10-K 1 cbl-12312018x10k.htm
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2018
Or
o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM ____________ TO _______________
COMMISSION FILE NO. 1-12494 (CBL & ASSOCIATES PROPERTIES, INC.)
COMMISSION FILE NO. 333-182515-01 (CBL & ASSOCIATES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP)
______________
CBL & ASSOCIATES PROPERTIES, INC.
CBL & ASSOCIATES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware (CBL & Associates Properties, Inc.) Delaware (CBL & Associates Limited Partnership) (State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |  | 62-1545718 62-1542285 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2030 Hamilton Place Blvd., Suite 500 Chattanooga, TN (Address of Principal Executive Offices) |  | 37421 (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 423.855.0001
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
CBL & Associates Properties, Inc.:

Title of each Class |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value |  | New York Stock Exchange
7.375% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value |  | New York Stock Exchange
6.625% Series E Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value |  | New York Stock Exchange

CBL & Associates Limited Partnership: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
CBL & Associates Properties, Inc.: None
CBL & Associates Limited Partnership: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. |  | Yes o | No x
CBL & Associates Limited Partnership |  | Yes o | No x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. |  | Yes o | No x
CBL & Associates Limited Partnership |  | Yes o | No x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. |  | Yes x | No o
CBL & Associates Limited Partnership |  | Yes x | No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. |  | Yes x | No o
CBL & Associates Limited Partnership |  | Yes x | No o

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

CBL & Associates Properties, Inc.
Large accelerated filer x |  |  | Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer o | Smaller Reporting Company o
Emerging growth company o |  |  |
CBL & Associates Limited Partnership
Large accelerated filer o |  |  | Accelerated filer o
Non-accelerated filer x | Smaller Reporting Company o
Emerging growth company o |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. |  | Yes o | No x
CBL & Associates Limited Partnership |  | Yes o | No x

The aggregate market value of the 168,512,246 shares of CBL & Associates Properties, Inc.'s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2018 was $938,613,210, based on the closing price of $5.57 per share on the New York Stock Exchange on June 29, 2018. (For this computation, the registrant has excluded the market value of all shares of its common stock reported as beneficially owned by executive officers and directors of the registrant; such exclusion shall not be deemed to constitute an admission that any such person is an “affiliate” of the registrant.)
As of February 25, 2019, 173,463,248 shares of common stock were outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of CBL & Associates Properties, Inc.’s Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of Stockholders are incorporated by reference in Part III.

EXPLANATORY NOTE
This report combines the annual reports on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 of CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. and CBL & Associates Limited Partnership. Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to the "Company" mean CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. and its subsidiaries. References to the "Operating Partnership" mean CBL & Associates Limited Partnership and its subsidiaries. The terms "we," "us" and "our" refer to the Company or the Company and the Operating Partnership collectively, as the context requires.
The Company is a real estate investment trust ("REIT") whose stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange. The Company is the 100% owner of two qualified REIT subsidiaries, CBL Holdings I, Inc. and CBL Holdings II, Inc. At December 31, 2018, CBL Holdings I, Inc., the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, owned a 1.0% general partner interest in the Operating Partnership and CBL Holdings II, Inc. owned an 85.6% limited partner interest for a combined interest held by the Company of 86.6%.
As the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, the Company's subsidiary, CBL Holdings I, Inc., has exclusive control of the Operating Partnership's activities. Management operates the Company and the Operating Partnership as one business. The management of the Company consists of the same individuals that manage the Operating Partnership. The Company's only material asset is its indirect ownership of partnership interests of the Operating Partnership. As a result, the Company conducts substantially all its business through the Operating Partnership as described in the preceding paragraph. The Company also issues public equity from time to time and guarantees certain debt of the Operating Partnership. The Operating Partnership holds all of the assets and indebtedness of the Company and, through affiliates, retains the ownership interests in the Company's joint ventures. Except for the net proceeds of offerings of equity by the Company, which are contributed to the Operating Partnership in exchange for partnership units on a one-for-one basis, the Operating Partnership generates all remaining capital required by the Company's business through its operations and its incurrence of indebtedness.
We believe that combining the two annual reports on Form 10-K for the Company and the Operating Partnership provides the following benefits:

• | enhances investors' understanding of the Company and the Operating Partnership by enabling investors to view the business as a whole in the same manner that management views and operates the business;

• | eliminates duplicative disclosure and provides a more streamlined and readable presentation, since a substantial portion of the disclosure applies to both the Company and the Operating Partnership; and

• | creates time and cost efficiencies through the preparation of one combined report instead of two separate reports.

To help investors understand the differences between the Company and the Operating Partnership, this report provides separate consolidated financial statements for the Company and the Operating Partnership. Noncontrolling interests, shareholders' equity and partners' capital are the main areas of difference between the consolidated financial statements of the Company and those of the Operating Partnership. A single set of notes to consolidated financial statements is presented that includes separate discussions for the Company and the Operating Partnership, when applicable. A combined Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section is also included that presents combined information and discrete information related to each entity, as applicable.
In order to highlight the differences between the Company and the Operating Partnership, this report includes the following sections that provide separate financial and other information for the Company and the Operating Partnership:

• | consolidated financial statements;

• | certain accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements, including Note 2- Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, Note 7 - Mortgage and Other Indebtedness, Net, Note 8 - Shareholders' Equity and Partners' Capital and Note 9 - Redeemable Interests and Noncontrolling Interests;

• | information concerning unregistered sales of equity securities and use of proceeds in Item 5 of Part II of this report;

• | selected financial data in Item 6 of Part II of this report;

• | controls and procedures in Item 9A of Part II of this report; and

• | certifications of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer included as Exhibits 31.1 through 32.4.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | Page Number
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements | 1
PART I |
1. | Business | 2
1A. | Risk Factors | 6
1B. | Unresolved Staff Comments | 26
2. | Properties | 26
3. | Legal Proceedings | 47
4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 47
PART II |
5. | Market For Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 47
6. | Selected Financial Data | 48
7. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 50
7A. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 78
8. | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | 79
9. | Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | 79
9A. | Controls and Procedures | 79
9B. | Other Information | 84
PART III |
10. | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | 84
11. | Executive Compensation | 84
12. | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | 84
13. | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | 84
14. | Principal Accounting Fees and Services | 84
PART IV |
15. | Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules | 85
16. | Form 10-K Summary | 85
Index to Exhibits | 156
Signatures | 161

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements included or incorporated by reference in this Annual Report on Form 10-K may be deemed “forward looking statements” within the meaning of the federal securities laws. All statements other than statements of historical fact should be considered to be forward-looking statements. In many cases, these forward looking statements may be identified by the use of words such as “will,” “may,” “should,” “could,” “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “intends,” “projects,” “goals,” “objectives,” “targets,” “predicts,” “plans,” “seeks,” and variations of these words and similar expressions. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the factors discussed throughout this report.
Although we believe the expectations reflected in any forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance or results and we can give no assurance that these expectations will be attained. It is possible that actual results may differ materially from those indicated by these forward-looking statements due to a variety of known and unknown risks and uncertainties. In addition to the risk factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A of this report, such known risks and uncertainties include, without limitation:

• | general industry, economic and business conditions;

• | interest rate fluctuations;

• | costs and availability of capital and capital requirements;

• | costs and availability of real estate;

• | inability to consummate acquisition opportunities and other risks associated with acquisitions;

• | competition from other companies and retail formats;

• | changes in retail demand and rental rates in our markets;

• | shifts in customer demands including the impact of online shopping;

• | tenant bankruptcies or store closings;

• | changes in vacancy rates at our Properties;

• | changes in operating expenses;

• | changes in applicable laws, rules and regulations;

• | sales of real property;

• | cyber-attacks or acts of cyber-terrorism;

• | changes in the credit ratings of the Operating Partnership's senior unsecured long-term indebtedness;

• | the ability to obtain suitable equity and/or debt financing and the continued availability of financing, in the amounts and on the terms necessary to support our future refinancing requirements and business; and

• | other risks referenced from time to time in filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and those factors listed or incorporated by reference into this report.

This list of risks and uncertainties is only a summary and is not intended to be exhaustive. We disclaim any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect actual results or changes in the factors affecting the forward-looking information.
1

PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
Background
CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. (“CBL”) was organized on July 13, 1993, as a Delaware corporation, to acquire substantially all of the real estate properties owned by CBL & Associates, Inc., which was formed by Charles B. Lebovitz in 1978, and by certain of its related parties. On November 3, 1993, CBL completed an initial public offering (the “Offering”). Simultaneously with the completion of the Offering, CBL & Associates, Inc., its shareholders and affiliates and certain senior officers of the Company (collectively, “CBL’s Predecessor”) transferred substantially all of their interests in its real estate properties to CBL & Associates Limited Partnership (the “Operating Partnership”) in exchange for common units of limited partner interest in the Operating Partnership. The interests in the Operating Partnership contain certain conversion rights that are more fully described in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements. The terms “we,” “us” and “our” refer to the Company or the Company and the Operating Partnership collectively, as the context requires.
The Company’s Business
We are a self-managed, self-administered, fully integrated REIT. We own, develop, acquire, lease, manage, and operate regional shopping malls, open-air and mixed-use centers, outlet centers, associated centers, community centers, office and other properties. Our Properties are located in 26 states, but are primarily in the southeastern and midwestern United States. We have elected to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.
We conduct substantially all of our business through CBL & Associates Limited Partnership (the "Operating Partnership"), which is a variable interest entity ("VIE"). We are the 100% owner of two qualified REIT subsidiaries, CBL Holdings I, Inc. and CBL Holdings II, Inc. CBL Holdings I, Inc. is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. At December 31, 2018, CBL Holdings I, Inc. owned a 1.0% general partner interest and CBL Holdings II, Inc. owned an 85.6% limited partner interest in the Operating Partnership, for a combined interest held by us of 86.6%.
See Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements for information on our Properties as of December 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2018, we owned mortgages on seven Properties, each of which is collateralized by either a first mortgage, a second mortgage or by assignment of 100% of the ownership interests in the underlying real estate and related improvements (the “Mortgages”). The Malls, All Other Properties ("Associated Centers, Community Centers, Office Buildings and Self-storage Facilities"), Properties under development ("Construction Properties") and Mortgages are collectively referred to as the “Properties” and individually as a “Property.”
We conduct our property management and development activities through CBL & Associates Management, Inc. (the “Management Company”) to comply with certain requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Internal Revenue Code"). The Operating Partnership owns 100% of the Management Company’s outstanding preferred stock and common stock.
The Management Company manages all but 11 of the Properties. Governor’s Square and Governor’s Square Plaza in Clarksville, TN, Kentucky Oaks Mall in Paducah, KY, Fremaux Town Center in Slidell, LA, Ambassador Town Center in Lafayette, LA and EastGate Mall - CubeSmart Self-storage in Cincinnati, OH are all owned by unconsolidated joint ventures and are managed by a property manager that is affiliated with the third party partner, which receives a fee for its services. The third party partner of each of these Properties controls the cash flow distributions, although our approval is required for certain major decisions. The Outlet Shoppes at Gettysburg in Gettysburg, PA, The Outlet Shoppes at El Paso in El Paso, TX, The Outlet Shoppes at Atlanta in Woodstock, GA, The Outlet Shoppes of the Bluegrass in Simpsonville, KY, and The Outlet Shoppes at Laredo in Laredo, TX are owned by consolidated joint ventures and managed by a property manager that is affiliated with the third party partner, which receives a fee for its services.
Revenues are primarily derived from leases with retail tenants and generally include fixed minimum rents, percentage rents based on tenants’ sales volumes and reimbursements from tenants for expenditures related to real estate taxes, insurance, common area maintenance ("CAM") and other recoverable operating expenses, as well as certain capital expenditures. We also generate revenues from management, leasing and development fees, sponsorships, sales of peripheral land at the Properties and from sales of operating real estate assets when it is determined that we can realize an appropriate value for the assets. Proceeds from such sales are generally used to retire related indebtedness or reduce outstanding balances on our credit facilities.
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The following terms used in this Annual Report on Form 10-K will have the meanings described below:

▪ | GLA – refers to gross leasable area of space in square feet, including Anchors and Mall tenants.

▪ | Anchor – refers to a department store, other large retail store, non-retail space or theater greater than or equal to 50,000 square feet.

▪ | Junior Anchor - non-traditional department store, retail store, non-retail space or theater comprising more than 20,000 square feet and less than 50,000 square feet.

▪ | Freestanding – Property locations that are not attached to the primary complex of buildings that comprise the mall shopping center.

▪ | Outparcel – land used for freestanding developments, such as retail stores, banks and restaurants, which are generally on the periphery of the Properties.

▪ | 2023 Notes - $450 million of senior unsecured notes issued by the Operating Partnership in November 2013 that bear interest at 5.25% and mature on December 1, 2023.

▪ | 2024 Notes - $300 million of senior unsecured notes issued by the Operating Partnership in October 2014 that bear interest at 4.60% and mature on October 15, 2024.

▪ | 2026 Notes - $625 million of senior unsecured notes issued by the Operating Partnership in December 2016 and September 2017 that bear interest at 5.95% and mature on December 15, 2026 (and, collectively with the 2023 Notes and 2024 Notes, the "Notes"). See Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information on the Notes.

Significant Markets and Tenants
Top Five Markets
Our top five markets, based on percentage of total revenues, were as follows for the year ended December 31, 2018:

Market |  | Percentage of Total Revenues
St. Louis, MO |  | 6.3%
Chattanooga, TN |  | 5.0%
Laredo, TX |  | 3.8%
Lexington, KY |  | 3.8%
Madison, WI |  | 3.4%

Top 25 Tenants
Our top 25 tenants based on percentage of total revenues were as follows for the year ended December 31, 2018:

| Tenant |  | Number of Stores |  | Square Feet |  | Percentage of Total Revenues (1)
1 | L Brands, Inc. (2) |  | 137 |  |  |  | 812,407 |  |  |  | 4.20 | % |
2 | Signet Jewelers Limited (3) |  | 172 |  |  |  | 254,859 |  |  |  | 2.85 | % |
3 | Foot Locker, Inc. |  | 114 |  |  |  | 530,463 |  |  |  | 2.65 | % |
4 | Ascena Retail Group, Inc. (4) |  | 164 |  |  |  | 840,079 |  |  |  | 2.09 | % |
5 | AE Outfitters Retail Company |  | 64 |  |  |  | 402,917 |  |  |  | 1.98 | % |
6 | Genesco Inc. (5) |  | 165 |  |  |  | 271,118 |  |  |  | 1.82 | % |
7 | Dick's Sporting Goods, Inc. |  | 26 |  |  |  | 1,467,844 |  |  |  | 1.74 | % |
8 | The Gap, Inc. |  | 55 |  |  |  | 655,708 |  |  |  | 1.42 | % |
9 | Hennes & Mauritz AB |  | 43 |  |  |  | 916,688 |  |  |  | 1.36 | % |

3

| Tenant |  | Number of Stores |  | Square Feet |  | Percentage of Total Revenues (1)
10 | Luxottica Group, S.P.A. (6) |  | 110 |  |  |  | 245,338 |  |  |  | 1.33 | % |
11 | Express, Inc. |  | 40 |  |  |  | 331,347 |  |  |  | 1.23 | % |
12 | Finish Line, Inc. |  | 47 |  |  |  | 245,046 |  |  |  | 1.17 | % |
13 | Forever 21 Retail, Inc. |  | 20 |  |  |  | 410,070 |  |  |  | 1.16 | % |
14 | The Buckle, Inc. |  | 45 |  |  |  | 233,639 |  |  |  | 1.11 | % |
15 | JC Penney Company, Inc. (7) |  | 49 |  |  |  | 5,881,853 |  |  |  | 1.02 | % |
16 | Charlotte Russe Holding, Inc. |  | 44 |  |  |  | 280,834 |  |  |  | 0.97 | % |
17 | Abercrombie & Fitch, Co. |  | 45 |  |  |  | 299,937 |  |  |  | 0.93 | % |
18 | Shoe Show, Inc. |  | 42 |  |  |  | 532,919 |  |  |  | 0.92 | % |
19 | Cinemark |  | 9 |  |  |  | 467,190 |  |  |  | 0.84 | % |
20 | Barnes & Noble Inc. |  | 19 |  |  |  | 579,660 |  |  |  | 0.84 | % |
21 | Hot Topic, Inc. |  | 97 |  |  |  | 222,301 |  |  |  | 0.80 | % |
22 | The Children's Place Retail Stores, Inc. |  | 47 |  |  |  | 205,959 |  |  |  | 0.77 | % |
23 | Claire's Stores, Inc. |  | 84 |  |  |  | 106,510 |  |  |  | 0.72 | % |
24 | Ulta Beauty Inc. |  | 28 |  |  |  | 288,394 |  |  |  | 0.67 | % |
25 | GNC Holdings, Inc. |  | 65 |  |  |  | 91,519 |  |  |  | 0.62 | % |
|  |  | 1,731 |  |  |  | 16,574,599 |  |  |  | 35.21 | % |
(1) | Includes our proportionate share of revenues from unconsolidated affiliates based on our ownership percentage in the respective joint venture and any other applicable terms.
(2) | L Brands, Inc. operates Bath & Body Works, PINK, Victoria's Secret and White Barn Candle.
(3) | Signet Jewelers Limited operates Belden Jewelers, Gordon's Jewelers, Jared Jewelers, JB Robinson, Kay Jewelers, LeRoy's Jewelers, Marks & Morgan, Osterman's Jewelers, Piercing Pagoda, Rogers Jewelers, Shaw's Jewelers, Silver & Gold Connection, Ultra Diamonds and Zales.
(4) | Ascena Retail Group, Inc. operates Ann Taylor, Catherines, Dressbarn, Justice, Lane Bryant, LOFT and Maurices.
(5) | Genesco Inc. operates Clubhouse, Hat Shack, Hat Zone, Johnston & Murphy, Journey's, Journey's Kidz, Lids, Lids Locker Room, Shi by Journey's and Underground by Journeys.
(6) | Luxottica Group, S.P.A. operates Lenscrafters, Pearle Vision and Sunglass Hut.
(7) | JC Penney Co., Inc. owns 29 of these stores.

Growth Strategy
Our objective is to achieve growth in same-center net operating income ("NOI") as well as funds from operations ("FFO") (see page 76 for a discussion of funds from operations) and reduce our overall cost of debt and equity by maximizing total earnings before income taxes, depreciation and amortization for real estate ("EBITDA re") and cash flows through a variety of methods as further discussed below.
FFO and same-center NOI are non-GAAP measures. For a description of same-center NOI, a reconciliation from net income (loss) to same-center NOI, and an explanation of why we believe this is a useful performance measure, see Non-GAAP Measure - Same-center Net Operating Income in “Results of Operations.” For a description of FFO, a reconciliation from net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders to FFO allocable to Operating Partnership common unitholders, and an explanation of why we believe this is a useful performance measure, see Non-GAAP Measure - Funds from Operations within the "Liquidity and Capital Resources" section.
4

Leasing, Management and Marketing
Our objective is to maximize cash flows from our existing Properties through:

▪ | aggressive leasing that seeks to increase occupancy and facilitate an optimal merchandise mix,

▪ | originating and renewing leases at higher gross rents per square foot compared to the previous lease,

▪ | merchandising, marketing, sponsorship and promotional activities and

▪ | actively controlling operating costs.

Redevelopments
Redevelopments represent situations where we capitalize on opportunities to increase the productivity of previously occupied space through aesthetic upgrades, retenanting and/or changing the use of the space. Many times, redevelopments result from acquiring or regaining possession of Anchor space (such as former Sears and Bon-Ton stores) and subdividing it into multiple spaces.
Renovations
Renovations usually include remodeling and upgrading existing facades, uniform signage, new entrances and floor coverings, updating interior décor, resurfacing parking areas and improving the lighting of interiors and parking areas. Renovations can result in attracting new retailers, increased rental rates, sales and occupancy levels and maintaining the Property's market dominance.
Development of New Retail Properties and Expansions
In general, we seek development opportunities in middle-market trade areas that we believe are under-served by existing retail operations. These middle-markets must also have strong demographics to provide the opportunity to effectively maintain a competitive position.
We can also generate revenues by expanding a Property through the addition of large retail formats including restaurants and entertainment venues. An expansion also protects the Property's competitive position within its market.
Shadow Development Pipeline
We are continually pursuing redevelopment opportunities and have projects in various stages of pre-development. Our shadow pipeline consists of projects for Properties on which we have completed initial analysis and design but which have not commenced construction as of December 31, 2018.
See "Liquidity and Capital Resources" section for information on the above projects completed during 2018 and under construction at December 31, 2018.
Acquisitions
We believe there is opportunity for growth through acquisitions of retail centers and anchor stores that complement our portfolio. We selectively acquire properties we believe can appreciate in value by increasing NOI through our development, leasing and management expertise. However, our primary focus at this time is on opportunities to acquire anchors at our Properties for future redevelopment uses.
Environmental Matters
A discussion of the current effects and potential impacts on our business and Properties of compliance with federal, state and local environmental regulations is presented in Item 1A of this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the subheading “Risks Related to Real Estate Investments.”
Competition
The Properties compete with various shopping facilities in attracting retailers to lease space. In addition, retailers at our Properties face competition from discount shopping centers, outlet centers, wholesale clubs, direct mail, television shopping networks, the internet and other retail shopping developments. The extent of the retail competition varies from market to market. We work aggressively to attract customers through marketing promotions and social media campaigns. Many of our retailers have adopted an omni-channel approach which leverages sales through both digital and traditional retailing channels.
5

Seasonality
The shopping center business is, to some extent, seasonal in nature with tenants typically achieving the highest levels of sales during the fourth quarter due to the holiday season, which generally results in higher percentage rent income in the fourth quarter. Additionally, the Malls earn most of their “temporary” rents (rents from short-term tenants) during the holiday period. Thus, occupancy levels and revenue production are generally the highest in the fourth quarter of each year. Results of operations realized in any one quarter may not be indicative of the results likely to be experienced over the course of our fiscal year.
Equity
Common Stock and Common Units
Our authorized common stock consists of 350,000,000 shares at $0.01 par value per share. We had 172,656,458 and 171,088,778 shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The Operating Partnership had 199,414,863 and 199,297,151 common units outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Preferred Stock
Our authorized preferred stock consists of 15,000,000 shares at $0.01 par value per share. See Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements for a description of our outstanding cumulative redeemable preferred stock.
Financial Information about Segments
See Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements for information about our reportable segments.
Employees
CBL does not have any employees other than its statutory officers. Our Management Company had 509 full-time and 141 part-time employees as of December 31, 2018. None of our employees are represented by a union.
Corporate Offices
Our principal executive offices are located at CBL Center, 2030 Hamilton Place Boulevard, Suite 500, Chattanooga, Tennessee, 37421 and our telephone number is (423) 855-0001.
Available Information
There is additional information about us on our web site at cblproperties.com. Electronic copies of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, as well as any amendments to those reports, are available free of charge by visiting the “invest” section of our web site. These reports are posted as soon as reasonably practical after they are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. The information on our web site is not, and should not be considered, a part of this Form 10-K.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Set forth below are certain factors that may adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Any one or more of the following factors may cause our actual results for various financial reporting periods to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by us, or on our behalf. See “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” contained herein on page 1.
RISKS RELATED TO REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS
Real property investments are subject to various risks, many of which are beyond our control, which could cause declines in the operating revenues and/or the underlying value of one or more of our Properties.
A number of factors may decrease the income generated by a retail shopping center property, including:

• | national, regional and local economic climates, which may be negatively impacted by loss of jobs, production slowdowns, adverse weather conditions, natural disasters, acts of violence, war or terrorism, declines in residential real estate activity and other factors which tend to reduce consumer spending on retail goods;

6

• | adverse changes in levels of consumer spending, consumer confidence and seasonal spending (especially during the holiday season when many retailers generate a disproportionate amount of their annual profits);

• | local real estate conditions, such as an oversupply of, or reduction in demand for, retail space or retail goods, and the availability and creditworthiness of current and prospective tenants;

• | increased operating costs, such as increases in repairs and maintenance, real property taxes, utility rates and insurance premiums;

• | delays or cost increases associated with the opening of new properties or redevelopment and expansion of properties, due to higher than estimated construction costs, cost overruns, delays in receiving zoning, occupancy or other governmental approvals, lack of availability of materials and labor, weather conditions, and similar factors which may be outside our ability to control;

• | perceptions by retailers or shoppers of the safety, convenience and attractiveness of the shopping center; and

• | the convenience and quality of competing retail properties and other retailing options, such as the internet and the adverse impact of online sales.

In addition, other factors may adversely affect the value of our Properties without affecting their current revenues, including:

• | adverse changes in governmental regulations, such as local zoning and land use laws, environmental regulations or local tax structures that could inhibit our ability to proceed with development, expansion or renovation activities that otherwise would be beneficial to our Properties;

• | potential environmental or other legal liabilities that reduce the amount of funds available to us for investment in our Properties;

• | any inability to obtain sufficient financing (including construction financing, permanent debt, unsecured notes issuances, lines of credit and term loans), or the inability to obtain such financing on commercially favorable terms, to fund repayment of maturing loans, new developments, acquisitions, and property redevelopments, expansions and renovations which otherwise would benefit our Properties; and

• | an environment of rising interest rates, which could negatively impact both the value of commercial real estate such as retail shopping centers and the overall retail climate.

