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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies |  | 8 Months Ended
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Feb. 06, 2024 | Sep. 30, 2024
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract] |  |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Subscription receivable The Company accounts for any notes received in exchange for common stock as a subscription receivable, provided the note underlying the receivable is paid prior to the date the financial statement is available to be issued. | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Use of Estimates The preparation of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates, assumptions, and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected within these condensed consolidated financial statements include but are not limited to research and development expenses and related prepaid or accrued costs and the valuation of stock-based compensation awards and related expenses. The Company bases its estimates on known trends and other market-specific or other relevant factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates, as there are changes in circumstances, facts, and experience. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates or assumptions. Concentrations of Credit Risk and Other Risks and Uncertainties The Company’s cash and cash equivalents are maintained with financial institutions in the United States of America. Cash balances are held at financial institutions and account balances may exceed federally insured limits. To date, the Company has not experienced any losses on its cash and cash equivalents and periodically evaluates the creditworthiness of its financial institutions. The Company manages credit risk associated with its investment portfolio through its investment policy, which limits investments to high-quality issuers and limits the amount of its portfolio that can be invested in a single issuer. The Company is dependent on third-party organizations to research, develop, manufacture, and process its product candidates for its development programs, including its two most advanced programs, ORKA-001 and ORKA-002. The Company expects to continue to be dependent on a small number of manufacturers to supply it with its requirements for all products. The Company’s research and development programs could be adversely affected by a significant interruption in the supply of the necessary materials. A significant amount of the Company’s research and development activities are performed under its agreements with Paragon Therapeutics, Inc. (“Paragon”) (see Note 10). Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less at the time of initial purchase to be cash equivalents. The cash equivalents were comprised of investments in money market funds. Debt Issuance Costs Debt issuance costs incurred in connection with the Convertible Note (see Note 6) are recorded as a reduction of the carrying value of the notes payable liability on the Company’s balance sheet and are amortized to interest expense over the term of the loan using the effective interest method. Subscription Receivable The Company accounts for any notes received in exchange for common stock as a subscription receivable, provided the note underlying the receivable is paid prior to the date the financial statement is available to be issued. Fair Value Measurements Certain assets and liabilities are carried at fair value under U.S. GAAP. Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used to measure fair value must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. Financial assets and liabilities carried at fair value are to be classified and disclosed in one of the following three levels of the fair value hierarchy, of which the first two are considered observable and the last is considered unobservable:
| ● | Level 1 — Quoted prices in active markets that are identical assets or liabilities.
| ● | Level 2 — Observable inputs (other than Level 1 quoted prices), such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active for identical or similar assets or liabilities, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.
| ● | Level 3 — Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity that are significant to determining the fair value of the assets or liabilities, including pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, and similar techniques.
The Company’s cash equivalents are carried at fair value, determined according to the fair value hierarchy described above (see Note 4). The carrying values of the Company’s prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable and accrued expenses and other current liabilities approximate their fair values due to their relatively short maturity period. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation expense is recognized using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of each asset as follows:
|  | Estimated Useful Life |
Furniture and fixtures |  | 3-5 years |
Computer and office equipment |  | 3-5 years |
Classification of Convertible Preferred Stock Prior to the reverse recapitalization, the Company had classified its Pre-Merger Oruka Series A Preferred Stock outside of stockholders’ equity (deficit) on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet because the holders of such stock have certain liquidation rights in the event of a deemed liquidation event that, in certain situations, is not solely within the control of the Company and would require the redemption of the then-outstanding convertible preferred stock. Upon the closing of the Merger, the Company converted its Pre-Merger Oruka Series A Preferred Stock to Company Series B Preferred Stock and has classified the Company Series B Preferred Stock within stockholders’ equity (deficit) on its condensed consolidated balance sheet because the Company Series B Preferred Stock is not redeemable or puttable to the Company by the holder under any circumstances. In connection with the PIPE Financing (see Note 1) the Company issued Company Series A Preferred Stock, and has classified the Company Series A Preferred Stock outside of stockholders’ equity (deficit) on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet because the holders of such stock have certain rights (see Note 7) that, in certain situations, is not solely within the control of the Company and would require the redemption of the then-outstanding convertible preferred stock. Note Payable to Related Party The Company accounted for the Convertible Note (as defined in Note 6) at amortized cost. The Company considered if optional conversion features are required to be bifurcated and separately accounted for as a derivative. Costs related to the issuance of the Convertible Note were recorded as a debt discount, amortized over the term of the Convertible Note (see Note 6) and were accounted as interest expense in other income (expenses) within the condensed consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss using the effective interest method. At the effective time of the Merger, shares of Pre-Merger Oruka Common Stock issued pursuant to the conversion of the Convertible Note (including accrued interest) automatically converted into shares