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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
_________________________________
FORM 10-Q
_________________________________

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended November 25, 2023

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 0-6365
_________________________________
APOGEE ENTERPRISES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
_________________________________

Minnesota |  |  |  | 41-0919654
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  |  |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
4400 West 78th Street, Suite 520 | Minneapolis | Minnesota |  | 55435
(Address of principal executive offices) |  |  |  | (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (952) 835-1874
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
_________________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.33 1/3 per share |  | APOG |  | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes o No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). x Yes o No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer |  | x |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☐
Non-accelerated filer |  | o |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☐
Emerging growth company |  | ☐ |  |  |  |
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. |  | ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes x No
As of December 29, 2023, 22,085,098 shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.33 1/3 per share, were outstanding.

APOGEE ENTERPRISES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

|  | Page
PART I | Financial Information |
Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited): |
| Consolidated Balance Sheets | 4
| Consolidated Results of Operations | 5
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Earnings | 6
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 7
| Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity | 8
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 10
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 18
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 26
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 26
PART II | Other Information |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 26
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 26
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 26
Item 5. | Other Information | 26
Item 6. | Exhibits | 27
Signatures |  | 28

3

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.Financial Statements
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except stock data) |  | November 25, 2023 |  | February 25, 2023
Assets |  |  |  |
Current assets |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 23,407 |  |  | $ | 19,924 |
Restricted cash |  | — |  |  | 1,549 |
Receivables, net |  | 198,249 |  |  | 197,267 |
Inventories |  | 70,267 |  |  | 78,441 |
Contract assets |  | 48,146 |  |  | 59,403 |
Other current assets |  | 32,390 |  |  | 26,517 |
Total current assets |  | 372,459 |  |  | 383,101 |
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $454,659 and $431,710 |  | 246,206 |  |  | 248,867 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  | 38,849 |  |  | 41,354 |
Goodwill |  | 129,053 |  |  | 129,026 |
Intangible assets, net |  | 64,174 |  |  | 67,375 |
Other non-current assets |  | 44,114 |  |  | 45,642 |
Total assets |  | $ | 894,855 |  |  | $ | 915,365 |
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity |  |  |  |
Current liabilities |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 83,107 |  |  | $ | 86,549 |
Accrued compensation and benefits |  | 42,768 |  |  | 51,651 |
Contract liabilities |  | 35,770 |  |  | 28,011 |
Operating lease liabilities |  | 12,358 |  |  | 11,806 |
Other current liabilities |  | 62,572 |  |  | 64,532 |
Total current liabilities |  | 236,575 |  |  | 242,549 |
Long-term debt |  | 100,666 |  |  | 169,837 |
Non-current operating lease liabilities |  | 29,547 |  |  | 33,072 |
Non-current self-insurance reserves |  | 31,830 |  |  | 29,316 |
Other non-current liabilities |  | 40,506 |  |  | 44,183 |
Commitments and contingent liabilities (Note 7) |  |  |  |
Shareholders’ equity |  |  |  |
Common stock of $0.33-1/3 par value; authorized 50,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 22,085,098 and 22,224,299, respectively |  | 7,362 |  |  | 7,408 |
Additional paid-in capital |  | 149,557 |  |  | 146,816 |
Retained earnings |  | 329,936 |  |  | 273,740 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | (31,124) |  |  | (31,556) |
Total shareholders’ equity |  | 455,731 |  |  | 396,408 |
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity |  | $ | 894,855 |  |  | $ | 915,365 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
4

Table of Contents
CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
(In thousands, except per share data) |  | November 25, 2023 |  | November 26, 2022 |  | November 25, 2023 |  | November 26, 2022
Net sales |  | $ | 339,714 |  |  | $ | 367,847 |  |  | $ | 1,055,102 |  |  | $ | 1,096,591 |
Cost of sales |  | 249,409 |  |  | 281,239 |  |  | 776,440 |  |  | 839,430 |
Gross profit |  | 90,305 |  |  | 86,608 |  |  | 278,662 |  |  | 257,161 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | 52,658 |  |  | 51,847 |  |  | 166,695 |  |  | 157,112 |
Operating income |  | 37,647 |  |  | 34,761 |  |  | 111,967 |  |  | 100,049 |
Interest expense, net |  | 1,454 |  |  | 2,590 |  |  | 5,720 |  |  | 5,494 |
Other expense (income), net |  | 890 |  |  | 552 |  |  | (3,722) |  |  | 2,035 |
Earnings before income taxes |  | 35,303 |  |  | 31,619 |  |  | 109,969 |  |  | 92,520 |
Income tax expense |  | 8,329 |  |  | 7,854 |  |  | 26,092 |  |  | 8,635 |
Net earnings |  | $ | 26,974 |  |  | $ | 23,765 |  |  | $ | 83,877 |  |  | $ | 83,885 |
Basic earnings per share |  | $ | 1.24 |  |  | $ | 1.09 |  |  | $ | 3.83 |  |  | $ | 3.81 |
Diluted earnings per share |  | $ | 1.23 |  |  | $ | 1.07 |  |  | $ | 3.80 |  |  | $ | 3.74 |
Weighted average basic shares outstanding |  | 21,819 |  |  | 21,870 |  |  | 21,889 |  |  | 22,043 |
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding |  | 22,013 |  |  | 22,278 |  |  | 22,093 |  |  | 22,456 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
5

Table of Contents
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE EARNINGS
(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
(In thousands) |  | November 25, 2023 |  | November 26, 2022 |  | November 25, 2023 |  | November 26, 2022
Net earnings |  | $ | 26,974 |  |  | $ | 23,765 |  |  | $ | 83,877 |  |  | $ | 83,885 |
Other comprehensive (loss) earnings: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized (loss) gain on marketable securities, net of $(2), $(24), $23 and $(127) of tax (benefit) expense, respectively |  | (7) |  |  | (88) |  |  | 86 |  |  | (470) |
Unrealized gain (loss) on derivative instruments, net of $56, $277, $1 and $(1,192) of tax expense (benefit), respectively |  | 186 |  |  | 905 |  |  | 6 |  |  | (3,911) |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  | (604) |  |  | (1,295) |  |  | 340 |  |  | (2,340) |
Other comprehensive (loss) earnings |  | (425) |  |  | (478) |  |  | 432 |  |  | (6,721) |
Total comprehensive earnings |  | $ | 26,549 |  |  | $ | 23,287 |  |  | $ | 84,309 |  |  | $ | 77,164 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
6

Table of Contents
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited)

|  | Nine Months Ended
(In thousands) |  | November 25, 2023 |  | November 26, 2022
Operating Activities |  |  |  |
Net earnings |  | $ | 83,877 |  |  | $ | 83,885 |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 31,185 |  |  | 31,925 |
Share-based compensation |  | 6,644 |  |  | 5,961 |
Deferred income taxes |  | 1,296 |  |  | 2,341 |
Gain on disposal of assets |  | (50) |  |  | (1,484) |
Proceeds from New Markets Tax Credit transaction, net of deferred costs |  | — |  |  | 18,390 |
Settlement of New Markets Tax Credit transaction |  | (4,687) |  |  | (19,523) |
Noncash lease expense |  | 8,742 |  |  | 8,924 |
Other, net |  | 10 |  |  | 4,700 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |
Receivables |  | (846) |  |  | (55,791) |
Inventories |  | 8,256 |  |  | (5,822) |
Contract assets |  | 11,194 |  |  | (8,314) |
Accounts payable |  | (1,902) |  |  | (19,780) |
Accrued expenses |  | (7,015) |  |  | 7,281 |
Contract liabilities |  | 7,635 |  |  | 24,702 |
Refundable and accrued income taxes |  | (7,587) |  |  | (14,391) |
Operating lease liability |  | (9,214) |  |  | (9,168) |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | 1,714 |  |  | (2,724) |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | 129,252 |  |  | 51,112 |
Investing Activities |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures |  | (26,956) |  |  | (18,119) |
Proceeds from sales of property, plant and equipment |  | 247 |  |  | 5,212 |
Purchases of marketable securities |  | (969) |  |  | — |
Sales/maturities of marketable securities |  | 1,370 |  |  | 923 |
Net cash used by investing activities |  | (26,308) |  |  | (11,984) |
Financing Activities |  |  |  |
Borrowings on line of credit |  | 195,851 |  |  | 430,879 |
Repayment on debt |  | — |  |  | (151,000) |
Payments on line of credit |  | (265,000) |  |  | (239,000) |
Payments on debt issuance costs |  | — |  |  | (790) |
Repurchase and retirement of common stock |  | (11,821) |  |  | (74,312) |
Dividends paid |  | (15,690) |  |  | (14,415) |
Other, net |  | (3,781) |  |  | (2,959) |
Net cash used by financing activities |  | (100,441) |  |  | (51,597) |
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash |  | 2,503 |  |  | (12,469) |
Effect of exchange rates on cash |  | (569) |  |  | 350 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year |  | 21,473 |  |  | 37,583 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 23,407 |  |  | $ | 25,464 |
Noncash Activity |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures in accounts payable |  | $ | 1,231 |  |  | $ | 1,557 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Unaudited)