Illiquidity of real estate investments could significantly affect our ability to respond to adverse changes in the performance of our Properties and harm our financial condition.
Substantially all of our total consolidated assets consist of investments in real properties. Because real estate investments are relatively illiquid, our ability to quickly sell one or more Properties in our portfolio in response to changing economic, financial and investment conditions is limited. The real estate market is affected by many factors, such as general economic conditions, availability of financing, interest rates and other factors, including supply and demand for space, that are beyond our control. We cannot predict whether we will be able to sell any Property for the price or on the terms we set, or whether any price or other terms offered by a prospective purchaser would be acceptable to us. We also cannot predict the length of time needed to find a willing purchaser and to close the sale of a Property. In addition, current economic and capital market conditions might make it more difficult for us to sell Properties or might adversely affect the price we receive for Properties that we do sell, as prospective buyers might experience increased costs of debt financing or other difficulties in obtaining debt financing.
Moreover, there are some limitations under federal income tax laws applicable to REITs that limit our ability to sell assets. In addition, because many of our Properties are mortgaged to secure our debts, we may not be able to obtain a release of a lien on a mortgaged Property without the payment of the associated debt and/or a substantial prepayment penalty, or transfer of debt to a buyer, which restricts our ability to dispose of a Property, even though the sale might otherwise be desirable. Furthermore, the number of prospective buyers interested in purchasing shopping centers is limited. Therefore, if we want to sell one or more of our Properties, we may not be able to dispose of it in the desired time period and may receive less consideration than we originally invested in the Property.
Before a Property can be sold, we may be required to make expenditures to correct defects or to make improvements. We cannot assure you that we will have funds available to correct those defects or to make those improvements, and if we cannot do so, we might not be able to sell the Property, or might be required to sell the Property on unfavorable terms. In acquiring a property, we might agree to provisions that materially restrict us from
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selling that property for a period of time or impose other restrictions, such as limitations on the amount of debt that can be placed or repaid on that property. These factors and any others that would impede our ability to respond to adverse changes in the performance of our Properties could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
We may elect not to proceed with certain developments, redevelopments or expansion projects once they have been undertaken, resulting in charges that could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations for the period in which the charge is taken.
We intend to pursue developments, redevelopments and expansion activities as opportunities arise. In connection with any developments, redevelopments or expansion, we will incur various risks, including the risk that developments, redevelopments or expansion opportunities explored by us may be abandoned for various reasons including, but not limited to, credit disruptions that require the Company to conserve its cash until the capital markets stabilize or alternative credit or funding arrangements can be made. Developments, redevelopments or expansions also include the risk that construction costs of a project may exceed original estimates, possibly making the project unprofitable. Other risks include the risk that we may not be able to refinance construction loans which are generally with full recourse to us, the risk that occupancy rates and rents at a completed project will not meet projections and will be insufficient to make the project profitable, and the risk that we will not be able to obtain Anchor, mortgage lender and property partner approvals for certain expansion activities.
When we elect not to proceed with a development opportunity, the development costs ordinarily are charged against income for the then-current period. Any such charge could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations for the period in which the charge is taken.
Certain of our Properties are subject to ownership interests held by third parties, whose interests may conflict with ours and thereby constrain us from taking actions concerning these Properties which otherwise would be in the best interests of the Company and our stockholders.
We own partial interests in 14 malls, 7 associated centers, 7 community centers, 2 office buildings and a self-storage facility. Governor’s Square and Governor’s Plaza in Clarksville, TN; Kentucky Oaks Mall in Paducah, KY; Fremaux Town Center in Slidell, LA, Ambassador Town Center in Lafayette, LA and EastGate Mall CubeSmart Self-storage in Cincinnati, OH are all owned by unconsolidated joint ventures and are managed by a property manager that is affiliated with the third party partner, which receives a fee for its services. The third party partner of each of these Properties controls the cash flow distributions, although our approval is required for certain major decisions. The Outlet Shoppes at Gettysburg in Gettysburg, PA; The Outlet Shoppes at El Paso in El Paso, TX; The Outlet Shoppes at Atlanta in Woodstock, GA; The Outlet Shoppes of the Bluegrass in Simpsonville, KY and The Outlet Shoppes at Laredo in Laredo, TX are owned by consolidated joint ventures and managed by a property manager that is affiliated with the third party partner, which receives a fee for its services.
Where we serve as managing general partner (or equivalent) of the entities that own our Properties, we may have certain fiduciary responsibilities to the other owners of those entities. In certain cases, the approval or consent of the other owners is required before we may sell, finance, expand or make other significant changes in the operations of such Properties. To the extent such approvals or consents are required, we may experience difficulty in, or may be prevented from, implementing our plans with respect to expansion, development, financing or other similar transactions with respect to such Properties.
With respect to those Properties for which we do not serve as managing general partner (or equivalent), we do not have day-to-day operational control or control over certain major decisions, including leasing and the timing and amount of distributions, which could result in decisions by the managing entity that do not fully reflect our interests. This includes decisions relating to the requirements that we must satisfy in order to maintain our status as a REIT for tax purposes. However, decisions relating to sales, expansion and disposition of all or substantially all of the assets and financings are subject to approval by the Operating Partnership.
Bankruptcy of joint venture partners could impose delays and costs on us with respect to the jointly owned retail Properties.
In addition to the possible effects on our joint ventures of a bankruptcy filing by us, the bankruptcy of one of the other investors in any of our jointly owned shopping centers could materially and adversely affect the relevant Property or Properties. Under the bankruptcy laws, we would be precluded from taking some actions affecting the estate of the other investor without prior approval of the bankruptcy court, which would, in most cases, entail prior notice to other parties and a hearing in the bankruptcy court. At a minimum, the requirement to obtain court approval
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may delay the actions we would or might want to take. If the relevant joint venture through which we have invested in a Property has incurred recourse obligations, the discharge in bankruptcy of one of the other investors might result in our ultimate liability for a greater portion of those obligations than we would otherwise bear.
We may incur significant costs related to compliance with environmental laws, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, cash flows and the funds available to us to pay dividends.
Under various federal, state and local laws, ordinances and regulations, a current or previous owner or operator of real estate may be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of petroleum, certain hazardous or toxic substances on, under or in such real estate. Such laws typically impose such liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such substances. The costs of remediation or removal of such substances may be substantial. The presence of such substances, or the failure to promptly remove or remediate such substances, may adversely affect the owner's or operator's ability to lease or sell such real estate or to borrow using such real estate as collateral. Persons who arrange for the disposal or treatment of hazardous or toxic substances may also be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of such substances at the disposal or treatment facility, regardless of whether such facility is owned or operated by such person. Certain laws also impose requirements on conditions and activities that may affect the environment or the impact of the environment on human health. Failure to comply with such requirements could result in the imposition of monetary penalties (in addition to the costs to achieve compliance) and potential liabilities to third parties. Among other things, certain laws require abatement or removal of friable and certain non-friable asbestos-containing materials in the event of demolition or certain renovations or remodeling. Certain laws regarding asbestos-containing materials require building owners and lessees, among other things, to notify and train certain employees working in areas known or presumed to contain asbestos-containing materials. Certain laws also impose liability for release of asbestos-containing materials into the air and third parties may seek recovery from owners or operators of real properties for personal injury or property damage associated with asbestos-containing materials. In connection with the ownership and operation of properties, we may be potentially liable for all or a portion of such costs or claims.
All of our Properties (but not properties for which we hold an option to purchase but do not yet own) have been subject to Phase I environmental assessments or updates of existing Phase I environmental assessments. Such assessments generally consisted of a visual inspection of the Properties, review of federal and state environmental databases and certain information regarding historic uses of the Property and adjacent areas and the preparation and issuance of written reports. Some of the Properties contain, or contained, underground storage tanks used for storing petroleum products or wastes typically associated with automobile service or other operations conducted at the Properties. Certain Properties contain, or contained, dry-cleaning establishments utilizing solvents. Where believed to be warranted, samplings of building materials or subsurface investigations were undertaken. At certain Properties, where warranted by the conditions, we have developed and implemented an operations and maintenance program that establishes operating procedures with respect to asbestos-containing materials. The cost associated with the development and implementation of such programs was not material. We have also obtained environmental insurance coverage at certain of our Properties.
We believe that our Properties are in compliance in all material respects with all federal, state and local ordinances and regulations regarding the handling, discharge and emission of hazardous or toxic substances. As of December 31, 2018, we have recorded in our consolidated financial statements a liability of $3.0 million related to potential future asbestos abatement activities at our Properties which are not expected to have a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. We have not been notified by any governmental authority, and are not otherwise aware, of any material noncompliance, liability or claim relating to hazardous or toxic substances in connection with any of our present or former Properties. Therefore, we have not recorded any liability related to hazardous or toxic substances. Nevertheless, it is possible that the environmental assessments available to us do not reveal all potential environmental liabilities. It is also possible that subsequent investigations will identify material contamination, that adverse environmental conditions have arisen subsequent to the performance of the environmental assessments, or that there are material environmental liabilities of which management is unaware. Moreover, no assurances can be given that (i) future laws, ordinances or regulations will not impose any material environmental liability or (ii) the current environmental condition of the Properties has not been or will not be affected by tenants and occupants of the Properties, by the condition of properties in the vicinity of the Properties or by third parties unrelated to us, the Operating Partnership or the relevant Property's partnership.
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Possible terrorist activity or other acts of violence could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Future terrorist attacks in the United States, and other acts of violence, including terrorism or war, might result in declining consumer confidence and spending, which could harm the demand for goods and services offered by our tenants and the values of our Properties, and might adversely affect an investment in our securities. A decrease in retail demand could make it difficult for us to renew or re-lease our Properties at lease rates equal to or above historical rates and, to the extent our tenants are affected, could adversely affect their ability to continue to meet obligations under their existing leases. Terrorist activities also could directly affect the value of our Properties through damage, destruction or loss. Furthermore, terrorist acts might result in increased volatility in national and international financial markets, which could limit our access to capital or increase our cost of obtaining capital.
We face possible risks associated with climate change.
We cannot determine with certainty whether global warming or cooling is occurring and, if so, at what rate. To the extent climate change causes changes in weather patterns, our properties in certain markets and regions could experience increases in storm intensity and rising sea levels. Over time, these conditions could result in volatile or decreased demand for retail space at certain of our Properties or, in extreme cases, our inability to operate the Properties at all. Climate change may also have indirect effects on our business by increasing the cost of (or making unavailable) insurance on favorable terms and increasing the cost of energy and snow removal at our Properties. Moreover, compliance with new laws or regulations related to climate change, including compliance with "green" building codes, may require us to make improvements to our existing Properties or increase taxes and fees assessed on us or our Properties. At this time, there can be no assurance that climate change will not have a material adverse effect on us.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESS AND THE MARKET FOR OUR STOCK
The loss of one or more significant tenants, due to bankruptcies or as a result of consolidations in the retail industry, could adversely affect both the operating revenues and value of our Properties.
We could be adversely affected by the bankruptcy, early termination, sales performance, or closing of tenants and Anchors. Certain of our lease agreements include co-tenancy and/or sales-based kick-out provisions which allow a tenant to pay a reduced rent amount and, in certain instances, terminate the lease, if we fail to maintain certain occupancy levels or retain specified named Anchors, or if the tenant does not achieve certain specified sales targets. If occupancy or tenant sales do not meet or fall below certain thresholds, rents we are entitled to receive from our retail tenants could be reduced. The bankruptcy of a tenant could result in the termination of its lease, which would lower the amount of cash generated by that Property. Replacing tenants with better performing, emerging retailers may take longer than our historical experience of re-tenanting due to their lack of infrastructure and limited experience in opening stores as well as the significant competition for such emerging brands. In addition, if a department store operating as an Anchor at one of our Properties were to cease operating, we may experience difficulty and delay and incur significant expense in replacing the Anchor, re-tenanting, or otherwise re-merchandising the use of the Anchor space. In addition, the Anchor’s closing may lead to reduced customer traffic and lower mall tenant sales. As a result, we may also experience difficulty or delay in leasing spaces in areas adjacent to the vacant Anchor space. The early termination or closing of tenants or Anchors for reasons other than bankruptcy could have a similar impact on the operations of our Properties, although in the case of early terminations we may benefit in the short-term from lease termination income.
Most recently, certain traditional department stores have experienced challenges including limited opportunities for new investment/openings, declining sales, and store closures. Department stores' market share is declining, and their ability to drive traffic has substantially decreased. Despite our Malls traditionally being driven by department store Anchors, in the event of a need for replacement, it may be necessary to consider non-department store Anchors. Certain of these non-department store Anchors may demand higher allowances than a standard mall tenant due to the nature of the services/products they provide.
The market price of our common stock or other securities may fluctuate significantly.
The market price of our common stock or other securities may fluctuate significantly in response to many factors, including:

• | actual or anticipated variations in our operating results, FFO, cash flows or liquidity;

• | changes in our earnings estimates or those of analysts;

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• | changes in our dividend policy;

• | impairment charges affecting the carrying value of one or more of our Properties or other assets;

• | publication of research reports about us, the retail industry or the real estate industry generally;

• | increases in market interest rates that lead purchasers of our securities to seek higher dividend or interest rate yields;

• | changes in market valuations of similar companies;

• | adverse market reaction to the amount of our outstanding debt at any time, the amount of our maturing debt in the near and medium term and our ability to refinance such debt and the terms thereof or our plans to incur additional debt in the future;

• | additions or departures of key management personnel;

• | actions by institutional security holders;

• | proposed or adopted regulatory or legislative changes or developments;

• | speculation in the press or investment community;

• | changes in our credit ratings;

• | the occurrence of any of the other risk factors included in, or incorporated by reference in, this report; and

• | general market and economic conditions.

Many of the factors listed above are beyond our control. Those factors may cause the market price of our common stock or other securities to decline significantly, regardless of our financial performance and condition and prospects. It is impossible to provide any assurance that the market price of our common stock or other securities will not fall in the future, and it may be difficult for holders to sell such securities at prices they find attractive, or at all.
We are in a competitive business.
There are numerous shopping facilities that compete with our Properties in attracting retailers to lease space. Our ability to attract tenants to our Properties and lease space is important to our success, and difficulties in doing so can materially impact our Properties' performance. The existence of competing shopping centers could have a material adverse impact on our ability to develop or operate Properties, lease space to desirable Anchors and tenants, and on the level of rents that can be achieved. In addition, retailers at our Properties face continued competition from shopping through various means and channels, including via the internet, lifestyle centers, value and outlet centers, wholesale and discount shopping clubs, and television shopping networks. Competition of this type could adversely affect our revenues and cash available for distribution to shareholders.
As new technologies emerge, the relationship among customers, retailers, and shopping centers are evolving on a rapid basis and we may not be able to adapt to such new technologies and relationships on a timely basis. Our relative size may limit the capital and resources we are willing to allocate to invest in strategic technology to enhance the mall experience, which may make our Malls relatively less desirable to anchors, mall tenants, and consumers. Additionally, a small but increasing number of tenants utilize our Malls as showrooms or as part of an omni-channel strategy (allowing customers to shop seamlessly through various sales channels). As a result, customers may make purchases through other sales channels during or immediately after visiting our Malls, with such sales not being captured currently in our tenant sales figures or monetized in our minimum or overage rents.
We compete with other major real estate investors with significant capital for attractive investment opportunities. These competitors include other REITs, investment banking firms, and private and institutional investors, some of whom have greater financial resources or have different investment criteria than we do. In particular, there is competition to acquire, develop, or redevelop highly productive retail properties. This could become even more severe as competitors gain size and economies of scale as a result of merger and consolidation activity. This competition may impair our ability to acquire, develop, or redevelop suitable properties, and to attract key retailers, on favorable terms in the future.
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Increased operating expenses, decreased occupancy rates and tenants converting to gross leases may not allow us to recover the majority of our CAM, real estate taxes and other operating expenses from our tenants, which could adversely affect our financial position, results of operations and funds available for future distributions.
Energy costs, repairs, maintenance and capital improvements to common areas of our Properties, janitorial services, administrative, property and liability insurance costs and security costs are typically allocable to our Properties' tenants. Our lease agreements typically provide that the tenant is liable for a portion of the CAM and other operating expenses. While historically our lease agreements provided for variable CAM provisions, the majority of our current leases require an equal periodic tenant reimbursement amount for our cost recoveries which serves to fix our tenants' CAM contributions to us. In these cases, a tenant will pay a fixed amount, or a set expense reimbursement amount, subject to annual increases, regardless of the actual amount of operating expenses. The tenant's payment remains the same regardless of whether operating expenses increase or decrease, causing us to be responsible for any excess amounts or to benefit from any declines. As a result, the CAM and tenant reimbursements that we receive may or may not allow us to recover a substantial portion of these operating costs.
There is also a trend of more tenants moving to gross leases, which provide that the tenant pays a single specified amount, with no additional payments for reimbursements of the tenant's portion of operating expenses. As a result, we are responsible for any increases in operating expenses, and benefit from any decreases in operating expenses.
Additionally, in the event that our Properties are not fully occupied, we would be required to pay the portion of any operating, redevelopment or renovation expenses allocable to the vacant space(s) that would otherwise typically be paid by the residing tenant(s). Our cost recovery ratio was 89.4% for 2018.
Our Properties may be subject to impairment charges, which could impact our compliance with certain debt covenants and could otherwise adversely affect our financial results.
We monitor events or changes in circumstances that could indicate the carrying value of a long-lived asset may not be recoverable. When indicators of potential impairment are present that suggest that the carrying amounts of a long-lived asset may not be recoverable, we assess the recoverability of the asset by determining whether the asset’s carrying value will be recovered through the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected from our probability weighted use of the asset and its eventual disposition. In the event that such undiscounted future cash flows do not exceed the carrying value, we adjust the carrying value of the long-lived asset to its estimated fair value and recognize an impairment loss. The estimated fair value is calculated based on the following information, in order of preference, depending upon availability: (Level 1) recently quoted market prices, (Level 2) market prices for comparable properties, or (Level 3) the present value of future cash flows, including estimated salvage value. Certain of our long-lived assets may be carried at more than an amount that could be realized in a current disposition transaction. Projections of expected future operating cash flows require that we estimate future market rental income amounts subsequent to expiration of current lease agreements, property operating expenses, the number of months it takes to re-lease the Property, and the number of years the Property is held for investment, among other factors. As these assumptions are subject to economic and market uncertainties, they are difficult to predict and are subject to future events that may alter the assumptions used or management’s estimates of future possible outcomes. Therefore, the future cash flows estimated in our impairment analyses may not be achieved. Further, while the Company has not experienced any non-compliance with debt covenants as a result of the impairment analyses described above, it is possible that future reductions in the carrying value of our assets as a result of such analyses could impact our continued compliance with certain of our debt covenants that require us to maintain specified ratios of total debt to total assets, secured debt to total assets and total unencumbered assets to total debt. During 2018, we recorded a loss on impairment of real estate totaling $174.5 million, which primarily related to four malls. See Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements for further details.
Inflation or deflation may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
Increased inflation could have a pronounced negative impact on our mortgage and debt interest and general and administrative expenses, as these costs could increase at a rate higher than our rents. Also, inflation may cause operating expenses to rise and adversely affect tenant leases with stated rent increases, which could be lower than the increase in inflation at any given time. Inflation could also have an adverse effect on consumer spending which could impact our tenants' sales and, in turn, our percentage rents, where applicable.
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Deflation can result in a decline in general price levels, often caused by a decrease in the supply of money or credit. The predominant effects of deflation are high unemployment, credit contraction and weakened consumer demand. Restricted lending practices could impact our ability to obtain financings or refinancings for our Properties and our tenants' ability to obtain credit. Decreases in consumer demand can have a direct impact on our tenants and the rents we receive.
We have experienced cybersecurity attacks that, to date, have not had a material impact on our financial results, but it is not possible to predict the impact of future incidents that may involve security breaches through cyber-attacks, cyber intrusions or otherwise, as well as other significant disruptions of our information technology ("IT") networks and related systems, which could harm our business by disrupting our operations and compromising or corrupting confidential information, which could adversely impact our financial condition.
We rely on IT systems and network infrastructure, including the Internet, to process, transmit and store electronic information and to manage or support a variety of our business processes, including financial transactions and maintenance of records. The risk of a security breech or disruption, particularly through cyber-attack or cyber intrusion, including by computer hackers, foreign governments and cyber terrorists, has generally increased as the number, intensity and sophistication of attempted attacks and intrusions from around the world have increased. Our IT networks and related systems and infrastructure are essential to the operation of our business and our ability to perform day-to-day operations (including managing our building systems) and, in some cases, may be critical to the operations of certain of our tenants. Cyber-attacks targeting our infrastructure could result in a full or partial disruption of our operations, as well as those of our tenants. Certain of these resources are provided to us and/or maintained on our behalf by third-party service providers pursuant to agreements that specify to varying degrees certain security and service level standards. Although we and our service providers have implemented processes, procedures and controls to help mitigate these risks, we cannot guarantee that these security efforts and measures, as well as our increased awareness of the risk of cyber incidents, will be effective at preventing or detecting any attempted or actual security breaches or that disruptions caused by any such breaches or attempted breaches will not be successful or damaging to us or others. Even the most well protected information, networks, systems and facilities remain potentially vulnerable because the techniques used in such attempted security breaches evolve and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, and in some cases are designed not to be detected and, in fact, may not be detected. Accordingly, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or to implement adequate security barriers or other preventative measures, and thus it is impossible for us to entirely mitigate this risk.
A security breach or other significant disruption involving our IT networks and related systems could occur due to a virus or other harmful circumstance, intentional penetration or disruption of our information technology resources by a third party, natural disaster, hardware or software corruption or failure or error or poor product or vendor/developer selection (including a failure of security controls incorporated into or applied to such hardware or software), telecommunications system failure, service provider error or failure, intentional or unintentional personnel actions (including the failure to follow our security protocols), or lost connectivity to our networked resources. Such occurrences could disrupt the proper functioning of our networks and systems; result in disruption of business operations and loss of service to our tenants and customers; result in significantly decreased revenues; result in increased costs associated in obtaining and maintaining cybersecurity investigations and testing, as well as implementing protective measures and systems; result in increased insurance premiums and operating costs; result in misstated financial reports and/or missed reporting deadlines; result in our inability to properly monitor our compliance with the rules and regulations regarding our qualification as a REIT; result in the unauthorized access to, and destruction, loss, theft, misappropriation or release of proprietary, confidential, sensitive or otherwise valuable information of ours or others, which others could use to compete against us or for disruptive, destructive or otherwise harmful purposes and outcomes; result in our inability to maintain the building systems relied upon by our tenants for the efficient use of their leased space; require significant management attention and resources to remedy any damages that result; subject us to claims for breach of contract, damages, credits, penalties or termination of leases or other agreements; subject us to regulatory investigations and actions; cause harm to our competitive position and business value; and damage our reputation among our tenants and investors generally. Moreover, cyber-attacks perpetrated against our Anchors and tenants, including unauthorized access to customers’ credit card data and other confidential information, could subject us to significant litigation, liability and costs, adversely impact our reputation, or diminish consumer confidence and consumer spending and negatively impact our business.
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Certain agreements with prior owners of Properties that we have acquired may inhibit our ability to enter into future sale or refinancing transactions affecting such Properties, which otherwise would be in the best interests of the Company and our stockholders.
Certain Properties that we originally acquired from third parties had unrealized gain attributable to the difference between the fair market value of such Properties and the third parties' adjusted tax basis in the Properties immediately prior to their contribution of such Properties to the Operating Partnership pursuant to our acquisition. For this reason, a taxable sale by us of any of such Properties, or a significant reduction in the debt encumbering such Properties, could result in adverse tax consequences to the third parties who contributed these Properties in exchange for interests in the Operating Partnership. Under the terms of these transactions, we have generally agreed that we either will not sell or refinance such an acquired Property for a number of years in any transaction that would trigger adverse tax consequences for the parties from whom we acquired such Property, or else we will reimburse such parties for all or a portion of the additional taxes they are required to pay as a result of the transaction. Accordingly, these agreements may cause us not to engage in future sale or refinancing transactions affecting such Properties which otherwise would be in the best interests of the Company and our stockholders, or may increase the costs to us of engaging in such transactions.
Declines in economic conditions, including increased volatility in the capital and credit markets, could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
An economic recession can result in extreme volatility and disruption of our capital and credit markets. The resulting economic environment may be affected by dramatic declines in the stock and housing markets, increases in foreclosures, unemployment and costs of living, as well as limited access to credit. This economic situation can, and most often will, impact consumer spending levels, which can result in decreased revenues for our tenants and related decreases in the values of our Properties. A sustained economic downward trend could impact our tenants' ability to meet their lease obligations due to poor operating results, lack of liquidity, bankruptcy or other reasons. Our ability to lease space and negotiate rents at advantageous rates could also be affected in this type of economic environment. Additionally, access to capital and credit markets could be disrupted over an extended period, which may make it difficult to obtain the financing we may need for future growth and/or to meet our debt service obligations as they mature. Any of these events could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Uninsured losses could adversely affect our financial condition, and in the future our insurance may not include coverage for acts of terrorism.
We carry a comprehensive blanket policy for general liability, property casualty (including fire, earthquake and flood) and rental loss covering all of the Properties, with specifications and insured limits customarily carried for similar properties. However, even insured losses could result in a serious disruption to our business and delay our receipt of revenue. Furthermore, there are some types of losses, including lease and other contract claims, as well as some types of environmental losses, that generally are not insured or are not economically insurable. If an uninsured loss or a loss in excess of insured limits occurs, we could lose all or a portion of the capital we have invested in a Property, as well as the anticipated future revenues from the Property. If this happens, we, or the applicable Property's partnership, may still remain obligated under guarantees provided to the lender for any mortgage debt or other financial obligations related to the Property.
The general liability and property casualty insurance policies on our Properties currently include coverage for losses resulting from acts of terrorism, as defined by TRIPRA. While we believe that the Properties are adequately insured in accordance with industry standards, the cost of general liability and property casualty insurance policies that include coverage for acts of terrorism has risen significantly subsequent to September 11, 2001. The cost of coverage for acts of terrorism is currently mitigated by the Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (“TRIA”). In January 2015, Congress reinstated TRIA under the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2015 ("TRIPRA") and extended the program through December 31, 2020. Under TRIPRA, the amount of terrorism-related insurance losses triggering the federal insurance threshold will be raised from$180 million in 2019 to $200 million in 2020. Additionally, the bill increases insurers' co-payments for losses exceeding their deductibles, in annual steps, from 19% in 2019 to 20% in 2020. Each of these changes may have the effect of increasing the cost to insure against acts of terrorism for property owners, such as the Company, notwithstanding the other provisions of TRIPRA. Further, if TRIPRA is not continued beyond 2020 or is significantly modified, we may incur higher insurance costs and experience greater difficulty in obtaining insurance that covers terrorist-related damages. Our tenants may also have similar difficulties.
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RISKS RELATED TO DEBT AND FINANCIAL MARKETS
A deterioration of the capital and credit markets could adversely affect our ability to access funds and the capital needed to refinance debt or obtain new debt.
We are significantly dependent upon external financing to fund the growth of our business and ensure that we meet our debt servicing requirements. Our access to financing depends on the willingness of lending institutions to grant credit to us and conditions in the capital markets in general. An economic recession may cause extreme volatility and disruption in the capital and credit markets. We rely upon our largest credit facilities as sources of funding for numerous transactions. Our access to these funds is dependent upon the ability of each of the participants to the credit facilities to meet their funding commitments. When markets are volatile, access to capital and credit markets could be disrupted over an extended period of time and many financial institutions may not have the available capital to meet their previous commitments. The failure of one or more significant participants to our credit facilities to meet their funding commitments could have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. This may make it difficult to obtain the financing we may need for future growth and/or to meet our debt service obligations as they mature. Although we have successfully obtained debt for refinancings and retirement of our maturing debt, acquisitions and the construction of new developments in the past, we cannot make any assurances as to whether we will be able to obtain debt in the future, or that the financing options available to us will be on favorable or acceptable terms.
Our indebtedness is substantial and could impair our ability to obtain additional financing.
At December 31, 2018, our total share of consolidated and unconsolidated debt outstanding was approximately $4,597.5 million. Excluding unamortized deferred financing costs, our total share of consolidated and unconsolidated debt outstanding represented approximately 82.2% of our total market capitalization at December 31, 2018. Our total share of consolidated and unconsolidated debt maturing in 2019, 2020 and 2021 giving effect to all maturity extensions that are available at our election, was approximately $447.4 million, $438.7 million and $820.3 million, respectively. Additionally, we had $177.4 million of debt, at our share, which matured in 2017 and 2018, related to three non-recourse loans that were in default. Subsequent to December 31, 2018, the two loans secured by consolidated properties were extinguished when Acadiana Mall was transferred to the lender through a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure and Cary Towne Center was sold with proceeds going to the lender. See Note 6 and Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements for more information. Our leverage could have important consequences. For example, it could:

• | result in the acceleration of a significant amount of debt for non-compliance with the terms of such debt or, if such debt contains cross-default or cross-acceleration provisions, other debt;

• | result in the loss of assets due to foreclosure or sale on unfavorable terms, which could create taxable income without accompanying cash proceeds, which could hinder our ability to meet the REIT distribution requirements imposed by the Internal Revenue Code;

• | materially impair our ability to borrow unused amounts under existing financing arrangements or to obtain additional financing or refinancing on favorable terms or at all;

• | require us to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow to paying principal and interest on our indebtedness, reducing the cash flow available to fund our business, to pay dividends, including those necessary to maintain our REIT qualification, or to use for other purposes;

• | increase our vulnerability to an economic downturn;

• | limit our ability to withstand competitive pressures; or

• | reduce our flexibility to respond to changing business and economic conditions.

