RESTRUCTURING AND RELATED CHARGES

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2021

Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]

In April 2020, the Board approved a multi-phase restructuring plan related to our previously announced strategic shift and as part of the cost cutting measures implemented in response to the impact of COVID-19 on our business. We have incurred total pretax charges of $106.7 million since the inception of the restructuring plan. Our actions under the plan are substantially complete and we expect any future charges or credits will be from changes in estimates. Our restructuring plan included workforce reductions of approximately 1,600 positions globally, the exit or discontinuation of the use of certain leases and other assets, impairments of our right-of-use and other long-lived assets, and the exit of our operations in New Zealand and Japan. In the first quarter 2021, we substantially liquidated our subsidiary in Japan and reclassified $32.3 million of cumulative foreign currency translation gains into earnings, which is presented in Other income (expense), net on the consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2021. Costs incurred related to the restructuring plan are classified as Restructuring and related charges on the consolidated statements of operations.

The following tables summarize costs incurred by segment related to the restructuring plan for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):


	Year Ended December 31, 2021
	Employee Severance and Benefit Costs (Credits)		Legal and Advisory Costs		Property, Equipment and Software Impairments		Right-of-Use Asset Impairments and Lease-related Charges (Credits)		Total Restructuring Charges (Credits)
North America	$	458	$	1,696	$	602	$	7,278	$	10,034
International	28,345		681		268		2,567		31,861
Consolidated	$	28,803	$	2,377	$	870	$	9,845	$	41,895


	Year Ended December 31, 2020
	Employee Severance and Benefit Costs (Credits)		Legal and Advisory Costs		Property, Equipment and Software Impairments		Right-of-Use Asset Impairments and Lease-related Charges (Credits)		Total Restructuring Charges (Credits)
North America	$	17,322	$	1,308	$	5,322	$	13,775	$	37,727
International	20,679		829		291		5,310		27,109
Consolidated	$	38,001	$	2,137	$	5,613	$	19,085	$	64,836

As a part of our restructuring plan, we terminated or modified several of our leases. In other cases we vacated our leased facilities, and some of those facilities are being actively marketed for sublease or we are in negotiations with the landlord to potentially terminate or modify those leases. For the year ended December 31, 2021, we recognized $5.5 million and $2.2 million of long-lived asset impairment in our North America and International segments due to actions taken under our restructuring plan. For the year ended December 31, 2020, we recognized $18.1 million and $3.5 million of long-lived asset impairment in our North America and International segments due to actions taken under our restructuring plan. See Note 3, COVID-19 Pandemic, Note 4, Property, Equipment and Software, Net and Note 9, Leases for additional information. Rent expense, including amortization of the right-of-use asset and accretion of the operating lease liability, sublease income, termination and modification gains and losses, and other variable lease costs related to the leased facilities vacated as part of our restructuring plan are presented within Restructuring and related charges in the consolidated statements of operations. The current and non-current liabilities associated with these leases continue to be presented within Other current liabilities and Operating lease obligations in the consolidated balance sheets.

The following table summarizes restructuring liability activity for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):


	Employee Severance and Benefit Costs		Other Exit Costs		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2019 (1)	$	699	$	—	$	699
Charges payable in cash (2)	36,266		2,137		38,403
Cash payments	(25,328)		(1,289)		(26,617)
Foreign currency translation	1,660		(14)		1,646
Balance as of December 31, 2020	$	13,297	$	834	$	14,131
Charges payable in cash	28,803		2,376		31,179
Cash payments	(30,100)		(2,897)		(32,997)
Foreign currency translation	(962)		(2)		(964)
Balance as of December 31, 2021 (3)	$	11,038	$	311	$	11,349

(1)Amounts included in the year ended December 31, 2019 are related to prior restructuring plans and the liabilities under those plans have been substantially settled.

(2)Excludes stock-based compensation of $1.7 million related to accelerated vesting of stock-based compensation awards for certain employees terminated as a result of our restructuring activities.

(3)Includes employee severance and benefit costs related to the termination of employees. Substantially all of the remaining cash payments for those costs are expected to be disbursed through 2022.