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RESTRUCTURING AND RELATED CHARGES
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Restructuring and Related Activities [Abstract]  
RESTRUCTURING AND RELATED CHARGES RESTRUCTURING AND RELATED CHARGES
In August 2022 and April 2020, we initiated Board-approved restructuring plans. Costs incurred related to the restructuring plans are classified as Restructuring and related charges (credits) on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The restructuring activities are summarized by plan in the sections below.
2022 Restructuring Plan
In August 2022, we initiated the 2022 Cost Savings Plan, a multi-phase cost savings plan designed to reduce our expense structure to align with our go-forward business and financial objectives. The 2022 Cost Savings Plan included the 2022 Restructuring Plan, approved by our Board in August 2022. The 2022 Restructuring Plan, including the first phase initiated August 2022, second phase initiated January 2023 and the third phase initiated July 2023 is expected to include an overall reduction of approximately 1,150 positions globally through natural attrition or involuntary termination. The majority of these reductions were completed as of March 31, 2023 and the remainder expected to occur by the end of 2024. We have incurred total pre-tax charges of $21.3 million since the inception of the 2022 Restructuring Plan. A majority of the pre-tax charges have been paid in cash and relate to employee severance and compensation benefits, with an immaterial amount of charges related to other exit costs.
The following tables summarize activity by segment related to the 2022 Restructuring Plan for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 (in thousands):
Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Employee Severance and Benefit Costs (Credits) (1)
Other Exit CostsTotal Restructuring Charges (Credits)
North America$— $— $— 
International58 — 58 
Consolidated$58 $— $58 
(1)The employee severance and benefits costs for the three months ended June 30, 2024 are related to the termination of approximately 7 employees.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
Employee Severance and Benefit Costs (Credits) (1)
Other Exit CostsTotal Restructuring Charges (Credits)
North America$126 $229 $355 
International158 — 158 
Consolidated$284 $229 $513 
(1)The employee severance and benefits costs for the three months ended June 30, 2023 are related to the termination of approximately 39 employees.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Employee Severance and Benefit Costs (Credits) (1)
Other Exit CostsTotal Restructuring Charges (Credits)
North America55 1 56 
International(169)— (169)
Consolidated(114)1 (113)

(1)The employee severance and benefits costs for the six months ended June 30, 2024 are related to the termination of approximately 12 employees.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Employee Severance and Benefit Costs (Credits) (1)
Other Exit CostsTotal Restructuring Charges (Credits)
North America$4,566 $1,037 $5,603 
International3,891 — 3,891 
Consolidated$8,457 $1,037 $9,494 
(1)The employee severance and benefits costs for the six months ended June 30, 2023 are related to the termination of approximately 371 employees.
The following table summarizes restructuring liability activity for the 2022 Restructuring Plan (in thousands):
Employee Severance and Benefit CostsOther Exit CostsTotal
Balance as of December 31, 2023
$544 $44 $588 
Charges payable in cash and changes in estimate (1)
(114)1 (113)
Cash payments(249)(45)(294)
Foreign currency translation(36)— (36)
Balance as of June 30, 2024
$145 $— $145 
(1)Primarily relates to the release of our estimated accrual for certain severance benefits upon expiration of the eligible payout period.
2020 Restructuring Plan
In April 2020, the Board approved the 2020 Restructuring Plan. Our actions under this plan were substantially completed in 2021 and our current and future charges or credits will be from changes in estimates. For additional plan details, see Part II, Item 8, Note 13. Restructuring and Related Charges in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
The following tables summarize activity by segment related to the 2020 Restructuring Plan for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

Three Months Ended June 30, 2024
Employee Severance and Benefit Costs (Credits)
Legal and Advisory Costs (Credits)
Lease-related Charges (Credits)Total Restructuring Charges (Credits)
North America (1)
$— $— $(450)$(450)
International10 3 — 13 
Consolidated$10 $3 $(450)$(437)
(1) The credit recorded during the three months ended June 30, 2024 primarily relates to an over contribution of estimated real estate taxes in 2023 for the terminated lease at 600 West Chicago.
Three Months Ended June 30, 2023
Employee Severance and Benefit Costs (Credits)
Legal and Advisory Costs (Credits)
Lease-related Charges (Credits)Total Restructuring Charges (Credits)
North America$— $1 $(63)$(62)
International (1)
(1,436)8 288 (1,140)
Consolidated$(1,436)$9 $225 $(1,202)
(1) The credit recorded during the three months ended June 30, 2023 primarily relates to the release of our estimated accrual for certain severance benefits upon expiration of the eligible payout period.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2024
Employee Severance and Benefit Costs (Credits)
Legal and Advisory Costs (Credits)
Lease-related Charges (Credits)Total Restructuring Charges (Credits)
North America (1)
$— $— $(293)$(293)
International25 15 83 123 
Consolidated$25 $15 $(210)$(170)
(1) The credit recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2024 primarily relates to an over contribution of estimated real estate taxes in 2023 for the terminated lease at 600 West Chicago.
Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
Employee Severance and Benefit Costs (Credits)
Legal and Advisory Costs (Credits)
Lease-related Charges (Credits)Total Restructuring Charges (Credits)
North America$— $2 544 $546 
International (1)
(2,482)(48)595 (1,935)
Consolidated$(2,482)$(46)$1,139 $(1,389)
(1) The credit recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2023 primarily relates to the release of our estimated accrual for certain severance benefits upon expiration of the eligible payout period.
As part of our 2020 Restructuring Plan, we terminated, vacated or modified several of our leases. In January 2023, we exercised our option to early terminate our lease at 600 West Chicago that expired in January 2024, which required us to pay a fee of $9.6 million with our early termination notice. As of June 30, 2024, all of our leases that were part of the 2020 Restructuring Plan have expired or have been terminated. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, our restructuring activity related to those leases had immaterial activity. Rent expense, including amortization of the right-of-use asset and accretion of the operating lease liability, sublease income, termination and modification gains and losses, and other variable lease costs related to the leased facilities vacated as part of our 2020 Restructuring Plan are presented within Restructuring and related charges (credits) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of June 30, 2023, the current and non-current liabilities associated with these leases were presented within Accrued expenses and other current liabilities and Operating lease obligations in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The following table summarizes restructuring liability activity for the 2020 Restructuring Plan (in thousands):
Employee Severance and Benefit CostsOther Exit CostsTotal
Balance as of December 31, 2023
$839 $214 $1,053 
Charges payable in cash and changes in estimate25 15 40 
Cash payments(119)(162)(281)
Foreign currency translation(22)(5)(27)
Balance as of June 30, 2024 (1)
$723 $62 $785 
(1)Substantially all of the cash payments for the 2020 Restructuring Plan costs have been disbursed.