of Company Common Stock (see Note 1). Research and Development Contract Costs Accruals The Company records the costs associated with research studies and manufacturing development as incurred. These costs are a significant component of the Company’s research and development expenses, with a substantial portion of the Company’s ongoing research and development activities conducted by third-party service providers, including contract research organizations (“CROs”) and contract manufacturing organizations (“CMOs”), and the Company’s related-party Paragon (see Note 10). The Company accrues for expenses resulting from obligations under its two antibody discovery and option agreements (the “Option Agreements”) (see Note 10), by and among Paragon, Paruka Holding LLC (“Paruka”), an entity formed by Paragon as a vehicle to hold equity in the Company, and the Company as well as agreements with CROs, CMOs, and other outside service providers for which payment flows do not match the periods over which materials or services are provided to the Company. Accruals are recorded based on estimates of services received and efforts expended pursuant to agreements established with Paragon, CROs, CMOs, and other outside service providers. These estimates are typically based on contracted amounts applied to the proportion of work performed and determined through analysis with internal personnel and external service providers as to the progress or stage of completion of the services. The Company makes significant judgments and estimates in determining the accrual balance in each reporting period. If advance payments are made to Paragon, a CRO, CMO, or outside service provider, the payments will be recorded as a prepaid asset which will be expensed as the contracted services are performed. Changes in these estimates that result in material changes to the Company’s accruals could materially affect the Company’s results of operations. As of September 30, 2024, the Company has not experienced any material deviations between accrued and actual research and development expenses. Leases At the lease commencement date, when control of the underlying asset is transferred from the lessor to the Company, the Company classifies a lease as either an operating or finance lease and recognizes a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset and a current and non-current lease liability, as applicable, in the balance sheet if the lease has a term greater than one year. Lease terms may include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise its option. At the lease commencement date, operating lease liabilities and their corresponding ROU assets are recorded at the present value of future minimum lease payments over the expected remaining lease term. The Company determines the present value of lease payments using the implicit rate, if it is readily determinable, or the risk-free discount rate for a period comparable with that of the lease term. For operating leases, lease expense for lease payments is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. For finance leases, lease expense includes amortization expense of the ROU asset recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term and interest expense recognized on the finance lease liability. In addition, certain adjustments to the ROU asset may be required for items such as lease prepayments, incentives received or initial direct costs. As of September 30, 2024, the Company has one operating lease and no finance leases. The Company accounts for lease and non-lease components related to operating leases as a single lease component. The Company has elected that costs associated with leases having an initial term of 12 months or less are recognized in the condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss on a straight-line basis over the lease term and are not recorded on its condensed consolidated balance sheets. Variable lease expense is recognized as incurred and consists primarily of real estate taxes, utilities, and other office space related expenses. Segment Reporting The Company operates and manages its business as a single segment for the purposes of assessing performance and making operating decisions. The Company’s chief executive officer, who is the chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”), reviews the Company’s financial information on an aggregated basis for purposes of evaluating financial performance and allocating resources. Research and Development Costs Research and development costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development costs include salaries and bonuses, stock-based compensation, employee benefits, and external costs of vendors and consultants engaged to conduct research and development activities, as well as allocated human resource costs, information technology costs, and facility-related costs, including rent, maintenance, utilities, and depreciation. Nonrefundable advance payments for goods or services to be received in the future for use in research and development activities are recorded as prepaid expenses on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet. The prepaid amounts are expensed as the related goods are delivered or the services are performed, or when it is no longer expected that the goods will be delivered, or the services rendered. If nonrefundable advance payments represent a one-time cost for obtaining goods or services, with anticipated benefits to be utilized within a year of period end, the payment is expensed immediately. General and Administrative Expenses General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and bonuses, stock-based compensation, employee benefits, finance and administration costs, patent and intellectual property costs, professional fees, as well as allocated human resource costs, information technology costs, and facility-related costs, including rent, maintenance, utilities and depreciation. Commitments and Contingencies The Company is subject to contingent liabilities, such as legal proceedings and claims, that arise in the ordinary course of business activities. The Company accrues for loss contingencies when losses become probable and are reasonably estimable. If the reasonable estimate of the loss is a range and no amount within the range is a better estimate, the minimum amount of the range is recorded as a liability on the balance sheet. The Company does not accrue for contingent losses that, in its judgment, are considered to be reasonably possible, but not probable; however, it discloses the range of reasonably possible losses. As of September 30, 2024, no liabilities were recorded for loss contingencies (see Note 11). Stock-Based Compensation The Company measures all stock-based awards granted to employees, directors, and non-employees in the form of stock options to purchase shares of its common stock, based on the fair value of the awards on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The Company measures restricted common stock awards (“RSAs”) using the difference, if any, between the purchase price per share of the award and the fair value of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant. The Company grants stock options, restricted stock awards, and warrants that are subject to service or performance-based vesting conditions. Compensation expense for awards to employees and directors with service-based vesting conditions is recognized using the straight-line method over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the respective award. Compensation expense for awards to non-employees with service-based vesting conditions is recognized in the same manner as if the Company had paid cash in exchange for the goods or services, which is generally over the vesting period of the award. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur. As of each reporting date, the Company estimates the probability that specified performance criteria will be met and does not recognize compensation expense until it is probable that the performance-based vesting condition will be achieved. The Company has issued stock options, warrants, and RSAs with service-based and performance-based vesting conditions. The Company recognizes the compensation expense for the option to purchase common stock under the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), based on the fair value of the common stock estimated using the closing price of the Company’s common stock as reported on the date of offering, less the purchase discount percentage provided for in the plan. The Company classifies stock-based compensation expense in its condensed consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss in the same manner in which the award recipient’s payroll costs are classified or in which the award recipient’s service payments are classified. Net Loss per Share Attributable to Stockholders Basic and diluted net loss attributable to stockholders per share is presented in conformity with the two-class method required for participating securities (Pre-Merger Oruka Series A Preferred Stock). Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to each class of shares by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and participating securities outstanding during the period. Pre-funded warrants were included as the exercise price is negligible and these warrants are fully vested and exercisable. Company Series A Preferred Stock and Company Series B Preferred Stock share the same characteristics as Common Stock and have no substantive preference attributed to them and, accordingly, have been considered as classes of Common Stock in the computation of net loss per share regardless of their legal form. Net loss is allocated to common stock based on its proportional ownership on an as-converted basis. Net loss is not allocated to participating securities as they do not have an obligation to fund losses. The weighted-average number of shares outstanding of common stock reflects changes in ownership over the periods presented. See Note 7— Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity. Diluted net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss attributable to stockholders adjusted for income (expenses), net of tax, related to any diluted securities, by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period. For purposes of this calculation, stock options to purchase common stock, employee warrants to purchase common stock, and unvested RSAs are considered potential dilutive common shares. The Company generated a net loss for the periods presented. Accordingly, basic and diluted net loss per share is the same because the inclusion of the potentially dilutive securities would be anti-dilutive. Income Taxes The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the financial statements or in the Company’s tax returns. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are determined based on the differences between the financial statement basis and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect for the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. Changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded in the provision for income taxes. The Company assesses the likelihood that its deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and, to the extent it believes, based upon the weight of available evidence, that it is more likely than not that all or a portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized, a valuation allowance is established through a charge to income tax expense. The potential for recovery of deferred tax assets is evaluated by estimating the future taxable profits expected and considering prudent and feasible tax planning strategies. The Company accounts for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in the condensed consolidated financial statements by applying a two-step process to determine the amount of tax benefit to be recognized. First, the tax position must be evaluated to determine the likelihood that it will be sustained upon external examination by the taxing authorities. If the tax position is deemed more likely than not to be sustained, the tax position is then assessed to determine the amount of benefit to recognize in the condensed consolidated financial statements. The amount of the benefit that may be recognized is the largest amount that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The provision for income taxes includes the effects of any resulting tax reserves, or unrecognized tax benefits, that are considered appropriate as well as the related net interest and penalties. The Company had accrued no amounts for interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions as of September 30, 2024. Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”), which enhances the segment disclosure requirements for public entities on an annual and interim basis. Under this proposal, public entities will be required to disclose significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the CODM and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss. Additionally, current annual disclosures about a reportable segment’s profit or loss and assets will be required on an interim basis. Entities will also be required to disclose information about the CODM’s title and position at the Company along with an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measures of segment profit or loss in their assessment of segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources. Finally, ASU 2023-07 requires all segment disclosures for public entities that have only a single reportable segment. The amendments in ASU 2023-07 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This ASU expands disclosures in an entity’s income tax rate reconciliation table and disclosures regarding taxes paid both in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. This update is effective beginning with the Company’s 2025 fiscal year annual reporting period. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. This ASU requires more detailed disclosures, on an annual and interim basis, about specified categories of expenses (including employee compensation, depreciation, and amortization) included in certain expense captions presented on the face of the income statement. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. This ASU may be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of the adoption of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

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