(In thousands) |  | Common Shares Outstanding |  | Common Stock at Par Value |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income |  | Total Shareholders' Equity
Balance at February 25, 2023 |  | 22,224 |  |  | $ | 7,408 |  |  | $ | 146,816 |  |  | $ | 273,740 |  |  | $ | (31,556) |  |  | $ | 396,408 |
Net earnings |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23,576 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,576 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 159 |  |  | 159 |
Issuance of stock, net of cancellations |  | 155 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 13 |  |  | (9) |  |  | — |  |  | 56 |
Share-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,178 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,178 |
Share repurchases |  | (120) |  |  | (40) |  |  | (829) |  |  | (4,324) |  |  | — |  |  | (5,193) |
Other share retirements |  | (40) |  |  | (14) |  |  | (281) |  |  | (1,438) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,733) |
Cash dividends |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,245) |  |  | — |  |  | (5,245) |
Balance at May 27, 2023 |  | 22,219 |  |  | $ | 7,406 |  |  | $ | 147,897 |  |  | $ | 286,300 |  |  | $ | (31,397) |  |  | $ | 410,206 |
Net earnings |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 33,327 |  |  | — |  |  | 33,327 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 697 |  |  | 697 |
Issuance of stock, net of cancellations |  | (3) |  |  | (1) |  |  | 7 |  |  | (195) |  |  | — |  |  | (189) |
Share-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,305 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,305 |
Exercise of stock options |  | 25 |  |  | 8 |  |  | (1,192) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,184) |
Share repurchases |  | (160) |  |  | (53) |  |  | (1,160) |  |  | (5,415) |  |  | — |  |  | (6,628) |
Other share retirements |  | (9) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (444) |  |  | (547) |  |  | — |  |  | (994) |
Cash dividends |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,222) |  |  | — |  |  | (5,222) |
Balance at August 26, 2023 |  | 22,072 |  |  | $ | 7,357 |  |  | $ | 147,413 |  |  | $ | 308,248 |  |  | $ | (30,700) |  |  | $ | 432,318 |
Net earnings |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26,974 |  |  | — |  |  | 26,974 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (424) |  |  | (424) |
Issuance of stock, net of cancellations |  | 15 |  |  | 6 |  |  | (5) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Share-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,161 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,161 |
Other share retirements |  | (2) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (12) |  |  | (64) |  |  | — |  |  | (77) |
Cash dividends |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,222) |  |  | — |  |  | (5,222) |
Balance at November 25, 2023 |  | 22,085 |  |  | $ | 7,362 |  |  | $ | 149,557 |  |  | $ | 329,936 |  |  | $ | (31,124) |  |  | $ | 455,731 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Unaudited)

(In thousands) |  | Common Shares Outstanding |  | Common Stock at Par Value |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income |  | Total Shareholders' Equity
Balance at February 26, 2022 |  | 23,701 |  |  | $ | 7,901 |  |  | $ | 149,713 |  |  | $ | 254,825 |  |  | $ | (26,240) |  |  | $ | 386,199 |
Net earnings |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22,731 |  |  | — |  |  | 22,731 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,860) |  |  | (2,860) |
Issuance of stock, net of cancellations |  | 100 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 23 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 56 |
Share-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,597 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,597 |
Share repurchases |  | (1,571) |  |  | (524) |  |  | (10,350) |  |  | (63,438) |  |  | — |  |  | (74,312) |
Other share retirements |  | (30) |  |  | (10) |  |  | (198) |  |  | (1,120) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,328) |
Cash dividends |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,793) |  |  | — |  |  | (4,793) |
Balance at May 28, 2022 |  | 22,200 |  |  | $ | 7,400 |  |  | $ | 140,785 |  |  | $ | 208,205 |  |  | $ | (29,100) |  |  | $ | 327,290 |
Net earnings |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 37,389 |  |  | — |  |  | 37,389 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,383) |  |  | (3,383) |
Issuance of stock, net of cancellations |  | (14) |  |  | (5) |  |  | 61 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 56 |
Share-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,797 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,797 |
Exercise of stock options |  | 36 |  |  | 12 |  |  | (954) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (942) |
Other share retirements |  | (13) |  |  | (4) |  |  | (114) |  |  | (540) |  |  | — |  |  | (658) |
Cash dividends |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,809) |  |  | — |  |  | (4,809) |
Balance at August 27, 2022 |  | 22,209 |  |  | $ | 7,403 |  |  | $ | 141,575 |  |  | $ | 240,245 |  |  | $ | (32,483) |  |  | $ | 356,740 |
Net earnings |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23,765 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,765 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (478) |  |  | (478) |
Issuance of stock, net of cancellations |  | 9 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 250 |  |  | (196) |  |  | — |  |  | 57 |
Share-based compensation |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,567 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,567 |
Other share retirements |  | (4) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (34) |  |  | (165) |  |  | — |  |  | (200) |
Cash dividends |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,813) |  |  | — |  |  | (4,813) |
Balance at November 26, 2022 |  | 22,214 |  |  | $ | 7,405 |  |  | $ | 144,358 |  |  | $ | 258,836 |  |  | $ | (32,961) |  |  | $ | 377,638 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(Unaudited)
1. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of presentation
The consolidated financial statements of Apogee Enterprises, Inc. (we, us, our or the Company) have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The information included in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended February 25, 2023. We use the same accounting policies in preparing quarterly and annual financial statements. All adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of quarterly and year to date operating results are reflected herein and are of a normal, recurring nature. The results of operations for the three- and nine-month periods ended November 25, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
Reclassifications
Certain reclassifications of amounts previously reported have been made to the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, consolidated statements of cash flows and notes to consolidated financial statements to conform to current year presentation of contract assets and liabilities. These reclassifications had no impact on reported cash flows or total assets and liabilities.
Adoption of new accounting standards
In the first quarter, we adopted the guidance in ASU 2022-04, Liabilities – Supplier Finance Programs, Disclosure of Supplier Finance Program Obligations. The guidance requires that entities that use supplier finance programs disclose information about the nature and potential magnitude of the programs, activity during the period, and changes from period to period. Beginning in the first quarter, we implemented a supplier financing arrangement with U.S. Bank that enables our suppliers, at their sole discretion, to sell the Company's receivables (i.e., our payment obligations to the suppliers) to U.S. Bank on a non-recourse basis in order to be paid earlier than our payment terms provide. Our suppliers’ voluntary inclusion of invoices in the supplier financing arrangement has no bearing on our payment terms, the amounts we pay, or our liquidity. We have no economic interest in a supplier’s decision to participate in the supplier financing program, and we do not provide any guarantees in connection with it. As of November 25, 2023, $7.8 million of obligations remained outstanding that we have confirmed as valid to the administrators of our program with U.S. Bank. These balances are reflected in accounts payable in the consolidated balance sheets and are reflected in net cash provided (used by) operating activities in our consolidated statements of cash flows when settled.
2.Revenue, Receivables and Contract Assets and Liabilities
Revenue
The following table disaggregates total revenue by timing of recognition (see Note 11 for disclosure of revenue by segment):

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
(In thousands) |  | November 25, 2023 |  | November 26, 2022 |  | November 25, 2023 |  | November 26, 2022
Recognized at shipment |  | $ | 144,910 |  |  | $ | 168,593 |  |  | $ | 449,805 |  |  | $ | 504,450 |
Recognized over time |  | 194,804 |  |  | 199,254 |  |  | 605,297 |  |  | 592,141 |
Total |  | $ | 339,714 |  |  | $ | 367,847 |  |  | $ | 1,055,102 |  |  | $ | 1,096,591 |

Receivables
Receivables reflected in the financial statements represent the net amount expected to be collected. An allowance for credit losses is established based on expected losses. Expected losses are estimated by reviewing individual accounts, considering aging, financial condition of the debtor, recent payment history, current and forecast economic conditions and other relevant factors. Upon billing, aging of receivables is monitored until collection. An account is considered current when it is within agreed upon payment terms. An account is written off when it is determined that the asset is no longer collectible.

(In thousands) |  | November 25, 2023 |  | February 25, 2023
Trade accounts |  | $ | 113,016 |  |  | $ | 140,732 |
Construction contracts |  | 88,007 |  |  | 58,331 |
Total receivables |  | 201,023 |  |  | 199,063 |
Less: allowance for credit losses |  | 2,774 |  |  | 1,796 |
Receivables, net |  | $ | 198,249 |  |  | $ | 197,267 |

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The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for credit losses for the nine-month period ended:

(In thousands) |  | November 25, 2023 |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | 1,796 |  |  |
Additions charged to costs and expenses |  | 1,256 |  |  |
Deductions from allowance, net of recoveries |  | (281) |  |  |
Foreign currency effects |  | 3 |  |  |
Ending balance |  | $ | 2,774 |  |  |

Contract assets and liabilities
Contract assets consist of retainage, costs and earnings in excess of billings and other unbilled amounts typically generated when revenue recognized exceeds the amount billed to the customer. Retainage on construction contracts represents amounts withheld by our customers on long-term projects until the project reaches a level of completion where amounts are released to us from the customer. Contract liabilities consist of billings in excess of costs and earnings and other deferred revenue on contracts.
The time period between when performance obligations are complete and payment is due is not significant. In certain parts of our business that recognize revenue over time, progress billings follow an agreed-upon schedule of values.
The changes in contract assets and contract liabilities were mainly due to timing of project activity within our businesses that operate under long-term contracts.

