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Fair Value Measurements | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2013
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract] |
Fair Value Disclosures [Text Block] | Fair Value Measurements The Company has categorized its financial assets and financial liabilities that are recorded at fair value into a hierarchy in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosure, ("ASC 820") based on whether the inputs to valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. The fair value hierarchy contains three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value as follows: Level 1 – Inputs represent quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities as of the measurement date. Level 2 – Inputs, other than those included in Level 1, represent observable measurements for similar instruments in active markets, or identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and observable measurements or market data for instruments with substantially the full term of the asset or liability. Level 3 – Inputs represent unobservable measurements, supported by little, if any, market activity, and require considerable assumptions that are significant to the fair value of the asset or liability. Market valuations must often be determined using discounted cash flow methodologies, pricing models or similar techniques based on the Company’s assumptions and best judgment. The asset or liability's fair value within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Under ASC 820, fair value measurements are determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability in an orderly transaction at the measurement date. Valuation techniques used maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs and consider assumptions such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions, and risk of nonperformance. Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis The following tables set forth information regarding the Company’s financial instruments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
|  |  | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
| Fair Value at June 30, 2013 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale securities | $ | 16,304 |  |  | $ | 16,304 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest rate cap | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps | $ | 4,528 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,528 |  |  | $ | — |
|  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
| Fair Value at December 31, 2012 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale securities | $ | 27,679 |  |  | $ | 16,556 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 11,123 |
Privately-held debt and equity securities | 2,475 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,475 |
Interest rate cap | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps | $ | 5,805 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,805 |  |  | $ | — |
The Company recognizes transfers in and out of every level at the end of each reporting period. There were no transfers between Levels 1, 2, or 3 for any periods presented. Intangible lease assets and other assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets include marketable securities consisting of corporate equity securities and bonds that are classified as available-for-sale. Net unrealized gains and losses on available-for-sale securities that are deemed to be temporary in nature are recorded as a component of AOCI in redeemable noncontrolling interests, shareholders’ equity and noncontrolling interests. If a decline in the value of an investment is deemed to be other than temporary, the investment is written down to fair value and an impairment loss is recognized in the current period to the extent of the decline in value. During the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, the Company did not record any write-downs related to other-than-temporary impairments. During the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2013, the Company did not recognize any realized gains or losses related to sales of marketable securities. During the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2012, the Company recognized realized gains of $160 related to sales of marketable securities. The fair values of the Company’s available-for-sale securities are based on quoted market prices and are classified under Level 1. Tax increment financing bonds ("TIF bonds"), which were classified as Level 3 as of December 31, 2012, were redeemed in January 2013. The following is a summary of the available-for-sale securities held by the Company as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012:
|  |  | Gross Unrealized |  |
| Adjusted Cost |  | Gains |  | Losses |  | Fair Value
June 30, 2013: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stocks | $ | 4,195 |  |  | $ | 13,124 |  |  | $ | (1,015 | ) |  | $ | 16,304 |
|  |  |  | Gross Unrealized |  |  |
| Adjusted Cost |  | Gains |  | Losses |  | Fair Value
December 31, 2012: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stocks | $ | 4,195 |  |  | $ | 12,361 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 16,556 |
Government and government-sponsored entities | 11,123 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,123 |
| $ | 15,318 |  |  | $ | 12,361 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 27,679 |
The Company uses interest rate swaps and caps to mitigate the effect of interest rate movements on its variable-rate debt. The Company had four interest rate swaps and one interest rate cap as of June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, that qualify as hedging instruments and are designated as cash flow hedges. The interest rate cap is included in intangible lease assets and other assets and the interest rate swaps are reflected in accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. The swaps and cap have predominantly met the effectiveness test criteria since inception and changes in their fair values are, thus, primarily reported in other comprehensive income (loss) ("OCI/L") and are reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged items affect earnings. The fair values of the Company’s interest rate hedges, classified under Level 2, are determined based on prevailing market data for contracts with matching durations, current and anticipated LIBOR information, consideration of the Company’s credit standing, credit risk of the counterparties and reasonable estimates about relevant future market conditions. See Note 6 for further information regarding the Company’s interest rate hedging instruments. The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are reasonable estimates of their fair values because of the short-term nature of these financial instruments. Based on the interest rates for similar financial instruments, the carrying value of mortgage and other notes receivable is a reasonable estimate of fair value. The estimated fair value of mortgage and other indebtedness was $4,817,491 and $5,058,411 at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. The fair value was calculated using Level 2 inputs by discounting future cash flows for mortgage and other indebtedness using estimated market rates at which similar loans would be made currently. The carrying amount of mortgage and other indebtedness was $4,622,395 and $4,745,683 at June 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. Prior to February 2013, the Company held TIF bonds, which had a 2028 maturity date and were received in a private placement as consideration for infrastructure improvements made by the Company related to the development of a community center. The Company had the intent and ability to hold the TIF bonds through the recovery period. The Company adjusted the bonds to their net realizable value as of December 31, 2012 and they were redeemed in January 2013. Due to the significant unobservable estimates and assumptions used in the valuation of the TIF bonds, such as the forecasted growth in sales and lack of marketability discount, the Company had classified the TIF bonds under Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The following table provides a reconciliation of changes between the beginning and ending balances of the TIF bonds (Level 3):
|  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2013 |  | Year Ended December 31, 2012
Available-for-sale securities (Level 3): |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 11,123 |  |  | $ | 11,829 |
Redemption of TIF bonds |  | (11,002 | ) |  | — |
Reclassification adjustment AOCI |  | — |  |  | 1,542 |
Transfer out of Level 3 (1) |  | (121 | ) |  | (2,248 | )
Balance, end of period |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 11,123 |
(1) | The TIF bonds were adjusted to their net realizable value as of December 31, 2012 and were redeemed in January 2013. The difference in estimate was recorded as a transfer to real estate assets.