If any of the foregoing occurs, our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects could be materially and adversely affected, and the trading price of our common stock or other securities could decline significantly.
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Rising interest rates could both increase our borrowing costs, thereby adversely affecting our cash flows and the amounts available for distributions to our stockholders, and decrease our stock price, if investors seek higher yields through other investments.
An environment of rising interest rates could lead holders of our securities to seek higher yields through other investments, which could adversely affect the market price of our stock. One of the factors that may influence the price of our stock in public markets is the annual distribution rate we pay as compared with the yields on alternative investments. Numerous other factors, such as governmental regulatory action and tax laws, could have a significant impact on the future market price of our stock. In addition, increases in market interest rates could result in increased borrowing costs for us, which may adversely affect our cash flow and the amounts available for distributions to our stockholders.
As of December 31, 2018, our total share of consolidated and unconsolidated variable-rate debt was $1,055.7 million. Increases in interest rates will increase our cash interest payments on the variable-rate debt we have outstanding from time to time. If we do not have sufficient cash flow from operations, we might not be able to make all required payments of principal and interest on our debt, which could result in a default or have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations, and which might adversely affect our cash flow and our ability to make distributions to shareholders. These significant debt payment obligations might also require us to use a significant portion of our cash flow from operations to make interest and principal payments on our debt rather than for other purposes such as working capital, capital expenditures or distributions on our common equity.
It is also important to note that our variable-rate debt uses LIBOR as a benchmark for establishing the rate. LIBOR is the subject of recent national, international and other regulatory guidance and proposals for reform. These reforms and other pressures may cause LIBOR to disappear entirely or to perform differently than in the past. The consequences of these developments cannot be entirely predicted, but could include an increase in the cost of our variable-rate debt.
Adverse changes in our credit ratings could negatively affect our borrowing costs and financing ability.
As of December 31, 2018, we had credit ratings of Ba1 from Moody's Investors Service ("Moody’s"), BB+ from Standard & Poor's Rating Services ("S&P") and BB- from Fitch Ratings ("Fitch"), which are based on credit ratings for the Operating Partnership's unsecured long-term indebtedness. There can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain these ratings.
In 2013, we made a one-time irrevocable election to use our credit ratings, as defined above, to determine the interest rate on our three unsecured credit facilities and two unsecured term loans. As of December 31, 2018, borrowings under our three unsecured credit facilities bore interest at LIBOR plus 155 basis points and our unsecured term loans bore interest at LIBOR plus 175 and 200 basis points, respectively, based on the credit ratings noted above. A downgrade in our credit ratings may adversely impact our ability to obtain financing and limit our access to capital.
Subsequent to December 31, 2018, we replaced our unsecured credit facilities and unsecured term loans with a new $1.185 billion secured facility with 16 banks, comprised of a $685 million secured line of credit and a $500 million secured term loan, which bear interest at a variable rate of LIBOR plus 225 basis points. The interest rate of the new facility is not dependent on our credit ratings. See Liquidity and Capital Resources section and Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.
Our hedging arrangements might not be successful in limiting our risk exposure, and we might be required to incur expenses in connection with these arrangements or their termination that could harm our results of operations or financial condition.
From time to time, we use interest rate hedging arrangements to manage our exposure to interest rate volatility, but these arrangements might expose us to additional risks, such as requiring that we fund our contractual payment obligations under such arrangements in relatively large amounts or on short notice. Developing an effective interest rate risk strategy is complex, and no strategy can completely insulate us from risks associated with interest rate fluctuations. We cannot assure you that our hedging activities will have a positive impact on our results of operations or financial condition. We might be subject to additional costs, such as transaction fees or breakage costs, if we terminate these arrangements. In addition, although our interest rate risk management policy establishes minimum credit ratings for counterparties, this does not eliminate the risk that a counterparty might fail to honor its obligations.
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The covenants in our credit facilities and in the Notes might adversely affect us.
Our credit facilities, as well as the terms of the Notes, require us to satisfy certain affirmative and negative covenants and to meet numerous financial tests, and also contain certain default and cross-default provisions as described in more detail in Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements. Our credit facilities also restrict our ability to enter into any transaction that could result in certain changes in our ownership or structure as described under the heading “Change of Control/Change in Management” in the agreements for the credit facilities.
The financial covenants under the unsecured credit facilities required, among other things, that our debt to total asset value ratio, as defined in the agreements to our unsecured credit facilities, be less than 60%, that our ratio of unsecured indebtedness to unencumbered asset value, as defined, be less than 60%, that our ratio of unencumbered NOI to unsecured interest expense, as defined, be greater than 1.75, and that our ratio of earnings before EBITDA to fixed charges (debt service), as defined, be greater than 1.5. The financial covenants under the Notes also require, among other things, that our debt to total assets, as defined in the indenture governing the Notes, be less than 60%, that our ratio of total unencumbered assets to unsecured indebtedness, as defined, be greater than 150%, and that our ratio of consolidated income available for debt service to annual debt service charges, as defined, be greater than 1.5. For the 2023 Notes and the 2024 Notes, the financial covenants require that our ratio of secured debt to total assets, as defined, be less than 45% (40% on and after January 1, 2020). The financial covenants require that our ratio of secured debt to total assets, as defined, be less than 40% for the 2026 Notes. Compliance with each of these ratios is dependent upon our financial performance. The debt to total asset value ratio is based, in part, on applying a capitalization rate to EBITDA as defined in the agreements governing our credit facilities. Based on this calculation method, decreases in EBITDA would result in an increased debt to total asset value ratio, assuming overall debt levels remain constant.
If any future failure to comply with one or more of these covenants resulted in the loss of these credit facilities or a default under the Notes and we were unable to obtain suitable replacement financing, such loss could have a material, adverse impact on our financial position and results of operations.
As noted above, subsequent to December 31, 2018, we replaced our unsecured credit facilities with a secured credit facility. The new credit facility contains financial covenants which are calculated in a manner consistent with those of the Notes. See Liquidity and Capital Resources section for a pro forma presentation of the new covenants.
RISKS RELATED TO THE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP'S NOTES
CBL has no significant operations and no material assets other than its indirect investment in the Operating Partnership; therefore, the limited guarantee of the Notes does not provide material additional credit support.
The limited guarantee provides that the Notes are guaranteed by CBL for any losses suffered by reason of fraud or willful misrepresentation by the Operating Partnership or its affiliates. However, CBL has no significant operations and no material assets other than its indirect investment in the Operating Partnership. Furthermore, the limited guarantee of the Notes is effectively subordinated to all existing and future liabilities and preferred equity of the Company's subsidiaries (including the Operating Partnership (except as to the Notes) and any entity the Company accounts for under the equity method of accounting) and any of the Company's secured debt, to the extent of the value of the assets securing any such indebtedness. Due to the narrow scope of the limited guarantee, the lack of significant operations or assets at CBL other than its indirect investment in the Operating Partnership and the structural subordination of the limited guarantee to the liabilities and any preferred equity of the Company's subsidiaries, the limited guarantee does not provide material additional credit support.
Our substantial indebtedness could materially and adversely affect us and the ability of the Operating Partnership to meet its debt service obligations under the Notes.
Our level of indebtedness and the limitations imposed on us by our debt agreements could have significant adverse consequences to holders of the Notes, including the following:

• | our cash flow may be insufficient to meet our debt service obligations with respect to the Notes and our other indebtedness, which would enable the lenders and other debtholders to accelerate the maturity of their indebtedness, or be insufficient to fund other important business uses after meeting such obligations;

• | we may be unable to borrow additional funds as needed or on favorable terms;

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• | we may be unable to refinance our indebtedness at maturity or earlier acceleration, if applicable, or the refinancing terms may be less favorable than the terms of our original indebtedness or otherwise be generally unfavorable;

• | because a significant portion of our debt bears interest at variable rates, increases in interest rates could materially increase our interest expense;

• | increases in interest rates could also materially increase our interest expense on future fixed rate debt;

• | we may be forced to dispose of one or more of our Properties, possibly on disadvantageous terms;

• | we may default on our other unsecured indebtedness;

• | we may default on our secured indebtedness and the lenders may foreclose on our Properties or our interests in the entities that own the Properties that secure such indebtedness and receive an assignment of rents and leases; and

• | we may violate restrictive covenants in our debt agreements, which would entitle the lenders and other debtholders to accelerate the maturity of their indebtedness.

If any one of these events were to occur, our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects, as well as the Operating Partnership's ability to satisfy its obligations with respect to the Notes, could be materially and adversely affected. Furthermore, foreclosures could create taxable income without accompanying cash proceeds, a circumstance which could hinder the Company's ability to meet the REIT distribution requirements imposed by the Internal Revenue Code.
The structural subordination of the Notes may limit the Operating Partnership's ability to meet its debt service obligations under the Notes.
The Notes are the Operating Partnership's unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness and rank equally with the Operating Partnership's existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness, and are effectively junior to all liabilities and any preferred equity of the Operating Partnership's subsidiaries and to all of the Operating Partnership's indebtedness that is secured by the Operating Partnership's assets, to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness. While the indenture governing the Notes limits our ability to incur additional secured indebtedness in the future, it will not prohibit us from incurring such indebtedness if we are in compliance with certain financial ratios and other requirements at the time of its incurrence. In the event of a bankruptcy, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or similar proceeding with respect to us, the holders of any secured indebtedness will, subject to obtaining relief from the automatic stay under section 362 of the Bankruptcy Code, be entitled to proceed directly against the collateral that secures the secured indebtedness. Therefore, such collateral generally will not be available for satisfaction of any amounts owed under our unsecured indebtedness, including the Notes, until such secured indebtedness is satisfied in full.
The Notes also are effectively subordinated to all liabilities, whether secured or unsecured, and any preferred equity of the subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership. In the event of a bankruptcy, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or similar proceeding with respect to any such subsidiary, the Operating Partnership, as an equity owner of such subsidiary, and therefore holders of our debt, including the Notes, will be subject to the prior claims of such subsidiary's creditors, including trade creditors, and preferred equity holders. Furthermore, while the indenture governing the Notes limits the ability of our subsidiaries to incur additional unsecured indebtedness in the future, it does not prohibit our subsidiaries from incurring such indebtedness if such subsidiaries are in compliance with certain financial ratios and other requirements at the time of its incurrence.
We may not be able to generate sufficient cash flow to meet our debt service obligations.
Our ability to meet our debt service obligations on, and to refinance, our indebtedness, including the Notes, and to fund our operations, working capital, acquisitions, capital expenditures and other important business uses, depends on our ability to generate sufficient cash flow in the future. To a certain extent, our cash flow is subject to general economic, industry, financial, competitive, operating, legislative, regulatory and other factors, many of which are beyond our control.
We cannot be certain that our business will generate sufficient cash flow from operations or that future sources of cash will be available to us in an amount sufficient to enable us to meet our debt service obligations on our indebtedness, including the Notes, or to fund our other important business uses. Additionally, if we incur additional indebtedness in connection with future acquisitions or development projects or for any other purpose, our debt service
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obligations could increase significantly and our ability to meet those obligations could depend, in large part, on the returns from such acquisitions or projects, as to which no assurance can be given.
We may need to refinance all or a portion of our indebtedness, including the Notes, at or prior to maturity. Our ability to refinance our indebtedness or obtain additional financing will depend on, among other things:

• | our financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects and market conditions at the time; and

• | restrictions in the agreements governing our indebtedness.

As a result, we may not be able to refinance any of our indebtedness, including the Notes, on favorable terms, or at all.
If we do not generate sufficient cash flow from operations, and additional borrowings or refinancings are not available to us, we may be unable to meet all of our debt service obligations, including payments on the Notes. As a result, we would be forced to take other actions to meet those obligations, such as selling Properties, raising equity or delaying capital expenditures, any of which could have a material adverse effect on us. Furthermore, we cannot be certain that we will be able to effect any of these actions on favorable terms, or at all.
Despite our substantial outstanding indebtedness, we may still incur significantly more indebtedness in the future, which would exacerbate any or all of the risks described above.
We may be able to incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future. Although the agreements governing our revolving credit facilities, term loans and certain other indebtedness do, and the indenture governing the Notes does, limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness, these restrictions are subject to a number of qualifications and exceptions and, under certain circumstances, debt incurred in compliance with these restrictions could be substantial. To the extent that we incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future, the risks associated with our substantial leverage described above, including our inability to meet our debt service obligations, would be exacerbated.
Federal and state statutes allow courts, under specific circumstances, to void guarantees and require holders of indebtedness and lenders to return payments received from guarantors.
Under the federal bankruptcy law and comparable provisions of state fraudulent transfer laws, a guarantee, such as the limited guarantee provided by CBL or any future guarantee of the Notes issued by any subsidiary of the Operating Partnership, could be voided and required to be returned to the guarantor, or to a fund for the benefit of the creditors of the guarantor, if, among other things, the guarantor, at the time it incurred the indebtedness evidenced by its guarantee (i) received less than reasonably equivalent value or fair consideration for the incurrence of the guarantee and (ii) one of the following was true with respect to the guarantor:

• | the guarantor was insolvent or rendered insolvent by reason of the incurrence of the guarantee;

• | the guarantor was engaged in a business or transaction for which the guarantor's remaining assets constituted unreasonably small capital; or

• | the guarantor intended to incur, or believed that it would incur, debts beyond its ability to pay those debts as they mature.

In addition, any claims in respect of a guarantee could be subordinated to all other debts of that guarantor under principles of "equitable subordination," which generally require that the claimant must have engaged in some type of inequitable conduct, the misconduct must have resulted in injury to the creditors of the debtor or conferred an unfair advantage on the claimant, and equitable subordination must not be inconsistent with other provisions of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code.
The measures of insolvency for purposes of these fraudulent transfer laws will vary depending upon the law applied in any proceeding to determine whether a fraudulent transfer has occurred. Generally, however, a guarantor would be considered insolvent if:

• | the sum of its debts, including contingent liabilities, was greater than the fair saleable value of all of its assets;

• | the present fair saleable value of its assets was less than the amount that would be required to pay its probable liability on its existing debts, including contingent liabilities, as they became absolute and mature; or

• | it could not pay its debts as they become due.

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The court might also void such guarantee, without regard to the above factors, if it found that a guarantor entered into its guarantee with actual or deemed intent to hinder, delay, or defraud its creditors.
A court would likely find that a guarantor did not receive reasonably equivalent value or fair consideration for its guarantee unless it benefited directly or indirectly from the issuance or incurrence of such indebtedness. This risk may be increased if any subsidiary of the Operating Partnership guarantees the Notes in the future, as no additional consideration would be received at the time such guarantee is issued. If a court voided such guarantee, holders of the indebtedness and lenders would no longer have a claim against such guarantor or the benefit of the assets of such guarantor constituting collateral that purportedly secured such guarantee. In addition, the court might direct holders of the indebtedness and lenders to repay any amounts already received from a guarantor.
The indenture governing the Notes contains restrictive covenants that may restrict our ability to expand or fully pursue certain of our business strategies.
The indenture governing the Notes contains financial and operating covenants that, among other things, restrict our ability to take specific actions, even if we believe them to be in our best interest, including, subject to various exceptions, restrictions on our ability to:

• | consummate a merger, consolidation or sale of all or substantially all of our assets; and

• | incur secured and unsecured indebtedness.

In addition, our revolving credit facilities, term loans and certain other debt agreements require us to meet specified financial ratios and the indenture governing the Notes requires us to maintain at all times a specified ratio of unencumbered assets to unsecured debt. These covenants may restrict our ability to expand or fully pursue our business strategies. Our ability to comply with these and other provisions of the indenture governing the Notes, our revolving credit facility and certain other debt agreements may be affected by changes in our operating and financial performance, changes in general business and economic conditions, adverse regulatory developments or other events beyond our control.
The breach of any of these covenants could result in a default under our indebtedness, which could result in the acceleration of the maturity of such indebtedness. If any of our indebtedness is accelerated prior to maturity, we may not be able to repay such indebtedness or refinance such indebtedness on favorable terms, or at all.
There is no prior public market for the Notes, so if an active trading market does not develop or is not maintained for the Notes, holders of the Notes may not be able to resell them on favorable terms when desired, or at all.
Prior to the offering of each of the 2023 Notes, the 2024 Notes and the 2026 Notes, there was no public market for such Notes and we cannot be certain that an active trading market will ever develop for the Notes or, if one develops, will be maintained. Furthermore, we do not intend to apply for listing of the Notes on any securities exchange or for the inclusion of the Notes on any automated dealer quotation system. The underwriters informed us that they intend to make a market in the Notes. However, the underwriters may cease their market making at any time without notice to or the consent of existing holders of the Notes. The lack of a trading market could adversely affect a holder's ability to sell the Notes when desired, or at all, and the price at which a holder may be able to sell the Notes. The liquidity of the trading market, if any, and future trading prices of the Notes will depend on many factors, including, among other things, prevailing interest rates, our financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects, the market for similar securities and the overall securities market, and may be adversely affected by unfavorable changes in these factors. It is possible that the market for the Notes will be subject to disruptions which may have a negative effect on the holders of the Notes, regardless of our financial condition, liquidity, results of operations or prospects.
RISKS RELATED TO GEOGRAPHIC CONCENTRATIONS
Since our Properties are located principally in the southeastern and midwestern United States, our financial position, results of operations and funds available for distribution to shareholders are subject generally to economic conditions in these regions and, in particular, to adverse economic developments affecting the operating results of Properties in our five largest markets.
Our Properties are located principally in the southeastern and midwestern United States. Our Properties located in the southeastern United States accounted for approximately 49.3% of our total revenues from all Properties for the year ended December 31, 2018 and currently include 31 malls, 12 associated centers, 7 community centers and 4 office buildings. Our Properties located in the midwestern United States accounted for approximately 26.9% of our total revenues from all Properties for the year ended December 31, 2018 and currently include 19 malls,
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2 associated centers and 1 self-storage facility. Further, the Properties located in our five largest metropolitan area markets - St. Louis, MO; Chattanooga, TN; Laredo, TX; Lexington, KY; and Madison, WI - accounted for approximately 6.3%, 5.0%, 3.8%, 3.8% and 3.4%, respectively, of our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2018. No other market accounted for more than 3.0% of our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Our results of operations and funds available for distribution to shareholders therefore will be impacted generally by economic conditions in the southeastern and midwestern United States, and particularly by the results experienced at Properties located in our five largest market areas. While we already have Properties located in six states across the southwestern, northeastern and western regions, we will continue to look for opportunities to geographically diversify our portfolio in order to minimize dependency on any particular region; however, the expansion of the portfolio through both acquisitions and developments is contingent on many factors including consumer demand, competition and economic conditions.
RISKS RELATED TO DIVIDENDS
We may change the dividend policy for our common stock in the future.
Depending upon our liquidity needs, we reserve the right to pay any or all of a dividend in a combination of cash and shares of common stock, to the extent permitted by any applicable revenue procedures of the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS"). In the event that we pay a portion of our dividends in shares of our common stock pursuant to such procedures, taxable U.S. stockholders would be required to pay tax on the entire amount of the dividend, including the portion paid in shares of common stock, in which case such stockholders may have to use cash from other sources to pay such tax. If a U.S. stockholder sells the common stock it receives as a dividend in order to pay its taxes, the sales proceeds may be less than the amount included in income with respect to the dividend, depending on the market price of our common stock at the time of the sale. Furthermore, with respect to non-U.S. stockholders, we may be required to withhold federal tax with respect to our dividends, including dividends that are paid in common stock. In addition, if a significant number of our stockholders sell shares of our common stock in order to pay taxes owed on dividends, such sales would put downward pressure on the market price of our common stock.
The decision to declare and pay dividends on our common stock in the future, as well as the timing, amount and composition of any such future dividends, will be at the sole discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on our earnings, taxable income, FFO, liquidity, financial condition, capital requirements, contractual prohibitions or other limitations under our indebtedness and preferred stock, the annual distribution requirements under the REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, Delaware law and such other factors as our Board of Directors deems relevant. Any dividends payable will be determined by our Board of Directors based upon the circumstances at the time of declaration. Any change in our dividend policy could have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.
Since we conduct substantially all of our operations through our Operating Partnership, our ability to pay dividends on our common and preferred stock depends on the distributions we receive from our Operating Partnership.
Because we conduct substantially all of our operations through our Operating Partnership, our ability to service our debt obligations, as well as our ability to pay dividends on our common and preferred stock will depend almost entirely upon the earnings and cash flows of the Operating Partnership and the ability of the Operating Partnership to make distributions to us on our ownership interests in our Operating Partnership. Under the Delaware Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act, the Operating Partnership is prohibited from making any distribution to us to the extent that at the time of the distribution, after giving effect to the distribution, all liabilities of the Operating Partnership (other than some non-recourse liabilities and some liabilities to the partners) exceed the fair value of the assets of the Operating Partnership.
Additionally, the terms of the secured credit facility that the Operating Partnership entered into on January 30, 2019, provides generally that distributions the Operating Partnership makes to us and the other partners in the Operating Partnership (i) may not exceed the greater of the amount necessary to maintain our status as a REIT or 95% of FFO, so long as there is no event of default (as defined), (ii) in the event of a default, may be restricted to the minimum amount necessary to maintain our status as a REIT and (iii) in the event of default for nonpayment of amounts due under the facility, the Operating Partnership may be prohibited from making any distributions. This in turn may limit our ability to make some types of payments, including payment of dividends to our stockholders. Any inability to make cash distributions from the Operating Partnership could jeopardize our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders for one or more dividend periods which, in turn, could jeopardize our ability to maintain qualification as a REIT.
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RISKS RELATED TO FEDERAL INCOME TAX LAWS
We conduct a portion of our business through taxable REIT subsidiaries, which are subject to certain tax risks.
We have established several taxable REIT subsidiaries including our Management Company. Despite our qualification as a REIT, our taxable REIT subsidiaries must pay income tax on their taxable income. In addition, we must comply with various tests to continue to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, and our income from and investments in our taxable REIT subsidiaries generally do not constitute permissible income and investments for these tests. While we will attempt to ensure that our dealings with our taxable REIT subsidiaries will not adversely affect our REIT qualification, we cannot provide assurance that we will successfully achieve that result. Furthermore, we may be subject to a 100% penalty tax, or our taxable REIT subsidiaries may be denied deductions, to the extent our dealings with our taxable REIT subsidiaries are not deemed to be arm's length in nature.
If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, our funds available for distribution to stockholders will be reduced.
We intend to continue to operate so as to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code. Although we believe that we are organized and operate in such a manner, no assurance can be given that we currently qualify and in the future will continue to qualify as a REIT. Such qualification involves the application of highly technical and complex Internal Revenue Code provisions for which there are only limited judicial or administrative interpretations. The determination of various factual matters and circumstances not entirely within our control may affect our ability to qualify. In addition, no assurance can be given that legislation, new regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions will not significantly change the tax laws with respect to qualification or its corresponding federal income tax consequences. Any such change could have a retroactive effect.
If in any taxable year we were to fail to qualify as a REIT, we would not be allowed a deduction for distributions to stockholders in computing our taxable income and we would be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates. Unless entitled to relief under certain statutory provisions, we also would be disqualified from treatment as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost. As a result, the funds available for distribution to our stockholders would be reduced for each of the years involved. This would likely have a significant adverse effect on the value of our securities and our ability to raise additional capital. In addition, we would no longer be required to make distributions to our stockholders. We currently intend to operate in a manner designed to qualify as a REIT. However, it is possible that future economic, market, legal, tax or other considerations may cause our Board of Directors, with the consent of a majority of our stockholders, to revoke the REIT election.
Any issuance or transfer of our capital stock to any person in excess of the applicable limits on ownership necessary to maintain our status as a REIT would be deemed void ab initio, and those shares would automatically be transferred to a non-affiliated charitable trust.
To maintain our status as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code, not more than 50% in value of our outstanding capital stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Internal Revenue Code to include certain entities) at any time during the last half of a taxable year. Our certificate of incorporation generally prohibits ownership of more than 6% of the outstanding shares of our capital stock by any single stockholder determined by vote, value or number of shares (other than Charles Lebovitz, Executive Chairman of our Board of Directors and our former Chief Executive Officer, David Jacobs, Richard Jacobs and their affiliates under the Internal Revenue Code's attribution rules). The affirmative vote of 66 2/3% of our outstanding voting stock is required to amend this provision.
Our Board of Directors may, subject to certain conditions, waive the applicable ownership limit upon receipt of a ruling from the IRS or an opinion of counsel to the effect that such ownership will not jeopardize our status as a REIT. Absent any such waiver, however, any issuance or transfer of our capital stock to any person in excess of the applicable ownership limit or any issuance or transfer of shares of such stock which would cause us to be beneficially owned by fewer than 100 persons, will be null and void and the intended transferee will acquire no rights to the stock. Instead, such issuance or transfer with respect to that number of shares that would be owned by the transferee in excess of the ownership limit provision would be deemed void ab initio and those shares would automatically be transferred to a trust for the exclusive benefit of a charitable beneficiary to be designated by us, with a trustee designated by us, but who would not be affiliated with us or with the prohibited owner. Any acquisition of our capital stock and continued holding or ownership of our capital stock constitutes, under our certificate of incorporation, a continuous representation of compliance with the applicable ownership limit.
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In order to maintain our status as a REIT and avoid the imposition of certain additional taxes under the Internal Revenue Code, we must satisfy minimum requirements for distributions to shareholders, which may limit the amount of cash we might otherwise have been able to retain for use in growing our business.
To maintain our status as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code, we generally will be required each year to distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our taxable income after certain adjustments. However, to the extent that we do not distribute all of our net capital gains or distribute at least 90% but less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, as adjusted, we will be subject to tax on the undistributed amount at regular corporate tax rates, as the case may be. Also, our cash flows from operations may be insufficient to fund required distributions as a result of differences in timing between the actual receipt of income and the payment of expenses and the recognition of income and expenses for federal income tax purposes, or the effect of nondeductible expenditures, such as capital expenditures, payments of compensation for which Section 162(m) of the Code denies a deduction, interest expense deductions limited by Section 163(j) of the Code, the creation of reserves or required debt service or amortization payments. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount, if any, by which certain distributions paid by us during each calendar year are less than the sum of 85% of our ordinary income for such calendar year, 95% of our capital gain net income for the calendar year and any amount of such income that was not distributed in prior years. In the case of property acquisitions, including our initial formation, where individual Properties are contributed to our Operating Partnership for Operating Partnership units, we have assumed the tax basis and depreciation schedules of the entities contributing Properties. The relatively low tax basis of such contributed Properties may have the effect of increasing the cash amounts we are required to distribute as dividends, thereby potentially limiting the amount of cash we might otherwise have been able to retain for use in growing our business. This low tax basis may also have the effect of reducing or eliminating the portion of distributions made by us that are treated as a non-taxable return of capital.
Complying with REIT requirements might cause us to forego otherwise attractive opportunities.
In order to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we must satisfy tests concerning, among other things, our sources of income, the nature of our assets, the amounts we distribute to our shareholders and the ownership of our stock. We may also be required to make distributions to our shareholders at disadvantageous times or when we do not have funds readily available for distribution. Thus, compliance with REIT requirements may cause us to forego opportunities we would otherwise pursue. In addition, the REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code impose a 100% tax on income from “prohibited transactions.” “Prohibited transactions” generally include sales of assets that constitute inventory or other property held for sale in the ordinary course of business, other than foreclosure property. This 100% tax could impact our desire to sell assets and other investments at otherwise opportune times if we believe such sales could be considered “prohibited transactions.”
Partnership tax audit rules could have a material adverse effect on us.
The Bipartisan Budget Act of 2015 changes the rules applicable to U.S. federal income tax audits of partnerships. Under the rules, among other changes and subject to certain exceptions, any audit adjustment to items of income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit of a partnership (and any partner's distributive share thereof) is determined, and taxes, interest, or penalties attributable thereto could be assessed and collected, at the partnership level. Absent available elections, it is possible that a partnership in which we directly or indirectly invest, could be required to pay additional taxes, interest and penalties as a result of an audit adjustment, and we, as a direct or indirect partner of these partnerships, could be required to bear the economic burden of those taxes, interest, and penalties even though we may not otherwise have been required to pay additional taxes had we owned the assets of the partnership directly. The partnership tax audit rules apply to the Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries that are classified as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes. The changes created by these rules are sweeping and, accordingly, there can be no assurance that these rules will not have a material adverse effect on us.
Recent legislation substantially modified the taxation of REITs and their shareholders, and the effects of such legislation and related regulatory action are uncertain.
On December 22, 2017, President Trump signed into law H.R. 1, informally titled the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “TCJA”). The TCJA makes major changes to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), including a number of provisions of the Code that affect the taxation of REITs and their stockholders. Among the changes made by the TCJA are permanently reducing the generally applicable corporate tax rate, generally
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reducing the tax rate applicable to individuals and other non-corporate taxpayers for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026, generally limiting the deduction for net business interest expense in excess of 30% of a business’s adjusted taxable income except for taxpayers that engage in certain real estate businesses and elect out of this rule (provided that such electing taxpayers must use an alternative depreciation system for certain property), eliminating or modifying certain previously allowed deductions (including substantially limiting interest deductibility and, for individuals, the deduction for non-business state and local taxes), and, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2017 and before January 1, 2026, providing for preferential rates of taxation through a deduction of up to 20% (subject to certain limitations) on most ordinary REIT dividends and certain trade or business income of non-corporate taxpayers. The TCJA also imposes new limitations on the deduction of net operating losses and requires us to recognize income for tax purposes no later than when we take it into account on our financial statements, which may result in us having to make additional taxable distributions to our stockholders in order to comply with REIT distribution requirements or avoid taxes on retained income and gains. The effect of the significant changes made by the TCJA is highly uncertain, and administrative guidance will be required in order to fully evaluate the effect of many provisions. The effect of any technical corrections with respect to the TCJA could have an adverse effect on us or our stockholders. Investors should consult their tax advisors regarding the implications of the TCJA on their investment in our capital stock.
In recent years, numerous legislative, judicial and administrative changes have been made to the U.S. federal income tax laws applicable to investments similar to an investment in our stock. Additional changes to tax laws are likely to continue in the future, and we cannot assure you that any such changes will not adversely affect the taxation of us or our stockholders. Any such changes could have an adverse effect on an investment in our stock or on the market value or the resale potential of our properties.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
The ownership limit described above, as well as certain provisions in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, amended and restated bylaws, and certain provisions of Delaware law, may hinder any attempt to acquire us.
There are certain provisions of Delaware law, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our Third Amended and Restated Bylaws (the "Bylaws"), and other agreements to which we are a party that may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a third party from making an acquisition proposal for us. These provisions may also inhibit a change in control that some, or a majority, of our stockholders might believe to be in their best interest or that could give our stockholders the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market prices for their shares. These provisions and agreements are summarized as follows:

