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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2021
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Organization and Principles of Consolidation. Newpark Resources, Inc. was organized in 1932 as a Nevada corporation. In 1991, we changed our state of incorporation to Delaware. The consolidated financial statements include our company and our wholly-owned subsidiaries (“we,” “our,” or “us”). All intercompany transactions are eliminated in consolidation. We are a geographically diversified supplier providing environmentally-sensitive products, as well as rentals and services to customers across multiple industries. We operate our business through two reportable segments: Fluids Systems and Industrial Solutions. Our Fluids Systems segment provides customized drilling, completion, and stimulation fluids products and related technical services to oil and natural gas exploration and production (“E&P”) customers primarily in North America and Europe, the Middle East and Africa (“EMEA”), as well as certain countries in Asia Pacific and Latin America. Our Industrial Solutions segment includes our Site and Access Solutions business, along with our Industrial Blending operations. Site and Access Solutions provides temporary worksite access, including the rental of our manufactured recyclable composite matting systems, along with related site construction and services to customers in various markets including power transmission, E&P, pipeline, renewable energy, petrochemical, construction and other industries, primarily in the United States and Europe. We also sell our manufactured recyclable composite mats to customers around the world, with power transmission being the primary end-market. Use of Estimates and Market Risks. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Significant estimates used in preparing our consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to the following: estimated cash flows and fair values used for impairments of long-lived assets, including goodwill and other intangibles, and valuation allowances for deferred tax assets. Our Fluids Systems operating results remain dependent on oil and natural gas drilling activity levels in the markets we serve and the nature of the drilling operations (including the depth and whether the wells are drilled vertically or horizontally), which governs the revenue potential of each well. Drilling activity levels, in turn, depend on a variety of factors, including oil and natural gas commodity pricing, inventory levels, product demand, and regulatory restrictions. Oil and natural gas prices and activity are cyclical and volatile, and this market volatility has a significant impact on our operating results. Cash Equivalents. All highly liquid investments with a remaining maturity of three months or less at the date of acquisition are classified as cash equivalents. Restricted Cash. Cash that is restricted as to withdrawal or usage is recognized as restricted cash and is included in other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets. Allowance for Credit Losses. In 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued new guidance which requires financial assets measured at amortized cost basis, including trade receivables, to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. See "New Accounting Pronouncements" below for details about the amended guidance and about our adoption. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2019 are presented under the new guidance, while prior period amounts were not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with previous guidance. The new guidance requires an entity to estimate its lifetime “expected credit loss” for such assets at inception, which will generally result in the earlier recognition of allowances for losses. Under previous guidance, reserves for uncollectible accounts receivable were determined on a specific identification basis when we believed that the required payment of specific amounts owed to us was not probable. Under the new guidance, our allowance for credit losses reflects losses that are expected over the contractual life of the asset, and takes into account historical loss experience, current and future economic conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Inventories. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (principally average cost) or net realizable value. Certain conversion costs associated with the acquisition, production, blending, and storage of inventory in our Fluids Systems segment as well as the manufacturing operations in the Industrial Solutions segment are capitalized as a component of the carrying value of the inventory and expensed as a component of cost of revenues as the products are sold. Reserves for inventory obsolescence are determined based on the net realizable value of the inventory using factors such as our historical usage of inventory on-hand, future expectations related to our customers’ needs, market conditions, and the development of new products. Property, Plant and Equipment. Property, plant and equipment are recorded at cost. Additions and improvements that extend the useful life of an asset are capitalized. We capitalize interest costs on significant capital projects. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Sales and disposals of property, plant and equipment are removed at carrying cost less accumulated depreciation with any resulting gain or loss reflected in earnings. Depreciation is provided on property, plant and equipment, including finance lease assets, primarily utilizing the straight-line method over the following estimated useful service lives or lease term:
Computer hardware and office equipment |  | 3-5 years
Computer software |  | 3-10 years
