion of the Revolving Facility during the applicable quarter at a rate per annum also determined by reference to the Company’s then-current “Total Funded Debt to EBITDA Ratio.” As of October 31, 2019, the applicable margin with respect to base rate loans and LIBOR loans was 0.50% and 1.50%, respectively, and the commitment fee was 0.18%.
The Company is required to repay the aggregate outstanding amounts under the Initial Term Loan and the Delayed Draw Term Loan in certain specified quarterly installments that began on April 30, 2018. The Credit Facilities mature on December 29, 2022.
As of October 31, 2019, the Company’s previously issued $350 million in aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes remained outstanding. Interest on the Senior Notes accrues at an annual rate of 4.875% and is payable semi-annually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year. The Senior Notes mature on March 15, 2026.
The Credit Agreement and the indenture governing the Senior Notes restrict the ability of the Company and certain of the Company’s subsidiaries to, among other things, incur additional indebtedness, create additional liens, make certain investments, dispose of assets or engage in a merger or consolidation, engage in certain transactions with affiliates, and make certain restricted payments, including the payment of dividends or the repurchase or redemption of stock, subject, in each case, to the various exceptions and conditions described in the Credit Agreement and the indenture governing the Senior Notes.
See Note L--Loans Payable and Long-Term Debt for additional information about the Credit Facilities and Senior Notes and a discussion of our compliance with the covenants in the Credit Agreement and the indenture.
Cash provided by operating activities in the first six months of fiscal 2020 was $86.2 million, compared with $107.7 million in the comparable period of fiscal 2019. The decrease in the Company’s cash from operating activities was driven primarily by a decrease in cash inflows from income taxes and accrued compensation and related expenses.
The Company’s investing activities primarily consist of purchases and maturities of certificates of deposit, investment in property, plant and equipment and promotional displays. Net cash used for investing activities was $18.3 million in the first six months of fiscal 2020, compared with $19.7 million in the comparable period of fiscal 2019. The decrease in cash used was due to a decrease in cash received from maturities of certificates of deposit, offset by the prior year payment of the working capital adjustment related to the acquisition of RSI.
During the first six months of fiscal 2020, net cash used by financing activities was $74.2 million, compared with $108.5 million in the comparable period of the prior fiscal year. The decrease in cash used was primarily driven by the Company’s payments of long-term debt of $73.2 million, a decrease of $20.9 million, and no stock repurchases in the current year, a decrease of $13.2 million.
On August 22, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) authorized a stock repurchase program of up to $50 million of the Company’s common shares. Repurchases may be made from time to time in the open market, or through privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, in compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations, at prices and on terms the Company deems
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appropriate and subject to the Company's cash requirements for other purposes, compliance with the covenants under the Credit Agreement and the indenture governing the Senior Notes, and other factors management deems relevant. The authorization does not obligate the Company to acquire a specific number of shares during any period, and the authorization may be modified, suspended or discontinued at any time at the discretion of the Board. Management expects to fund any share repurchases using available cash and cash generated from operations. Repurchased shares will become authorized but unissued common shares. The Company did not repurchase any of its shares during the fiscal quarter ended October 31, 2019.
Cash flow from operations combined with accumulated cash and cash equivalents on hand are expected to be more than sufficient to support forecasted working capital requirements, service existing debt obligations and fund capital expenditures for the remainder of fiscal 2020.
Seasonal and Inflationary Factors
Our business has been subject to seasonal influences, with higher sales typically realized in our first and fourth fiscal quarters. General economic forces and changes in our customer mix have reduced seasonal fluctuations in revenue over the past few years. The costs of the Company’s products are subject to inflationary pressures and commodity price fluctuations. The Company has generally been able over time to recover the effects of inflation and commodity price fluctuations through sales price increases.
Critical Accounting Policies
The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. There have been no significant changes to the Company’s critical accounting policies as disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019.
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
The costs of the Company’s products are subject to inflationary pressures and commodity price fluctuations. The Company has generally been able, over time, to recover the effects of inflation and commodity price fluctuations through sales price increases.
The Revolving Facility, Initial Term Loan and Delayed Draw Term Loan include a variable interest rate component. As a result, we are subject to interest rate risk with respect to such floating-rate debt. A 100 basis point increase in the variable interest rate component of our borrowings as of October 31, 2019 would increase our annual interest expense by approximately $2.7 million.
The Company enters into foreign exchange forward contracts principally to offset currency fluctuations in transactions denominated in certain foreign currencies, thereby limiting our exposure to risk that would otherwise result from changes in exchange rates. The periods of the foreign exchange forward contracts correspond to the periods of the transactions denominated in foreign currencies.
The Company does not currently use commodity or interest rate derivatives or similar financial instruments to manage its commodity price or interest rate risks.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Senior management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures as of October 31, 2019. Based on this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures are not effective as of October 31, 2019 due to the material weakness in internal control over financial reporting involving ineffective general information technology controls ("GITCs") related to RSI that was disclosed in Part II, Item 9A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019 (our "2019 Annual Report").
During the quarter ended October 31, 2019, we continued to implement our remediation plan described in Part II, Item 9A of our 2019 Annual Report, which includes establishing additional training for certain RSI personnel to ensure a clear understanding of risk assessment and monitoring activities related to automated processes and IT systems and GITCs, documenting and executing robust policies and procedures over the GITC environment with a focus on user and privileged access controls and their impact on program change and computer operation controls, defining and documenting clear roles and responsibilities for certain departments to perform complete and timely user access reviews, and implementing consistent documentation requirements and retention to evidence the operation of GITC access controls. We are committed to maintaining a strong internal control environment
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and implementing measures designed to help ensure that control deficiencies contributing to the material weakness are remediated as soon as possible. The weakness will not be considered remediated until the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively. We expect that the remediation of this material weakness will be completed prior to the end of fiscal 2020.
Except as described above, there has been no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended October 31, 2019 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The Company is involved in various suits and claims in the normal course of business all of which constitute ordinary, routine litigation incidental to the Company’s business. The Company is not party to any material litigation that does not constitute ordinary, routine litigation incidental to its business.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Risk factors that may affect the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition are described in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2019 and there have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed. Additional risks are discussed elsewhere in this report, including in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” under the headings “Forward-Looking Statements” and “Outlook.”
Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Number | Description
3.1 (a) | Articles of Incorporation as amended effective August 12, 1987 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Form 10-Q for the quarter ended January 31, 2003; Commission File No. 000-14798).
3.1 (b) | Articles of Amendment to the Articles of Incorporation effective September 10, 2004 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K as filed on August 31, 2004; Commission File No. 000-14798).
3.2 | Bylaws – as amended and restated November 27, 2018 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Form 8-K as filed on November 28, 2018; Commission File No. 000-14798).
31.1 | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act (Filed Herewith).
31.2 | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act (Filed Herewith).
32.1 | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Exchange Act and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Furnished Herewith).
101 | Interactive Data File for the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended October 31, 2019 formatted in Inline XBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Filed Herewith).
104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
AMERICAN WOODMARK CORPORATION
(Registrant)

| /s/ M. Scott Culbreth
| M. Scott Culbreth
| Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
| Date: November 26, 2019
| Signing on behalf of the registrant and
| as principal financial and accounting officer

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