• | The Ownership Limit – As described above, to maintain our status as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code, not more than 50% in value of our outstanding capital stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Internal Revenue Code to include certain entities) during the last half of a taxable year. Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation generally prohibits ownership of more than 6% of the outstanding shares of our capital stock by any single stockholder determined by value (other than Charles Lebovitz, David Jacobs, Richard Jacobs and their affiliates under the Internal Revenue Code's attribution rules). In addition to preserving our status as a REIT, the ownership limit may have the effect of precluding an acquisition of control of us without the approval of our Board of Directors.

• | Supermajority Vote Required for Removal of Directors - Historically, our governing documents have provided that stockholders can only remove directors for cause and only by a vote of 75% of the outstanding voting stock. In light of a ruling by the Delaware Court of Chancery in a proceeding not involving the Company, our Board of Directors approved an amendment to our Bylaws to delete the “for cause” limitation on removal of the Company’s directors, and, based on our Board of Directors' recommendation, our shareholders approved a similar amendment to our Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation at the Company’s 2016 annual meeting. As a result of such actions, shareholders will be able to remove directors with or without cause, but only by a vote of 75% of the outstanding voting stock. This provision makes it more difficult to change the composition of our Board of Directors and may have the effect of encouraging persons considering unsolicited tender offers or other unilateral takeover proposals to negotiate with our Board of Directors rather than pursue non-negotiated takeover attempts.

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• | Advance Notice Requirements for Stockholder Proposals – Our Bylaws establish advance notice procedures with regard to stockholder proposals relating to the nomination of candidates for election as directors or new business to be brought before meetings of our stockholders. These procedures generally require advance written notice of any such proposals, containing prescribed information, to be given to our Secretary at our principal executive offices not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the anniversary date of the prior year’s annual meeting. Alternatively, a stockholder (or group of stockholders) seeking to nominate candidates for election as directors pursuant to the proxy access provisions set forth in Section 2.8 of our Bylaws generally must provide advance written notice to our Secretary, containing information prescribed in the proxy access bylaw, not less than 120 days nor more than 150 days prior to the anniversary date of the prior year’s annual meeting.

• | Vote Required to Amend Bylaws – A vote of 66 2/3% of our outstanding voting stock (in addition to any separate approval that may be required by the holders of any particular class of stock) is necessary for stockholders to amend our Bylaws.

• | Delaware Anti-Takeover Statute – We are a Delaware corporation and are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. In general, Section 203 prevents an “interested stockholder” (defined generally as a person owning 15% or more of a company's outstanding voting stock) from engaging in a “business combination” (as defined in Section 203) with us for three years following the date that person becomes an interested stockholder unless:

(a) | before that person became an interested holder, our Board of Directors approved the transaction in which the interested holder became an interested stockholder or approved the business combination;

(b) | upon completion of the transaction that resulted in the interested stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the interested stockholder owns 85% of our voting stock outstanding at the time the transaction commenced (excluding stock held by directors who are also officers and by employee stock plans that do not provide employees with the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer); or

(c) | following the transaction in which that person became an interested stockholder, the business combination is approved by our Board of Directors and authorized at a meeting of stockholders by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least two-thirds of our outstanding voting stock not owned by the interested stockholder. Under Section 203, these restrictions also do not apply to certain business combinations proposed by an interested stockholder following the announcement or notification of certain extraordinary transactions involving us and a person who was not an interested stockholder during the previous three years or who became an interested stockholder with the approval of a majority of our directors, if that extraordinary transaction is approved or not opposed by a majority of the directors who were directors before any person became an interested stockholder in the previous three years or who were recommended for election or elected to succeed such directors by a majority of directors then in office.

Certain ownership interests held by members of our senior management may tend to create conflicts of interest between such individuals and the interests of the Company and our Operating Partnership.

• | Tax Consequences of the Sale or Refinancing of Certain Properties – Since certain of our Properties had unrealized gain attributable to the difference between the fair market value and adjusted tax basis in such Properties immediately prior to their contribution to the Operating Partnership, a taxable sale of any such Properties, or a significant reduction in the debt encumbering such Properties, could cause adverse tax consequences to the members of our senior management who owned interests in our predecessor entities. As a result, members of our senior management might not favor a sale of a Property or a significant reduction in debt even though such a sale or reduction could be beneficial to us and the Operating Partnership. Our Bylaws provide that any decision relating to the potential sale of any Property that would result in a disproportionately higher taxable income for members of our senior management than for us and our stockholders, or that would result in a significant reduction in such Property's debt, must be made by a majority of the independent directors of the Board of Directors. The Operating Partnership is required, in the case of such a sale, to distribute to its partners, at a minimum, all of the net cash proceeds from such sale up to an amount reasonably believed necessary to enable members of our senior management to pay any income tax liability arising from such sale.

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• | Interests in Other Entities; Policies of the Board of Directors – Certain Property tenants are affiliated with members of our senior management. Our Bylaws provide that any contract or transaction between us or the Operating Partnership and one or more of our directors or officers, or between us or the Operating Partnership and any other entity in which one or more of our directors or officers are directors or officers or have a financial interest, must be approved by our disinterested directors or stockholders after the material facts of the relationship or interest of the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to them. Our code of business conduct and ethics also contains provisions governing the approval of certain transactions involving the Company and employees (or immediate family members of employees, as defined therein) that are not subject to the provision of the Bylaws described above. Such transactions are also subject to the Company's related party transactions policy in the manner and to the extent detailed in the proxy statement filed with the SEC for the Company's 2018 annual meeting. Nevertheless, these affiliations could create conflicts between the interests of these members of senior management and the interests of the Company, our shareholders and the Operating Partnership in relation to any transactions between us and any of these entities.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Refer to Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in Item 7 for additional information pertaining to the Properties’ performance.
Malls
We owned a controlling interest in 59 Malls and non-controlling interests in 8 Malls as of December 31, 2018. The Malls are primarily located in middle markets and generally have strong competitive positions because they are the only, or the dominant, regional mall in their respective trade areas. The Malls are generally anchored by two or more anchors or junior anchors and a wide variety of mall stores. Anchor and junior anchor tenants own or lease their stores and non-anchor stores lease their locations.
We classify our regional Malls into three categories:

(1) | Stabilized Malls - Malls that have completed their initial lease-up and have been open for more than three complete calendar years.

(2) | Non-stabilized Malls - Malls that are in their initial lease-up phase. After three complete calendar years of operation, they are reclassified on January 1 of the fourth calendar year to the Stabilized Mall category. The Outlet Shoppes at Laredo was classified as a Non-stabilized Mall as of December 31, 2018. The Outlet Shoppes of the Bluegrass and The Outlet Shoppes at Laredo were classified as Non-stabilized Malls as of December 31, 2017.

(3) | Excluded Malls - We exclude Malls from our core portfolio if they fall in the following categories, for which operational metrics are excluded:

a. | Lender Malls - Properties for which we are working or intend to work with the lender on a restructure of the terms of the loan secured by the Property or convey the secured Property to the lender. Acadiana Mall, Cary Towne Center and Triangle Town Center were classified as Lender Malls as of December 31, 2018. In January 2019, Acadiana Mall was returned to the lender and Cary Towne Center was sold. Acadiana Mall was also classified as a Lender Mall as of December 31, 2017. Lender Malls are excluded from our same-center pool as decisions made while in discussions with the lender may lead to metrics that do not provide relevant information related to the condition of these Properties or they may be under cash management agreements with the respective servicers.

b. | Repositioning Malls - Malls that are currently being repositioned or where we have determined that the current format of the Property no longer represents the best use of the Property and we are in the process of evaluating alternative strategies for the Property. This may include major redevelopment or an alternative retail or non-retail format, or after evaluating alternative strategies for the Property, we may determine that the Property no longer meets our criteria for long-term investment. The steps taken to reposition these Properties, such as signing tenants to short-term leases, which are not

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included in occupancy percentages, or leasing to regional or local tenants, which typically do not report sales, may lead to metrics which do not provide relevant information related to the condition of these Properties. Therefore, traditional performance measures, such as occupancy percentages and leasing metrics, exclude Repositioning Malls. Hickory Point Mall was classified as a Repositioning Mall as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. Cary Towne Center was classified as a Repositioning Mall as of December 31, 2017 until its reclassification as a Lender Mall in 2018.

c. | Minority Interest Malls - Malls in which we have a 25% or less ownership interest. Triangle Town Center was classified in the Minority Interest Mall category as of December 31, 2017 until its reclassification as a Lender Mall in 2018. See Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements for more information on this unconsolidated affiliate.

We own the land underlying each Mall in fee simple interest, except for Brookfield Square, Cross Creek Mall, Dakota Square Mall, EastGate Mall, Meridian Mall, St. Clair Square, Stroud Mall and WestGate Mall. We lease all or a portion of the land at each of these Malls subject to long-term ground leases.
The following table sets forth certain information for each of the Malls as of December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands except for sales per square foot amounts):

Mall / Location |  | Year of Opening/ Acquisition |  | Year of Most Recent Expansion |  | Our Ownership |  | Total Center SF (1) |  | Total Mall Store GLA(2) |  | Mall Store Sales per Square Foot (3) |  | Percentage Mall Store GLA Leased (4) |  | Anchors & Junior Anchors (5)
TIER 1 Sales ≥ $375 or more per square foot
Coastal Grand (6) Myrtle Beach, SC |  | 2004 |  | 2007 |  | 50% |  | 1,036,848 |  |  | 341,149 |  |  | $ | 376 |  |  | 96% |  | Bed Bath & Beyond, Belk, Cinemark, Dick's Sporting Goods, Dillard's, H&M, JC Penney, Sears
CoolSprings Galleria (6) Nashville, TN |  | 1991 |  | 2015 |  | 50% |  | 1,165,821 |  |  | 430,475 |  |  | 612 |  |  | 98% |  | Belk Men's & Kid's, Belk Women's & Home, Dillard's, H&M, JC Penney, King's Dining & Entertainment, Macy's
Cross Creek Mall Fayetteville, NC |  | 1975/2003 |  | 2013 |  | 100% |  | 983,695 |  |  | 279,560 |  |  | 497 |  |  | 95% |  | Belk, H&M, JC Penney, Macy's, Sears
Fayette Mall Lexington, KY |  | 1971/2001 |  | 2014 |  | 100% |  | 1,158,185 |  |  | 459,908 |  |  | 553 |  |  | 91% |  | Dick's Sporting Goods, Dillard's, H&M, JC Penney, Macy's
Friendly Center and The Shops at Friendly (6) Greensboro, NC |  | 1957/ 2006/ 2007 |  | 2016 |  | 50% |  | 1,367,451 |  |  | 603,310 |  |  | 500 |  |  | 95% |  | Barnes & Noble, BB&T, Belk, Belk Home Store, The Grande Cinemas, Harris Teeter, Macy's, O2 Fitness (7), REI, Sears, Whole Foods
Hamilton Place Chattanooga, TN |  | 1987 |  | 2016 |  | 90% |  | 1,160,815 |  |  | 331,193 |  |  | 406 |  |  | 96% |  | Barnes & Noble, Belk for Men, Kids & Home, Belk for Women, Dillard's for Men, Kids & Home, Dillard's for Women, Forever 21, H&M, JC Penney, Sears (8)
Hanes Mall Winston-Salem, NC |  | 1975/2001 |  | 1990 |  | 100% |  | 1,435,259 |  |  | 468,557 |  |  | 380 |  |  | 97% |  | Belk, Dave & Buster's (9), Dillard's, Encore, H&M, JC Penney, Macy's, Sears

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Mall / Location |  | Year of Opening/ Acquisition |  | Year of Most Recent Expansion |  | Our Ownership |  | Total Center SF (1) |  | Total Mall Store GLA(2) |  | Mall Store Sales per Square Foot (3) |  | Percentage Mall Store GLA Leased (4) |  | Anchors & Junior Anchors (5)
Jefferson Mall Louisville, KY |  | 1978/2001 |  | 1999 |  | 100% |  | 783,639 |  |  | 225,078 |  |  | 382 |  |  | 95% |  | Dillard's, H&M, JC Penney, Round1 Bowling & Amusement, Ross Dress for Less, Sears
Mall del Norte Laredo, TX |  | 1977/2004 |  | 1993 |  | 100% |  | 1,199,361 |  |  | 388,478 |  |  | 450 |  |  | 94% |  | Beall's, Cinemark, Dillard's, Forever 21, H&M, House of Hoops by Foot Locker, JC Penney, Macy's, Macy's Home Store, Sears, TruFit Athletic Club (10)
Northwoods Mall North Charleston, SC |  | 1972/2001 |  | 1995 |  | 100% |  | 748,159 |  |  | 255,911 |  |  | 402 |  |  | 93% |  | Belk, Books-A-Million, Burlington, Dillard's, JC Penney, Planet Fitness, former Sears
Oak Park Mall (6) Overland Park, KS |  | 1974/2005 |  | 1998 |  | 50% |  | 1,518,197 |  |  | 431,027 |  |  | 462 |  |  | 94% |  | Barnes & Noble, Dillard's for Women, Dillard's for Men, Children & Home, Forever 21, H&M, JC Penney, Macy's, Nordstrom
The Outlet Shoppes at Atlanta Woodstock, GA |  | 2013 |  | 2015 |  | 75% |  | 404,906 |  |  | 380,099 |  |  | 436 |  |  | 93% |  | Saks Fifth Ave OFF 5TH
The Outlet Shoppes at El Paso El Paso, TX |  | 2007/2012 |  | 2014 |  | 75% |  | 433,046 |  |  | 411,007 |  |  | 434 |  |  | 99% |  | H&M
The Outlet Shoppes of the Bluegrass Simpsonville, KY |  | 2014 |  | 2015 |  | 65% |  | 428,072 |  |  | 381,372 |  |  | 427 |  |  | 97% |  | H&M, Saks Fifth Ave OFF 5TH
Richland Mall Waco, TX |  | 1980/2002 |  | 1996 |  | 100% |  | 693,450 |  |  | 191,872 |  |  | 378 |  |  | 99% |  | Beall's, Dick's Sporting Goods, Dillard's for Men, Kids & Home, Dillard's for Women, JC Penney, Sears
Southpark Mall Colonial Heights, VA |  | 1989/2003 |  | 2007 |  | 100% |  | 672,941 |  |  | 229,681 |  |  | 387 |  |  | 90% |  | Dick's Sporting Goods, JC Penney, Macy's, Regal Cinemas, former Sears
Sunrise Mall Brownsville, TX |  | 1979/2003 |  | 2015 |  | 100% |  | 802,906 |  |  | 238,149 |  |  | 419 |  |  | 98% |  | A'GACI, Beall's, Cinemark, Dick's Sporting Goods, Dillard's, JC Penney, Sears
West County Center (6) Des Peres, MO |  | 1969/2007 |  | 2002 |  | 50% |  | 1,196,796 |  |  | 382,846 |  |  | 536 |  |  | 98% |  | Barnes & Noble, Dick's Sporting Goods, Forever 21, H&M, JC Penney, Macy's, Nordstrom
Total Tier 1 Malls |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 17,189,547 |  |  | 6,429,672 |  |  | $ | 458 |  |  | 96% |  |
TIER 2 Sales ≥ $300 to < $375 per square foot
Arbor Place Atlanta (Douglasville), GA |  | 1999 |  | N/A |  | 100% |  | 1,161,932 |  |  | 307,502 |  |  | $ | 359 |  |  | 99% |  | Bed Bath & Beyond, Belk, Dillard's, Forever 21, H&M, JC Penney, Macy's, Regal Cinemas, Sears

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Mall / Location |  | Year of Opening/ Acquisition |  | Year of Most Recent Expansion |  | Our Ownership |  | Total Center SF (1) |  | Total Mall Store GLA(2) |  | Mall Store Sales per Square Foot (3) |  | Percentage Mall Store GLA Leased (4) |  | Anchors & Junior Anchors (5)
Asheville Mall Asheville, NC |  | 1972/1998 |  | 2000 |  | 100% |  | 973,344 |  |  | 265,440 |  |  | 371 |  |  | 91% |  | Barnes & Noble, Belk, Dillard's for Men, Children & Home, Dillard's for Women, H&M, JC Penney, former Sears
Dakota Square Mall Minot, ND |  | 1980/2012 |  | 2016 |  | 100% |  | 764,671 |  |  | 183,638 |  |  | 312 |  |  | 93% |  | AMC Theatres, Barnes & Noble, former Herberger's, JC Penney, Scheels, former Sears, Sleep Inn & Suites - Splashdown Dakota Super Slides, Target
East Towne Mall Madison, WI |  | 1971/2001 |  | 2004 |  | 100% |  | 801,248 |  |  | 211,959 |  |  | 329 |  |  | 91% |  | Barnes & Noble, former Boston Store, Dick's Sporting Goods, Flix Brewhouse, Gordmans, H&M, JC Penney, Sears
EastGate Mall (11) Cincinnati, OH |  | 1980/2003 |  | 1995 |  | 100% |  | 837,550 |  |  | 256,947 |  |  | 330 |  |  | 87% |  | Dillard's Clearance, JC Penney, Kohl's, Sears
Frontier Mall Cheyenne, WY |  | 1981 |  | 1997 |  | 100% |  | 519,271 |  |  | 199,151 |  |  | 327 |  |  | 93% |  | AMC Theatres, Dillard's for Women, Dillard's for Men, Kids & Home, JC Penney, former Sears
Governor's Square (6) Clarksville, TN |  | 1986 |  | 1999 |  | 47.5% |  | 689,563 |  |  | 242,681 |  |  | 343 |  |  | 90% |  | AMC Theatres, Belk, Dick's Sporting Goods, Dillard's, JC Penney, Ross Dress for Less, Sears
Greenbrier Mall Chesapeake, VA |  | 1981/2004 |  | 2004 |  | 100% |  | 897,037 |  |  | 269,795 |  |  | 342 |  |  | 90% |  | Dillard's, GameWorks, H&M, JC Penney, Macy's, former Sears
Harford Mall Bel Air, MD |  | 1973/2003 |  | 2007 |  | 100% |  | 505,559 |  |  | 181,383 |  |  | 342 |  |  | 93% |  | Encore, Macy's, Sears
Imperial Valley Mall El Centro, CA |  | 2005 |  | N/A |  | 100% |  | 761,958 |  |  | 213,318 |  |  | 374 |  |  | 91% |  | Cinemark, Dillard's, JC Penney, Macy's, Sears
Kirkwood Mall Bismarck, ND |  | 1970/2012 |  | 2017 |  | 100% |  | 815,442 |  |  | 211,578 |  |  | 306 |  |  | 94% |  | H&M, former Herberger's, Keating Furniture, JC Penney, Scheels, Target
Laurel Park Place Livonia, MI |  | 1989/2005 |  | 1994 |  | 100% |  | 496,877 |  |  | 198,067 |  |  | 306 |  |  | 95% |  | former Carson's, Von Maur
Layton Hills Mall Layton, UT |  | 1980/2006 |  | 1998 |  | 100% |  | 482,156 |  |  | 212,710 |  |  | 358 |  |  | 98% |  | Dick's Sporting Goods, Dillard's, JC Penney
Mayfaire Town Center Wilmington, NC |  | 2004/2015 |  | 2017 |  | 100% |  | 657,339 |  |  | 337,958 |  |  | 346 |  |  | 93% |  | Barnes & Noble, Belk, Flip N Fly, The Fresh Market, H&M, Michaels, Regal Cinemas
Northgate Mall Chattanooga, TN |  | 1972/2011 |  | 2014 |  | 100% |  | 666,783 |  |  | 187,150 |  |  | 304 |  |  | 86% |  | Belk, Burlington, former JC Penney, Sears

