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Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Income Taxes | Note 9 - Income Taxes Income before income taxes was derived from the following sources:
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
United States | $ | 22,395 |  |  | $ | 19,476 |  |  | $ | 57,736 |
Foreign | 23,225 |  |  | 31,294 |  |  | 24,608 |
Total income before income taxes | $ | 45,620 |  |  | $ | 50,770 |  |  | $ | 82,344 |
The components of income taxes for the years ended December 31 are as follows:
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Current |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | 4,633 |  |  | $ | 2,646 |  |  | $ | 12,263 |
Foreign | 6,140 |  |  | 9,613 |  |  | 6,654 |
State and local | 716 |  |  | 316 |  |  | 2,322 |
| 11,489 |  |  | 12,575 |  |  | 21,239 |
Deferred |  |  |  |  |
Federal | (506) |  |  | 2,139 |  |  | (1,866) |
Foreign | (431) |  |  | (1,507) |  |  | 11 |
State and local | (239) |  |  | 452 |  |  | (377) |
| (1,176) |  |  | 1,084 |  |  | (2,232) |
Income taxes | $ | 10,313 |  |  | $ | 13,659 |  |  | $ | 19,007 |
A reconciliation of the provision for income taxes to the amount computed by applying the 21% statutory U.S. federal income tax rate to income before income taxes after the adoption of ASU 2023-09 is as follows:
|  | Amount |  | Percent
US Federal Statutory Tax Rate |  | $9,594 |  | 21.0%
State and Local Tax, net of Federal Benefit (a) |  | 326 |  | 0.6
Foreign Tax Effects |  | 1,583 |  | 3.5
Effect of Changes in Tax Laws or Rates Enacted in the Current Period |  | — |  | —
Tax Credits: |  |  |  |
Foreign Tax Credits |  | (682) |  | (1.5)
Other |  | (56) |  | (0.1)
Effect of Cross Border Tax Laws: |  |  |  |
Global intangible low taxed income |  | 437 |  | 1.0
Other |  | (99) |  | (0.2)
Valuation Allowances |  | 149 |  | 0.3
Non-Taxable or Nondeductible items: |  |  |  |
Non-deductible Officers' Compensation |  | 1,715 |  | 3.8
Excess Tax Benefit from RSUs |  | (1,186) |  | (2.6)
Other |  | 9 |  | —
Changes in Unrecognized Tax Benefits |  | 34 |  | 0.1
Other Adjustments: |  |  |  |
Pension Termination |  | (1,414) |  | (3.1)
Other |  | (97) |  | (0.2)
Effective Tax Rate |  | $10,313 |  | 22.6%
(a) State taxes in Arkansas and Texas make up the majority (greater than 50 percent) of the tax effect in this category. A reconciliation of the provision for income taxes to the amount computed by applying the 21% statutory U.S. federal income tax rate to income before income taxes prior to the adoption of ASU 2023-09 is as follows:
| 2024 |  | 2023
Federal tax at statutory rate | 21.0% |  | 21.0%
Non-deductible officers' compensation | 4.0 |  | 1.5
Non-U.S. tax rate variances | 3.2 |  | 2.0
Global intangible low-taxed income | 2.3 |  | 3.6
Other, net | 1.8 |  | (0.4)
Valuation allowance | 0.5 |  | 0.7
State and local taxes, net of federal benefit | 0.5 |  | 2.2
Uncertain tax positions | 0.1 |  | —
Other U.S. federal permanent items | (0.1) |  | (0.2)
U.S. tax credits | (0.8) |  | (1.3)
Other stock compensation | (2.4) |  | (1.5)
Foreign tax credits | (3.2) |  | (4.5)
Effective income tax rate | 26.9% |  | 23.1%
Income tax expense for the periods ended December 31, 2025, 2024, and 2023 was $10.3 million, $13.7 million, and $19.0 million, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate from 2024 to 2025 was primarily due to the impact of the U.S. Plan termination and a reduction in the unfavorable impact from the mix of income earned in jurisdictions with a higher tax rate than the U.S. This was partially offset by an unfavorable impact from the decrease in certain tax credits. Income Taxes Paid
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Federal | $ | 1,909 |  |  | $ | 4,500 |  |  | $ | 11,412 |
State and Local | (353) |  |  | 1,085 |  |  | 1,887 |
Foreign | 9,869 |  |  | 7,518 |  |  | 8,572 |
Total Income Taxes Paid | $ | 11,425 |  |  | $ | 13,103 |  |  | $ | 21,871 |
Income taxes paid (net of refunds) exceeded five percent of total income taxes paid (net of refunds) in the following jurisdictions:
| 2025 |  |  |  |
Foreign |  |  |  |  |
Australia | $ | 1,492 |  |  |  |  |
Brazil | 1,670 |  |  |  |  |