Other contract-related disclosures |  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
(In thousands) |  | November 25, 2023 |  | November 26, 2022 |  | November 25, 2023 |  | November 26, 2022
Revenue recognized related to contract liabilities from prior year-end |  | $ | 191 |  |  | $ | 3,473 |  |  | $ | 25,147 |  |  | $ | 36,630 |
Revenue recognized related to prior satisfaction of performance obligations |  | 730 |  |  | 4,640 |  |  | 5,634 |  |  | 9,586 |

Some of our contracts have an expected duration of longer than a year, with performance obligations extending over that time frame. Generally, these contracts are found in our businesses that typically operate with long-term contracts, which recognize revenue over time. The transaction prices associated with unsatisfied performance obligations at November 25, 2023 are expected to be satisfied, and the corresponding revenue to be recognized, over the following estimated time periods:

(In thousands) |  | November 25, 2023
Within one year |  | $ | 456,880 |
Between one and two years |  | 315,667 |
Beyond two years |  | 75,170 |
Total |  | $ | 847,717 |

3.Inventories
Inventories

(In thousands) |  | November 25, 2023 |  | February 25, 2023
Raw materials |  | $ | 34,535 |  |  | $ | 36,869 |
Work-in-process |  | 17,256 |  |  | 18,024 |
Finished goods |  | 18,476 |  |  | 23,548 |
Total inventories |  | $ | 70,267 |  |  | $ | 78,441 |

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4.Financial Instruments
Marketable securities
Through our wholly-owned insurance subsidiary, Prism Assurance, Ltd. (Prism), we hold the following available-for-sale marketable securities, made up of fixed-maturity investments:

(In thousands) |  | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized Losses |  | Estimated Fair Value
November 25, 2023 |  | $ | 10,168 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 597 |  |  | $ | 9,574 |
February 25, 2023 |  | 10,647 |  |  | — |  |  | 702 |  |  | 9,945 |

Prism insures a portion of our general liability, workers’ compensation and automobile liability risks using reinsurance agreements to meet statutory requirements. The reinsurance carrier requires Prism to maintain fixed-maturity investments for the purpose of providing collateral for Prism’s obligations under the reinsurance agreements.
The amortized cost and estimated fair values of these investments at November 25, 2023, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities, as borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without penalty.

(In thousands) |  | Amortized Cost |  | Estimated Fair Value
Due within one year |  | $ | 2,439 |  |  | $ | 2,406 |
Due after one year through five years |  | 7,729 |  |  | 7,168 |
Total |  | $ | 10,168 |  |  | $ | 9,574 |

Derivative instruments
We use interest rate swaps, foreign exchange contracts, commodity swaps and forward purchase contracts to manage risks generally associated with foreign exchange rate, interest rate and commodity price fluctuations. The information that follows explains the various types of derivatives and financial instruments we use, how such instruments are accounted for, and how such instruments impact our financial position and performance.
In fiscal 2020, we entered into an interest rate swap to hedge exposure to variability in cash flows from interest payments on our floating-rate revolving credit facility. As of November 25, 2023, the interest rate swap contract had a notional value of $30.0 million and has a maturity date of February 5, 2026.
We periodically enter into forward purchase contracts and/or fixed/floating swaps to manage the risk associated with fluctuations in aluminum prices and fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. These contracts generally have an original maturity date of less than one year. As of November 25, 2023, we held aluminum fixed/floating swaps and foreign exchange contracts with U.S. dollar notional values of $14.9 million and $0.8 million, respectively.
These derivative instruments are recorded within our consolidated balance sheets within other current assets and liabilities. Gains or losses associated with these instruments are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income.
Fair value measurements
Financial assets and liabilities are classified in the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement: Level 1 (unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities); Level 2 (observable market inputs, other than quoted prices included in Level 1); and Level 3 (unobservable inputs that cannot be corroborated by observable market data). We do not have any Level 3 financial assets or liabilities.
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(In thousands) |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets (Level 1) |  | Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Total Fair Value
November 25, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds |  | $ | 13,262 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13,262 |
Municipal and corporate bonds |  | — |  |  | 9,574 |  |  | 9,574 |
Foreign currency option contract |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |
Interest rate swap contract |  | — |  |  | 1,550 |  |  | 1,550 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Aluminum hedging contract |  | — |  |  | 724 |  |  | 724 |
February 25, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Money market funds |  | $ | 8,062 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,062 |
Municipal and corporate bonds |  | — |  |  | 9,945 |  |  | 9,945 |
Interest rate swap contract |  | — |  |  | 1,817 |  |  | 1,817 |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency option contract |  | — |  |  | 206 |  |  | 206 |
Aluminum hedging contract |  | — |  |  | 1,075 |  |  | 1,075 |

5.Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the cost over the value of net tangible and identified intangible assets of acquired businesses. We evaluate goodwill for impairment annually as of the first day of our fiscal fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable.
At the beginning of the first quarter of fiscal 2023, we began management of the Sotawall and Harmon businesses under the Architectural Services segment in order to create a single, unified offering for larger custom curtainwall projects, which resulted in the combination of the Sotawall and Harmon reporting units into a single reporting unit. We evaluated goodwill on a qualitative basis prior to and subsequent to this change for these reporting units and concluded that no adjustment to the carrying value of goodwill was necessary. Concurrent with the move of Sotawall from the Architectural Framing Systems segment to the Architectural Services segment effective at the start of our first quarter of fiscal 2023, goodwill was reallocated to the affected reporting units within each segment, using a relative fair value approach as outlined in ASC 350, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other.
During the third quarter of fiscal 2024, we did not identify any qualitative indicators of impairment at any of our reporting units, and therefore, no interim quantitative goodwill impairment evaluation was performed.
The following table presents the carrying amount of goodwill attributable to each reporting segment including the amount of goodwill that was reallocated from the Architectural Framing Systems segment to the Architectural Services segment using the relative fair value approach during the first quarter of fiscal 2023:

(In thousands) |  | Architectural Framing Systems |  | Architectural Glass |  | Architectural Services |  | Large-Scale Optical |  | Total
Balance at February 26, 2022 |  | $ | 93,181 |  |  | $ | 25,244 |  |  | $ | 1,120 |  |  | $ | 10,557 |  |  | $ | 130,102 |
Reallocation among reporting units (1) |  | (2,048) |  |  | — |  |  | 2,048 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Foreign currency translation |  | (996) |  |  | 57 |  |  | (137) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,076) |
Balance at February 25, 2023 |  | 90,137 |  |  | 25,301 |  |  | 3,031 |  |  | 10,557 |  |  | 129,026 |
Foreign currency translation |  | (28) |  |  | 59 |  |  | (4) |  |  | — |  |  | 27 |
Balance at November 25, 2023 |  | $ | 90,109 |  |  | $ | 25,360 |  |  | $ | 3,027 |  |  | $ | 10,557 |  |  | $ | 129,053 |
(1) Represents the reallocation of goodwill as a result of transitioning Sotawall from the Architectural Framing Systems segment to the Architectural Services segment as of the start of the first quarter of fiscal 2023.

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Other intangible assets
Indefinite-lived intangible assets
We have intangible assets for certain acquired trade names and trademarks which are determined to have indefinite useful lives. We test indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually at the same measurement date as goodwill, the first day of our fiscal fourth quarter, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that it is more likely than not that the asset is impaired. During the third quarter of fiscal 2024, we did not identify any qualitative indicators of impairment at any of our reporting units, and therefore, no interim quantitative intangible impairment evaluation was performed.
Definite-lived intangible assets
Long-lived assets or asset groups, including intangible assets subject to amortization and property and equipment, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of those assets may not be recoverable. We use undiscounted cash flows to determine whether impairment exists and measure any impairment loss using discounted cash flows to determine the fair value of long-lived assets.
The gross carrying amount of other intangible assets and related accumulated amortization was:

(In thousands) |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  |  |  | Foreign Currency Translation |  | Net
November 25, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Definite-lived intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer relationships |  | $ | 86,798 |  |  | $ | (52,130) |  |  |  |  | $ | (15) |  |  | $ | 34,653 |
Other intangibles |  | 38,360 |  |  | (35,706) |  |  |  |  | 25 |  |  | 2,679 |
Total |  | 125,158 |  |  | (87,836) |  |  |  |  | 10 |  |  | 37,332 |
Indefinite-lived intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trademarks |  | 26,851 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (9) |  |  | 26,842 |
Total intangible assets |  | $ | 152,009 |  |  | $ | (87,836) |  |  |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 64,174 |
February 25, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Definite-lived intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Customer relationships |  | $ | 89,495 |  |  | $ | (49,404) |  |  |  |  | $ | (2,697) |  |  | $ | 37,394 |
Other intangibles |  | 39,404 |  |  | (35,229) |  |  |  |  | (1,045) |  |  | 3,130 |
Total |  | 128,899 |  |  | (84,633) |  |  |  |  | (3,742) |  |  | 40,524 |
Indefinite-lived intangible assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trademarks |  | 27,129 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (278) |  |  | 26,851 |
Total intangible assets |  | $ | 156,028 |  |  | $ | (84,633) |  |  |  |  | $ | (4,020) |  |  | $ | 67,375 |