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Mall / Location |  | Year of Opening/ Acquisition |  | Year of Most Recent Expansion |  | Our Ownership |  | Total Center SF (1) |  | Total Mall Store GLA(2) |  | Mall Store Sales per Square Foot (3) |  | Percentage Mall Store GLA Leased (4) |  | Anchors & Junior Anchors (5)
Northpark Mall Joplin, MO |  | 1972/2004 |  | 1996 |  | 100% |  | 892,426 |  |  | 274,702 |  |  | 324 |  |  | 86% |  | Dunham's Sports, H&M, JC Penney, Jo-Ann Fabrics & Crafts, Macy's Children's & Home, Macy's Women & Men's, Sears, Tilt, T.J. Maxx, Vintage Stock
Old Hickory Mall Jackson, TN |  | 1967/2001 |  | 1994 |  | 100% |  | 538,934 |  |  | 161,839 |  |  | 356 |  |  | 76% |  | Belk, JC Penney, Macy's, Sears
The Outlet Shoppes at Laredo Laredo, TX |  | 2017 |  | N/A |  | 65% |  | 358,122 |  |  | 315,375 |  |  | N/A |  | * | 77% |  | H&M, Nike Factory Store
Park Plaza Little Rock, AR |  | 1988/2004 |  | N/A |  | 100% |  | 539,936 |  |  | 206,791 |  |  | 319 |  |  | 95% |  | Dillard's for Men & Children, Dillard's for Women & Home, Forever 21, H&M
Parkdale Mall Beaumont, TX |  | 1972/2001 |  | 2018 |  | 100% |  | 1,087,380 |  |  | 318,641 |  |  | 360 |  |  | 87% |  | former Ashley HomeStore, Beall's, former Brightwood College, Dick's Sporting Goods (12), Dillard's, Forever 21, H&M, HomeGoods (12), JC Penney, Sears, 2nd & Charles, Tilt Studio
Parkway Place Huntsville, AL |  | 1957/1998 |  | 2002 |  | 100% |  | 647,802 |  |  | 278,624 |  |  | 366 |  |  | 93% |  | Belk, Dillard's
Pearland Town Center (13) Pearland, TX |  | 2008 |  | N/A |  | 100% |  | 663,773 |  |  | 306,186 |  |  | 347 |  |  | 93% |  | Barnes & Noble, Dick's Sporting Goods, Dillard's, Macy's
Post Oak Mall College Station, TX |  | 1982 |  | 1985 |  | 100% |  | 788,105 |  |  | 300,580 |  |  | 355 |  |  | 89% |  | Beall's, Dillard's Men & Home, Dillard's Women & Children, Encore, JC Penney, Macy's, former Sears
South County Center St. Louis, MO |  | 1963/2007 |  | 2001 |  | 100% |  | 1,028,473 |  |  | 316,250 |  |  | 338 |  |  | 85% |  | Dick's Sporting Goods, Dillard's, JC Penney, Macy's, former Sears
Southaven Towne Center Southaven, MS |  | 2005 |  | 2013 |  | 100% |  | 607,550 |  |  | 184,427 |  |  | 308 |  |  | 85% |  | Bed Bath & Beyond, Dillard's, Gordmans, JC Penney, Sportsman's Warehouse, Urban Air Adventure Park (14)
St. Clair Square (15) Fairview Heights, IL |  | 1974/1996 |  | 1993 |  | 100% |  | 1,068,998 |  |  | 291,743 |  |  | 372 |  |  | 95% |  | Dillard's, JC Penney, Macy's, Sears
Turtle Creek Mall Hattiesburg, MS |  | 1994 |  | 1995 |  | 100% |  | 845,571 |  |  | 192,184 |  |  | 341 |  |  | 90% |  | At Home, Belk, Dillard's, JC Penney, former Sears, Southwest Theaters, Stein Mart
Valley View Mall Roanoke, VA |  | 1985/2003 |  | 2007 |  | 100% |  | 863,443 |  |  | 336,683 |  |  | 361 |  |  | 100% |  | Barnes & Noble, Belk, JC Penney, Macy's, Macy's for Home & Children, Sears

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Mall / Location |  | Year of Opening/ Acquisition |  | Year of Most Recent Expansion |  | Our Ownership |  | Total Center SF (1) |  | Total Mall Store GLA(2) |  | Mall Store Sales per Square Foot (3) |  | Percentage Mall Store GLA Leased (4) |  | Anchors & Junior Anchors (5)
Volusia Mall Daytona Beach, FL |  | 1974/2004 |  | 2013 |  | 100% |  | 1,045,835 |  |  | 239,059 |  |  | 341 |  |  | 91% |  | Dillard's for Men & Home, Dillard's for Women, Dillard's for Juniors & Children, H&M, JC Penney, Macy's, Sears
West Towne Mall Madison, WI |  | 1970/2001 |  | 2013 |  | 100% |  | 829,635 |  |  | 281,684 |  |  | 368 |  |  | 92% |  | former Boston Store, Dave & Buster's, Dick's Sporting Goods, Forever 21, JC Penney, former Sears, Total Wine & More
WestGate Mall (16) Spartanburg, SC |  | 1975/1995 |  | 1996 |  | 100% |  | 950,777 |  |  | 241,018 |  |  | 339 |  |  | 82% |  | Bed Bath & Beyond, Belk, Dick's Sporting Goods, Dillard's, H&M, JC Penney, Regal Cinemas, former Sears
Westmoreland Mall Greensburg, PA |  | 1977/2002 |  | 1994 |  | 100% |  | 973,421 |  |  | 313,442 |  |  | 313 |  |  | 91% |  | H&M, JC Penney, Macy's, Macy's Home Store, Old Navy, Sears, Stadium Live! Casino (17)
York Galleria York, PA |  | 1989/1999 |  | N/A |  | 100% |  | 748,868 |  |  | 225,854 |  |  | 339 |  |  | 86% |  | former Bon-Ton, Boscov's, Gold's Gym, H&M, Marshalls, former Sears
Total Tier 2 Malls |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 25,509,779 |  |  | 8,264,359 |  |  | $ | 344 |  |  | 90% |  |
TIER 3 Sales < $300 per square foot
Alamance Crossing Burlington, NC |  | 2007 |  | 2011 |  | 100% |  | 904,704 |  |  | 255,174 |  |  | $ | 264 |  |  | 74% |  | Barnes & Noble, Belk, BJ's Wholesale Club, Carousel Cinemas, Dick's Sporting Goods, Dillard's, Hobby Lobby, JC Penney, Kohl's
Brookfield Square(18) Brookfield, WI |  | 1967/2001 |  | 2008 |  | 100% |  | 860,192 |  |  | 300,599 |  |  | 280 |  |  | 92% |  | Barnes & Noble, former Boston Store, H&M, JC Penney, Marcus BistroPlex (19), Whirlyball (19)
Burnsville Center Burnsville, MN |  | 1977/1998 |  | N/A |  | 100% |  | 1,045,836 |  |  | 390,031 |  |  | 292 |  |  | 82% |  | Dick's Sporting Goods, Gordmans, H&M, JC Penney, Macy's, former Sears
CherryVale Mall Rockford, IL |  | 1973/2001 |  | 2007 |  | 100% |  | 844,383 |  |  | 329,798 |  |  | 298 |  |  | 97% |  | Barnes & Noble, Choice Home Center, JC Penney, Macy's, Sears
Eastland Mall Bloomington, IL |  | 1967/2005 |  | N/A |  | 100% |  | 732,647 |  |  | 247,505 |  |  | 258 |  |  | 93% |  | former Bergner's, Kohl's, former Macy's, Planet Fitness, former Sears
Honey Creek Mall Terre Haute, IN |  | 1968/2004 |  | 1981 |  | 100% |  | 679,578 |  |  | 188,711 |  |  | 299 |  |  | 83% |  | Encore, JC Penney, former Macy's, Sears, Vendors' Village

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Mall / Location |  | Year of Opening/ Acquisition |  | Year of Most Recent Expansion |  | Our Ownership |  | Total Center SF (1) |  | Total Mall Store GLA(2) |  | Mall Store Sales per Square Foot (3) |  | Percentage Mall Store GLA Leased (4) |  | Anchors & Junior Anchors (5)
Kentucky Oaks Mall (6) Paducah, KY |  | 1982/2001 |  | 1995 |  | 50% |  | 719,419 |  |  | 242,233 |  |  | 236 |  |  | 79% |  | Best Buy, Burlington (20), Dick's Sporting Goods, Dillard's, Dillard's Home Store, former Elder-Beerman, HomeGoods (21), JC Penney, Ross Dress for Less (20), former Sears, Vertical Jump Park
Meridian Mall (22) Lansing, MI |  | 1969/1998 |  | 2001 |  | 100% |  | 943,762 |  |  | 290,851 |  |  | 298 |  |  | 92% |  | Bed Bath & Beyond, Dick's Sporting Goods, H&M, JC Penney, Launch Trampoline Park (23), Macy's, Planet Fitness, Schuler Books & Music, former Younkers for Her, former Younkers Men, Kids & Home
Mid Rivers Mall St. Peters, MO |  | 1987/2007 |  | 2015 |  | 100% |  | 1,034,302 |  |  | 286,685 |  |  | 285 |  |  | 91% |  | Dick's Sporting Goods, Dillard's, H&M, JC Penney, Macy's, Marcus Theatres, Sears, V-Stock
Monroeville Mall Pittsburgh, PA |  | 1969/2004 |  | 2014 |  | 100% |  | 983,997 |  |  | 445,500 |  |  | 265 |  |  | 91% |  | Barnes & Noble, Cinemark, Dick's Sporting Goods, Forever 21, H&M, JC Penney, Macy's
The Outlet Shoppes at Gettysburg Gettysburg, PA |  | 2000/2012 |  | N/A |  | 50% |  | 249,937 |  |  | 249,937 |  |  | 252 |  |  | 91% |  | None
Stroud Mall (24) Stroudsburg, PA |  | 1977/1998 |  | 2005 |  | 100% |  | 414,565 |  |  | 130,082 |  |  | 261 |  |  | 93% |  | Cinemark, JC Penney, Sears, ShopRite (25)
Total Tier 3 Malls |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9,413,322 |  |  | 3,357,106 |  |  | $ | 276 |  |  | 88% |  |
Total Mall Portfolio |  |  |  | 52,112,648 |  |  | 18,051,137 |  |  | $ | 377 |  |  | 92% |  |
Excluded Malls (26) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Lender Malls: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Acadiana Mall (27) Lafayette, LA |  | 1979/2005 |  | 2004 |  | 100% |  | 991,339 |  |  | 299,076 |  |  | N/A |  | N/A |  | Dillard's, JC Penney, Macy's, former Sears
Cary Towne Center (28) Cary, NC |  | 1979/2001 |  | 1993 |  | 100% |  | 897,448 |  |  | 262,108 |  |  | N/A |  | N/A |  | Belk, Dave & Buster's, Dillard's, JC Penney, former Macy's, former Sears
Triangle Town Center (6) Raleigh, NC |  | 2002/2005 |  | N/A |  | 10% |  | 1,255,263 |  |  | 429,174 |  |  | N/A |  | N/A |  | Barnes & Noble, Belk, Dillard's, Macy's, Sak's Fifth Avenue, Sears
Total Lender Malls |  |  |  |  |  | 3,144,050 |  |  | 990,358 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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Mall / Location |  | Year of Opening/ Acquisition |  | Year of Most Recent Expansion |  | Our Ownership |  | Total Center SF (1) |  | Total Mall Store GLA(2) |  | Mall Store Sales per Square Foot (3) |  | Percentage Mall Store GLA Leased (4) |  | Anchors & Junior Anchors (5)
Repositioning Mall: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hickory Point Mall Forsyth, IL |  | 1977/2005 |  | N/A |  | 100% |  | 735,848 |  |  | 169,533 |  |  | N/A |  | N/A |  | former Bergner's, Encore, Hobby Lobby, former JC Penney, Kohl's, Ross Dress for Less, former Sears, T.J. Maxx, Von Maur
Total Excluded Malls |  |  |  | 3,879,898 |  |  | 1,159,891 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

* Non-stabilized Mall - Mall Store Sales per Square Foot metrics are excluded from Mall Store Sales per Square Foot totals by tier and Mall portfolio totals. The Outlet Shoppes at Laredo is a non-stabilized Mall.

(1) | Total center square footage includes square footage of attached shops, immediately adjacent Anchor and Junior Anchor locations and leased immediately adjacent freestanding locations immediately adjacent to the center.

(2) | Excludes tenants 20,000 square feet and over.

(3) | Totals represent weighted averages.

(4) | Includes all leased Anchors, Junior Anchors and tenants with leases in effect as of December 31, 2018.

(5) | Anchors and Junior Anchors listed are immediately adjacent to the Malls or are in freestanding locations immediately adjacent to the Malls.

(6) | This Property is owned in an unconsolidated joint venture.

(7) | Friendly Center - O2 Fitness is scheduled to open in 2019.

(8) | Hamilton Place - Sears closed in 2019 and redevelopment plans for this space include Dave & Buster's, Dick's Sporting Goods, a hotel and offices. Construction is expected to begin in Spring 2019.

(9) | Hanes Mall - Dave & Buster's is scheduled to open in 2019.

(10) | Mall del Norte - TruFit Athletic Club is scheduled to open in 2019 in the former Joe Brand space.

(11) | EastGate Mall - Ground rent for the Dillard's parcel that extends through January 2022 is $24 per year.

(12) | Parkdale Mall - Dick's Sporting Goods, Five Below and HomeGoods are scheduled to open in 2019 in the former Macy's space and a portion of the former Ashley HomeStore.

(13) | Pearland Town Center is a mixed-use center which combines retail, hotel, office and residential components. For segment reporting purposes, the retail portion of the center is classified in Malls and the office portion, hotel and residential portions are classified as All Other.

(14) | Southaven Towne Center - Urban Air Adventure Park has an executed lease and is under construction to fill the former HH Gregg space.

(15) | St. Clair Square - We are the lessee under a ground lease for 20 acres. Assuming the exercise of available renewal options, at our election, the ground lease expires January 31, 2073. The rental amount is $41 per year. In addition to base rent, the landlord receives 0.25% of Dillard's sales in excess of $16,200.

(16) | WestGate Mall - We are the lessee under several ground leases for approximately 53% of the underlying land. Assuming the exercise of renewal options available, at our election, the ground lease expires October 2044. The rental amount is $130 per year. In addition to base rent, the landlord receives 20% of the percentage rents collected. We have a right of first refusal to purchase the fee.

(17) | Westmoreland Mall - Construction for a new Stadium Live! Casino is expected to begin in 2019 in the former Bon-Ton space with the opening scheduled for 2020.

(18) | Brookfield Square - The annual ground rent for 2018 was $191.

(19) | Brookfield Square - Whirlyball and Marcus BistroPlex are scheduled to open in 2019 in the former Sears space.

(20) | Kentucky Oaks Mall - Burlington, Ross Dress for Less and other stores are scheduled to open in 2019 in the former Sears space.

(21) | Kentucky Oaks Mall - HomeGoods is scheduled to open in 2019 in the former Elder Beerman space.

(22) | Meridian Mall - We are the lessee under several ground leases in effect through March 2067, with extension options. Fixed rent is $19 per year plus 3% to 4% of all rent.

(23) | Meridian Mall - Launch Trampoline Park is scheduled to open in 2019 in the former Gordmans space.

(24) | Stroud Mall - We are the lessee under a ground lease, which extends through July 2089. The current rental amount is $70 per year, increasing by $10 every ten years through 2045. An additional $100 is paid every ten years.

(25) | Stroud Mall - ShopRite is scheduled to open in 2019 in the former Bon-Ton space.

(26) | Operational metrics are not reported for Excluded Malls.

(27) | Acadiana Mall - Subsequent to December 31, 2018, the mall was transferred to the lender through a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure. See Note 7 and Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements for more information.

(28) | Cary Towne Center - Subsequent to December 31, 2018, the mall was sold and the lender received the proceeds in satisfaction of the non-recourse loan which was secured by the mall. See Note 5, Note 7 and Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements for more information.

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Mall Stores
The Malls have approximately 5,510 Mall stores. National and regional retail chains (excluding local franchises) lease approximately 71.1% of the occupied Mall store GLA. Although Mall stores occupy only 34.3% of the total Mall GLA (the remaining 65.7% is occupied by Anchors and Junior Anchors and a small percentage is vacant), the Malls received 84.3% of their total revenues from Mall stores for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Mall Lease Expirations
The following table summarizes the scheduled lease expirations for mall stores as of December 31, 2018:

Year Ending December 31, |  | Number of Leases Expiring |  | Annualized Gross Rent (1) |  | GLA of Expiring Leases |  | Average Annualized Gross Rent Per Square Foot |  | Expiring Leases as % of Total Annualized Gross Rent (2) |  | Expiring Leases as a % of Total Leased GLA (3)
2019 |  | 815 |  | $ | 80,640,000 |  |  | 2,257,000 |  |  | $ | 35.73 |  |  | 13.0% |  | 14.7%
2020 |  | 737 |  | 84,550,000 |  |  | 2,443,000 |  |  | 34.61 |  |  | 13.6% |  | 15.9%
2021 |  | 638 |  | 79,025,000 |  |  | 1,924,000 |  |  | 41.07 |  |  | 12.8% |  | 12.6%
2022 |  | 528 |  | 75,771,000 |  |  | 1,829,000 |  |  | 41.43 |  |  | 12.3% |  | 12.0%
2023 |  | 526 |  | 77,575,000 |  |  | 1,780,000 |  |  | 43.58 |  |  | 12.5% |  | 11.7%
2024 |  | 403 |  | 60,925,000 |  |  | 1,510,000 |  |  | 40.35 |  |  | 9.9% |  | 9.9%
2025 |  | 303 |  | 48,775,000 |  |  | 1,010,000 |  |  | 48.29 |  |  | 7.9% |  | 6.6%
2026 |  | 274 |  | 47,307,000 |  |  | 1,078,000 |  |  | 43.88 |  |  | 7.7% |  | 7.1%
2027 |  | 227 |  | 38,056,000 |  |  | 851,000 |  |  | 44.72 |  |  | 6.2% |  | 5.6%
2028 |  | 155 |  | 25,650,000 |  |  | 595,000 |  |  | 43.11 |  |  | 4.1% |  | 3.9%

(1) | Total annualized gross rent, including recoverable common area expenses and real estate taxes, in effect at December 31, 2018 for expiring leases that were executed as of December 31, 2018.

(2) | Total annualized gross rent, including recoverable CAM expenses and real estate taxes, of expiring leases as a percentage of the total annualized gross rent of all leases that were executed as of December 31, 2018.

(3) | Total GLA of expiring leases as a percentage of the total GLA of all leases that were executed as of December 31, 2018.

See page 59 for a comparison between rents on leases that expired in the current reporting period compared to rents on new and renewal leases executed in 2018. For comparable spaces under 10,000-square-feet, we leased approximately 2.3 million square feet with stabilized mall leasing spreads averaging a decline of 10.8%, including declines on new leases of 1.7% and renewal spreads declining an average of 12.5%. While we anticipate negative renewal spreads in the near term, we are optimistic that the 2018 positive sales trends will lead to improved lease negotiations in the future. Page 59 includes new and renewal leasing activity as of December 31, 2018 with commencement dates in 2018 and 2019.
Mall Tenant Occupancy Costs
Occupancy cost is a tenant’s total cost of occupying its space, divided by its sales. Mall store sales represent total sales amounts received from reporting tenants with space of less than 10,000 square feet.
The following table summarizes tenant occupancy costs as a percentage of total Mall store sales, excluding license agreements, for each of the past three years:

|  | Year Ended December 31, (1)
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Mall store sales (in millions) |  | $ | 4,498 |  |  | $ | 4,713 |  |  | $ | 5,110 |
Minimum rents |  | 8.45 | % |  | 8.95 | % |  | 8.64 | %
Percentage rents |  | 0.50 | % |  | 0.45 | % |  | 0.45 | %
Tenant reimbursements (2) (3) |  | 3.35 | % |  | 3.74 | % |  | 3.66 | %
Mall tenant occupancy costs |  | 12.30 | % |  | 13.14 | % |  | 12.75 | %

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(1) | In certain cases, we own less than a 100% interest in the Malls. The information in this table is based on 100% of the applicable amounts and has not been adjusted for our ownership share.

(2) | Represents reimbursements for real estate taxes, insurance, CAM charges, marketing and certain capital expenditures.

(3) | In 2018, CAM charges related to tenants who own their own space were reclassified to Other revenues as part of the adoption of ASC 606.

Debt on Malls
Please see the table entitled “Mortgage Loans Outstanding at December 31, 2018” included herein for information regarding any liens or encumbrances related to our Malls.
Other Property Types
Other property types include the following three categories:

(1) | Associated Centers - Retail properties that are adjacent to a regional mall complex and include one or more Anchors, or big box retailers along with smaller tenants. Anchor tenants typically include tenants such as T.J. Maxx, Target, Kohl’s and Bed Bath & Beyond. Associated Centers are managed by the staff at the Mall since it is adjacent to and usually benefits from the customers drawn to the Mall.

(2) | Community Centers - Designed to attract local and regional area customers and are typically anchored by a combination of supermarkets, or value-priced stores that attract shoppers to each center’s small shops. The tenants at our Community Centers typically offer necessities, value-oriented and convenience merchandise.

(3) Office Buildings and Other
See Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information on the number of consolidated and unconsolidated Properties in each of the above categories related to our other property types. The following tables set forth certain information for each of our other property types at December 31, 2018:

Property / Location |  | Property Type |  | Year of Opening/ Most Recent Expansion |  | Company's Ownership |  | Total Center SF (1) |  | Total Leasable GLA (2) |  | Percentage GLA Occupied (3) |  | Anchors & Junior Anchors
840 Greenbrier Circle Chesapeake, VA |  | Office |  | 1983 |  | 100% |  | 50,820 |  |  | 50,820 |  |  | 94% |  | None
850 Greenbrier Circle Chesapeake, VA |  | Office |  | 1984 |  | 100% |  | 81,318 |  |  | 81,318 |  |  | 100% |  | None
Ambassador Town Center (4) Lafayette, LA |  | Community Center |  | 2016 |  | 65% |  | 419,296 |  |  | 265,323 |  |  | 99% |  | Costco (5), Dick's Sporting Goods, Marshalls, Nordstrom Rack
Annex at Monroeville Pittsburgh, PA |  | Associated Center |  | 1986 |  | 100% |  | 186,367 |  |  | 186,367 |  |  | 100% |  | Burlington, Steel City Indoor Karting
CBL Center (6) Chattanooga, TN |  | Office |  | 2001 |  | 92% |  | 131,006 |  |  | 131,006 |  |  | 100% |  | None
CBL Center II (6) Chattanooga, TN |  | Office |  | 2008 |  | 92% |  | 74,941 |  |  | 74,941 |  |  | 100% |  | None
Coastal Grand Crossing (4) Myrtle Beach, SC |  | Associated Center |  | 2005 |  | 50% |  | 37,234 |  |  | 37,234 |  |  | 100% |  | PetSmart
CoolSprings Crossing Nashville, TN |  | Associated Center |  | 1992 |  | 100% |  | 366,471 |  |  | 78,830 |  |  | 99% |  | American Signature Furniture (5), Gabe's (7), JumpStreet (7), Target (5), former Toys R Us (7)
Courtyard at Hickory Hollow Nashville, TN |  | Associated Center |  | 1979 |  | 100% |  | 68,468 |  |  | 68,468 |  |  | 100% |  | AMC Theatres
EastGate Mall - CubeSmart Self-Storage (4) Cincinnati, OH |  | Other |  | 2018 |  | 50% |  | 93,501 |  |  | 70,126 |  |  | N/A (8) |  | None