Autos and light trucks |  | 5-7 years
Furniture, fixtures, and trailers |  | 7-10 years
Composite mats (rental fleet) |  | 7-12 years
Machinery and heavy equipment |  | 10-15 years
Owned buildings |  | 20-39 years
Leasehold improvements | Lease term, including reasonably assured renewal periods
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of acquisitions over the fair value of the net identifiable assets acquired in business combinations. Goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite lives are not amortized. Intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortized either on a straight-line basis over the asset’s estimated useful life or on a basis that reflects the pattern in which the economic benefits of the asset are realized. Any period costs of maintaining intangible assets are expensed as incurred. Impairment of Long-Lived Assets. Goodwill and other indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment annually as of November 1, or more frequently, if an indication of impairment exists. As part of our annual goodwill review, we first perform a qualitative assessment based on company performance and future business outlook to determine if indicators of impairment exist. When there are qualitative indicators of impairment, we use an impairment test which includes a comparison of the carrying value of net assets of our reporting units, including goodwill, with their estimated fair values, which we estimate using a combination of a market multiple and discounted cash flow approach (classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy). If the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value, an impairment charge is recorded in the period in which such review is performed. We identify our reporting units based on our analysis of several factors, including our operating segment structure, evaluation of the economic characteristics of our geographic regions within each of our operating segments, and the extent to which our business units share assets and other resources. We review property, plant and equipment, finite-lived intangible assets and certain other assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. We assess recoverability based on the undiscounted future net cash flows expected from the use and eventual disposition of such asset. Should the review indicate that the carrying value is not fully recoverable, the amount of impairment loss is determined by comparing the carrying value to the estimated fair value. Insurance. We maintain reserves for estimated future payments associated with our self-insured employee healthcare programs, as well as the self-insured retention exposures under our general liability, auto liability, and workers compensation insurance policies. Our reserves are determined based on historical experience under these programs, including estimated development of known claims and estimated incurred-but-not-reported claims. Treasury Stock. Treasury stock is carried at cost, which includes the entire cost of the acquired stock. Revenue Recognition. The following provides a summary of our significant accounting policies for revenue recognition. Fluids Systems. Revenues for fluid system additive products and engineering services, when provided to customers in the delivery of an integrated fluid system, are recognized as product sales revenues when utilized by the customer. Revenues for formulated liquid systems are recognized as product sales revenues when utilized or lost downhole while drilling. Revenues for equipment rentals and other services provided to customers that are ancillary to the fluid system product delivery are recognized in rental and service revenues when the services are performed. For direct sales of fluid system products, revenues are recognized when control passes to the customer, which is generally upon shipment of materials. Industrial Solutions. Revenues for rentals and services are generated from both fixed-price and unit-priced contracts, which are generally short-term in duration. The activities under these contracts include the installation and rental of matting systems for a period of time and services such as access road construction, site planning and preparation, environmental protection, fluids and spill containment, erosion control, and site restoration services. Rental revenues are recognized over the rental term and service revenues are recognized when the specified services are performed. Revenues from any subsequent extensions to the rental agreements are recognized over the extension period. Revenues from the direct sale of products are recognized when control passes to the customer, which is upon shipment or delivery, depending on the terms of the underlying sales contract. For both segments, the amount of revenue we recognize for products sold and services performed reflects the consideration to which we expect to be entitled in exchange for such goods or services, which generally reflects the amount we have the right to invoice based on agreed upon unit rates. While billing requirements vary, many of our customer contracts require that billings occur periodically or at the completion of specified activities, even though our performance and right to consideration occurs throughout the contract. As such, we recognize revenue as performance is completed in the amount to which we have the right to invoice. We do not disclose the value of our unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue for the amount to which we have the right to invoice for products sold and services performed. Shipping and handling costs are reflected in cost of revenues, and all reimbursements by customers of shipping and handling costs are included in revenues. Income Taxes. We provide for deferred taxes using an asset and