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GOODWILL AND LONG-LIVED ASSETS
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
GOODWILL AND LONG-LIVED ASSETS GOODWILL AND LONG-LIVED ASSETS
We performed an assessment in the first quarter of 2023 and did not identify a triggering event that would have required us to test for impairment for the period. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we determined the impact to our business from the new variant of COVID-19 required us to evaluate our goodwill and long-lived assets for impairment. Our interim quantitative assessment for the first quarter of 2022 did not identify any goodwill or long-lived asset impairment.
In order to evaluate goodwill and long-lived assets for impairment, we compared the fair value of our two reporting units, North America and International, and our asset groups to their carrying values. In determining the fair values of our reporting units and asset groups, we used the discounted cash flow method under the income approach that uses Level 3 inputs.
Goodwill
As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the balance of our goodwill was $178.7 million. There was no goodwill activity during the first quarter 2023. All goodwill is within our North America segment and both North America and International segments had a negative carrying value as of March 31, 2023 and the International segment had a negative carrying value as of December 31, 2022.

Long-Lived Assets
The following table summarizes intangible assets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):
March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Gross Carrying ValueAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying ValueGross Carrying ValueAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying Value
Merchant relationships$18,305 $15,426 $2,879 $17,912 $14,327 $3,585 
Trade names9,390 8,484 906 9,340 8,382 958 
Patents13,304 6,737 6,567 13,341 6,701 6,640 
Other intangible assets17,528 11,643 5,885 17,517 11,059 6,458 
Total$58,527 $42,290 $16,237 $58,110 $40,469 $17,641 
Amortization of intangible assets is computed using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which range from 1 to 10 years. Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $2.1 million and $2.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. As of March 31, 2023, estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

Remaining amounts in 2023$5,587 
20244,226 
20252,733 
20261,867 
20271,191 
Thereafter633 
Total$16,237