Amortization expense on definite-lived intangible assets was $3.0 million and $3.1 million for the nine-month periods ended November 25, 2023 and November 26, 2022, respectively. Amortization expense of other identifiable intangible assets is included in selling, general and administrative expenses. At November 25, 2023, the estimated future amortization expense for definite-lived intangible assets was:

(In thousands) |  | Remainder of 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2026 |  | 2027 |  | 2028
Estimated amortization expense |  | $ | 1,058 |  |  | $ | 4,240 |  |  | $ | 4,223 |  |  | $ | 4,391 |  |  | $ | 3,936 |

6.Debt
As of November 25, 2023, we had a committed revolving credit facility with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. as administrative agent, and other lenders (U.S. credit facility) with maximum borrowings of up to $385 million and a maturity date of August 5, 2027. Outstanding borrowings under the revolving credit facility were $85.0 million and $156.0 million as of November 25, 2023 and February 25, 2023, respectively.
We also maintain two Canadian committed, revolving credit facilities with the Bank of Montreal totaling $25.0 million USD (Canadian facilities). The Canadian facilities expire annually in February, but can be renewed each year solely at our discretion until August 2027. Therefore, we have classified all outstanding amounts under these facilities as long-term debt within our consolidated balance sheets. At November 25, 2023 and February 25, 2023, outstanding borrowings under these Canadian facilities were $3.7 million and $1.8 million, respectively.
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Our revolving credit facilities contain two maintenance financial covenants that require us to stay below a maximum debt-to-EBITDA ratio of 3.25 and maintain a minimum ratio of EBITDA-to-interest expense of 3.00. Both ratios are computed quarterly, with EBITDA calculated on a rolling four-quarter basis. At November 25, 2023, we were in compliance with both financial covenants.
The revolving credit facilities also contain an acquisition holiday. In the event we make an acquisition for which the purchase price is greater than $75 million, we can elect to increase the maximum debt-to-EBITDA ratio to 3.75 for a period of four consecutive fiscal quarters, commencing with the fiscal quarter in which a qualifying acquisition occurs. No more than two acquisition "holidays" can occur during the term of the facility, and at least two fiscal quarters must separate qualifying acquisitions.
Borrowings under the credit facilities bear floating interest at either the Base Rate or Term SOFR, plus a margin based on the Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreements). For Base Rate borrowings, the margin ranges from 0.125% to 0.75%. For Term SOFR borrowings, the margin ranges from 1.125% to 1.75% and an incremental Term SOFR adjustment of 0.10%.
The U.S. credit facility also contains an "accordion" provision. Under this provision, we can request that the facility be increased by as much as $200.0 million. Any Lender may elect or decline to participate in the requested increase at the Lender’s sole discretion.
At November 25, 2023, we had a total of $15.0 million of ongoing letters of credit related to industrial revenue bonds, construction contracts and insurance collateral that expire in fiscal year 2025 and reduce borrowing capacity under the revolving credit facility. As of November 25, 2023, the amount available for revolving borrowings was $285.0 million and $21.3 million under the U.S. credit facility and Canadian facilities, respectively.
At November 25, 2023, debt included $12.0 million of industrial revenue bonds that mature in fiscal years 2036 through 2043.
The fair value of our U.S. credit facility, Canadian credit facilities and industrial revenue bonds approximated carrying value at November 25, 2023, and would be classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy described in Note 4, due to the variable interest rates on these instruments..
Interest payments under the U.S. and Canadian credit facilities were $7.5 million and $5.3 million for the nine months ended November 25, 2023 and November 26, 2022, respectively.
7.Commitments and Contingent Liabilities
Bond commitments
In the ordinary course of business, predominantly in our Architectural Services and Architectural Framing Systems segments, we are required to provide surety or performance bonds that commit payments to our customers for any non-performance. At November 25, 2023, $1.3 billion of these types of bonds were outstanding, of which $398.4 million is in our backlog. These bonds do not have stated expiration dates. We have never been required to make payments under surety or performance bonds with respect to our existing businesses.
Warranty and project-related contingencies
We reserve estimated exposures on known claims, as well as on a portion of anticipated claims, for product warranty and rework cost, based on historical product liability claims as a ratio of sales. Claim costs are deducted from the accrual when paid. Factors that could have an impact on these accruals in any given period include the following: changes in manufacturing quality, changes in product mix, and any significant changes in sales volume.

|  | Nine Months Ended
(In thousands) |  | November 25, 2023 |  | November 26, 2022
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 17,893 |  |  | $ | 13,923 |
Additional accruals |  | 12,743 |  |  | 11,201 |
Claims paid |  | (7,644) |  |  | (7,755) |
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 22,992 |  |  | $ | 17,369 |

Additionally, we are subject to project management and installation-related contingencies as a result of our fixed-price material supply and installation service contracts, primarily in our Architectural Services segment and in certain parts of our Architectural Framing Systems businesses. We manage the risk of these exposures through contract negotiations, proactive project management and insurance coverages.
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Letters of credit
At November 25, 2023, we had $15.0 million of ongoing letters of credit, all of which have been issued under our committed revolving credit facility, as discussed in Note 6.
Purchase obligations
Purchase obligations for raw material commitments and capital expenditures totaled $45.0 million as of November 25, 2023.
New Markets Tax Credit (NMTC) transactions
We have two outstanding NMTC arrangements which help to support operational expansion. Proceeds received from investors on these transactions are included within other non-current liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. The NMTC arrangements are subject to 100 percent tax credit recapture for a period of seven years from the date of each respective transaction. Upon the termination of each arrangement, these proceeds will be recognized in earnings in exchange for the transfer of tax credits. The direct and incremental costs incurred in structuring these arrangements have been deferred and are included in other non-current assets in our consolidated balance sheets. These costs will be recognized in conjunction with the recognition of the related proceeds on each arrangement. During the construction phase or for working capital purposes for each project, we are required to hold cash dedicated to fund each project which is classified as restricted cash in our consolidated balance sheets. Variable-interest entities, which have been included within our consolidated financial statements, have been created as a result of the structure of these transactions, as investors in the programs do not have a material interest in their underlying economics.
During the second quarter of fiscal 2024, one NMTC transaction was settled as expected and as a result, a $4.7 million benefit was recorded in other (income) expense, net.
The table below provides a summary of estimated benefits related to our outstanding NMTC transactions (in thousands):

Inception date |  | Termination date |  | Deferred Benefit |  | Deferred costs |  | Net benefit
May 2022(1) |  | August 2025 |  | $ | 6,052 |  |  | $ | 1,604 |  |  | $ | 4,448 |
September 2018 |  | September 2025 |  | $ | 3,198 |  |  | $ | 1,031 |  |  | $ | 2,167 |
Total |  |  |  | $ | 9,250 |  |  | $ | 2,635 |  |  | $ | 6,615 |

(1) Continuation of the August 2018 NMTC financing transaction
Litigation
The Company is a party to various legal proceedings incidental to its normal operating activities. In particular, like others in the construction supply and services industry, the Company is routinely involved in various disputes and claims arising out of construction projects, sometimes involving significant monetary damages or product replacement. We have in the past and are currently subject to product liability and warranty claims, including certain legal claims related to a commercial sealant product formerly incorporated into our products. In December 2022, the claimant in an arbitration of one such claim was awarded $20 million. The Company has appealed the award and believes, after taking into account all currently available information, including the advice of counsel and the likelihood of available insurance coverage, that this award will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. The Company is also subject to litigation arising out of areas such as employment practices, workers compensation and general liability matters. Although it is very difficult to accurately predict the outcome of any such proceedings, facts currently available indicate that no matters will result in losses that would have a material adverse effect on the results of operations, cash flows or financial condition of the Company.
8.Share-Based Compensation
As part of our compensation structure, we grant stock-based compensation awards to certain employees and non-employee directors during the fiscal year. These awards may be in the form of incentive stock options (to employees only), nonstatutory options, or nonvested share awards and units, all of which are granted at a price or with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of the Company’s stock at the date of award unless the date of the award is on a day the Nasdaq Global Select market is not open for trading, then the exercise price shall equal the fair market value on the most recent preceding date when such market is open. Refer to our Form 10-K for further information on our share-based compensation plans.
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The table below sets forth the number of stock-based compensation awards granted during the nine-months ended November 25, 2023, along with the weighted average grant date fair value:

Awards |  | Number of Awards |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price
Restricted stock awards and restricted stock units(1) |  | 195,013 |  |  | $ | 43.16 |
Performance share units ("PSUs")(2) |  | 48,483 |  |  | $ | 43.59 |
(1) Represent service condition awards which generally vest over a two- or three-year period.
(2) Represent performance condition awards with the grant equal to the target number of performance shares based on the share price at grant date. These grants allow for the right to receive a variable number of shares, between 0% and 200% of target, dependent on achieving a defined performance goal of return on invested capital and being employed at the end of the performance period.

