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Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Business Description ScanSource, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries referred to as “the Company” or “ScanSource”) is a leading hybrid distributor connecting devices to the cloud and accelerating growth for partners across hardware, Software as a Service ("SaaS"), connectivity and cloud. The Company brings technology solutions and services from the world's leading suppliers of mobility and barcode, point-of-sale ("POS"), payments, networking, physical security, unified communications and collaboration, telecom and cloud services to market. The Company operates in the United States, Canada, Brazil and the UK. The Company's two operating segments, Specialty Technology Solutions and Modern Communications & Cloud, are based on technology type and are generally related to technology devices and communication, connectivity and cloud services, respectively. Cybersecurity Incident On May 14, 2023, the Company discovered it was subject to a cybersecurity attack perpetrated by unauthorized third parties that affected its IT systems. Upon detection, the Company took immediate steps to address the incident, engaged third-party experts, and notified law enforcement. The Company has cyber insurance and is working with its insurance carriers on claims to recover costs incurred. On May 26, 2023, the Company substantially recovered its operations and completed the restoration of its pertinent IT systems. The Company has taken actions to strengthen its existing IT security infrastructure and continues to implement additional measures to prevent unauthorized access to, or manipulation of, its systems and data. Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated. Unless otherwise indicated, amounts provided in these Notes pertain to continuing operations only. Related Party Transactions A related party is generally defined as (i) any person that holds 10% or more of the Company’s securities and their immediate families, (ii) the Company’s management, (iii) someone that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by or is under common control with the Company or (iv) anyone who can significantly influence the financial and operating decisions of the Company. A transaction is considered to be a related party transaction when there is a transfer of resources or obligations between related parties. There were no material related party transactions for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates, including those related to the allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable, asset impairments, inventory reserves, purchase price allocations, goodwill and intangibles and supplier incentives. Management bases its estimates on assumptions that management believes to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form a basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily available from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions; however, management believes that its estimates, including those for the above-described items, are reasonable and that the actual results will not vary significantly from the estimated amounts. The following accounting policies relate to the more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of the Consolidated Financial Statements: (a) Allowances for Trade and Notes Receivable The Company maintains an allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable for estimated losses resulting from customers’ failure to make payments on accounts receivable due to the Company. Management determines the estimate of the allowance for uncollectible accounts receivable by considering a number of factors, including: (i) historical experience, (ii) aging of the accounts receivable, (iii) specific information obtained by the Company on the financial condition and the current creditworthiness of its customers, (iv) the current economic and country-specific environment and (v) reasonable and supportable forecasts about collectability. If the financial condition of the Company’s customers were to deteriorate and reduce the ability of the Company’s customers to make payments on their accounts, the Company may be required to increase its allowance by recording additional bad debt expense. Likewise, should the financial condition of the Company’s customers improve and result in payments or settlements of previously reserved amounts, the Company may be required to record a reduction in bad debt expense to reverse the recorded allowance. (b) Inventory Reserves Management determines the inventory reserves required to reduce inventories to the lower of cost or net realizable value based principally on the effects of technological changes, quantities of goods on hand, length of time on hand and other factors. Net realizable value is determined based on continual inquiries of suppliers who are able to provide credible knowledge of the salability and value of the products. An estimate is made of the net realizable value, less cost to dispose, of products whose value is determined to be impaired. If these products are ultimately sold at less than estimated amounts, additional reserves may be required. The estimates used to calculate these reserves are applied consistently. The adjustments are recorded in the period in which the loss of utility of the inventory occurs, which establishes a new cost basis for the inventory. This new cost basis is maintained until the reserved inventory is disposed of, returned to the supplier or sold. To the extent that specifically reserved inventory is sold, cost of goods sold is expensed for the new cost basis of the inventory sold. (c) Purchase Price Allocations The Company accounts for business combinations in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 805, Business Combinations. For each acquisition, the Company allocates the purchase price to assets acquired, liabilities assumed and goodwill and intangibles. The