Mexico | 705 |  |  |  |  |
United Kingdom | 994 |  |  |  |  |
China | 609 |  |  |  |  |
Canada | 1,300 |  |  |  |  |
Indonesia | 819 |  |  |  |  |
Spain | 671 |  |  |  |  |
New Zealand | 575 |  |  |  |  |
South Africa | 1,091 |  |  |  |  |
Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities Deferred income taxes reflect the net effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of our deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows:
| 2025 |  | 2024
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Benefit plan reserves | $ | 6,962 |  |  | $ | 5,947 |
Inventory valuation reserves | 4,885 |  |  | 3,077 |
Research and development capitalization | 3,169 |  |  | 6,483 |
Net operating loss carryforwards | 2,209 |  |  | 1,967 |
Other accrued expenses | 1,982 |  |  | 2,128 |
Foreign tax credit | 1,337 |  |  | 1,337 |
Accrued compensation and benefits | 1,279 |  |  | 1,147 |
Allowance for credit losses | 711 |  |  | 1,298 |
Other | 424 |  |  | 56 |
Gross deferred tax assets | 22,958 |  |  | 23,440 |
Valuation allowance | (2,009) |  |  | (2,725) |
Net deferred tax assets | 20,949 |  |  | 20,715 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
Depreciation and other basis differences | (15,896) |  |  | (15,179) |
Intangibles | (2,166) |  |  | (2,003) |
Other | (1,113) |  |  | (753) |
Deferred tax liabilities | (19,175) |  |  | (17,935) |
Net deferred tax assets | $ | 1,774 |  |  | $ | 2,780 |
| 2025 |  | 2024
Change in net deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Ordinary movement | $ | 1,176 |  |  | $ | (1,084) |
Pension Termination | (2,018) |  |  | — |
Items of other comprehensive loss | — |  |  | 267 |
Deferred tax balances from business acquisitions | (359) |  |  | — |
Currency translation | 192 |  |  | 24 |
Other | 3 |  |  | — |
Total change in net deferred tax assets | $ | (1,006) |  |  | $ | (793) |
As of December 31, 2025, various international subsidiaries had gross net operating losses totaling $9.1 million, resulting in deferred tax assets of $2.2 million. Of the international net operating losses, $1.3 million carryforward indefinitely, while the remainder, if not utilized, will expire between 2026 and 2030. It is more likely than not that certain net operating loss carryforwards will not be realized; therefore, we have recorded a valuation allowance of $0.7 million against them. The net operating loss carryforwards are subject to various annual limitations under the tax laws of the different jurisdictions. The Company considers earnings in our non-U.S. subsidiaries to be permanently reinvested and therefore did not record any associated deferred income taxes on such earnings. Accordingly, the Company intends to continue to invest approximately $172.2 million of such earnings, as well as our capital in these subsidiaries, indefinitely outside of the U.S. Unrecognized Income Tax Benefits The following is a tabular reconciliation of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions, excluding interest and penalties, for the year ended December 31:
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Balance at January 1 | $ | 410 |  |  | $ | 410 |  |  | $ | 482 |
Additions for tax positions of prior years | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Settlements with tax authorities | — |  |  | — |  |  | (72) |
Expiration of statutes of limitations | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance at December 31 | $ | 410 |  |  | $ | 410 |  |  | $ | 410 |
The Company records accrued interest as well as penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits as part of the provision for income taxes. The accrued interest and penalties related to the gross unrecognized tax benefits, excluded from above, was de minimis in all years presented. Preformed Line Products Company and its subsidiaries file income tax return in the United States and various countries around the world. With few exceptions, the Company is no longer subject to United States federal examinations by tax authorities for years before 2022 and foreign, state, and local examinations by authorities for years before 2019.

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