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Property / Location |  | Property Type |  | Year of Opening/ Most Recent Expansion |  | Company's Ownership |  | Total Center SF (1) |  | Total Leasable GLA (2) |  | Percentage GLA Occupied (3) |  | Anchors & Junior Anchors
The Forum at Grandview Madison, MS |  | Community Center |  | 2010/2016 |  | 75% |  | 318,144 |  |  | 216,144 |  |  | 100% |  | Best Buy, Dick’s Sporting Goods, HomeGoods, Malco Theatre (7), Michaels, Miskelly Furniture Warehouse (5), Stein Mart
Fremaux Town Center (4) Slidell, LA |  | Community Center |  | 2014/2015 |  | 65% |  | 603,839 |  |  | 475,839 |  |  | 98% |  | Best Buy, Dick's Sporting Goods, Dillard's (5), Kohl's, LA Fitness, Michaels, T.J. Maxx
Frontier Square Cheyenne, WY |  | Associated Center |  | 1985 |  | 100% |  | 186,605 |  |  | 16,527 |  |  | 100% |  | Ross Dress for Less (7), Target (5), T.J. Maxx (7)
Governor's Square Plaza (4) Clarksville, TN |  | Associated Center |  | 1985/1988 |  | 50% |  | 168,379 |  |  | 71,809 |  |  | 100% |  | Bed Bath & Beyond, Jo-Ann Fabrics & Crafts, Target (5)
Gunbarrel Pointe Chattanooga, TN |  | Associated Center |  | 2000 |  | 100% |  | 273,913 |  |  | 147,913 |  |  | 100% |  | Earthfare, Kohl's, Target (5)
Hamilton Corner Chattanooga, TN |  | Associated Center |  | 1990/2005 |  | 90% |  | 67,310 |  |  | 67,310 |  |  | 98% |  | None
Hamilton Crossing Chattanooga, TN |  | Associated Center |  | 1987/2005 |  | 92% |  | 191,945 |  |  | 98,832 |  |  | 100% |  | HomeGoods (7), Michaels (7), T.J. Maxx, former Toys R Us (5)
Hammock Landing (4) West Melbourne, FL |  | Community Center |  | 2009/2015 |  | 50% |  | 559,801 |  |  | 335,834 |  |  | 97% |  | Academy Sports + Outdoors, AMC Theatres, HomeGoods, Kohl's (5), Marshalls, Michaels, Ross Dress for Less, Target (5)
Harford Annex Bel Air, MD |  | Associated Center |  | 1973/2003 |  | 100% |  | 107,656 |  |  | 107,656 |  |  | 100% |  | Best Buy, Office Depot, PetSmart
The Landing at Arbor Place Atlanta (Douglasville), GA |  | Associated Center |  | 1999 |  | 100% |  | 162,960 |  |  | 113,719 |  |  | 87% |  | Ben's Furniture and Antiques, Ollie's Bargain Outlet, former Toys R Us (5)
Layton Hills Convenience Center Layton, UT |  | Associated Center |  | 1980 |  | 100% |  | 92,942 |  |  | 92,942 |  |  | 94% |  | Bed Bath & Beyond
Layton Hills Plaza Layton, UT |  | Associated Center |  | 1989 |  | 100% |  | 18,808 |  |  | 18,808 |  |  | 89% |  | None
Parkdale Crossing Beaumont, TX |  | Associated Center |  | 2002 |  | 100% |  | 88,064 |  |  | 88,064 |  |  | 100% |  | Barnes & Noble
The Pavilion at Port Orange (4) Port Orange, FL |  | Community Center |  | 2010 |  | 50% |  | 398,031 |  |  | 398,031 |  |  | 96% |  | Belk, HomeGoods, Marshalls, Michaels, Regal Cinemas
Pearland Office Pearland, TX |  | Office |  | 2009 |  | 100% |  | 64,915 |  |  | 64,915 |  |  | 100% |  | None
The Plaza at Fayette Lexington, KY |  | Associated Center |  | 2006 |  | 100% |  | 215,745 |  |  | 215,745 |  |  | 90% |  | Cinemark, Gordmans
The Promenade D'Iberville, MS |  | Community Center |  | 2009/2014 |  | 85% |  | 615,998 |  |  | 399,038 |  |  | 99% |  | Ashley Furniture HomeStore, Bed Bath & Beyond, Best Buy, Dick's Sporting Goods, Kohl's (5), Marshalls, Michaels, Ross Dress for Less, Target (5)
The Shoppes at Eagle Point (4) Cookeville, TN |  | Community Center |  | 2018 |  | 50% |  | 230,328 |  |  | 230,328 |  |  | 89% |  | Academy Sports + Outdoors, Publix, Ross Dress for Less
The Shoppes at Hamilton Place Chattanooga, TN |  | Associated Center |  | 2003 |  | 92% |  | 128,211 |  |  | 128,211 |  |  | 97% |  | Bed Bath & Beyond, Marshalls, Ross Dress for Less
The Shoppes at St. Clair Square Fairview Heights, IL |  | Associated Center |  | 2007 |  | 100% |  | 84,383 |  |  | 84,383 |  |  | 100% |  | Barnes & Noble

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Property / Location |  | Property Type |  | Year of Opening/ Most Recent Expansion |  | Company's Ownership |  | Total Center SF (1) |  | Total Leasable GLA (2) |  | Percentage GLA Occupied (3) |  | Anchors & Junior Anchors
Sunrise Commons Brownsville, TX |  | Associated Center |  | 2001 |  | 100% |  | 205,571 |  |  | 104,126 |  |  | 100% |  | Former Kmart (7), Marshalls, Ross Dress for Less
The Terrace Chattanooga, TN |  | Associated Center |  | 1997 |  | 92% |  | 158,175 |  |  | 158,175 |  |  | 95% |  | Academy Sports + Outdoors, Party City
West Towne Crossing Madison, WI |  | Associated Center |  | 1980 |  | 100% |  | 460,875 |  |  | 168,978 |  |  | 100% |  | Barnes & Noble, Best Buy, Kohl's (5), Metcalf's Markets (5), Nordstrom Rack, Office Max (7), Shopko (5), Stein Mart (7)
WestGate Crossing Spartanburg, SC |  | Associated Center |  | 1985/1999 |  | 100% |  | 158,262 |  |  | 158,262 |  |  | 99% |  | Big Air Trampoline Park, Hamricks, Jo-Ann Fabrics & Crafts
Westmoreland Crossing Greensburg, PA |  | Associated Center |  | 2002 |  | 100% |  | 281,293 |  |  | 281,293 |  |  | 97% |  | AMC Theatres, Dick's Sporting Goods, Levin Furniture, Michaels (7), T.J. Maxx (7)
York Town Center (4) York, PA |  | Associated Center |  | 2007 |  | 50% |  | 297,507 |  |  | 247,507 |  |  | 98% |  | Bed Bath & Beyond, Best Buy, Christmas Tree Shops, Dick's Sporting Goods (5), Ross Dress for Less, Staples
Total Other Property Types |  |  |  | 7,649,082 |  |  | 5,534,822 |  |  | 97% |  |

(1) | Total center square footage includes square footage of attached shops, attached and immediately adjacent Anchors and Junior Anchors and leased immediately adjacent freestanding locations.

(2) | All leasable square footage, including Anchors and Junior Anchors.

(3) | Includes all leased Anchors, Junior Anchors and tenants with leases in effect as of December 31, 2018.

(4) | This Property is owned in an unconsolidated joint venture.

(5) | Owned by the tenant.

(6) | We own a 92% interest in the CBL Center office buildings, with an aggregate square footage of approximately 205,000 square feet, where our corporate headquarters is located. As of December 31, 2018, we occupied 45.2% of the total square footage of the buildings.

(7) | Owned by a third party.

(8) | EastGate Mall - CubeSmart Self-Storage - Excluded from occupancy.

Other Property Types Lease Expirations
The following table summarizes the scheduled lease expirations for tenants in occupancy at Other Property Types as of December 31, 2018:

Year Ending December 31, |  | Number of Leases Expiring |  | Annualized Gross Rent (1) |  | GLA of Expiring Leases |  | Average Annualized Gross Rent Per Square Foot |  | Expiring Leases as % of Total Annualized Gross Rent (2) |  | Expiring Leases as a % of Total Leased GLA (3)
2019 |  | 66 |  |  | $ | 7,290,000 |  |  | 319,000 |  |  | $ | 22.85 |  |  | 8.7% |  | 7.2%
2020 |  | 103 |  |  | 14,893,000 |  |  | 858,000 |  |  | 17.36 |  |  | 17.8% |  | 19.3%
2021 |  | 56 |  |  | 10,151,000 |  |  | 587,000 |  |  | 17.29 |  |  | 12.1% |  | 13.2%
2022 |  | 49 |  |  | 10,437,000 |  |  | 635,000 |  |  | 16.44 |  |  | 12.5% |  | 14.3%
2023 |  | 53 |  |  | 9,687,000 |  |  | 426,000 |  |  | 22.74 |  |  | 11.6% |  | 9.6%
2024 |  | 38 |  |  | 7,527,000 |  |  | 429,000 |  |  | 17.55 |  |  | 9.0% |  | 9.6%
2025 |  | 33 |  |  | 6,945,000 |  |  | 381,000 |  |  | 18.23 |  |  | 8.3% |  | 8.6%
2026 |  | 43 |  |  | 7,577,000 |  |  | 316,000 |  |  | 23.98 |  |  | 9.1% |  | 7.1%
2027 |  | 23 |  |  | 5,069,000 |  |  | 200,000 |  |  | 25.35 |  |  | 6.1% |  | 4.5%
2028 |  | 22 |  |  | 4,123,000 |  |  | 301,000 |  |  | 13.70 |  |  | 4.9% |  | 6.8%

(1) | Total annualized gross rent, including recoverable common area expenses and real estate taxes, in effect at December 31, 2018 for expiring leases that were executed as of December 31, 2018.

37

(2) | Total annualized gross rent, including recoverable CAM expenses and real estate taxes, of expiring leases as a percentage of the total annualized gross rent of all leases that were executed as of December 31, 2018.

(3) | Total GLA of expiring leases as a percentage of the total GLA of all leases that were executed as of December 31, 2018.

Debt on Other Property Types
Please see the table entitled “Mortgage Loans Outstanding at December 31, 2018” included herein for information regarding any liens or encumbrances related to our Other Property Types.
Anchors and Junior Anchors
Anchors and Junior Anchors are an important factor in a Property’s successful performance. However, we believe that the number of traditional department store anchors will decline over time, providing us the opportunity to redevelop these spaces to attract new uses such as restaurants, entertainment, fitness centers and lifestyle retailers that engage consumers and encourage them to spend more time at our Properties. Anchors are generally a department store or, increasingly, other large format retailers, whose merchandise appeals to a broad range of shoppers and plays a significant role in generating customer traffic and creating a desirable location for the Property's tenants.
Anchors and Junior Anchors may own their stores and the land underneath, as well as the adjacent parking areas, or may enter into long-term leases with respect to their stores. Rental rates for Anchor tenants are significantly lower than the rents charged to non-anchor tenants. Total rental revenues from Anchors and Junior Anchors accounted for 15.7% of the total revenues from our Properties in 2018. Each Anchor and Junior Anchor that owns its store has entered into an operating and reciprocal easement agreement with us covering items such as operating covenants, reciprocal easements, property operations, initial construction and future expansion.
During 2018, the following Anchors and Junior Anchors were added to our Properties, as listed below:

Name |  | Property |  | Location
Academy Sports + Outdoors |  | The Shoppes at Eagle Point |  | Cookeville, TN
Burlington |  | Kentucky Oaks Mall |  | Paducah, KY
Burlington |  | Northwoods Mall |  | North Charleston, SC
Choice Home Center |  | Cherryvale Mall |  | Rockford, IL
Dave & Buster's |  | West Towne Mall |  | Madison, WI
Dick's Sporting Goods |  | Richland Mall |  | Waco, TX
Flip N Fly |  | Mayfaire Town Center |  | Wilmington, NC
Flix Brewhouse |  | East Towne Mall |  | Madison, WI
Gabe's |  | CoolSprings Crossing |  | Nashville, TN
H&M |  | Mid Rivers Mall |  | St. Peters, MO
HomeGoods |  | Hammock Landing |  | West Melbourne, FL
JumpStreet |  | CoolSprings Crossing |  | Nashville, TN
Marshalls |  | York Galleria |  | York, PA
Planet Fitness |  | Eastland Mall |  | Bloomington, IL
Publix |  | The Shoppes at Eagle Point |  | Cookeville, TN
Round1 Bowling & Amusement |  | Jefferson Mall |  | Louisville, KY
Total Wine & More |  | West Towne Mall |  | Madison, WI
Vendors' Village |  | Honey Creek Mall |  | Terre Haute, IN

As of December 31, 2018, the Properties had a total of 492 Anchors and Junior Anchors, including 35 vacant Anchor and Junior Anchor locations, and excluding Anchors and Junior Anchors at our Excluded Malls. The Anchors and Junior Anchors and the amount of GLA leased or owned by each as of December 31, 2018 is as follows:
38

|  |  | Number of Stores |  | Gross Leasable Area
|  | Leased |  | Anchor Owned |  | Total |  | Leased |  | Anchor Owned |  | Total
Anchor/Junior Anchor |  |  | Owned |  | Ground Leased |  |  |  | Owned |  | Ground Leased |
JC Penney (1) |  | 19 |  | 25 |  | 4 |  | 48 |  | 2,019,746 |  |  | 3,163,088 |  |  | 586,030 |  |  | 5,768,864 |
Sears (1) (2) |  | 10 |  | 13 |  | 4 |  | 27 |  | 1,349,141 |  |  | 1,787,174 |  |  | 623,825 |  |  | 3,760,140 |
Dillard's (1) |  | 3 |  | 37 |  | 4 |  | 44 |  | 310,398 |  |  | 5,051,436 |  |  | 659,763 |  |  | 6,021,597 |
Macy's |  | 12 |  | 17 |  | 3 |  | 32 |  | 1,401,328 |  |  | 2,662,030 |  |  | 658,388 |  |  | 4,721,746 |
Belk |  | 5 |  | 13 |  | 4 |  | 22 |  | 430,017 |  |  | 1,807,861 |  |  | 397,480 |  |  | 2,635,358 |
Academy Sports + Outdoors |  | 3 |  | — |  | — |  | 3 |  | 199,091 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 199,091 |
A'GACI |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 28,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 28,000 |
AMC Theatres |  | 5 |  | — |  | 1 |  | 6 |  | 191,414 |  |  | — |  |  | 56,255 |  |  | 247,669 |
American Signature Furniture |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | 61,620 |  |  | — |  |  | 61,620 |
Ashley HomeStore |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 20,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20,000 |
At Home |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | 124,700 |  |  | — |  |  | 124,700 |
Barnes & Noble |  | 17 |  | — |  | 1 |  | 18 |  | 521,273 |  |  | — |  |  | 25,920 |  |  | 547,193 |
BB&T |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 60,000 |  |  | 60,000 |
Beall's |  | 5 |  | — |  | — |  | 5 |  | 193,209 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 193,209 |
Bed Bath & Beyond Inc.: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Bed Bath & Beyond |  | 10 |  | — |  | — |  | 10 |  | 281,868 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 281,868 |
Christmas Tree Shops |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 33,992 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 33,992 |
Bed Bath & Beyond Inc. Subtotal |  | 11 |  | — |  | — |  | 11 |  | 315,860 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 315,860 |
Ben's Furniture and Antiques |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 35,895 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 35,895 |
Best Buy |  | 6 |  | — |  | 1 |  | 7 |  | 212,485 |  |  | — |  |  | 44,239 |  |  | 256,724 |
Big Air Trampoline Park |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 33,938 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 33,938 |
BJ's Wholesale Club |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 85,188 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 85,188 |
Books-A-Million, Inc.: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Books-A-Million |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 20,642 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20,642 |
2nd & Charles |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 23,538 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23,538 |
Books-A-Million, Inc. Subtotal |  | 2 |  | — |  | — |  | 2 |  | 44,180 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 44,180 |
Boscov's |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | 150,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 150,000 |
Burlington (15a) (15b) |  | 2 |  | 2 |  | — |  | 4 |  | 140,980 |  |  | 94,049 |  |  | — |  |  | 235,029 |
Carousel Cinemas |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 52,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 52,000 |
Choice Home Center |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 128,330 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 128,330 |
Cinemark |  | 7 |  | — |  | — |  | 7 |  | 382,506 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 382,506 |
Costco |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | 153,973 |  |  | — |  |  | 153,973 |
Dave & Buster's (15c) |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | 26,509 |  |  | — |  |  | 26,509 |
Dick's Sporting Goods |  | 23 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 25 |  | 1,271,329 |  |  | 50,000 |  |  | 80,515 |  |  | 1,401,844 |
Dunham's Sports |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 80,551 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 80,551 |
Earth Fare |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 26,841 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26,841 |
Encore |  | 4 |  | — |  | — |  | 4 |  | 101,488 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 101,488 |
Flip N Fly |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 27,972 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27,972 |
Flix Brewhouse |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 39,150 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 39,150 |
The Fresh Market |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 21,442 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21,442 |
Gabe's (1) |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | 30,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 30,000 |
GameWorks |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 21,295 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21,295 |
Gold's Gym |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 30,664 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 30,664 |
Gordmans |  | 4 |  | — |  | — |  | 4 |  | 216,339 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 216,339 |
The Grande Cinemas |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 60,400 |  |  | 60,400 |

39

|  |  | Number of Stores |  | Gross Leasable Area
|  | Leased |  | Anchor Owned |  | Total |  | Leased |  | Anchor Owned |  | Total
Anchor/Junior Anchor |  |  | Owned |  | Ground Leased |  |  |  | Owned |  | Ground Leased |
H&M |  | 31 |  | — |  | — |  | 31 |  | 688,969 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 688,969 |
Hamrick's |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 40,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 40,000 |
Harris Teeter |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 72,757 |  |  | 72,757 |
Hobby Lobby |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 52,500 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 52,500 |
House of Hoops by Foot Locker |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 22,847 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22,847 |
I. Keating Furniture |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 103,994 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 103,994 |
Jo-Ann Fabrics & Crafts |  | 3 |  | — |  | — |  | 3 |  | 73,738 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 73,738 |
JumpStreet (1) |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | 30,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 30,000 |
Kings Dining & Entertainment |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 22,678 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22,678 |
Kohl's |  | 4 |  | 4 |  | — |  | 8 |  | 320,105 |  |  | 312,731 |  |  | — |  |  | 632,836 |
Kroger |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 113,531 |  |  | 113,531 |
LA Fitness |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 41,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 41,000 |
Levin Furniture |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 55,314 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 55,314 |
LIVE Ventures, Inc.: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
V-Stock |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 23,058 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23,058 |
Vintage Stock |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 46,108 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 46,108 |
LIVE Ventures, Inc. Subtotal |  | 2 |  | — |  | — |  | 2 |  | 69,166 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 69,166 |
Malco Theatres (1) |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | 62,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 62,000 |
Marcus Theatres |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 56,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 56,000 |
Metcalfe's Market |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | 67,365 |  |  | — |  |  | 67,365 |
Michaels (1) |  | 6 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 8 |  | 130,501 |  |  | 25,000 |  |  | 25,000 |  |  | 180,501 |
Miskelly Furniture Warehouse |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | 40,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 40,000 |
Nike Factory Store |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 22,479 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 22,479 |
Nordstrom |  | — |  | — |  | 2 |  | 2 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 385,000 |  |  | 385,000 |
Nordstrom Rack |  | 2 |  | — |  | — |  | 2 |  | 56,053 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 56,053 |
Office Depot |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 23,425 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 23,425 |
OfficeMax |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | 24,606 |  |  | — |  |  | 24,606 |
Old Navy |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 20,257 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20,257 |
Ollie's Bargain Outlet |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 28,446 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 28,446 |
Party City |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 20,841 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20,841 |
PetSmart |  | 2 |  | — |  | — |  | 2 |  | 46,248 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 46,248 |
Planet Fitness |  | 3 |  | — |  | — |  | 3 |  | 63,509 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 63,509 |
Publix |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 45,600 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 45,600 |
Regal Cinemas |  | 4 |  | 1 |  | — |  | 5 |  | 211,725 |  |  | 57,854 |  |  | — |  |  | 269,579 |
REI |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 24,427 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 24,427 |
Ross Dress for Less (1) |  | 8 |  | 1 |  | — |  | 9 |  | 218,607 |  |  | 30,021 |  |  | — |  |  | 248,628 |
Round1 Bowling & Amusement |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 50,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 50,000 |
Saks Fifth Avenue OFF 5TH |  | 2 |  | — |  | — |  | 2 |  | 49,365 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 49,365 |
Scheel's |  | 2 |  | — |  | — |  | 2 |  | 200,536 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 200,536 |
Schuler Books & Music |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 24,116 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 24,116 |
Shopko |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | 97,773 |  |  | — |  |  | 97,773 |
Sleep Inn & Suites |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 123,506 |  |  | 123,506 |
Southwest Theaters |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 29,830 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29,830 |
Sportsman's Warehouse |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | 48,171 |  |  | — |  |  | 48,171 |
Staples |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 20,388 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20,388 |

40

|  |  | Number of Stores |  | Gross Leasable Area
|  | Leased |  | Anchor Owned |  | Total |  | Leased |  | Anchor Owned |  | Total
Anchor/Junior Anchor |  |  | Owned |  | Ground Leased |  |  |  | Owned |  | Ground Leased |
Steel City Indoor Karting |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 64,135 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 64,135 |
Stein Mart |  | 2 |  | 1 |  | — |  | 3 |  | 60,463 |  |  | 21,200 |  |  | — |  |  | 81,663 |
Target |  | — |  | 8 |  | — |  | 8 |  | — |  |  | 948,730 |  |  | — |  |  | 948,730 |
Tilt |  | 2 |  | — |  | — |  | 2 |  | 64,658 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 64,658 |
The TJX Companies, Inc.: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
HomeGoods (1) |  | 3 |  | 1 |  | — |  | 4 |  | 77,480 |  |  | 25,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 102,480 |
Marshalls |  | 7 |  | — |  | — |  | 7 |  | 207,050 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 207,050 |
T.J. Maxx (1) |  | 3 |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | 5 |  | 84,558 |  |  | 28,081 |  |  | 25,000 |  |  | 137,639 |
The TJX Companies, Inc. Subtotal |  | 13 |  | 2 |  | 1 |  | 16 |  | 369,088 |  |  | 53,081 |  |  | 25,000 |  |  | 447,169 |
Total Wine and More (15c) |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | 28,350 |  |  | — |  |  | 28,350 |
Vendor's Village |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 69,732 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 69,732 |
Vertical Trampoline Park |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 24,972 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 24,972 |
Von Maur |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | 150,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 150,000 |
Whole Foods (1) |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 34,320 |  |  | 34,320 |
XXI Forever / Forever 21 (1) |  | 8 |  | 1 |  | — |  | 9 |  | 259,567 |  |  | 57,500 |  |  | — |  |  | 317,067 |
Vacant Anchor/Junior Anchor: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Vacant - former Ashley HomeStore |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 26,439 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 26,439 |
Vacant - former Bergner's |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 131,616 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 131,616 |
Vacant - former The Bon-Ton (1) |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | 131,915 |  |  | — |  |  | 131,915 |
Vacant - former Boston Store (1) |  | — |  | 3 |  | — |  | 3 |  | — |  |  | 493,411 |  |  | — |  |  | 493,411 |
Vacant - former Brightwood College |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 30,294 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 30,294 |
Vacant - former Carson's |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 148,810 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 148,810 |
Vacant - former Elder-Beerman (3) |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 35,490 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 35,490 |
Vacant - former Herberger's (4) |  | 2 |  | — |  | — |  | 2 |  | 126,954 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 126,954 |
Vacant - former JC Penney (1) |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | 173,124 |  |  | — |  |  | 173,124 |
Vacant - former Kmart (1) |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | 101,445 |  |  | — |  |  | 101,445 |
Vacant - former Macy's |  | 2 |  | — |  | — |  | 2 |  | 294,231 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 294,231 |
Vacant - former Sears (1) (5) |  | 5 |  | 10 |  | — |  | 15 |  | 558,159 |  |  | 1,165,432 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,723,591 |
Vacant - former Toys"R"Us (1) |  | — |  | 3 |  | — |  | 3 |  | — |  |  | 136,814 |  |  | — |  |  | 136,814 |
Vacant - former Younkers |  | 1 |  | — |  | 1 |  | 2 |  | 93,597 |  |  | — |  |  | 74,899 |  |  | 168,496 |
Current Developments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dave & Buster's (6) |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 31,576 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31,576 |
Dick's Sporting Goods (7) |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 45,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 45,000 |
Entertainment user (5) |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 79,500 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 79,500 |
HomeGoods (3) (7) |  | 2 |  | — |  | — |  | 2 |  | 45,228 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 45,228 |
Launch Trampoline Park (8) |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 31,989 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31,989 |
Marcus Theatres / Whirlyball (9) |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 85,585 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 85,585 |
O2 Fitness (10) |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 27,048 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27,048 |
Ross Dress for Less (15a) |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  | 1 |  | — |  |  | 23,432 |  |  | — |  |  | 23,432 |
ShopRite (11) |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 87,381 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 87,381 |
Stadium Live! Casino (12) |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 100,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 100,000 |
TruFit Athletic Club (13) |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 45,179 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 45,179 |

41

|  |  | Number of Stores |  | Gross Leasable Area
|  | Leased |  | Anchor Owned |  | Total |  | Leased |  | Anchor Owned |  | Total
Anchor/Junior Anchor |  |  | Owned |  | Ground Leased |  |  |  | Owned |  | Ground Leased |
Urban Air Adventure Park (14) |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 33,860 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 33,860 |
Value Retailer (4) |  | 1 |  | — |  | — |  | 1 |  | 18,014 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,014 |
Total Anchors/Junior Anchors |  | 296 |  | 162 |  | 34 |  | 492 |  | 15,753,279 |  | 19,442,395 |  | 4,106,828 |  | 39,302,502

(1) | The following Anchors/Junior Anchors are owned by third parties: the former Bon-Ton at York Galleria, the former Boston Store at Brookfield Square, the former Boston Store at East Towne Mall, the former Boston Store at West Towne Mall, Dillard's for Women at Richland Mall, Forever 21 at Hamilton Place Mall, Gabe's at CoolSprings Crossing, HomeGoods at Hamilton Crossing, JC Penney at Frontier Mall, the former JC Penney at Northgate Mall, JumpStreet at CoolSprings Crossing, the former Kmart at Sunrise Commons, Malco Theatres at The Forum at Grandview, Michaels at Hamilton Crossing, Michaels at Westmoreland Crossing, Ross Dress for Less at Frontier Square, Sears at Hanes Mall, Sears at Richland Mall, the former Sears at Frontier Mall, T.J. Maxx at Westmoreland Crossing, T.J. Maxx at Frontier Square, the former Toys "R" Us at CoolSprings Crossing and Whole Foods at Friendly Center.

(2) | Sears at Imperial Valley Mall is owned by Seritage Growth Properties.

(3) | A portion of the former Elder-Beerman at Kentucky Oaks Mall is being redeveloped into a HomeGoods. The remainder remains vacant.

(4) | There is a lease out for signature for a portion of the former Herberger's at Dakota Square Mall. The remainder remains vacant.

(5) | There is an executed lease with a new user for the lower level of the former Sears at York Galleria. The upper level remains vacant.

(6) | Nine small shops at Hanes Mall have been combined for a new Dave & Buster's, which is expected to open in spring 2019.

(7) | The former Macy's at Parkdale Mall has been demolished and is being rebuilt for Dick's Sporting Goods, HomeGoods, and a small shop.

(8) | Launch Trampoline Park had a rent commencement date of 7/31/18 and is expected to open in February 2019 in a portion of the former Gordmans at Meridian Mall.

(9) | The former Sears at Brookfield Square has been demolished and is being replaced with Marcus Theatres and Whirlyball.

(10) | O2 Fitness is expected to open in spring 2019 at Friendly Center.