Total share-based compensation expense included in the results of operations was $6.6 million for the nine-month period ended November 25, 2023, and $6.0 million for the nine-month period ended November 26, 2022.
At November 25, 2023, there was $11.6 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested share and nonvested share unit awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 21 months. The total fair value of shares vested during the nine months ended November 25, 2023 was $5.8 million.
9.Income Taxes
We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction, various U.S. state and local jurisdictions, Canada, Brazil and other international jurisdictions. We are no longer subject to U.S. federal tax examinations for years prior to fiscal 2020, or state and local income tax examinations for years prior to fiscal 2015. We are not currently under U.S. federal examination for years subsequent to fiscal year 2019, and there is very limited examination activity of our income tax returns in U.S. state jurisdictions or international jurisdictions.
The total liability for unrecognized tax benefits was $5.3 million at November 25, 2023 and February 25, 2023, respectively. Penalties and interest related to unrecognized tax benefits are recorded in income tax expense.
10.Earnings per Share
The following table presents a reconciliation of the share amounts used in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (diluted EPS):

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
(In thousands) |  | November 25, 2023 |  | November 26, 2022 |  | November 25, 2023 |  | November 26, 2022
Basic earnings per share – weighted average common shares outstanding |  | 21,819 |  |  | 21,870 |  |  | 21,889 |  |  | 22,043 |
Weighted average effect of nonvested share grants and assumed exercise of stock options |  | 194 |  |  | 408 |  |  | 204 |  |  | 413 |
Diluted earnings per share – weighted average common shares and potential common shares outstanding |  | 22,013 |  |  | 22,278 |  |  | 22,093 |  |  | 22,456 |
Stock awards excluded from the calculation of earnings per share because the effect was anti-dilutive (award price greater than average market price of the shares) |  | 37 |  |  | 109 |  |  | 56 |  |  | 109 |

11.Business Segment Data
We have four reporting segments:
•The Architectural Framing Systems segment designs, engineers, fabricates and finishes aluminum window, curtainwall, storefront and entrance systems for the exterior of buildings.
•The Architectural Glass segment coats and fabricates, high-performance glass used in custom window and wall systems on commercial buildings.
•The Architectural Services segment integrates technical services, project management, and field installation services to design, engineer, fabricate, and install building glass and curtainwall systems.
•The Large-Scale Optical (LSO) segment manufactures high-performance glass and acrylic products for custom framing, museum, and technical glass markets.
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|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
(In thousands) |  | November 25, 2023 |  | November 26, 2022 |  | November 25, 2023 |  | November 26, 2022
Segment net sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Architectural Framing Systems |  | $ | 139,585 |  |  | $ | 165,013 |  |  | $ | 462,548 |  |  | $ | 501,172 |
Architectural Glass |  | 90,964 |  |  | 81,541 |  |  | 282,262 |  |  | 235,158 |
Architectural Services |  | 94,662 |  |  | 102,031 |  |  | 272,144 |  |  | 312,151 |
Large-Scale Optical |  | 26,009 |  |  | 26,660 |  |  | 72,110 |  |  | 76,988 |
Intersegment eliminations |  | (11,506) |  |  | (7,398) |  |  | (33,962) |  |  | (28,878) |
Net sales |  | $ | 339,714 |  |  | $ | 367,847 |  |  | $ | 1,055,102 |  |  | $ | 1,096,591 |
Segment operating income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Architectural Framing Systems |  | $ | 16,981 |  |  | $ | 22,089 |  |  | $ | 57,986 |  |  | $ | 66,266 |
Architectural Glass |  | 15,164 |  |  | 7,461 |  |  | 49,119 |  |  | 19,087 |
Architectural Services |  | 5,288 |  |  | 6,032 |  |  | 8,211 |  |  | 14,449 |
Large-Scale Optical |  | 7,100 |  |  | 7,109 |  |  | 17,288 |  |  | 19,598 |
Corporate and other* |  | (6,886) |  |  | (7,930) |  |  | (20,637) |  |  | (19,351) |
Operating income |  | $ | 37,647 |  |  | $ | 34,761 |  |  | $ | 111,967 |  |  | $ | 100,049 |

*Corporate and other includes certain corporate expenses that are not allocated at a segment level.
Due to the varying combinations and integration of individual window, storefront and curtainwall systems, it is impractical to report product revenues generated by class of product, beyond the segment revenues currently reported.
Item 2.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Forward-looking statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including the section, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements reflect our current views with respect to future events and financial performance. The words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “forecast,” “project,” “should,” "will," "continue" and similar expressions are intended to identify “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All forecasts and projections in this document are “forward-looking statements,” and are based on management’s current expectations or beliefs. From time to time, we may also provide oral and written forward-looking statements in other materials we release to the public, such as press releases, presentations to securities analysts or investors, or other communications by the Company. Any or all of our forward-looking statements in this report and in any public statements we make could be materially different from actual results.
Accordingly, we wish to caution investors that any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of the Company are subject to uncertainties and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from such statements. Information about factors that could materially affect our results can be found in the “Risk Factors” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended February 25, 2023 and in subsequent filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, including this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
We also wish to caution investors that other factors might in the future prove to be important in affecting the Company’s results of operations. New factors emerge from time to time; it is not possible for management to predict all such factors, nor can it assess the impact of each such factor on the business or the extent to which any factor, or a combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
Non-GAAP Measures
We have included in this report measures of financial performance that are not defined by GAAP. We believe that these measures provide useful information to investors, and include these measures in other communications to investors. For each of these non-GAAP financial measures, we are providing a reconciliation of the differences between the non-GAAP measure and the most directly comparable GAAP measure, an explanation of why we believe the non-GAAP measure provides useful information to investors, and any additional material purposes for which our management or Board of Directors uses the non-GAAP measure. These non-GAAP measures should be viewed in addition to, and not in lieu of, the comparable GAAP measure. Adjusted net earnings and adjusted earnings per diluted share (adjusted diluted EPS) are supplemental non-GAAP financial measures provided by the Company to assess performance on a more comparable basis from period-to-period by excluding amounts that management does not consider part of core operating results. Management uses these non-GAAP
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measures to evaluate the Company’s historical and prospective financial performance, measure operational profitability on a consistent basis, as a factor in determining executive compensation, and to provide enhanced transparency to the investment community.
Overview
We are a leader in the design and development of value-added glass and metal products and services. Our four reporting segments are: Architectural Framing Systems, Architectural Glass, Architectural Services and Large-Scale Optical (LSO).
The three key elements of our enterprise strategy are discussed below:
1.Become the economic leader in our target markets. We will attempt to achieve this by developing a deep understanding of our target markets and aligning our businesses with clear go-to-market strategies to drive value for our customers through differentiated product and service offerings. We will also strive to build a relentless focus on operational execution, driving productivity improvements, and maintaining a competitive cost structure, so that we may bring more value to our customers and improve our own profitability.
2.Actively manage our portfolio to drive higher margins and returns. We intend to shift our business mix toward higher operating margin offerings and improve our return on invested capital performance. We plan to accomplish this by allocating resources to grow our top performing businesses, actively addressing underperforming businesses, and investing to add new differentiated product and service offerings to accelerate our growth.
3.Strengthen our core capabilities. We are working to shift from our historical, decentralized operating model, to one with center-led functional expertise that enables us to leverage the scale of the enterprise to better support the needs of the business. We are establishing a Company-wide operating system with common tools and processes that are based on the foundation of Lean and Continuous Improvement, which we are calling "Apogee Management System" or "AMS". We plan to support this through a robust talent management program and a commitment to strong governance to ensure compliance and drive sustainable performance.
We have made significant progress toward executing our enterprise strategy and underlying financial targets. We advanced our AMS initiatives, which have resulted in meaningful productivity improvements, particularly in Architectural Glass. We increased our focus on differentiated products and services, and effectively managed pricing to share in the value we delivered for our customers. We have focused on sustainable cost improvements and improvements to quality, service and delivery, while shifting mix toward more differentiated offerings. We integrated the Sotawall business into the Architectural Services segment, in order to create a single, unified offering for larger custom curtainwall projects. We advanced several initiatives to strengthen our core capabilities, driving the standardization of key business processes and systems. We also relaunched our talent development and leadership training programs and added key talent across the organization.
The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended February 25, 2023 and the consolidated financial statements, including the notes to consolidated financial statements, included therein.
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Results of Operations
The following tables provide various components of operations as year over year U.S. dollar and percentage change, as well as a percentage of net sales.

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  | % of Net Sales
(in thousands, except percentages) |  | November 25, 2023 |  | November 26, 2022 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  | November 25, 2023 |  | November 26, 2022
Net sales |  | $ | 339,714 |  |  | $ | 367,847 |  |  | $ | (28,133) |  |  | (7.6) | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %
Cost of sales |  | 249,409 |  |  | 281,239 |  |  | (31,830) |  |  | (11.3) |  |  | 73.4 |  |  | 76.5 |
Gross profit |  | 90,305 |  |  | 86,608 |  |  | 3,697 |  |  | 4.3 |  |  | 26.6 |  |  | 23.5 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | 52,658 |  |  | 51,847 |  |  | 811 |  |  | 1.6 |  |  | 15.5 |  |  | 14.1 |
Operating income |  | 37,647 |  |  | 34,761 |  |  | 2,886 |  |  | 8.3 |  |  | 11.1 |  |  | 9.4 |
Interest expense, net |  | 1,454 |  |  | 2,590 |  |  | (1,136) |  |  | (43.9) |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 0.7 |
Other expense, net |  | 890 |  |  | 552 |  |  | 338 |  |  | 61.2 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 0.2 |
Earnings before income taxes |  | 35,303 |  |  | 31,619 |  |  | 3,684 |  |  | 11.7 |  |  | 10.4 |  |  | 8.6 |
Income tax expense |  | 8,329 |  |  | 7,854 |  |  | 475 |  |  | 6.0 |  |  | 2.5 |  |  | 2.1 |
Net earnings |  | $ | 26,974 |  |  | $ | 23,765 |  |  | $ | 3,209 |  |  | 13.5 | % |  | 7.9 | % |  | 6.5 | %
Effective tax rate |  | 23.6 | % |  | 24.8 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