liability approach by measuring deferred tax assets and liabilities due to temporary differences existing at year end using currently enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. We reduce deferred tax assets by a valuation allowance when, based on our estimates, it is more likely than not that a portion of those assets will not be realized in a future period. The estimates utilized in recognition of deferred tax assets are subject to revision, either up or down, in future periods based on new facts or circumstances. We present deferred tax assets and liabilities as noncurrent in the balance sheet based on an analysis of each taxpaying component within a jurisdiction. We evaluate uncertain tax positions and record a liability as circumstances warrant. Share-Based Compensation. Share-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award, net of an estimated forfeiture rate. We recognize these costs in the statement of operations using the straight-line method over the vesting term. Foreign Currency Translation. The functional currency for substantially all international subsidiaries is their respective local currency. Financial statements for these international subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars using the exchange rate at each balance sheet date for assets and liabilities and the average exchange rates in effect during the respective period for revenues and expenses. Exchange rate adjustments resulting from translation of foreign currency financial statements of our international subsidiaries are reflected in accumulated other comprehensive loss in stockholders’ equity until such time that the international subsidiary is sold or liquidation is substantially complete, at which time the related accumulated adjustments would be reclassified into income. Exchange rate adjustments resulting from foreign currency denominated transactions are recorded in income. At December 31, 2021 and 2020, accumulated other comprehensive loss related to foreign subsidiaries reflected in stockholders’ equity was $61.5 million and $54.2 million, respectively. During the fourth quarter of 2019, we made the decision to wind down our Brazil operations, and during the fourth quarter of 2020, we completed the substantial liquidation of our Brazil subsidiary and recognized an $11.7 million non-cash charge to "impairments and other charges" for the reclassification of cumulative foreign currency translation losses related to our subsidiary in Brazil. Fair Value Measurement. Fair value is measured as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at a measurement date. We apply the following fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value into three levels and bases the categorization within the hierarchy upon the lowest level of input that is available and significant to the fair value measurement: •Level 1: The use of quoted prices in active markets for identical financial instruments. •Level 2: The use of quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets or quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active or other inputs that are observable in the market or can be corroborated by observable market data. •Level 3: The use of significantly unobservable inputs that typically require the use of management’s estimates of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing. New Accounting Pronouncements Standards Adopted in 2021 Income Taxes: Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes. In December 2019, the FASB issued new guidance intended to simplify various aspects related to accounting for income taxes. We adopted this new guidance as of January 1, 2021. The adoption of this new guidance had no material impact on our financial statements or related disclosures. Standards Adopted in 2020 Credit Losses: In 2016, the FASB issued new guidance which requires financial assets measured at amortized cost basis, including trade receivables, to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected. The new guidance requires an entity to estimate its lifetime “expected credit loss” for such assets at inception, which will generally result in the earlier recognition of allowances for losses. We adopted this new guidance as of January 1, 2020 using the modified retrospective transition method, and recorded a net reduction of $0.7 million to opening retained earnings to reflect the cumulative effect of adoption. Results for reporting periods beginning after December 31, 2019 are presented under the new guidance, while prior period amounts were not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with previous guidance. See Note 7 for additional required disclosures. The cumulative effect of the changes made to our consolidated balance sheet for the adoption of the new accounting guidance for credit losses were as follows:
(In thousands) | Balance at December 31, 2019 |  | Impact of Adoption of New Credit Losses Guidance |  | Balance at January 1, 2020
Receivables, net | $ | 216,714 |  |  | $ | (959) |  |  | $ | 215,755 |
Deferred tax assets | 3,600 |  |  | 59 |  |  | 3,659 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 34,247 |  |  | (165) |  |  | 34,082 |
Retained earnings | 134,119 |  |  | (735) |  |  | 133,384 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the basis of presentation and significant accounting policies concepts. Basis of presentation describes the underlying basis used to prepare the financial statements (for example, US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, Other Comprehensive Basis of Accounting, IFRS). Accounting policies describe all significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 235 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2122369 + Details
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