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Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2012
Significant Accounting Policies |
2. | Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and include the accounts of pSivida Corp. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The Company’s fiscal year ends on June 30 of each year. The years ended June 30, 2012, 2011 and 2010 may be referred to herein as fiscal 2012, fiscal 2011 and fiscal 2010, respectively. Throughout these financial statements, references to “US$” and “$” are to U.S. dollars and references to “A$” are to Australian dollars. Use of Estimates The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosure of assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts and disclosure of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant management estimates and assumptions include, among others, those related to revenue recognition for multiple-deliverable arrangements, recoverability of intangible assets, realization of deferred tax assets and the valuation of stock option awards. Actual results could differ from these estimates. Foreign Currency The functional currency of each entity is the currency of the primary economic environment in which that entity operates - the U.S. dollar or the Pound Sterling. Assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign subsidiary are translated at period-end exchange rates. Amounts included in the statements of operations are translated at the weighted average exchange rates for the period. Gains and losses from currency translation are included in accumulated other comprehensive income as a separate component of stockholders’ equity in the consolidated balance sheets. The balance of accumulated other comprehensive income attributable to foreign currency translation was $950,000 at June 30, 2012 and $1.4 million at June 30, 2011. Foreign currency gains or losses arising from transactions denominated in foreign currencies, whether realized or unrealized, are recorded in other income, net in the consolidated statements of operations and were not significant for all periods presented. Cash Equivalents Cash equivalents represent highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase, principally consisting of institutional money market funds. Marketable Securities Marketable securities consist of investments with an original or remaining maturity of greater than ninety days at the date of purchase. The Company has classified its marketable securities as available-for-sale and, accordingly, records these investments at fair value, with unrealized gains and temporary losses excluded from earnings and reported, net of tax, in accumulated other comprehensive income, which is a component of stockholders’ equity. If it is determined that a decline of any investment is other-than-temporary, the investment would be written down to fair value. As of June 30, 2012 and 2011, there were no investments in a significant unrealized loss position. The fair value of marketable securities is determined based on quoted market prices at the balance sheet dates of the same or similar instruments. The amortized cost of debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts through to the earlier of sale or maturity. Such amortization and accretion amounts are included in interest income, net in the consolidated statements of operations. The cost of marketable securities sold is determined by the specific identification method. Concentrations of Risk Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities. At June 30, 2012, substantially all of the Company’s interest-bearing cash equivalent balances, aggregating approximately $4.3 million, were concentrated in one institutional money market fund that has investments consisting primarily of certificates of deposit, commercial paper, time deposits, U.S. government agency securities, treasury bills and treasury repurchase agreements. Generally, these deposits may be redeemed upon demand and, therefore, bear minimal risk. Marketable securities at June 30, 2012 consist of investment-grade corporate bonds, commercial paper and certificates of deposit. The Company’s investment policy, approved by the Board of Directors, includes guidelines relative to diversification and maturities designed to preserve principal and liquidity. Pfizer accounted for $754,000, or 21%, of total revenues in fiscal 2012 and $3.3 million, or 67%, of total revenues in fiscal 2011. Bausch & Lomb accounted for $1.4 million, or 41%, of total revenues in fiscal 2012 and $1.4 million, or 27%, of total revenues in fiscal 2011. Alimera accounted for approximately $22.3 million, or 97%, of total revenues in fiscal 2010. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The carrying amounts of cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses approximate fair value because of their short-term maturity. Accounts and Other Receivables Receivables consist primarily of (i) quarterly royalties earned; (ii) accrued interest on marketable securities; and (iii) U.K. research and development tax credits. Debt and Equity Instruments Debt and equity instruments are classified as either liabilities or equity in accordance with the substance of the contractual arrangement. Warrants issued in connection with share issues that are denominated in a currency (A$) other than the Company’s functional currency (US$) are treated as derivative liabilities, reflecting the variable amount of functional currency to be received upon potential exercise. After initial recognition, subsequent changes in the fair value of the derivative liabilities are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations in each reporting period. Fair value is determined using a Black-Scholes valuation model. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation, which is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets (generally three years). Leasehold improvements are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the remaining non-cancellable lease term or the useful lives of the assets. Repairs and maintenance costs are expensed as incurred. Leases Leases are classified at their inception as either operating or capital leases based on the economic substance of the agreement. Lease payments made under operating leases are recognized as an expense on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Contingent rentals are recognized as an expense in the financial year in which they are incurred. Impairment of Intangible Assets The Company’s finite life intangible assets include its acquired Durasert and BioSilicon patented technologies, which are being amortized on a straight-line basis over twelve years. The intangible asset lives were determined based upon the anticipated period that the Company will derive future cash flows from the intangible assets, considering the effects of legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive and other economic factors. The Company continually monitors whether events or circumstances have occurred that indicate that the remaining estimated useful life of its intangible assets may warrant revision. The Company assesses potential impairments to its intangible assets when there is evidence that events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized when the future undiscounted net cash flows expected to result from the use of an asset is less than its carrying value. If an asset is considered to be impaired, the impairment charge to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying value of the asset exceeds its estimated fair value. During the quarter ended December 31, 2011, the Company recorded a $14.8 million intangible asset impairment charge related to its Durasert and BioSilicon technologies (see Note 4). Revenue Recognition Collaborative Research and Development and Multiple-Deliverable Arrangements The Company enters into collaborative arrangements with strategic partners for the development and commercialization of product candidates utilizing the Company’s technologies. The terms of these agreements have typically included multiple deliverables by the Company (for example, license rights, research and development services and manufacturing of clinical materials) in exchange for consideration to the Company of some combination of non-refundable license fees, research and development funding, payments based upon achievement of clinical development or other milestones and royalties in the form of a designated percentage of product sales or profits. Revenue is recognized when there is persuasive evidence that an arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the price is fixed and determinable and collection is reasonably assured. Multiple-deliverable arrangements, such as license and development agreements, are analyzed to determine whether the deliverables can be separated or whether they must be accounted for as a single unit of accounting. When deliverables are separable, consideration received is allocated to the separate units of accounting based on the relative selling price method and the appropriate revenue recognition principles are applied to each unit. When the Company determines that an arrangement should be accounted for as a single unit of accounting, it must determine the period over which the performance obligations will be performed and revenue will be recognized. The Company estimates its performance period used for revenue recognition based on the specific terms of each agreement, and adjusts the performance periods, if appropriate, based on the applicable facts and circumstances. Significant management judgment may be required to determine the level of effort required under an arrangement and the period over which the Company is expected to complete its performance obligations under the arrangement. If the Company cannot reasonably estimate when its performance obligations either are completed or become inconsequential, then revenue recognition is deferred until the Company can reasonably make such estimates. Revenue is then recognized over the remaining estimated period of performance using the cumulative catch-up method. The Company prospectively adopted the provisions of Accounting Standards Update No. 2009-13, Revenue Recognition (Topic 605); Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements (“ASU 2009-13”) for new and materially modified arrangements originating on or after July 1, 2010. ASU 2009-13 provides updated guidance on how the deliverables in an arrangement should be separated, and how consideration should be allocated, and it changes the level of evidence of standalone selling price required to separate deliverables by allowing a vendor to make its best estimate of the standalone selling price of deliverables when vendor-specific objective evidence or third-party evidence of selling price is not available. In June 2011, the Company materially modified its 2007 Collaborative Research and License Agreement with Pfizer, and the Company applied the provisions of ASU 2009-13 to this arrangement. The accounting for all the Company’s other existing arrangements will continue under the prior accounting standards unless an arrangement is materially modified. The adoption of ASU 2009-13 had a material impact on the Company’s financial results, increasing collaborative research and development revenues by $3.3 million for the year ended June 30, 2011, compared to what would have been recognized had the Company continued to apply prior revenue recognition guidance. Royalties Royalty income is recognized upon the sale of the related products, provided that the royalty amounts are fixed and determinable, collection of the related receivable is reasonably assured and the Company has no remaining performance obligations under the arrangement. Such revenues are included as royalty income. If royalties are received when the Company has remaining performance obligations, the royalty payments would be attributed to the services being provided under the arrangement and therefore revenue would be recognized as such performance obligations are performed. Such revenues are included as collaborative research and development revenues. Reimbursement of Costs The Company may provide research and development services under collaboration arrangements to assist in advancing the development of licensed products. The Company acts primarily as a principal in these transactions, and, accordingly, amounts received are classified as a component of revenue to be recognized consistent with the revenue recognition policy summarized above. The Company records the expenses incurred and reimbursed on a gross basis. Deferred Revenue Amounts received prior to satisfying the above revenue recognition criteria are recorded as deferred revenue in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Amounts not expected to be recognized within one year following the