|  | Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  | % of Net Sales
(in thousands, except percentages) |  | November 25, 2023 |  | November 26, 2022 |  | $ Change |  | % Change |  | November 25, 2023 |  | November 26, 2022
Net sales |  | $ | 1,055,102 |  |  | $ | 1,096,591 |  |  | $ | (41,489) |  |  | (3.8) | % |  | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %
Cost of sales |  | 776,440 |  |  | 839,430 |  |  | (62,990) |  |  | (7.5) |  |  | 73.6 |  |  | 76.5 |
Gross profit |  | 278,662 |  |  | 257,161 |  |  | 21,501 |  |  | 8.4 |  |  | 26.4 |  |  | 23.5 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | 166,695 |  |  | 157,112 |  |  | 9,583 |  |  | 6.1 |  |  | 15.8 |  |  | 14.3 |
Operating income |  | 111,967 |  |  | 100,049 |  |  | 11,918 |  |  | 11.9 |  |  | 10.6 |  |  | 9.1 |
Interest expense, net |  | 5,720 |  |  | 5,494 |  |  | 226 |  |  | 4.1 |  |  | 0.5 |  |  | 0.5 |
Other (income) expense, net |  | (3,722) |  |  | 2,035 |  |  | (5,757) |  |  | N/M |  | (0.4) |  |  | 0.2 |
Earnings before income taxes |  | 109,969 |  |  | 92,520 |  |  | 17,449 |  |  | 18.9 |  |  | 10.4 |  |  | 8.4 |
Income tax expense |  | 26,092 |  |  | 8,635 |  |  | 17,457 |  |  | 202.2 |  |  | 2.5 |  |  | 0.8 |
Net earnings |  | $ | 83,877 |  |  | $ | 83,885 |  |  | $ | (8) |  |  | — | % |  | 7.9 | % |  | 7.6 | %
Effective tax rate |  | 23.7 | % |  | 9.3 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Comparison of Third Quarter Fiscal 2024 to Third Quarter Fiscal 2023
•Consolidated net sales decreased 7.6%, or $28.1 million, to $339.7 million, primarily reflecting lower volumes, partially offset by improved mix and pricing.
•Gross profit increased 4.3%, or $3.7 million, and gross margin increased to 26.6%, compared to 23.5%. The improvement in gross margin was primarily driven by higher pricing, improved product mix, lower short-term incentive compensation expense, and lower insurance-related expense, partially offset by the impact of lower volume and a less favorable mix of projects in Architectural Services.
•Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $0.8 million to 15.5% of net sales, compared to 14.1%, primarily due to higher salaries and benefits costs, partially offset by lower short-term incentive compensation expense.
•Operating income grew 8.3% to $37.6 million, and operating margin increased 170 basis points to 11.1%, primarily driven by improved segment operating margin in Architectural Glass as well as the Architectural Glass segment comprising a higher mix of the consolidated results, partially offset by lower segment operating margin in Architectural Framing Systems.
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•Interest expense, net was $1.5 million, compared to $2.6 million, reflecting a lower average debt level, partially offset by higher average interest rates.
•Income tax expense was $8.3 million, compared to $7.9 million.
Comparison of First Nine Months of Fiscal 2024 to First Nine Months of Fiscal 2023
•Consolidated net sales decreased 3.8%, or $41.5 million, to $1.1 billion, primarily reflecting lower volumes in Architectural Framing Systems, Architectural Services and Large-Scale Optical, partially offset by improved mix in the Architectural Glass and Architectural Framing Systems segments, as well as improved pricing in the Architectural Glass segment.
•Gross profit increased 8.4%, or $21.5 million, to 26.4% of net sales, compared to 23.5%. The gross margin improvement was primarily driven by higher margins in Architectural Glass, due to increased pricing and mix, as well as lower short-term incentive compensation expense, primarily in Architectural Framing and Architectural Services, and lower insurance-related expense. This was partially offset by the impact of lower volume and a less favorable mix of projects in Architectural Services.
•Selling, general and administrative expenses increased $9.6 million to 15.8% of net sales, compared to 14.3%. The increase in expenses was primarily due to increased salaries and benefits and consulting costs, partially offset by lower short-term incentive compensation expense.
•Operating income grew 11.9% to $112.0 million, and operating margin increased 150 basis points to 10.6%, primarily driven by improved operating margin in Architectural Glass as well as the Architectural Glass segment comprising a higher mix of the consolidated results.
•Interest expense, net was $5.7 million, compared to $5.5 million, reflecting a higher average interest rate, partially offset by a lower average debt level.
•Other (income) expense, net included a $4.7 million pre-tax gain related to finalization of a New Markets Tax Credit transaction realized during the second quarter of fiscal 2024.
•Income tax expense was $26.1 million, compared to $8.6 million. The prior year period included a $13.7 million tax deduction for a worthless stock loss and related discrete tax benefits.
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Segment Analysis
The following table presents net sales, operating income (loss) and operating margin by segment and consolidated total.

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
(In thousands, except percentages) |  | November 25, 2023 |  | November 26, 2022 |  | % Change |  | November 25, 2023 |  | November 26, 2022 |  | % Change
Segment net sales |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Architectural Framing Systems |  | $ | 139,585 |  |  | $ | 165,013 |  |  | (15.4) | % |  | $ | 462,548 |  |  | $ | 501,172 |  |  | (7.7) | %
Architectural Glass |  | 90,964 |  |  | 81,541 |  |  | 11.6 |  |  | 282,262 |  |  | 235,158 |  |  | 20.0 |
Architectural Services |  | 94,662 |  |  | 102,031 |  |  | (7.2) |  |  | 272,144 |  |  | 312,151 |  |  | (12.8) |
Large-Scale Optical |  | 26,009 |  |  | 26,660 |  |  | (2.4) |  |  | 72,110 |  |  | 76,988 |  |  | (6.3) |
Intersegment eliminations |  | (11,506) |  |  | (7,398) |  |  | 55.5 |  |  | (33,962) |  |  | (28,878) |  |  | 17.6 |
Net sales |  | $ | 339,714 |  |  | $ | 367,847 |  |  | (7.6) | % |  | $ | 1,055,102 |  |  | $ | 1,096,591 |  |  | (3.8) | %
Segment operating income (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Architectural Framing Systems |  | $ | 16,981 |  |  | $ | 22,089 |  |  | (23.1) | % |  | $ | 57,986 |  |  | $ | 66,266 |  |  | (12.5) | %
Architectural Glass |  | 15,164 |  |  | 7,461 |  |  | 103.2 |  |  | 49,119 |  |  | 19,087 |  |  | 157.3 |
Architectural Services |  | 5,288 |  |  | 6,032 |  |  | (12.3) |  |  | 8,211 |  |  | 14,449 |  |  | (43.2) |
Large-Scale Optical |  | 7,100 |  |  | 7,109 |  |  | (0.1) |  |  | 17,288 |  |  | 19,598 |  |  | (11.8) |
Corporate and other* |  | (6,886) |  |  | (7,930) |  |  | (13.2) |  |  | (20,637) |  |  | (19,351) |  |  | 6.6 |
Operating income |  | $ | 37,647 |  |  | $ | 34,761 |  |  | 8.3 | % |  | $ | 111,967 |  |  | $ | 100,049 |  |  | 11.9 | %
Segment operating margin |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Architectural Framing Systems |  | 12.2 | % |  | 13.4 | % |  |  |  | 12.5 | % |  | 13.2 | % |  |
Architectural Glass |  | 16.7 |  |  | 9.1 |  |  |  |  | 17.4 |  |  | 8.1 |  |  |
Architectural Services |  | 5.6 |  |  | 5.9 |  |  |  |  | 3.0 |  |  | 4.6 |  |  |
Large-Scale Optical |  | 27.3 |  |  | 26.7 |  |  |  |  | 24.0 |  |  | 25.5 |  |  |
Corporate and other |  | N/M |  | N/M |  |  |  | N/M |  | N/M |  |
Operating income |  | 11.1 | % |  | 9.4 | % |  |  |  | 10.6 | % |  | 9.1 | % |  |
N/M Indicates calculation not meaningful.