Company recognizes assets and liabilities acquired at their estimated fair values. Management uses judgment to (i) identify the acquired assets and liabilities assumed, (ii) estimate the fair value of these assets, (iii) estimate the useful life of the assets and (iv) assess the appropriate method for recognizing depreciation or amortization expense over the assets' useful life. (d) Goodwill and Intangible Asset Fair Value The Company estimates the fair value of its goodwill reporting units, as well as its finite lived intangible assets primarily based on the income approach utilizing the discounted cash flow method. The Company also utilizes fair value estimates derived from the market approach utilizing the public company market multiple method to validate the results of the discounted cash flow method for fair value of goodwill, which requires it to make assumptions about the applicability of those multiples to its reporting units. The discounted cash flow method requires the Company to estimate future cash flows, using key assumptions such as the weighted average cost of capital, revenue growth rates, projected gross margin and operating margin percentage growth, expected working capital changes and a related cash flow impact from working capital changes, and then discount those amounts at an appropriate discount rate to present value. (e) Supplier Incentives The Company receives incentives from suppliers as achievement-based supplier rebates that require management to make certain estimates about the amount of supplier consideration that will be received. Achievement-based supplier rebates are earned by achieving certain sales or purchase targets on a periodic basis. The Company determines whether, among other items, all qualifying sales and purchases are considered in calculating the rebates and cash receipts or credit memos received are appropriately applied. The determination of achievement-based rebates requires management to make assumptions about future purchases and sales. Estimates are based on the terms of the incentive program and historical experiences. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less, when purchased, to be cash equivalents. The Company maintains zero-balance disbursement accounts at various financial institutions at which the Company does not maintain significant depository relationships. Due to the terms of the agreements governing these accounts, the Company generally does not have the right to offset outstanding checks written from these accounts against cash on hand, and the respective institutions are not legally obligated to honor the checks until sufficient funds are transferred to fund the checks. As a result, checks released but not yet cleared from these accounts in the amounts of $8.0 million and $18.0 million are classified as accounts payable as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The Company maintains its cash with various financial institutions globally that are monitored regularly for credit quality, although it may hold amounts in excess of Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or other insured limits. Cash and cash equivalents held outside of the United States totaled $31.0 million and $35.0 million as of June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Concentration of Credit Risk The Company sells to a large base of customers throughout the United States, Canada, Brazil and the UK. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition. In certain cases, the Company will accept tangible assets as collateral to increase the trade credit of its customers. Sales to any one customer were less than 10% of the Company’s net sales for fiscal years 2023, 2022 and 2021. In the event that the Company does not collect payment on accounts receivable within the established trade terms for certain customers, the Company may establish arrangements for longer-term financing. The Company accounts for these arrangements by recording them at their historical cost less specific allowances at balance sheet dates. Interest income is recognized in the period earned and is recorded as interest income in the Consolidated Income Statement. Derivative Financial Instruments The Company uses derivative instruments to manage certain exposures related to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and changes in interest rates in connection with borrowing activities. The Company records all derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at fair value. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. The Company’s exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates results from foreign currency denominated assets and liabilities, purchasing and selling internationally in several foreign currencies and from intercompany loans with foreign subsidiaries. The Company’s objective is to preserve the economic value of non-functional currency denominated cash flows. The Company's foreign currencies are denominated primarily in Brazilian reais, British pounds and Canadian dollars. The Company may reduce its exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates by creating offsetting positions through the use of derivative financial instruments. The market risk related to the foreign exchange agreements is offset by changes in the valuation of the underlying items. These contracts are generally for a duration of 90 days or less. The Company has elected not to designate its foreign currency contracts as hedging instruments. They are, therefore, marked-to-market with changes in their fair value recorded in the Consolidated Income Statement each period. Derivative financial instruments related to foreign currency exposure are accounted for on an accrual basis with gains or losses on these contracts recorded in income in the period in which their value changes, with the offsetting entry for unsettled positions reflected in either other assets or other liabilities. The Company's earnings are affected by changes in interest rates due to the impact those changes have on interest expense from floating rate debt instruments. To manage the exposure, the Company has an interest rate swap agreement and has designated this instrument as a hedge of the cash flows on certain variable rate debt. To the extent the derivative instrument was effective in offsetting the variability of the hedged cash flows, changes in the fair value of the derivative instrument were not included in current earnings, but were reported as other comprehensive income (loss). There was no ineffective portion recorded as an adjustment to earnings for the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Investments The Company has investments that are held in a grantor trust formed by the Company related to the ScanSource, Inc. Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan and founder’s Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan. The Company has classified these investments as trading securities, and they are recorded at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in the accompanying Consolidated Income Statements. The Company’s obligations under this deferred compensation plan change in concert with the performance of the investments along with contributions to and withdrawals from the plan. The fair value of these investments and the corresponding deferred compensation obligation was $28.2 million and $25.2 million as of June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively. These investments are classified as either prepaid expenses and current assets or other non-current assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets depending on the timing of planned disbursements. The deferred compensation obligation is classified either within accrued expenses and other current liabilities or other long-term liabilities as well. The amounts of these investments classified as current assets with corresponding current liabilities were $3.5 million and $2.6 million at June 30, 2023 and June 30, 2022, respectively. Inventories Inventories (consisting entirely of finished goods) are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or net realizable value. Supplier Programs The Company receives incentives from suppliers related to cooperative advertising allowances, volume rebates and other incentive programs. These incentives are generally under quarterly, semi-annual or annual agreements with the suppliers. Some of these incentives are negotiated on an ad hoc basis to support specific programs mutually developed between the Company and the supplier. Suppliers generally require that the Company use the suppliers' cooperative advertising allowances for advertising or other marketing programs. Incentives received from suppliers for specifically identified incremental cooperative advertising programs are recorded as adjustments to net sales. ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers addresses accounting for consideration payable to a customer, which the Company interprets and applies as the customer (i.e., the Company) receiving advertising funds from a supplier. The portion of these supplier funds in excess of our costs are reflected as a reduction of inventory. Such funds are recognized as a reduction of the cost of goods sold when the related inventory is sold. The Company records unrestricted volume rebates received as a reduction of inventory and reduces the cost of goods sold when the related inventory is sold. Amounts received or receivables from suppliers that are not yet earned are deferred in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Supplier receivables are generally collected through reductions to accounts payable authorized by the supplier. In addition, the Company may receive early payment discounts from certain suppliers. The Company records early payment discounts received as a reduction of inventory, thereby resulting in a reduction of cost of goods sold when the related inventory is sold. Management makes certain estimates of the amounts of supplier consideration that will be received. Estimates are based on the terms of the incentive program and historical experiences. Actual recognition of the supplier consideration may vary from management estimates. Supplier Concentration The Company sells products from many suppliers; however, sales of products supplied by Cisco and Zebra each constituted more than 10% of the Company's net sales for the years ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Product Warranty The Company’s suppliers generally provide a warranty on the products provided by the Company and allow the Company to return defective products, including those that have been returned to the Company by its customers. In three of its product lines, the Company offers a self-branded warranty program, in which management has determined that the Company is the primary obligor. The Company purchases contracts from unrelated third parties, generally the original equipment manufacturers, to fulfill any obligation to service or replace defective product claimed on these warranty programs. As a result, the Company has not recorded a provision for estimated service warranty costs. To maintain customer relations, the Company facilitates returns of defective products from the Company's customers by accepting for exchange, with the Company's prior approval, most defective products within 30 days of invoicing. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are recorded at cost. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over estimated useful lives of 3 to 10 years for furniture, equipment and computer software, 25 to 40 years for buildings and 15 years for building improvements. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life. Maintenance, repairs and minor renewals are charged to expense as incurred. Additions, major renewals and betterments to property and equipment are capitalized. Capitalized Software The Company accounts for capitalized software in accordance with ASC 350-40, Computer Software Developed for Internal Use, which provides guidance for computer software developed or obtained for internal use. The Company is required to continually evaluate the stage of the implementation process to determine whether or not costs are expensed or capitalized. Costs incurred during the preliminary project phase or planning and research phase are expensed as incurred. Costs incurred during the development phase, such as material and direct services costs, compensation costs of employees associated with the development and interest cost, are capitalized as incurred. Costs incurred during the post-implementation or operation phase, such as training and maintenance costs, are expensed as incurred. In addition, costs incurred to modify existing software that result in additional functionality are capitalized as incurred. Goodwill The Company accounts for recorded goodwill in accordance with ASC 350, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, which requires that goodwill be reviewed annually for impairment or more frequently if impairment indicators exist. Goodwill testing utilizes an impairment analysis, whereby the Company compares the carrying value of each identified reporting unit to its fair value. The Company's goodwill reporting units align directly with its operating segments, Specialty Technology Solutions and Modern Communications & Cloud. The fair values of the reporting units are estimated using the net present value of discounted cash flows generated by each reporting unit. Considerable judgment is necessary in estimating future cash flows, discount rates and other factors affecting the estimated fair value of the reporting units, including operating and macroeconomic factors. Historical financial information, internal plans and projections and industry information are used in making such estimates. Under Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2017-04, if fair value of goodwill is determined to be less than carrying value, an impairment loss is recognized for the amount of the carrying value that exceeds the amount of the reporting units' fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to the reporting unit. Additionally, the Company would consider income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. The Company also assesses the recoverability of goodwill if facts and circumstances indicate goodwill may be impaired. In its most recent annual test, the Company estimated the fair value of its reporting units primarily based on the income approach utilizing the discounted cash flow method. The Company also corroborated the fair value estimates derived from the income approach by considering the implied market multiples of comparable transactions and companies. The discounted cash flow method required the Company to estimate future cash flows and discount those amounts to present value. The key assumptions utilized in determining fair value included: •Industry weighted-average cost of capital ("WACC"): The Company utilized a WACC relative to each reporting unit's respective geography and industry as the discount rate for estimated future cash flows. The WACC is intended to represent a rate of return that would be expected by a market participant in each respective geography. •Operating income: The Company utilized historical and expected revenue growth rates, gross margins and operating expense percentages, which varied based on the projections of each reporting unit being evaluated. •Cash flows from working capital changes: The Company utilized a projected cash flow impact pertaining to depreciation, capital expenditures and expected changes in working capital as each of its goodwill reporting units grow. No goodwill impairment charges were recognized for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021. See Note 7 - Goodwill and Other Identifiable Intangible Assets for more information regarding goodwill and the results of our testing. Intangible Assets Intangible assets consist of customer relationships, trade names, distributor agreements, supplier partner programs, developed technology, non-compete agreements and an encryption key library. Customer relationships, trade names, supplier partner programs, developed technology and the encryption key library are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which range from 4 to 19 years. Non-compete agreements are amortized over their contract life. These assets are shown in detail in Note 7 - Goodwill and Other Identifiable Intangible Assets. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets The Company reviews its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset or asset group may not be recoverable. Tests for recoverability of a long-lived asset to be held and used are measured by comparing the carrying amount of the long-lived asset to the sum of the estimated future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the asset. In estimating the future undiscounted cash flows, the Company uses projections of cash flows directly associated with, and which are expected to arise as a direct result of, the use and eventual disposition of the assets. If it is determined that a long-lived asset is not recoverable, an impairment loss would be calculated equal to the excess of the carrying amount of the long-lived asset over its fair value. No intangible asset or other long-lived asset impairment charges were recognized for the fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021. See Note 7 - Goodwill and Other Identifiable Intangible Assets for more information regarding intangible asset impairment charges. Fair Value of Financial Instruments The fair value of financial instruments is the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties. The carrying values of financial instruments such as accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, borrowings under the revolving credit facility and subsidiary lines of credit approximate fair value based upon either short maturities