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Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
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Apr. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Income Taxes | Income Taxes Income tax expense was comprised of the following:
| FISCAL YEARS ENDED APRIL 30,
(in thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
CURRENT |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | 39,180 |  |  | $ | 8,748 |  |  | $ | 25,683 |
State | 12,937 |  |  | 3,295 |  |  | 5,639 |
Foreign | 998 |  |  | 417 |  |  | 1,018 |
Total current expense | 53,115 |  |  | 12,460 |  |  | 32,340 |
DEFERRED |  |  |  |  |
Federal | (20,195) |  |  | (21,316) |  |  | (10,741) |
State | (3,869) |  |  | (4,049) |  |  | (1,896) |
Foreign | (88) |  |  | (352) |  |  | (203) |
Total deferred benefit | (24,152) |  |  | (25,717) |  |  | (12,840) |
Total expense (benefit) | 28,963 |  |  | (13,257) |  |  | 19,500 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) | (50) |  |  | 21,944 |  |  | (1,156) |
Total comprehensive income tax expense | $ | 28,913 |  |  | $ | 8,687 |  |  | $ | 18,344 |
The Company's effective income tax rate varied from the federal statutory rate as follows:
| FISCAL YEARS ENDED APRIL 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Federal statutory rate | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | %
Effect of: |  |  |  |  |
Federal income tax credits | (2.7) |  |  | 5.4 |  |  | (1.2) |
Stock compensation | 0.2 |  |  | (0.3) |  |  | 0.2 |
Uncertain tax positions | (0.2) |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | — |
Meals and entertainment | 0.2 |  |  | (0.4) |  |  | 0.1 |
Valuation allowance for deferred taxes | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Foreign | 0.3 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 0.6 |
Other | (0.4) |  |  | (0.6) |  |  | 0.2 |
State income taxes, net of federal tax effect | 5.2 |  |  | 3.4 |  |  | 3.2 |
Effective income tax rate | 23.6 | % |  | 30.8 | % |  | 24.1 | %
The significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows:
| APRIL 30,
(in thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | $ | 2,755 |  |  | $ | 1,941 |
Inventory | 900 |  |  | — |
Product liability | 2,031 |  |  | 1,739 |
Employee benefits | 6,824 |  |  | 5,604 |
Tax credit carryforwards | 5,920 |  |  | 5,542 |
Operating leases liabilities | 26,884 |  |  | 29,255 |
Section 174 research and development | 5,258 |  |  | — |
Section 263A costs | 1,002 |  |  | 386 |
Other | 1,892 |  |  | 1,476 |
Gross deferred tax assets, before valuation allowance | 53,466 |  |  | 45,943 |
Valuation allowance | (5,573) |  |  | (5,122) |
Gross deferred tax assets, after valuation allowance | 47,893 |  |  | 40,821 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
Pension benefits | 227 |  |  | 194 |
Inventory | — |  |  | 1,095 |
Depreciation | 22,464 |  |  | 27,178 |
Intangibles | 6,830 |  |  | 18,085 |
Operating leases right-of-use assets | 24,681 |  |  | 26,980 |
Interest rate swaps | 3,518 |  |  | 3,457 |
Other | 634 |  |  | 703 |
Gross deferred tax liabilities | 58,354 |  |  | 77,692 |
Net deferred tax liability | $ | 10,461 |  |  | $ | 36,871 |
We have not recorded deferred income taxes applicable to undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries that are indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations. Undistributed earnings that are indefinitely reinvested in foreign operations are not significant as of April 30, 2023. The Company recorded a valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets for certain state investment tax credit ("ITC") carryforwards and foreign tax credit ("FTC") carryforwards. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, after considering all positive and negative evidence, it is determined that it is more likely than not that some portion, or all, of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company determined that there will not be sufficient foreign source income to fully utilize the current year and carry forward FTCs. Therefore, the Company updated the valuation allowance for the current year activity of $0.3 million related to FTCs. The gross amount of state tax credit carryforwards related to state ITCs as of April 30, 2023 and 2022 was $3.6 million and $3.7 million, respectively. These credits expire in various years beginning in fiscal 2028. Net of the federal impact and related valuation allowance, the Company recorded $0.3 million and $0.4 million of deferred tax assets related to these credits as of April 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company accounts for ITCs under the deferral method, under which the tax benefit from the ITC is deferred and amortized into income tax expense over the book life of the related property. As of April 30, 2023 and 2022, a deferred credit balance of $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively, is included in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. The gross amount of FTC carryforwards as of April 30, 2023 and 2022 is $2.2 million and $1.9 million, respectively, which begin to expire in fiscal 2029. The following table summarizes the activity related to unrecognized tax benefits, excluding the federal tax benefit of state tax deductions:
| APRIL 30,
(in thousands) | 2023 |  | 2022
Change in Unrecognized Tax Benefits |  |  |
Balance at beginning of year | $ | 2,070 |  |  | $ | 1,491 |
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year | — |  |  | 49 |
Additions based on tax positions of prior years | 1,568 |  |  | 1,286 |
Statute of limitations lapses | — |  |  | (756) |
Reductions for tax positions of prior years settlements | (746) |  |  | — |
Balance at end of year | $ | 2,892 |  |  | $ | 2,070 |
The Company operates in multiple tax jurisdictions and, in the normal course of business, its tax returns are subject to examination by various taxing authorities. Such examinations may result in future assessments by these taxing authorities, and the Company has accrued a liability when it believes that it is not more likely than not that it will realize the benefits of tax positions that it has taken or for the amount of any tax benefit that exceeds the cumulative probability threshold in accordance with accounting standards. As of April 30, 2023, federal tax years 2019 through 2022 remain subject to examination. The Company believes that adequate provisions have been made for all tax returns subject to examination. The Company is currently not under federal audit. If the liability for uncertain tax positions is released the entire amount would impact the Company's effective tax rate.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 946 -SubTopic 20 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 13 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480990/946-20-50-13 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SX 210.4-08(h)(2)) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147480678/235-10-S99-1 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//740/tableOfContent Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 14 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-14 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-21 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 270 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482526/740-270-50-1 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 17 -Subparagraph (b) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-17 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-1 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section S99 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147479360/740-10-S99-2 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Topic 740 -SubTopic 30 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (a) -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org//1943274/2147482603/740-30-50-2 + Details
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