Architectural Framing Systems
Comparison of Third Quarter Fiscal 2024 to Third Quarter Fiscal 2023
•Net sales were $139.6 million, compared to $165.0 million, primarily reflecting lower volume due to slowing demand in our short-cycle business, partially offset by a more favorable sales mix.
•Operating income was $17.0 million, or 12.2% of net sales, compared to $22.1 million, or 13.4% of net sales, primarily reflecting the impact of lower volume. This result was partially offset by improved sales mix, improved productivity, and lower short-term incentive compensation-related expenses.
Comparison of First Nine Months of Fiscal 2024 to First Nine Months of Fiscal 2023
•Net sales were $462.5 million, compared to $501.2 million, primarily reflecting lower volume, partially offset by more favorable sales mix and improved pricing.
•Operating income was $58.0 million, or 12.5% of net sales, compared to $66.3 million, or 13.2% of net sales, primarily driven by the impact of lower volume. This result was partially offset by improved sales mix and lower short-term incentive compensation-related expenses.
Architectural Glass
Comparison of Third Quarter Fiscal 2024 to Third Quarter Fiscal 2023
•Net sales increased $9.4 million, or 11.6%, primarily driven by improved mix and pricing, reflecting the strategic shift to emphasize premium, high performance products, partially offset by lower volume.
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•Operating income increased to $15.2 million, or 16.7% of net sales, compared to $7.5 million, or 9.1% of net sales. The higher operating margin improvement was primarily driven by the impact of improved mix and pricing, partially offset by the impact of lower volume and cost inflation.
Comparison of First Nine Months of Fiscal 2024 to First Nine Months of Fiscal 2023
•Net sales increased $47.1 million, or 20.0%, driven by improved pricing, a more favorable sales mix, and higher volume, reflecting the segment's strategic shift to emphasize premium, high-performance products.
•Operating income increased to $49.1 million, or 17.4% of net sales, compared to $19.1 million, or 8.1% of net sales. The operating margin improvement was primarily driven by improved pricing and mix, partially offset by cost inflation.
Architectural Services
Comparison of Third Quarter Fiscal 2024 to Third Quarter Fiscal 2023
•Net sales were $94.7 million, compared to $102.0 million, primarily reflecting a less favorable mix of projects in the quarter.
•Operating income was $5.3 million, or 5.6% of net sales, compared to $6.0 million, or 5.9% of net sales. The change in operating margin was primarily driven by a less favorable mix of projects, partially offset by lower short-term incentive compensation expense.
Comparison of First Nine Months of Fiscal 2024 to First Nine Months of Fiscal 2023
•Net sales were $272.1 million, compared to $312.2 million, primarily reflecting lower project volume due to a higher mix of projects in earlier stages of completion and a less favorable mix of projects.
•Operating income was $8.2 million, or 3.0% of net sales, compared to $14.4 million, or 4.6% of net sales. The decline in operating margin was primarily driven by lower project volume due to a higher mix of projects in earlier stages of completion and a less favorable mix of project, partially offset by lower short-term incentive compensation expense .
Large-Scale Optical (LSO)
Comparison of Third Quarter Fiscal 2024 to Third Quarter Fiscal 2023
•LSO net sales were $26.0 million, compared to $26.7 million, primarily reflecting lower volume from slower retail demand, partially offset by a more favorable mix and pricing.
•Operating income was $7.1 million, with operating margin improving to 27.3% of net sales, compared to 26.7% due to favorable mix and pricing.
Comparison of First Nine Months of Fiscal 2024 to First Nine Months of Fiscal 2023
•LSO net sales were $72.1 million, compared to $77.0 million, primarily reflecting lower volume due to customer destocking and slower demand in the retail markets, partially offset by a more favorable mix and pricing.
•Operating income was $17.3 million, or 24.0% of net sales, compared to $19.6 million, or 25.5% of net sales, primarily driven by the impact of lower volume, partially offset by more favorable mix and pricing.
Corporate and other
Comparison of Third Quarter Fiscal 2024 to Third Quarter Fiscal 2023
•Corporate and other expense was $6.9 million, compared to $7.9 million, primarily reflecting lower insurance-related costs.
Comparison of First Nine Months of Fiscal 2024 to First Nine Months of Fiscal 2023
•Corporate and other expense was $20.6 million, compared to $19.4 million primarily due to an increase in compensation expense and higher consulting costs, partially offset by lower insurance-related costs.
Backlog
Backlog represents the dollar amount of signed contracts or firm orders, generally as a result of a competitive bidding process, which may be expected to be recognized as revenue in the future. Backlog is not a term defined under U.S. GAAP and is not a measure of contract profitability. We view backlog as one indicator of future revenues, particularly in our longer-lead time
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businesses. In addition to backlog, we have a substantial amount of projects with short lead times that book-and-bill within the same reporting period and are not included in backlog.
Architectural Framing Systems
As of November 25, 2023, segment backlog was approximately $183.9 million, compared to approximately $197.5 million at the end of the prior quarter, and to approximately $246.2 million at the end of the third quarter of fiscal 2023. The reduction in backlog compared to both periods was primarily driven by a decline in our longer-cycle business, reflecting delays in award activity, and a continued strategic shift in this business toward projects that allow for more attractive margins.
Architectural Services
As of November 25, 2023, segment backlog was approximately $776.5 million, compared to approximately $674.4 million at the end of the prior quarter, and to approximately $740.9 million at the end of the third quarter of fiscal 2023. The increase in backlog compared to the prior quarter was primarily driven by several large project awards in the current quarter.
Net earnings, diluted EPS, adjusted net earnings (non-GAAP), and adjusted diluted EPS (non-GAAP)
In order to provide a better understanding of the impact of certain items on our net earnings and diluted EPS, the tables that follow report the comparative impact of certain items on net earnings and diluted EPS for the periods presented below. Adjusted net earnings and adjusted diluted EPS are considered non-GAAP financial measures as contemplated by SEC Regulation G. For additional information regarding management’s decision to present this non-GAAP financial information, see the introduction to this Item 2., “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  |  | Nine Months Ended |  |
(In thousands) |  | November 25, 2023 |  | November 26, 2022 |  | % change |  | November 25, 2023 |  | November 26, 2022 |  | % change
Net earnings |  | $ | 26,974 |  |  | $ | 23,765 |  |  | 13.5 | % |  | $ | 83,877 |  |  | $ | 83,885 |  |  | — | %
NMTC settlement gain(1) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (4,687) |  |  | — |  |  |
Worthless stock deduction and related discrete tax benefits(2) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (13,702) |  |  |
Income tax impact on above adjustments |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 1,148 |  |  | — |  |  |
Adjusted net earnings |  | $ | 26,974 |  |  | $ | 23,765 |  |  | 13.5 | % |  | $ | 80,338 |  |  | $ | 70,183 |  |  | 14.5 | %
|  | Three Months Ended |  |  |  | Nine Months Ended |  |
|  | November 25, 2023 |  | November 26, 2022 |  | % change |  | November 25, 2023 |  | November 26, 2022 |  | % change
Diluted EPS |  | $ | 1.23 |  |  | $ | 1.07 |  |  | 15.0 | % |  | $ | 3.80 |  |  | $ | 3.74 |  |  | 1.6 | %
NMTC settlement gain(1) |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | (0.21) |  |  | — |  |  |
Worthless stock deduction and related discrete tax benefits(2) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (0.61) |  |  |
Income tax impact on above adjustments |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 0.05 |  |  | — |  |  |
Adjusted diluted EPS |  | $ | 1.23 |  |  | $ | 1.07 |  |  | 15.0 | % |  | $ | 3.64 |  |  | $ | 3.13 |  |  | 16.3 | %
Weighted average diluted shares outstanding |  | 22,013 |  |  | 22,278 |  |  |  |  | 22,093 |  |  | 22,456 |  |  |

(1) | Realization of a New Market Tax Credit (NMTC) benefit during the second quarter of fiscal 2024, which was recorded in other (income) expense, net.
(2) | Worthless stock deduction and related discrete income tax benefits from the impairment of the Sotawall business in fiscal 2023, which were recorded in income tax expense (benefit).