(11) | ShopRite has an executed lease and is expected to open in late 2019 to fill the former Bon-Ton space at Stroud Mall.

(12) | Stadium Live! Casino has an executed lease and is expected to open in late 2019 to fill the former Bon-Ton space at Westmoreland Mall.

(13) | TruFit Athletic Club has an executed lease and is expected to open in early 2019 to fill the former Joe Brand space at Mall del Norte.

(14) | Urban Air Adventure Park has an executed lease and is under construction to fill the former HH Gregg at Southaven Towne Center.

(15) | The former Sears at Asheville Mall, Burnsville Center, Greenbrier Mall, Kentucky Oaks Mall, Northwoods Mall, and West Towne Mall are owned by Seritage Growth Properties.

a. | A portion of the former Sears at Kentucky Oaks Mall has been redeveloped into a Burlington. Another portion is being redeveloped into a Ross Dress for Less. A further 41,013 square feet remains vacant.

b. | A portion of the former Sears at Northwoods Mall has been redeveloped into a Burlington. The remainder remains vacant.

c. | A portion of the former Sears at West Towne Mall has been redeveloped into a Dave & Buster's and Total Wine and More. The remainder remains vacant.

Mortgages Notes Receivable
We own seven mortgages, each of which is collateralized by either a first mortgage, a second mortgage or by assignment of 100% of the ownership interests in the underlying real estate and related improvements. The mortgages are more fully described on Schedule IV in Part IV of this report.
42

Mortgage Loans Outstanding at December 31, 2018 (in thousands):

Property |  | Our Ownership Interest |  | Stated Interest Rate |  | Principal Balance as of 12/31/18 (1) |  | 2019 Annual Debt Service (2) |  | Maturity Date |  | Optional Extended Maturity Date |  | Balloon Payment Due on Maturity (2) |  | Open to Prepayment Date (3) |  | Footnote
Consolidated Debt |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Malls: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Acadiana Mall |  | 100% |  | 5.67 | % |  | $ | 119,760 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | Apr-17 |  | — |  | $ | 119,760 |  |  | Open |  | (4) |
Alamance Crossing - East |  | 100% |  | 5.83 | % |  | 45,464 |  |  | 3,589 |  |  | Jul-21 |  | — |  | 43,046 |  |  | Open |  |  |
Arbor Place |  | 100% |  | 5.10 | % |  | 109,209 |  |  | 7,948 |  |  | May-22 |  | — |  | 100,861 |  |  | Open |  |  |
Asheville Mall |  | 100% |  | 5.80 | % |  | 66,038 |  |  | 5,917 |  |  | Sep-21 |  | — |  | 60,190 |  |  | Open |  |  |
Burnsville Center |  | 100% |  | 6.00 | % |  | 67,312 |  |  | 6,417 |  |  | Jul-20 |  | — |  | 63,589 |  |  | Open |  |  |
Cary Towne Center |  | 100% |  | 4.00 | % |  | 43,716 |  |  | 146 |  |  | Jun-18 |  | — |  | 43,716 |  |  | Open |  | (5) |
Cross Creek Mall |  | 100% |  | 4.54 | % |  | 115,513 |  |  | 9,376 |  |  | Jan-22 |  | — |  | 102,260 |  |  | Open |  |  |
EastGate Mall |  | 100% |  | 5.83 | % |  | 34,057 |  |  | 3,613 |  |  | Apr-21 |  | — |  | 30,155 |  |  | Open |  |  |
Fayette Mall |  | 100% |  | 5.42 | % |  | 152,264 |  |  | 13,527 |  |  | May-21 |  | — |  | 139,177 |  |  | Open |  |  |
Greenbrier Mall |  | 100% |  | 5.41 | % |  | 68,101 |  |  | 7,193 |  |  | Dec-19 |  | Dec-20 |  | 60,926 |  |  | Open |  | (6) |
Hamilton Place |  | 90% |  | 4.36 | % |  | 102,429 |  |  | 6,400 |  |  | Jun-26 |  | — |  | 85,535 |  |  | Open |  |  |
Hickory Point Mall |  | 100% |  | 5.85 | % |  | 27,446 |  |  | 1,606 |  |  | Dec-19 |  | — |  | 27,446 |  |  | Open |  | (7) |
Honey Creek Mall |  | 100% |  | 8.00 | % |  | 24,027 |  |  | 1,842 |  |  | Jul-19 |  | — |  | 23,290 |  |  | Open |  | (8) |
Jefferson Mall |  | 100% |  | 4.75 | % |  | 63,379 |  |  | 4,456 |  |  | Jun-22 |  | — |  | 58,176 |  |  | Open |  |  |
Northwoods Mall |  | 100% |  | 5.08 | % |  | 65,193 |  |  | 4,743 |  |  | Apr-22 |  | — |  | 60,292 |  |  | Open |  |  |
The Outlet Shoppes at Atlanta |  | 75% |  | 4.90 | % |  | 73,233 |  |  | 5,095 |  |  | Nov-23 |  | — |  | 65,036 |  |  | Open |  |  |
The Outlet Shoppes at Atlanta (Phase II) |  | 75% |  | 4.85 | % |  | 4,575 |  |  | 347 |  |  | Dec-19 |  | — |  | 4,454 |  |  | Open |  | (9) | (10)
The Outlet Shoppes at El Paso |  | 75% |  | 5.10 | % |  | 74,823 |  |  | 4,888 |  |  | Oct-28 |  | — |  | 61,342 |  |  | Jul-28 |  |  |
The Outlet Shoppes at Gettysburg |  | 50% |  | 4.80 | % |  | 37,762 |  |  | 2,422 |  |  | Oct-25 |  | — |  | 32,927 |  |  | Open |  |  |
The Outlet Shoppes at Laredo |  | 65% |  | 5.00 | % |  | 54,550 |  |  | 4,523 |  |  | May-19 |  | May-21 |  | 50,200 |  |  | Open |  | (9) | (11)
The Outlet Shoppes of the Bluegrass |  | 65% |  | 4.05 | % |  | 71,739 |  |  | 4,464 |  |  | Dec-24 |  | — |  | 61,316 |  |  | Open |  |  |
The Outlet Shoppes of the Bluegrass (Phase II) |  | 65% |  | 4.85 | % |  | 9,482 |  |  | 701 |  |  | Jul-20 |  | — |  | 9,102 |  |  | Open |  | (9) | (12)
Park Plaza |  | 100% |  | 5.28 | % |  | 81,287 |  |  | 7,165 |  |  | Apr-21 |  | — |  | 74,428 |  |  | Open |  |  |
Parkdale Mall & Crossing |  | 100% |  | 5.85 | % |  | 78,544 |  |  | 7,241 |  |  | Mar-21 |  | — |  | 72,447 |  |  | Open |  |  |
Parkway Place |  | 100% |  | 6.50 | % |  | 34,486 |  |  | 3,403 |  |  | Jul-20 |  | — |  | 32,661 |  |  | Open |  |  |
Southpark Mall |  | 100% |  | 4.85 | % |  | 59,766 |  |  | 4,240 |  |  | Jun-22 |  | — |  | 54,924 |  |  | Open |  |  |
Valley View Mall |  | 100% |  | 6.50 | % |  | 53,372 |  |  | 5,267 |  |  | Jul-20 |  | — |  | 50,547 |  |  | Open |  |  |
Volusia Mall |  | 100% |  | 8.00 | % |  | 41,332 |  |  | 3,168 |  |  | Jul-19 |  | — |  | 40,064 |  |  | Open |  | (8) |
WestGate Mall |  | 100% |  | 4.99 | % |  | 33,910 |  |  | 2,803 |  |  | Jul-22 |  | — |  | 29,670 |  |  | Open |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,812,769 |  |  | 132,500 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,657,537 |  |  |  |  |  |

43

Property |  | Our Ownership Interest |  | Stated Interest Rate |  | Principal Balance as of 12/31/18 (1) |  | 2019 Annual Debt Service (2) |  | Maturity Date |  | Optional Extended Maturity Date |  | Balloon Payment Due on Maturity (2) |  | Open to Prepayment Date (3) |  | Footnote
Other Properties: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CBL Center |  | 92% |  | 5.00 | % |  | 17,780 |  |  | 1,651 |  |  | Jun-22 |  | — |  | 14,949 |  |  | Open |  | (13) |
Hamilton Crossing & Expansion |  | 92% |  | 5.99 | % |  | 8,821 |  |  | 819 |  |  | Apr-21 |  | — |  | 8,122 |  |  | Open |  | (14) |
The Terrace |  | 92% |  | 7.25 | % |  | 12,334 |  |  | 1,284 |  |  | Jun-20 |  | — |  | 11,755 |  |  | Open |  | (14) |
|  |  |  |  |  | 38,935 |  |  | 3,754 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 34,826 |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction Loan: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Brookfield Square Anchor Redevelopment |  | 100% |  | 5.25 | % |  | 8,172 |  |  | 439 |  |  | Oct-21 |  | Oct-22 |  | 29,400 |  |  | Open |  | (15) |
Operating Partnership Debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unsecured credit facilities (16) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
$500,000 capacity |  | 100% |  | 3.90 | % |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | Oct-19 |  | Oct-20 |  | — |  |  | Open |  | (17) |
$100,000 capacity |  | 100% |  | 3.90 | % |  | 51,896 |  |  | 2,024 |  |  | Oct-19 |  | Oct-20 |  | 51,896 |  |  | Open |  | (17) |
$500,000 capacity |  | 100% |  | 3.90 | % |  | 132,076 |  |  | 5,151 |  |  | Oct-20 |  | — |  | 132,076 |  |  | Open |  | (17) |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | 183,972 |  |  | 7,175 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 183,972 |  |  |  |  |  |
Unsecured term loans (16) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
$350,000 term loan |  | 100% |  | 4.10 | % |  | 350,000 |  |  | 14,350 |  |  | Oct-19 |  | — |  | 350,000 |  |  | Open |  | (18) |
$300,000 term loan |  | 100% |  | 4.35 | % |  | 300,000 |  |  | 13,050 |  |  | Jul-20 |  | Jul-21 |  | 300,000 |  |  | Open |  | (19) |
$45,000 term loan |  | 100% |  | 4.17 | % |  | 45,000 |  |  | 1,877 |  |  | Jun-21 |  | Jun-22 |  | 45,000 |  |  | Open |  | (20) |
|  |  |  |  |  | 695,000 |  |  | 29,277 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 695,000 |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior unsecured Notes |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2023 Notes |  | 100% |  | 5.25 | % |  | 450,000 |  |  | 23,625 |  |  | Dec-23 |  | — |  | 450,000 |  |  | Open |  |  |
2024 Notes |  | 100% |  | 4.60 | % |  | 300,000 |  |  | 13,800 |  |  | Oct-24 |  | — |  | 300,000 |  |  | Open |  |  |
2026 Notes |  | 100% |  | 5.95 | % |  | 625,000 |  |  | 37,188 |  |  | Dec-26 |  | — |  | 625,000 |  |  | Open |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | 1,375,000 |  |  | 74,613 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,375,000 |  |  |  |  |  |
Unamortized Discounts, net |  | (10,989 | ) |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (21 | ) |
Total Consolidated Debt |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,102,859 |  |  | $ | 247,758 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,975,735 |  |  |  |  |  |
Unconsolidated Debt |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Properties |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Malls: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Coastal Grand |  | 50% |  | 4.09 | % |  | $ | 110,516 |  |  | $ | 6,958 |  |  | Aug-24 |  | — |  | $ | 95,230 |  |  | Open |  |  |
CoolSprings Galleria |  | 50% |  | 4.84 | % |  | 153,641 |  |  | 9,803 |  |  | May-28 |  | — |  | 125,774 |  |  | Feb-28 |  |  |
Friendly Shopping Center |  | 50% |  | 3.48 | % |  | 94,712 |  |  | 5,375 |  |  | Apr-23 |  | — |  | 85,203 |  |  | Open |  |  |
Oak Park Mall |  | 50% |  | 3.97 | % |  | 270,281 |  |  | 15,755 |  |  | Oct-25 |  | — |  | 231,459 |  |  | Open |  |  |
The Shops at Friendly Center |  | 50% |  | 3.34 | % |  | 60,000 |  |  | 2,004 |  |  | Apr-23 |  | — |  | 60,000 |  |  | Feb-19 |  |  |
Triangle Town Center |  | 10% |  | 4.00 | % |  | 139,000 |  |  | — |  |  | Dec-18 |  | — |  | 139,000 |  |  | Open |  | (22) |

44

Property |  | Our Ownership Interest |  | Stated Interest Rate |  | Principal Balance as of 12/31/18 (1) |  | 2019 Annual Debt Service (2) |  | Maturity Date |  | Optional Extended Maturity Date |  | Balloon Payment Due on Maturity (2) |  | Open to Prepayment Date (3) |  | Footnote
West County Center |  | 50% |  | 3.40 | % |  | 178,779 |  |  | 10,111 |  |  | Dec-22 |  | — |  | 162,270 |  |  | Open |  |  |
York Town Center |  | 50% |  | 4.90 | % |  | 31,772 |  |  | 2,657 |  |  | Feb-22 |  | — |  | 28,293 |  |  | Open |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  | 1,038,701 |  |  | 52,663 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 927,229 |  |  |  |  |  |
Other Properties: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ambassador Town Center |  | 65% |  | 3.22 | % |  | 44,863 |  |  | 3,227 |  |  | Jun-23 |  | — |  | 38,866 |  |  | Open |  | (23) | (24)
Ambassador Town Center Infrastructure Improvements |  | 65% |  | 3.74 | % |  | 10,605 |  |  | 1,022 |  |  | Aug-20 |  | — |  | 9,360 |  |  | Open |  | (25) | (26)
Coastal Grand Outparcel |  | 50% |  | 4.09 | % |  | 5,333 |  |  | 336 |  |  | Aug-24 |  | — |  | 4,595 |  |  | Open |  | (26) |
EastGate Mall - Self-Storage Development |  | 50% |  | 5.10 | % |  | 5,222 |  |  | 278 |  |  | Dec-22 |  | — |  | 6,260 |  |  | Open |  | (9) (12) | (26) (27)
Fremaux Town Center (Phase I) |  | 65% |  | 3.70 | % |  | 68,446 |  |  | 4,480 |  |  | Jun-26 |  | — |  | 52,130 |  |  | Jun-19 |  | (23) |
Hammock Landing (Phase I) |  | 50% |  | 4.60 | % |  | 40,587 |  |  | 2,656 |  |  | Feb-21 |  | Feb-23 |  | 37,337 |  |  | Open |  | (9) (23) |
Hammock Landing (Phase II) |  | 50% |  | 4.60 | % |  | 16,007 |  |  | 1,099 |  |  | Feb-21 |  | Feb-23 |  | 14,507 |  |  | Open |  | (9) (23) |
The Pavilion at Port Orange |  | 50% |  | 4.60 | % |  | 56,087 |  |  | 3,708 |  |  | Feb-21 |  | Feb-23 |  | 51,437 |  |  | Open |  | (9) (23) |
The Shoppes at Eagle Point |  | 50% |  | 5.26 | % |  | 33,826 |  |  | 1,806 |  |  | Oct-20 |  | Oct-22 |  | 36,400 |  |  | Open |  | (9) (12) | (23)
York Town Center - Pier 1 |  | 50% |  | 5.10 | % |  | 1,247 |  |  | 113 |  |  | Feb-22 |  | — |  | 1,089 |  |  | Open |  | (9) | (26)
|  |  |  |  |  | 282,223 |  |  | 18,725 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 251,981 |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction Loan: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mid Rivers Mall - Self-Storage Development |  | 50% |  | 5.10 | % |  | 3,892 |  |  | 208 |  |  | Apr-23 |  | — |  | 5,767 |  |  | Open |  | (9) (12) | (26) (28)
Total Unconsolidated Debt |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,324,816 |  |  | $ | 71,596 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,184,977 |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Consolidated and Unconsolidated Debt |  | $ | 5,427,675 |  |  | $ | 319,354 |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,160,712 |  |  |  |  |  |
Company's Pro-Rata Share of Total Debt |  | $ | 4,659,075 |  |  | $ | 280,158 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (29) |

(1) | The amount listed includes 100% of the loan amount even though the Operating Partnership may have less than a 100% ownership interest in the Property.

(2) | Assumes extension option will be exercised, if applicable.

(3) | Prepayment premium is based on yield maintenance or defeasance.

(4) | Acadiana Mall - The loan secured by this mall was in default and receivership. The lender received title to the mall in January 2019. See Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements for more information.

(5) | Cary Towne Center - The loan secured by this mall is in default as of December 31, 2018. The Company and the lender executed a forbearance agreement in August 2018 which required the Company to market the Property for sale. The 2019 annual debt service includes only the January 2019 interest payment, which was made prior to the end of the forbearance agreement. The mall was sold in January 2019 and the lender received the sales proceeds in satisfaction of the non-recourse loan. See Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements for more information.

(6) | Greenbrier Mall - The interest rate increased to 5.41% on January 1, 2018. The loan has a one-year extension option, at our election, which is contingent on the mall meeting specified debt service and operational metrics. If the loan is extended, monthly principal payments of $325 will be required in 2020 in addition to interest.

(7) | Hickory Point Mall - The loan is interest-only through the maturity date.

45

(8) | The mortgages on Honey Creek Mall and Volusia Mall are cross-collateralized and cross-defaulted.

(9) | The interest rate is variable at various spreads over LIBOR priced at the rates in effect at December 31, 2018. The debt is prepayable at any time without prepayment penalty.

(10) | The Outlet Shoppes at Atlanta (Phase II) - The interest rate will be reduced to a spread of LIBOR plus 2.35% once certain debt and operational metrics are met. The Operating Partnership owns less than 100% of the Property but guarantees 100% of the debt.

(11) | The Outlet Shoppes at Laredo - The interest rate will be reduced to LIBOR plus 2.25% once certain debt and operational metrics are met. The loan has one 24-month extension option, which is at the joint venture's election, subject to continued compliance with the terms of the loan agreement. The Operating Partnership owns less than 100% of the Property but guarantees 100% of the debt.

(12) | The Operating Partnership owns less than 100% of the Property but guarantees 100% of the debt.

(13) | CBL Center consists of our two corporate office buildings.

(14) | Property type is an associated center.

(15) | Brookfield Square Anchor Redevelopment - The $29,400 construction loan closed in October 2018 to fund the redevelopment of a former Sears location at Brookfield Square. The loan is interest only at a variable rate of LIBOR plus 2.90%. The loan matures October 2021, and has a one-year extension option, at our election, which is contingent on meeting specific debt and operational metrics.

(16) | Subsequent to December 31, 2018, we closed on a new secured credit facility and secured term loan which replaced our existing unsecured credit facilities and term loans. See Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements for more information.

(17) | Unsecured credit facilities - As of December 31, 2018, the variable interest rate is LIBOR plus 1.55% based on the credit ratings of the Operating Partnership's senior unsecured long-term indebtedness of Ba1 from Moody's, BB+ from S&P and BB- from Fitch.

(18) | $350,000 term loan - As of December 31, 2018, the variable interest rate is LIBOR plus 1.75% based on the credit ratings of the Operating Partnership's senior unsecured long-term indebtedness of Ba1 from Moody's, BB+ from S&P and BB- from Fitch.

(19) | $300,000 term loan - As of December 31, 2018, the variable interest rate is LIBOR plus 2.00% based on the credit ratings of the Operating Partnership's senior unsecured long-term indebtedness of Ba1 from Moody's, BB+ from S&P and BB- from Fitch.

(20) | $45,000 term loan - The loan had a one-year extension option at our election for an outside maturity date of June 2022.

(21) | Represents bond discounts.

(22) | Triangle Town Center - The loan secured by this mall is in default as of December 31, 2018.

(23) | Property type is a community center.

(24) | Ambassador Town Center - The unconsolidated affiliate has an interest rate swap on a notional amount of $44,863, amortizing to $38,866 over the term of the swap, to effectively fix the interest rate on the variable-rate loan. Therefore, this amount is currently reflected as having a fixed rate. The swap terminates in June 2023.

(25) | Ambassador Town Center Infrastructure Improvements - The loan requires annual principal payments of $555 and $690 in 2019 and 2020, respectively. The joint venture has an interest rate swap on a notional amount of $10,605, amortizing to $9,360 over the term of the swap, to effectively fix the interest rate on the variable rate loan. Therefore, this amount is currently reflected as having a fixed rate. The swap terminates in August 2020. The Operating Partnership owns less than 100% of the Property but guarantees 100% of the debt.

(26) | Property type is Other.

(27) | EastGate Mall - Self-Storage Development - The loan is interest-only through November 2020. Thereafter, monthly payments of $10, in addition to interest, will be due. The interest rate will be reduced to a variable-rate of LIBOR plus 2.35% once construction is complete and certain debt and operational metrics are met.

(28) | Mid Rivers Mall - Self-Storage Development - The $5,987 construction loan is interest only through May 2021. Thereafter, monthly payments of $9, in addition to interest, will be due.

(29) | Represents our pro rata share of debt, including our share of unconsolidated affiliates' debt and excluding noncontrolling interests' share of consolidated debt on shopping center Properties.

The following is a reconciliation of consolidated debt to our pro rata share of total debt (in thousands):

Total consolidated debt (1) | $ | 4,102,859 |
Noncontrolling interests' share of consolidated debt | (94,361 | )
Company's share of unconsolidated debt | 650,577 |
Unamortized deferred financing costs | (17,846 | )
Company's pro rata share of total debt | $ | 4,641,229 |

(1) | Includes $43,716 of debt related to Cary Town Center that is classified in liabilities related to assets held for sale in the consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2018.

Other than our property-specific mortgage or construction loans, there are no material liens or encumbrances on our Properties. See Note 6 and Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding property-specific indebtedness and construction loans.
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ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
On March 16, 2016, Wave Lengths Hair Salons of Florida, Inc. d/b/a Salon Adrian filed a putative class action in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida (the “Court”) for unspecified monetary damages as well as costs and attorneys’ fees, based on allegations that the Company and certain affiliated entities overcharged tenants at bulk metered malls for electricity. On January 7, 2019, the Court partially granted the plaintiff’s motion for class certification of a nationwide RICO class and a Florida RICO and FDUTPA class. We believe this lawsuit is without merit and are defending ourselves vigorously. On January 22, 2019, we filed a petition seeking interlocutory review of the Court's class certification order; that petition is still pending as of the date of this report. On January 23, 2019, the Court set this matter for the trial term starting on April 1, 2019. We have not recorded an accrual relating to this matter at this time as a loss has not been determined to be probable. Further, we do not have sufficient information to reasonably estimate the amount or range of reasonably possible loss at this time. However, litigation is uncertain and an adverse judgment in this case could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. This matter is not covered by insurance.
We are currently involved in certain other litigation that arises in the ordinary course of business, most of which is expected to be covered by liability insurance. Based on current expectations, such matters, both individually and in the aggregate, are not expected to have a material adverse effect on our liquidity, results of operations, business or financial condition.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Common stock of CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. is traded on the New York Stock Exchange. The stock symbol is “CBL”. There were approximately 829 shareholders of record for our common stock as of February 25, 2019.
Future dividend distributions are subject to our actual results of operations, taxable income, economic conditions, issuances of common stock and such other factors as our Board of Directors deems relevant. Our actual results of operations will be affected by a number of factors, including the revenues received from the Properties, our operating expenses, interest expense, unanticipated capital expenditures and the ability of the Anchors and tenants at the Properties to meet their obligations for payment of rents and tenant reimbursements.
See Part III, Item 12 contained herein for information regarding securities authorized for issuance under equity compensation plans. The following table presents information with respect to repurchases of common stock made by us during the three months ended December 31, 2018:

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) |  | Average Price Paid per Share (2) |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of a Publicly Announced Plan |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plan
Oct. 1–31, 2018 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
Nov. 1–30, 2018 |  | 357 |  |  | 3.02 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Dec. 1–31, 2018 |  | 7,073 |  |  | 2.40 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total |  | 7,430 |  |  | $ | 2.43 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |

(1) | Represents shares surrendered to the Company by employees to satisfy federal and state income tax requirements related to the vesting of shares of restricted stock.

(2) | Represents the market value of the common stock on the vesting date for the shares of restricted stock, which was used to determine the number of shares required to be surrendered to satisfy income tax withholding requirements.