balance sheet date are classified as non-current deferred revenue. Research and Development Research and development costs are charged to operations as incurred. These costs include all direct costs, including cash compensation, stock-based compensation and benefits for research and development personnel, amortization of intangible assets, supplies and materials, direct external costs including costs of clinical trials, clinical materials, pre-clinical programs, regulatory affairs, external consultants, and other operational costs related to the Company’s research and development of its product candidates. Stock-Based Compensation The Company may award stock options and other equity-based instruments to its employees, directors and consultants pursuant to stockholder-approved plans. Compensation cost related to such awards is based on the fair value of the instrument on the grant date and is recognized, net of estimated forfeitures, on a graded vesting basis over the requisite service period for each separately vesting tranche of the awards. The Company estimates the fair value of stock option awards using the Black-Scholes option valuation model. Net (Loss) Income per Share Basic net (loss) income per share is computed by dividing net (loss) income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. For periods in which the Company reports net income, diluted net income per share is determined by adding to the weighted average number of common shares outstanding the average number of dilutive common equivalent shares using the treasury stock method, unless the effect is anti-dilutive. The calculation of shares used to compute basic and diluted net (loss) income per share is as follows:
|  | Year Ended June 30, |
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |  |  | 2010 |
Number of common shares—basic |  |  | 20,791,202 |  |  |  | 19,489,154 |  |  |  | 18,404,823 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock options |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 489,783 |
Number of common shares—diluted |  |  | 20,791,202 |  |  |  | 19,489,154 |  |  |  | 18,894,606 |
The following potentially dilutive securities outstanding, prior to the application of the treasury stock method, have been excluded from the computation of diluted weighted-average shares outstanding for the years ended June 30, 2012, 2011 and 2010, as they would be anti-dilutive:
|  | June 30, |
|  | 2012 |  |  | 2011 |  |  | 2010 |
Options |  |  | 3,165,855 |  |  |  | 2,740,895 |  |  |  | 907,219 |
Warrants |  |  | 2,270,189 |  |  |  | 7,820,227 |  |  |  | 10,997,681 |
|  |  | 5,436,044 |  |  |  | 10,561,122 |  |  |  | 11,904,900 |
Comprehensive (Loss) Income Comprehensive (loss) income is comprised of net (loss) income, foreign currency translation adjustments and unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale marketable securities. Income Tax The Company accounts for income taxes under the asset and liability method. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed for the expected future impact of differences between the financial reporting and income tax bases of assets and liabilities and for the expected future benefit to be derived from tax credits and loss carry forwards. Such deferred income tax computations are measured based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the years in which these temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. A valuation allowance is provided against net deferred tax assets if, based on the available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the net deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company determines whether it is more likely than not that a tax position will be sustained upon examination. If it is not more likely than not that a position will be sustained, none of the benefit attributable to the position is recognized. The tax benefit to be recognized for any tax position that meets the more likely than not recognition threshold is calculated as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon resolution of the contingency. The Company accounts for interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as part of its income tax (expense) benefit. Recently Adopted and Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements New accounting pronouncements are issued periodically by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) and are adopted by the Company as of the specified effective dates. Unless otherwise disclosed below, the Company believes that the impact of recently issued and adopted pronouncements will not have a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows or do not apply to the Company’s operations. In June 2011, the FASB issued new guidance on the presentation of comprehensive income that will require a company to present components of net income (loss) and other comprehensive income in one continuous statement or in two separate, but consecutive statements. There are no changes to the components that are recognized in net income (loss) or other comprehensive income under current GAAP. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2011, with early adoption permitted. The Company will adopt this standard in fiscal quarter beginning July 1, 2012. The Company has not yet determined which method it will elect to present comprehensive income under the new standard. Other than a change in presentation, the adoption of this guidance will not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 6 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18861-107790 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18743-107790 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 3 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18780-107790 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 5 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18854-107790 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6367646&loc=d3e18726-107790 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher AICPA -Name Accounting Principles Board Opinion (APB) -Number 22 -Paragraph 8 -LegacyDoc This reference is SUPERSEDED by the Accounting Standards Codification effective for interim and annual periods ending after September 15, 2009. This reference is included to help users transition from the previous accounting hierarchy and will be removed from future versions of this taxonomy. + Details
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