As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the balance of our goodwill was $178.7 million. There was no goodwill activity during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. All goodwill is within our North America segment.

We performed an assessment in each quarter of 2024 and 2023 and did not identify a triggering event that required us to test for impairment for such periods. Additionally, we performed our annual goodwill impairment assessment as of October 1, 2024, 2023, and 2022 which did not identify any goodwill impairment.

During the first quarter of 2022, we determined the impact to our business from a new variant of COVID-19 required us to evaluate our goodwill for impairment. Our interim quantitative assessment for the first quarter of 2022 did not identify any goodwill impairment.

During the second quarter of 2022, we determined a downward revision of our forecast required us to evaluate our goodwill for impairment. As a result of our interim quantitative assessment, we recognized goodwill impairment within our International reporting unit, representing a full impairment of goodwill for $35.4 million.

In order to evaluate goodwill for impairment, we compared the fair value of our two reporting units, North America and International, to their carrying values. In determining the fair values of our reporting units, we used the discounted cash flow method under the income approach that uses Level 3 inputs.

In March 2024, we entered into an agreement with a third party to sell the rights to certain intangible assets in exchange for cash consideration of $10.0 million, subject to license-back provisions that permit continued use of the assets in the ordinary course of our business. The sale was completed in April 2024 and resulted in a pre-tax

gain of $5.0 million. The pre-tax gain is presented within Gain on sale of assets on the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the year ended December 31, 2024. The cash activity is presented within Proceeds from sale of assets, net in the investing section on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and includes cash consideration received of $10.0 million, less $1.0 million in fees. The assets were within our North America segment.

The following table summarizes intangible assets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):


	December 31, 2024						December 31, 2023
	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Value
Merchant relationships	18,576		18,576		—		18,842		17,944		898
Trade names	9,425		9,027		398		9,459		8,753		706
Patents (1)	1,250		1,008		242		13,235		7,237		5,998
Other intangible assets	10,483		6,385		4,098		9,318		5,516		3,802
Total	$	39,734	$	34,996	$	4,738	$	50,854	$	39,450	$	11,404

(1) The change in the net carrying value is primarily due to the sale of certain intangible assets.

Amortization of intangible assets is computed using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives, which range from 1 to 10 years. Amortization expense related to intangible assets was $3.0 million, $7.8 million and $8.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

As of December 31, 2024, our estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):