Comparison of Third Quarter Fiscal 2024 to Third Quarter Fiscal 2023
•Net earnings were $27.0 million, compared to $23.8 million, driven by higher operating income, lower interest expense and a lower effective tax rate.
•Diluted EPS was $1.23, compared to $1.07, due to higher net earnings and lower weighted average diluted shares outstanding.
•Adjusted net earnings increased 13.5% to $27.0 million, compared to $23.8 million. Adjusted diluted EPS increased 15.0% to $1.23, compared to $1.07.
Comparison of First Nine Months of Fiscal 2024 to First Nine Months of Fiscal 2023
•Net earnings were essentially flat at $83.9 million for both periods driven by higher earnings before taxes, offset by a higher effective tax rate.
•Diluted EPS was $3.80, compared to $3.74, due to lower weighted average diluted shares outstanding.
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•Adjusted net earnings increased 14.5% to $80.3 million, compared to $70.2 million. Adjusted diluted EPS increased 16.3% to $3.64, compared to $3.13.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We rely on cash provided by operations for our material cash requirements, including working capital needs, capital expenditures, satisfaction of contractual commitments (including principal and interest payments on our outstanding indebtedness) and shareholder return through dividend payments and share repurchases.
Operating Activities. Net cash provided by operating activities was $129.3 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2024, compared to $51.1 million of net cash used by operating activities in the prior year period, primarily driven by favorable working capital changes compared to the prior year.
Investing Activities. Net cash used by investing activities was $26.3 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2024, compared to $12.0 million in the prior year, driven primarily by increased capital expenditures primarily to fund strategic investments.
Financing Activities. Net cash used by financing activities was $100.4 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2024, compared to net cash used by financing activities of $51.6 million in the prior year period. The increase in cash used for financing activities was primarily driven by higher net debt payments in the current year period.
We paid dividends totaling $15.7 million ($0.72 per share) in the first nine months of fiscal 2024, compared to $14.4 million ($0.66 per share) in the comparable prior year period. During the first nine months of fiscal 2024, we repurchased 279,916 shares under our authorized share repurchase program, for a total cost of $11.8 million. In the first nine months of fiscal 2023, we repurchased 1,571,139 shares under the share repurchase program, for a total cost of $74.3 million. The repurchase program does not have an expiration date. Since the inception of the share repurchase program in 2004, we have purchased a total of 11,276,517 shares, at a total cost of $393.5 million. As of November 25, 2023, we had remaining authority to repurchase 2,973,483 shares under this program. We may also elect to repurchase additional shares of common stock under our authorization, subject to limitations contained in our debt agreements and based upon our assessment of a number of factors, including share price, trading volume and general market conditions, working capital requirements, general business conditions, financial conditions, any applicable contractual limitations, and other factors, including alternative investment opportunities. We may finance share repurchases with available cash, additional debt or other sources of financing.
Additional Liquidity Considerations. We periodically evaluate our liquidity requirements, cash needs and availability of debt resources relative to acquisition plans, significant capital plans, and other working capital needs.
As of the end of the third quarter of fiscal 2024, we had a committed revolving credit facility in the U.S. with maximum borrowings of up to $385 million, with a maturity date of August 5, 2027, and two Canadian committed, revolving credit facilities totaling $25 million (USD). At November 25, 2023, we had outstanding borrowings under our committed, revolving credit facility of $85.0 million, and $3.7 million outstanding under the Canadian committed, revolving credit facilities. We are required to make periodic interest payments on our outstanding indebtedness, and future interest payments will be determined based on the amount of outstanding borrowings and prevailing interest rates during that time.
Our revolving credit facilities contain two maintenance financial covenants that require us to stay below a maximum debt-to-EBITDA ratio of 3.25 and maintain a minimum ratio of EBITDA-to-interest expense of 3.00. Both ratios are computed quarterly, with EBITDA calculated on a rolling four-quarter basis. At November 25, 2023, we were in compliance with both financial covenants (which are identical in all three of our revolving credit facilities).
The revolving credit facilities also contain an acquisition holiday. In the event we make an acquisition for which the purchase price is greater than $75 million, we can elect to increase the maximum debt-to-EBITDA ratio to 3.75 for a period of four consecutive fiscal quarters, commencing with the fiscal quarter in which a qualifying acquisition occurs. No more than two acquisition "holidays" can occur during the term of the facility, and at least two fiscal quarters must separate qualifying acquisitions.
Borrowings under the credit facilities bear floating interest at either the Base Rate or Term SOFR, plus a margin based on the Leverage Ratio (as defined in the Credit Agreements). For Base Rate borrowings, the margin ranges from 0.125% to 0.75%. For Term SOFR borrowings, the margin ranges from 1.125% to 1.75% and an incremental Term SOFR adjustment of 0.10%.
The U.S. facility also contains an "accordion" provision. Under this provision, we can request that the facility be increased by as much $200.0 million. Any Lender may elect or decline to participate in the requested increase at the Lender’s sole discretion.
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Additionally, at November 25, 2023, we had a total of $15.0 million of ongoing letters of credit related to industrial revenue bonds, construction contracts and insurance collateral that expire in fiscal year 2025 and reduce borrowing capacity under the U.S. revolving credit facility. As of November 25, 2023, the amount available for revolving borrowings under the U.S credit facility was $285.0 million.
We acquire the use of certain assets through operating leases, such as property, manufacturing equipment, vehicles and other equipment. Future payments for such leases, excluding leases with initial terms of one year or less, were $42.7 million at November 25, 2023, with $3.5 million payable during the remainder of fiscal 2024.
As of November 25, 2023, we had $45.0 million of open purchase obligations, of which payments totaling $12.2 million are expected to become due during the remainder of fiscal 2024. These purchase obligations primarily relate to raw material commitments and capital expenditures and are not expected to impact future liquidity, as amounts should be recovered through customer billings.
We expect to make contributions of $0.7 million to our defined-benefit pension plans in fiscal 2024, which will equal or exceed our minimum funding requirements.
As of November 25, 2023, we had reserves of $5.3 million for unrecognized tax benefits. We are unable to reasonably estimate in which future periods the remaining unrecognized tax benefits will ultimately be settled.
We are required, in the ordinary course of business, to provide surety or performance bonds that commit payments to our customers for any non-performance. At November 25, 2023, $1.3 billion of these types of bonds were outstanding, of which $398.4 million is in our backlog. These bonds do not have stated expiration dates. We have never been required to make payments under surety or performance bonds with respect to our existing businesses.
We continue to evaluate acquisition opportunities on a regular basis. We may finance acquisition activity with available cash, the issuance of shares of common stock, additional debt, or other sources of financing, depending upon the size and nature of any such transaction and the status of the capital markets at the time of such acquisition.
Due to our ability to generate strong cash from operations and our borrowing capability under our committed revolving credit facilities, we believe that our sources of liquidity will be adequate to meet our short-term and long-term liquidity and capital expenditure needs. In addition, we believe that we have the ability currently to obtain both short-term and long-term debt to meet our financing needs for the foreseeable future. We also believe that we will be able to operate our business so as to continue to be in compliance with our existing debt covenants over the next fiscal year.
Related Party Transactions
No material changes have occurred in the disclosure with respect to our related party transactions set forth in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 25, 2023.
Critical Accounting Policies
There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies from those disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 25, 2023.
Item 3.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Refer to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 25, 2023 for a discussion of the Company’s market risk. There have been no material changes in market risk since February 25, 2023.
Item 4.Controls and Procedures
a)Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures: As of the end of the period covered by this report (the Evaluation Date), we carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act)). Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in applicable rules and forms, and (ii) accumulated
and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
b)Changes in internal controls: There was no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended November 25, 2023, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.Legal Proceedings
The Company is a party to various legal proceedings incidental to its normal operating activities. In particular, like others in the construction supply and services industry, the Company is routinely involved in various disputes and claims arising out of construction projects, sometimes involving significant monetary damages or product replacement. We have in the past and are currently subject to product liability and warranty claims, including certain legal claims related to a commercial sealant product formerly incorporated into our products. In December 2022, the claimant in an arbitration of one such claim was awarded $20 million. The Company has appealed the award and believes, after taking into account all currently available information, including the advice of counsel and the likelihood of available insurance coverage, that this award will not have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. The Company is also subject to litigation arising out of areas such as employment practices, workers compensation and general liability matters. Although it is very difficult to accurately predict the outcome of any such proceedings, facts currently available indicate that no matters will result in losses that would have a material adverse effect on the results of operations, cash flows or financial condition of the Company.
Item 1A.Risk Factors
There have been no material changes or additions to our risk factors discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended February 25, 2023.
Item 2.Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
The following table provides information with respect to purchases made by the Company of its own stock during the third quarter of fiscal 2024:

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased (a) |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (b) |  | Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased under the Plans or Programs (b)
August 27, 2023 to September 23, 2023 |  | 122 |  |  | $ | 48.40 |  |  | — |  |  | 973,483 |
September 24, 2023 to October 21, 2023 |  | 1,500 |  |  | 47.08 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,973,483 |
October 22, 2023 to November 25, 2023 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,973,483 |
Total |  | 1,622 |  |  | $ | 47.74 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,973,483 |

(a)The shares in this column represent the total number of shares that were surrendered to us by plan participants to satisfy withholding tax obligations related to share-based compensation. We did not purchase any shares pursuant to our publicly announce repurchase program during the fiscal quarter.
(b)In fiscal 2004, announced on April 10, 2003, the Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of 1,500,000 shares of Company stock. The Board increased the authorization by 750,000 shares, announced on January 24, 2008; by 1,000,000 shares on each of the announcement dates of October 8, 2008, January 13, 2016, January 9, 2018, January 14, 2020, October 7, 2021, and June 22, 2022; and by 2,000,000 shares, on each of the announcement dates of October 3, 2018, January 14, 2022 and October 6, 2023. The repurchase program does not have an expiration date.
Item 5. Other Information
Insider Adoption or Termination of Trading Arrangements
During the three months ending November 25, 2023, none of our directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act) adopted or terminated any "Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement" or any "non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement", as each term is defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K.
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Item 6. Exhibits

3.1 | Restated Articles of Incorporation. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year-ended February 28, 2004.)
3.2 | Articles of Amendment to Restated Articles of Incorporation. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 16, 2020.)
3.3 | Amended and Restated Bylaws of Apogee Enterprises, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter-ended May 29, 2021).
31.1# | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
31.2# | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
32.1# | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2# | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101# | The following materials from Apogee Enterprises, Inc.’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended November 25, 2023, formatted in iXBRL (Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of November 25, 2023 and February 25, 2023, (ii) the Consolidated Results of Operations for the three- and nine-months ended November 25, 2023 and November 26, 2022, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Earnings for the three- and nine-months ended November 25, 2023 and November 26, 2022, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine-months ended November 25, 2023 and November 26, 2022, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the three- and nine-months ended November 25, 2023 and November 26, 2022, and (vi) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
104# | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as iXBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)
| Exhibits marked with a (#) sign are filed herewith.

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | APOGEE ENTERPRISES, INC.
Date: January 3, 2024 |  | By: /s/ Ty R. Silberhorn
|  |  | Ty R. Silberhorn President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)

Date: January 3, 2024 |  | By: /s/ Matthew J. Osberg
|  |  | Matthew J. Osberg Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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