or variable interest rates of these instruments. For additional information related to the fair value of derivatives, please see Note 10 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments. Contingencies The Company accrues for contingent obligations, including estimated legal costs, when it is probable that a liability is incurred and the amount is reasonably estimable. As facts concerning contingencies become known, management reassesses its position and makes appropriate adjustments to the financial statements. Estimates that are particularly sensitive to future changes include tax, legal and other regulatory matters, which are subject to change as events evolve and as additional information becomes available during the administrative and litigation process. Revenue Recognition The Company accounts for revenue in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. In determining the appropriate amount of revenue to recognize, the Company applies the following five-step model: (i) identify contracts with customers; (ii) identify performance obligations in the contracts; (iii) determine the transaction price; (iv) allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations per the contracts; and (v) recognize revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies a performance obligation. The Company recognizes revenue as control of products and services are transferred to customers, which is generally at the point of shipment. The Company delivers products to customers in several ways, including: (i) shipment from a Company warehouse, (ii) drop-shipment directly from the supplier, or (iii) electronic delivery for software licenses. For more detailed disclosures on the Company's revenue recognition policies, see Note 3 - Revenue Recognition. Advertising Costs The Company defers advertising-related costs until the advertising is first run in trade or other publications or, in the case of brochures, until the brochures are printed and available for distribution or posted online. Advertising costs, net of supplier reimbursement, are included in selling, general and administrative expenses and were not significant in any of the three fiscal years ended June 30, 2023, 2022 and 2021. Deferred advertising costs for each of these three fiscal years were also not significant. Foreign Currency The currency effects of translating the financial statements of the Company’s foreign entities that operate in their local currency are included in the cumulative currency translation adjustment component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. The Company's functional currencies include U.S. dollars, Brazilian reals, British pounds, euros and Canadian dollars. The assets and liabilities of these foreign entities are translated into U.S. dollars using the exchange rate at the end of the respective period. Sales, costs and expenses are translated at average exchange rates effective during the respective period. Foreign currency transactional and re-measurement gains and losses are included in other expense (income) in the Consolidated Income Statements. Such amounts are not significant to any of the periods presented. Income Taxes Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred income taxes reflect tax consequences on future years of differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their financial reporting amounts. In accordance with ASC 740, Accounting for Income Taxes, valuation allowances are provided against deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that an asset will not be realized. Additionally, the Company maintains reserves for uncertain tax provisions. See Note 13 - Income Taxes for further discussion. Share-Based Payments The Company accounts for share-based compensation using the provisions of ASC 718, Accounting for Stock Compensation, which requires the recognition of the fair value of share-based compensation. Furthermore, the Company adopted ASU 2016-09, which simplified several aspects of the accounting for share-based compensation, including income tax effects, forfeitures, statutory withholding requirements and cash flow statement classifications. Share-based compensation is estimated at the grant date based on the fair value of the awards. Since this compensation cost is based on awards ultimately expected to vest, it has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. ASU 2016-09 allows companies to elect an accounting policy to estimate the total number of awards for which the requisite service period will not be rendered or to account for forfeitures when they occur. The Company estimates the total number of awards expected to be forfeited at the time of grant and revise such estimates, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ. The Company has elected to expense grants of awards with graded vesting on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period for each separately vesting portion of the award. Common stock repurchases Repurchases of common stock are accounted for at cost, which includes brokerage fees, and are included as a component of shareholder's equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Comprehensive Income ASC 220, Comprehensive Income, defines comprehensive income as the change in equity (net assets) of a business enterprise during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances from non-owner sources. The components of comprehensive income for the Company include net income, unrealized gains or losses on hedged transactions, net of tax and foreign currency translation adjustments arising from the consolidation of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries. Recent Accounting Pronouncements The Company has reviewed newly issued accounting pronouncements and concluded that they are either not applicable to its business or that no material effect is expected on its consolidated financial statements as a result of future adoption.

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