The Company’s finite and indefinite-lived intangible assets consist of the following:


	September 30, 2023					December 31, 2022
	Gross Carrying		Accumulated			Gross Carrying		Accumulated
	Amount		Amortization			Amount		Amortization

Finite-lived intangible assets
Patents	$	4,806	$	(4,806	)	$	4,806	$	(4,806	)
Land use rights		1,020		(283	)		1,175		(414	)
Trademark		1,974		(1,658	)		1,963		(1,576	)
Technology		6,813		(3,477	)		6,950		(3,189	)
Customer relationships		18,568		(10,229	)		18,637		(9,464	)
	$	33,181	$	(20,453	)	$	33,531	$	(19,449	)
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
Goodwill	$	28,447				$	28,004

The aggregate amortization expense for other intangibles with finite lives for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $0.5 million and $1.4 million, respectively. The aggregate amortization expense for other intangibles with finite lives for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $0.5 million and $1.7 million, respectively. Amortization expense is estimated to be $0.4 million for the remainder of 2023, $1.7 million for 2024, $1.5 million for 2025, and $1.4 million for 2026 and 2027. The weighted-average remaining amortization period is approximately 11.8 years. The weighted-average remaining amortization period by intangible asset class is as follows: land use rights, 52.1 years; trademark, 13.8 years; technology, 7.4 years; and customer relationships, 10.0 years.

The Company’s measurement date for its annual impairment test for goodwill is October 1st of each year. The Company performs additional interim impairment assessments as circumstances warrant. There were no indicators of impairment noted for the period ending September 30, 2023.

The Company may use both quantitative and qualitative approaches when testing goodwill for impairment. For selected reporting units where the qualitative approach is utilized, a qualitative evaluation of events and circumstances impacting the reporting unit is performed to determine if it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount. If that determination is made, no further evaluation is necessary. Otherwise, the Company performs a quantitative impairment test on the reporting unit.

For the quantitative approach, the Company uses a combination of the income approach, which uses a discounted cash flow methodology, and the market approach, which uses comparable market multiples in computing fair value by reporting unit. The Company then compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying value to assess if goodwill has been impaired. The fair value estimates are subjective and sensitive to significant assumptions, such as revenue growth rates, operating margins, the weighted average cost of capital, and estimated market multiples, of which are affected by expectations of future market or economic conditions. The Company believes that the methodologies, significant assumptions, and weightings used are reasonable and result in appropriate fair values of the reporting units.

As of September 30, 2022, the Company concluded that an indicator of impairment was present and conducted an interim impairment review of its goodwill in the Asia-Pacific reporting unit given the continued decline in the Company’s results in the Asia-Pacific region, the Company's reassessment of future forecasts and the rising interest rate environment. The Company reviewed current results and reassessed its previous forecasts for this reporting unit and determined the market headwinds faced in the region, particularly China, would linger for longer than previously expected as the region began to emerge from the COVID-19 pandemic. The rising interest rate environment was also a factor in the decision to perform an interim impairment assessment, given the related impact to the discounted cash flow calculation. The interim impairment assessment was performed utilizing the same methodologies as the annual assessments discussed above and included revised projections, which are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including forecasted revenues, expenses and cash flows.

Based on the interim impairment assessment, the Asia-Pacific reporting unit’s carrying value exceeded its fair value by more than the carrying amount of goodwill, which was caused by both a reduction in forecasted results and an increase in the weighted average cost of capital due to rising interest rates. As a result, the Company recognized a non-cash impairment charge of $6.5 million as of September 30, 2022. This charge was identified separately in the consolidated income statement and impacted income from operations.

The Company’s only intangible asset with an indefinite life is goodwill. The Company’s goodwill is not deductible for tax purposes. Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by reporting unit are shown in the following table:


	PLP-USA		The Americas		EMEA			Asia-Pacific		Total

Balance at January 1, 2023	$	3,078	$	9,597	$	15,329		$	—	$	28,004
Acquisitions		—		387		20			—		407
Currency translation		—		293		(257	)		—		36
Balance at September 30, 2023	$	3,078	$	10,277	$	15,092		$	—	$	28,447

See note 14 for additional information about acquisitions of businesses.