Prior to May 2013, the Company held a secured convertible promissory note from Jinsheng Group (“Jinsheng”), in which the Company also holds a cost-method investment. The secured convertible note was non-interest bearing and secured by shares of Jinsheng. Since the secured convertible note was non-interest bearing and there was no active market for Jinsheng’s debt, the Company performed a probability-weighted discounted cash flow analysis for its valuation as of December 31, 2012 using various sale, redemption and initial public offering ("IPO") exit strategies. The fair value analysis as of December 31, 2012 forecasted a 0% to 10% reduction in estimated cash flows. Sale and IPO scenarios employed capitalization rates ranging from 10% to 12% which were discounted 20% for lack of marketability. Due to the significant unobservable estimates and assumptions used in the valuation of the note, the Company had classified it under Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The Company exercised its right to demand payment of the note and received $4,875 from Jinsheng in May 2013, recognizing a realized gain of $2,400 in the second quarter of 2013. The Company had previously recorded a $2,400 other-than-temporary impairment related to the Jinsheng note in 2009 due to China's declining real estate market. See Note 5 for further discussion. The following table provides a reconciliation of changes between the beginning and ending balances of the Jinsheng note (Level 3):
|  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2013 |  | Year Ended December 31, 2012
Privately-held debt and equity securities (Level 3): |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of period |  | $ | 2,475 |  |  | $ | 2,475 |
Net settlement |  | (4,875 | ) |  | — |
Realized gain recorded in earnings |  | 2,400 |  |  | — |
Balance, end of period |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,475 |
Fair Value Measurements on a Nonrecurring Basis The Company measures the fair value of certain long-lived assets on a nonrecurring basis, through quarterly impairment testing or when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. The Company considers both quantitative and qualitative factors in its impairment analysis of long-lived assets. Significant quantitative factors include historical and forecasted information for each property such as net operating income ("NOI"), occupancy statistics and sales levels. Significant qualitative factors used include market conditions, age and condition of the property and tenant mix. Due to the significant unobservable estimates and assumptions used in the valuation of long-lived assets that experience impairment, the Company classifies such long-lived assets under Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The fair value analysis as of June 30, 2013 used various probability-weighted scenarios comparing the property's net book value to the sum of its estimated fair value. Assumptions included up to a 10-year holding period with a sale at the end of the holding period, capitalization rates ranging from 10% to 12% and an estimated sales cost of 1%. The following table sets forth information regarding the Company's assets that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis:
|  |  | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using |
| Fair Value at June 30, 2013 |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) | Total Loss
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-lived assets | $ | 23,900 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 23,900 |  | $ | 20,453 |
In accordance with the Company's quarterly impairment review process, the Company recorded a non-cash impairment of real estate of $20,453 in the second quarter of 2013 related to Citadel Mall, located in Charleston, SC to write-down the depreciated book value to its estimated fair value as of the same date. The mall has experienced declining cash flows which are insufficient to cover the debt service on the mortgage secured by the property. The loan is currently in default and the Company has classified Citadel Mall as a non-core property as of June 30, 2013. The revenue of Citadel Mall accounted for approximately 0.7% of total consolidated revenue for the trailing twelve months ended June 30, 2013. A reconciliation of Citadel Mall's carrying value for the six months ended June 30, 2013 is as follows:
|  | Citadel Mall
Beginning carrying value, January 1, 2013 |  | $ | 45,178 |
Capital expenditures |  | 69 |
Depreciation expense |  | (894 | )
Loss on impairment of real estate |  | (20,453 | )
Ending carrying value, June 30, 2013 |  | $ | 23,900 |
Additionally, during the second quarter of 2013, the Company recorded a non-cash impairment of $585 to write-down the depreciated book value of the Company's corporate airplane to its fair value at its trade-in date.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 825 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=28364263&loc=d3e13537-108611 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 825 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 10 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=28364263&loc=d3e13433-108611 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 825 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 28 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6957238&loc=d3e14064-108612 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 820 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=25499696&loc=d3e19207-110258 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 825 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 30 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6957238&loc=d3e14172-108612 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 825 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 16 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=28364263&loc=d3e13504-108611 + Details
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