Operating Partnership Units
There is no established public trading market for the Operating Partnership’s common units. On February 25, 2019, the Operating Partnership had 26,758,405 common units outstanding (comprised of 3,269,446 special common units and 23,488,959 common units) held by 69 holders of record, excluding the 172,656,458 common units held by the Company.
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During the three months ended December 31, 2018, the Operating Partnership canceled the 7,430 common units underlying the 7,430 shares of common stock that were surrendered for tax obligations in conjunction with the surrender to the Company of such shares, as described above. During December 2018, the Operating Partnership elected to pay less than $0.1 million in cash, at a cost of $2.636 per unit, to a holder of 8,120 special common units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership upon the exercise of the holder's conversion rights.
ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA (CBL & Associates Properties, Inc.)
(In thousands, except per share data)

| Year Ended December 31, (1)
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Total revenues | $ | 858,557 |  |  | $ | 927,252 |  |  | $ | 1,028,257 |  |  | $ | 1,055,018 |  |  | $ | 1,060,739 |
Total operating expenses | (774,835 | ) |  | (694,690 | ) |  | (774,629 | ) |  | (777,434 | ) |  | (685,596 | )
Total other income (expenses) | (182,951 | ) |  | (73,580 | ) |  | (58,097 | ) |  | (158,569 | ) |  | (122,164 | )
Income (loss) from continuing operations | (99,229 | ) |  | 158,982 |  |  | 195,531 |  |  | 119,015 |  |  | 252,979 |
Discontinued operations | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 54 |
Net income (loss) | (99,229 | ) |  | 158,982 |  |  | 195,531 |  |  | 119,015 |  |  | 253,033 |
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Partnership | 19,688 |  |  | (12,652 | ) |  | (21,537 | ) |  | (10,171 | ) |  | (30,106 | )
Other consolidated subsidiaries | 973 |  |  | (25,390 | ) |  | (1,112 | ) |  | (5,473 | ) |  | (3,777 | )
Net income (loss) attributable to the Company | (78,568 | ) |  | 120,940 |  |  | 172,882 |  |  | 103,371 |  |  | 219,150 |
Preferred dividends | (44,892 | ) |  | (44,892 | ) |  | (44,892 | ) |  | (44,892 | ) |  | (44,892 | )
Net income (loss) available to common shareholders | $ | (123,460 | ) |  | $ | 76,048 |  |  | $ | 127,990 |  |  | $ | 58,479 |  |  | $ | 174,258 |
Basic per share data attributable to common shareholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of preferred dividends | $ | (0.72 | ) |  | $ | 0.44 |  |  | $ | 0.75 |  |  | $ | 0.34 |  |  | $ | 1.02 |
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders | $ | (0.72 | ) |  | $ | 0.44 |  |  | $ | 0.75 |  |  | $ | 0.34 |  |  | $ | 1.02 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding | 172,486 |  |  | 171,070 |  |  | 170,762 |  |  | 170,476 |  |  | 170,247 |
Diluted per share data attributable to common shareholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of preferred dividends | $ | (0.72 | ) |  | $ | 0.44 |  |  | $ | 0.75 |  |  | $ | 0.34 |  |  | $ | 1.02 |
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders | $ | (0.72 | ) |  | $ | 0.44 |  |  | $ | 0.75 |  |  | $ | 0.34 |  |  | $ | 1.02 |
Weighted-average common and potential dilutive common shares outstanding | 172,486 |  |  | 171,070 |  |  | 170,836 |  |  | 170,499 |  |  | 170,247 |
Amounts attributable to common shareholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of preferred dividends | $ | (123,460 | ) |  | $ | 76,048 |  |  | $ | 127,990 |  |  | $ | 58,479 |  |  | $ | 174,212 |
Discontinued operations | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 46 |
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders | $ | (123,460 | ) |  | $ | 76,048 |  |  | $ | 127,990 |  |  | $ | 58,479 |  |  | $ | 174,258 |
Dividends declared per common share | $ | 0.675 |  |  | $ | 0.995 |  |  | $ | 1.060 |  |  | $ | 1.060 |  |  | $ | 1.000 |

(1) | Please refer to Notes 4, 6 and 16 to the consolidated financial statements for a description of acquisitions, joint venture transactions and impairment charges that have impacted the comparability of the financial information presented.

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| December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
BALANCE SHEET DATA: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net investment in real estate assets | $ | 4,785,526 |  |  | $ | 5,156,835 |  |  | $ | 5,520,539 |  |  | $ | 5,857,953 |  |  | $ | 5,947,175 |
Total assets | 5,340,853 |  |  | 5,704,808 |  |  | 6,104,640 |  |  | 6,479,991 |  |  | 6,599,172 |
Mortgage and other indebtedness, net | 4,043,180 |  |  | 4,230,845 |  |  | 4,465,294 |  |  | 4,710,628 |  |  | 4,683,333 |
Redeemable noncontrolling interests | 3,575 |  |  | 8,835 |  |  | 17,996 |  |  | 25,330 |  |  | 37,559 |
Total shareholders' equity | 964,137 |  |  | 1,140,004 |  |  | 1,228,714 |  |  | 1,284,970 |  |  | 1,406,552 |
Noncontrolling interests | 68,028 |  |  | 96,474 |  |  | 112,138 |  |  | 114,629 |  |  | 143,376 |
Total equity | 1,032,165 |  |  | 1,236,478 |  |  | 1,340,852 |  |  | 1,399,599 |  |  | 1,549,928 |

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
OTHER DATA: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash flows provided by (used in): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating activities | $ | 377,242 |  |  | $ | 430,397 |  |  | $ | 468,579 |  |  | $ | 495,015 |  |  | $ | 468,061 |
Investing activities | (27,469 | ) |  | (75,812 | ) |  | 9,988 |  |  | (265,306 | ) |  | (239,735 | )
Financing activities | (360,433 | ) |  | (351,482 | ) |  | (485,074 | ) |  | (236,246 | ) |  | (260,768 | )
FFO allocable to Operating Partnership common unitholders (1) | 339,803 |  |  | 434,613 |  |  | 538,198 |  |  | 481,068 |  |  | 545,514 |
FFO allocable to common shareholders | 293,658 |  |  | 373,028 |  |  | 460,052 |  |  | 410,592 |  |  | 465,160 |

(1) | Please refer to Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for the definition of FFO, which does not represent cash flows from operations as defined by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") and is not necessarily indicative of the cash available to fund all cash requirements. A reconciliation of net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders to FFO allocable to Operating Partnership common unitholders is presented on page 77.

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA (CBL & Associates Limited Partnership)
(In thousands, except per unit data)

| Year Ended December 31, (1)
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Total revenues | $ | 858,557 |  |  | $ | 927,252 |  |  | $ | 1,028,257 |  |  | $ | 1,055,018 |  |  | $ | 1,060,739 |
Total operating expenses | (774,835 | ) |  | (694,690 | ) |  | (774,629 | ) |  | (777,434 | ) |  | (685,596 | )
Total other income (expenses) | (182,951 | ) |  | (73,580 | ) |  | (58,097 | ) |  | (158,569 | ) |  | (122,164 | )
Income (loss) from continuing operations | (99,229 | ) |  | 158,982 |  |  | 195,531 |  |  | 119,015 |  |  | 252,979 |
Discontinued operations | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 54 |
Net income (loss) | (99,229 | ) |  | 158,982 |  |  | 195,531 |  |  | 119,015 |  |  | 253,033 |
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | 973 |  |  | (25,390 | ) |  | (1,112 | ) |  | (5,473 | ) |  | (3,777 | )
Net income (loss) attributable to the Operating Partnership | (98,256 | ) |  | 133,592 |  |  | 194,419 |  |  | 113,542 |  |  | 249,256 |
Distributions to preferred unitholders | (44,892 | ) |  | (44,892 | ) |  | (44,892 | ) |  | (44,892 | ) |  | (44,892 | )
Net income (loss) available to common unitholders | $ | (143,148 | ) |  | $ | 88,700 |  |  | $ | 149,527 |  |  | $ | 68,650 |  |  | $ | 204,364 |
Basic per unit data attributable to common unitholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of preferred distributions | $ | (0.72 | ) |  | $ | 0.45 |  |  | $ | 0.75 |  |  | $ | 0.34 |  |  | $ | 1.02 |
Net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders | $ | (0.72 | ) |  | $ | 0.45 |  |  | $ | 0.75 |  |  | $ | 0.34 |  |  | $ | 1.02 |
Weighted-average common units outstanding | 199,580 |  |  | 199,322 |  |  | 199,764 |  |  | 199,734 |  |  | 199,660 |

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| Year Ended December 31, (1)
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Diluted per unit data attributable to common unitholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of preferred distributions | $ | (0.72 | ) |  | $ | 0.45 |  |  | $ | 0.75 |  |  | $ | 0.34 |  |  | $ | 1.02 |
Net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders | $ | (0.72 | ) |  | $ | 0.45 |  |  | $ | 0.75 |  |  | $ | 0.34 |  |  | $ | 1.02 |
Weighted-average common and potential dilutive common units outstanding | 199,580 |  |  | 199,322 |  |  | 199,838 |  |  | 199,757 |  |  | 199,660 |
Amounts attributable to common unitholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of preferred distributions | $ | (143,148 | ) |  | $ | 88,700 |  |  | $ | 149,527 |  |  | $ | 68,650 |  |  | $ | 204,318 |
Discontinued operations | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 46 |
Net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders | $ | (143,148 | ) |  | $ | 88,700 |  |  | $ | 149,527 |  |  | $ | 68,650 |  |  | $ | 204,364 |
Distributions per unit | $ | 0.71 |  |  | $ | 1.03 |  |  | $ | 1.09 |  |  | $ | 1.09 |  |  | $ | 1.03 |

(1) | Please refer to Notes 4, 6 and 16 to the consolidated financial statements for a description of acquisitions, joint venture transactions and impairment charges that have impacted the comparability of the financial information presented.

| December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
BALANCE SHEET DATA: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net investment in real estate assets | $ | 4,785,526 |  |  | $ | 5,156,835 |  |  | $ | 5,520,539 |  |  | $ | 5,857,953 |  |  | $ | 5,947,175 |
Total assets | 5,341,217 |  |  | 5,705,168 |  |  | 6,104,997 |  |  | 6,840,430 |  |  | 6,599,600 |
Mortgage and other indebtedness, net | 4,043,180 |  |  | 4,230,845 |  |  | 4,465,294 |  |  | 4,710,628 |  |  | 4,683,333 |
Redeemable interests | 3,575 |  |  | 8,835 |  |  | 17,996 |  |  | 25,330 |  |  | 37,559 |
Total partners' capital | 1,020,347 |  |  | 1,227,067 |  |  | 1,329,076 |  |  | 1,395,162 |  |  | 1,541,533 |
Noncontrolling interests | 12,111 |  |  | 9,701 |  |  | 12,103 |  |  | 4,876 |  |  | 8,908 |
Total capital | 1,032,458 |  |  | 1,236,768 |  |  | 1,341,179 |  |  | 1,400,038 |  |  | 1,550,441 |

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
OTHER DATA: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash flows provided by (used in): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating activities | $ | 377,242 |  |  | $ | 430,405 |  |  | $ | 468,577 |  |  | $ | 495,022 |  |  | $ | 468,063 |
Investing activities | (27,469 | ) |  | (75,812 | ) |  | 9,988 |  |  | (265,306 | ) |  | (239,735 | )
Financing activities | (360,433 | ) |  | (351,482 | ) |  | (485,075 | ) |  | (236,246 | ) |  | (260,768 | )

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes that are included in this annual report. Capitalized terms used, but not defined, in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations have the same meanings as defined in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Executive Overview
We are a self-managed, self-administered, fully integrated REIT that is engaged in the ownership, development, acquisition, leasing, management and operation of regional shopping malls, open-air and mixed-use centers, outlet centers, associated centers, community centers and office properties. Our shopping centers are located in 26 states, but are primarily in the southeastern and midwestern United States. We have elected to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.
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We conduct substantially all of our business through the Operating Partnership. The Operating Partnership consolidates the financial statements of all entities in which it has a controlling financial interest or where it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE. See Item 1. Business for a description of the number of Properties owned and under development as of December 31, 2018.
We had a net loss for the year ended December 31, 2018 of $99.2 million as compared to net income of $159.0 million in the prior-year period, which was primarily due to a $103.1 million increase in non-cash impairment losses primarily related to four malls. Same-center NOI (see below) decreased 6.0% as compared to the prior-year period. Stabilized mall same-center sales per square foot increased to $377 for the current year from $375 for the prior-year period. Diluted earnings per share ("EPS") attributable to common shareholders was ($0.72) per diluted share for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $0.44 per diluted share for the prior-year period. FFO, as adjusted, per diluted share (see below) decreased 16.8% for the year ended December 31, 2018 to $1.73 per diluted share as compared to $2.08 per diluted share in the prior-year period.
2018 was a challenging year for us as the bankruptcy filings of Bon-Ton and Sears contributed to over 40 announced anchor closures. The rent loss from these vacant anchors as well as other rent reductions and store closures related to bankrupt or struggling small shop tenants has significantly impacted our current income stream. In the long term, these closures provide us the opportunity to repurpose the space and provide more dynamic and vibrant uses, such as entertainment, dining and other non-apparel tenants, which attract today's consumers. In 2018, over 67% of our total new leasing was executed with non-apparel tenants.
Average leasing spreads for comparable space under 10,000 square feet in our stabilized malls were down 10.8% for leases signed in 2018, including a 12.5% decrease in renewal lease rates and a 1.7% decrease for new leases. Average annual base rents for our same-center malls pool also decreased to $25.02 as of December 31, 2018 compared to $26.22 for the prior-year period.
In addition to an active redevelopment program, we replaced our unsecured credit facilities and unsecured term loans with a new $1.185 billion secured facility with 16 banks that closed in January 2019, which provides us the flexibility to execute on our operational and redevelopment goals. See Liquidity and Capital Resources section for more information. We are optimistic that the strategies in place to redevelop our Properties and diversify our tenant mix will contribute to stabilization of our portfolio and revenues in future years.
Same-center NOI and FFO are non-GAAP measures. For a description of same-center NOI, a reconciliation from net income to same-center NOI, and an explanation of why we believe this is a useful performance measure, see Non-GAAP Measure - Same-center Net Operating Income in “Results of Operations.” For a description of FFO and FFO, as adjusted, a reconciliation from net income attributable to common shareholders to FFO allocable to Operating Partnership common unitholders, and an explanation of why we believe this is a useful performance measure, see Non-GAAP Measure - Funds from Operations within the "Liquidity and Capital Resources" section.
Results of Operations
Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2018 to the Year Ended December 31, 2017
Properties that were in operation for the entire year during both 2018 and 2017 are referred to as the “2018 Comparable Properties.” Since January 1, 2017, we have opened one outlet center development, one self-storage facility and one community center as follows:

Property |  | Location |  | Date Opened
The Outlet Shoppes at Laredo (1) |  | Laredo, TX |  | April 2017
EastGate Mall - CubeSmart Self-storage (2) |  | Cincinnati, OH |  | September 2018
The Shoppes at Eagle Point (2) |  | Cookeville, TN |  | November 2018

(1) | The Outlet Shoppes at Laredo is a 65/35 joint venture.

(2) | A 50/50 joint venture that is accounted for using the equity method of accounting and is included in equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

The Outlet Shoppes at Laredo is included in our operations on a consolidated basis and is referred to as the "2018 New Property."
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Revenues

|  | Total for the Year Ended December 31, |  |  |  | Comparable Properties |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | Change |  | Core |  | Non-core |  | New |  | Dispositions |  | Change
Minimum rents |  | $ | 588,007 |  |  | $ | 624,161 |  |  | $ | (36,154 | ) |  | $ | (19,843 | ) |  | $ | (2,157 | ) |  | $ | 740 |  |  | $ | (14,894 | ) |  | $ | (36,154 | )
Percentage rents |  | 11,759 |  |  | 11,874 |  |  | (115 | ) |  | 230 |  |  | (46 | ) |  | 8 |  |  | (307 | ) |  | (115 | )
Other rents (1) |  | 12,034 |  |  | 19,008 |  |  | (6,974 | ) |  | (6,429 | ) |  | (344 | ) |  | (34 | ) |  | (167 | ) |  | (6,974 | )
Tenant reimbursements (1) |  | 217,313 |  |  | 254,552 |  |  | (37,239 | ) |  | (32,475 | ) |  | (1,843 | ) |  | 856 |  |  | (3,777 | ) |  | (37,239 | )
|  | 829,113 |  |  | 909,595 |  |  | (80,482 | ) |  | (58,517 | ) |  | (4,390 | ) |  | 1,570 |  |  | (19,145 | ) |  | (80,482 | )
Management, development and leasing fees |  | 10,542 |  |  | 11,982 |  |  | (1,440 | ) |  | (1,440 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,440 | )
Other (1) |  | 18,902 |  |  | 5,675 |  |  | 13,227 |  |  | 13,571 |  |  | 225 |  |  | (294 | ) |  | (275 | ) |  | 13,227 |
Total revenues |  | $ | 858,557 |  |  | $ | 927,252 |  |  | $ | (68,695 | ) |  | $ | (46,386 | ) |  | $ | (4,165 | ) |  | $ | 1,276 |  |  | $ | (19,420 | ) |  | $ | (68,695 | )

(1) | In 2018, common area maintenance revenues from anchor-owned spaces and outparcels that are owned by others were reclassified from tenant reimbursements to other revenues as part of the adoption of ASC 606. Also, in conjunction with the adoption of ASC 606 in 2018, marketing revenues were reclassified from other rents to other revenues.

Minimum rents and tenant reimbursements from the Comparable Properties declined in 2018 primarily due to store closures and rent concessions for tenants with high occupancy cost levels, including tenants that declared bankruptcy in 2017 and 2018.
Our cost recovery ratio was 89.4% for 2018 compared to 97.7% for 2017. The decline was primarily driven by lower occupancy and the bankruptcy activity as noted above. The comparability of the ratio is also negatively impacted by the industry trend to move to gross leases.
The decrease in management, development and leasing fees of $1.4 million was primarily due to terminated contracts for three malls owned by third parties, which we had been managing, that were sold to new owners.
The increase in other revenues includes $6.3 million of marketing revenues, which upon the adoption of the new revenue guidance (see Note 3 to the condensed consolidated financial statements) were classified under other revenues. For 2017, these revenues were included in other rents in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Also, $8.4 million of the increase relates to common area maintenance revenues from anchor-owned spaces and outparcels that are owned by others. For 2017, these revenues were classified as tenant reimbursements.
Operating Expenses

|  | Total for the Year Ended December 31, |  |  |  | Comparable Properties |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | Change |  | Core |  | Non-core |  | New |  | Dispositions |  | Change
Property operating |  | $ | 122,017 |  |  | $ | 128,030 |  |  | $ | (6,013 | ) |  | $ | (2,972 | ) |  | $ | (103 | ) |  | $ | 907 |  |  | $ | (3,845 | ) |  | $ | (6,013 | )
Real estate taxes |  | 82,291 |  |  | 83,917 |  |  | (1,626 | ) |  | (2,145 | ) |  | 647 |  |  | 793 |  |  | (921 | ) |  | (1,626 | )
Maintenance and repairs |  | 48,304 |  |  | 48,606 |  |  | (302 | ) |  | 1,335 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 63 |  |  | (1,720 | ) |  | (302 | )
Property operating expenses |  | 252,612 |  |  | 260,553 |  |  | (7,941 | ) |  | (3,782 | ) |  | 564 |  |  | 1,763 |  |  | (6,486 | ) |  | (7,941 | )
Depreciation and amortization |  | 285,401 |  |  | 299,090 |  |  | (13,689 | ) |  | (3,469 | ) |  | (3,959 | ) |  | 1,603 |  |  | (7,864 | ) |  | (13,689 | )
General and administrative |  | 61,506 |  |  | 58,466 |  |  | 3,040 |  |  | 3,102 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (43 | ) |  | (20 | ) |  | 3,040 |
Loss on impairment |  | 174,529 |  |  | 71,401 |  |  | 103,128 |  |  | 101,000 |  |  | (12,211 | ) |  | — |  |  | 14,339 |  |  | 103,128 |
Other |  | 787 |  |  | 5,180 |  |  | (4,393 | ) |  | (4,393 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,393 | )
Total operating expenses |  | $ | 774,835 |  |  | $ | 694,690 |  |  | $ | 80,145 |  |  | $ | 92,458 |  |  | $ | (15,605 | ) |  | $ | 3,323 |  |  | $ | (31 | ) |  | $ | 80,145 |

Property operating expenses of the Comparable Properties declined in 2018 primarily due to reductions in utilities, payroll, security and marketing expenses, which were partially offset by an increase in bad debt expense. Real estate taxes of the Comparable Properties declined primarily due to reduced property taxes at several Properties. These
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declines were partially offset by an increase in maintenance and repairs expense primarily due to an increase in snow removal and parking area expenses.
The $3.5 million decrease in depreciation and amortization expense of the Comparable Properties is primarily attributable to a decline of $6.9 million due to a higher level of write-offs of tenant improvements and in-place lease assets in the prior-year period related to store closures as a result of tenant bankruptcies, partially offset by an increase in depreciation expense related to capital expenditures for redevelopments and deferred maintenance.
General and administrative expenses increased $3.0 million as compared to the prior-year period primarily due to expense related to the retirement of our Chief Operating Officer and higher legal expenses.
During 2018, we recognized impairments of real estate of $174.5 million primarily to write down the book value of four malls and undeveloped land. See Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information on these impairments.
Other expenses decreased $4.4 million due to a reduction in abandoned projects expense.
Other Income and Expenses
Interest and other income increased $0.2 million in 2018 compared to the prior-year period primarily due to an increase in corporate interest income. In addition, insurance proceeds slightly increased due to claims resulting from properties impacted by Hurricane Florence.
Interest expense increased $1.4 million in 2018 compared to the prior-year period. The increase was primarily due to an additional $18.8 million in corporate-level interest expense related to an additional $225.0 million of senior unsecured notes that were issued in September 2017, as well as using our credit lines to retire higher-rate secured debt. This increase was partially offset by a decrease of $17.9 million in lower property-level interest expense related to the retirement of the higher-rate secured debt and property dispositions.
The income tax benefit of $1.6 million in 2018 relates to the Management Company, which is a taxable REIT subsidiary, and consists of a current tax provision of $1.3 million and a deferred tax benefit of $2.9 million. The income tax benefit of $1.9 million in 2017 consists of a current tax benefit of $6.4 million and a deferred tax provision of $4.5 million.
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates decreased by $8.3 million during 2018. The decrease is primarily attributable to a $1.0 million loss on impairment related to our 10% investment in an unconsolidated affiliate, as described in Note 6, and decreases in base rent, percentage rent and tenant reimbursements at several properties primarily due to store closures and rent concessions for tenants with high occupancy cost levels, including tenants in bankruptcy.
In 2018, we recognized $19.0 million of gain on sales of real estate assets including $7.5 million for the sale of four operating properties and $11.5 million related to the sale of 12 outparcels. In 2017, we recognized a $93.8 million gain on sales of real estate assets, which related to the sale of an outlet center and 12 outparcels
Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2017 to the Year Ended December 31, 2016
Properties that were in operation for the entire year during both 2017 and 2016 are referred to as the “2017 Comparable Properties.” Since January 1, 2016, we have opened one community center development and one outlet center development as follows:

Property |  | Location |  | Date Opened
Ambassador Town Center (1) |  | Lafayette, LA |  | April 2016
The Outlet Shoppes at Laredo (2) |  | Laredo, TX |  | April 2017

(1) | Ambassador Town Center is a 65/35 joint venture that is accounted for using the equity method of accounting and is included in equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

(2) | The Outlet Shoppes at Laredo is a 65/35 joint venture.

The Outlet Shoppes at Laredo is referred to as the "2017 New Property" in the following discussion.
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Revenues

|  | Total for the Year Ended December 31, |  |  |  | Comparable Properties |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | Change |  | Core |  | Non-core |  | New |  | Dispositions |  | Change
Minimum rents |  | $ | 624,161 |  |  | $ | 670,565 |  |  | $ | (46,404 | ) |  | $ | (11,395 | ) |  | $ | (525 | ) |  | $ | 4,564 |  |  | $ | (39,048 | ) |  | $ | (46,404 | )
Percentage rents |  | 11,874 |  |  | 17,803 |  |  | (5,929 | ) |  | (4,920 | ) |  | 48 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,057 | ) |  | (5,929 | )
Other rents |  | 19,008 |  |  | 23,110 |  |  | (4,102 | ) |  | (2,752 | ) |  | (68 | ) |  | 117 |  |  | (1,399 | ) |  | (4,102 | )
Tenant reimbursements |  | 254,552 |  |  | 280,438 |  |  | (25,886 | ) |  | (9,806 | ) |  | (307 | ) |  | 2,002 |  |  | (17,775 | ) |  | (25,886 | )
|  | 909,595 |  |  | 991,916 |  |  | (82,321 | ) |  | (28,873 | ) |  | (852 | ) |  | 6,683 |  |  | (59,279 | ) |  | (82,321 | )
Management, development and leasing fees |  | 11,982 |  |  | 14,925 |  |  | (2,943 | ) |  | (2,943 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,943 | )
Other |  | 5,675 |  |  | 21,416 |  |  | (15,741 | ) |  | (403 | ) |  | (4 | ) |  | 1,042 |  |  | (16,376 | ) |  | (15,741 | )
Total revenues |  | $ | 927,252 |  |  | $ | 1,028,257 |  |  | $ | (101,005 | ) |  | $ | (32,219 | ) |  | $ | (856 | ) |  | $ | 7,725 |  |  | $ | (75,655 | ) |  | $ | (101,005 | )

The decrease in rental revenues of the 2017 Comparable Properties consists of a $26.2 million decrease related to our core Properties and a $3.5 million decrease attributable to non-core Properties. The decline in rental revenues and tenant reimbursements was primarily due to store closures and rental reductions related to tenants that filed bankruptcy as well as a decrease in percentage rents due to a decline in tenant sales.
Our cost recovery ratio was 97.7% for 2017 compared to 99.6% for 2016. The 2017 cost recovery ratio was lower due to a decline in tenant reimbursements as a result of store closures and rental reductions related to tenants that filed bankruptcy.
The decrease in management, development and leasing fees of $2.9 million was due to a $1.8 million decrease in management fees, development fees and leasing commissions as a result of terminated contracts for three malls owned by third parties that were sold to new owners, which we had been managing and two leasing agreements which ended in 2016. Additionally, we received $1.0 million in the prior-year period from financing fees related to loans secured by two malls and two community centers.
In the fourth quarter of 2016 the Company's interest in the subsidiary that provided security and maintenance services to third parties was purchased by its joint venture partner. The Company's exit from this joint venture drove the majority of the decrease in other revenues of $15.7 million. See Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements for more information.
Operating Expenses

|  | Total for the Year Ended December 31, |  |  |  | Comparable Properties |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | Change |  | Core |  | Non-core |  | New |  | Dispositions |  | Change
Property operating |  | $ | 128,030 |  |  | $ | 137,760 |  |  | $ | (9,730 | ) |  | $ | 3,098 |  |  | $ | 105 |  |  | $ | 2,609 |  |  | $ | (15,542 | ) |  | $ | (9,730 | )
Real estate taxes |  | 83,917 |  |  | 90,110 |  |  | (6,193 | ) |  | 1,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 986 |  |  | (8,179 | ) |  | (6,193 | )
Maintenance and repairs |  | 48,606 |  |  | 53,585 |  |  | (4,979 | ) |  | (621 | ) |  | (101 | ) |  | 206 |  |  | (4,463 | ) |  | (4,979 | )
Property operating expenses |  | 260,553 |  |  | 281,455 |  |  | (20,902 | ) |  | 3,477 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 3,801 |  |  | (28,184 | ) |  | (20,902 | )
Depreciation and amortization |  | 299,090 |  |  | 292,693 |  |  | 6,397 |  |  | 23,833 |  |  | (275 | ) |  | 3,480 |  |  | (20,641 | ) |  | 6,397 |
General and administrative |  | 58,466 |  |  | 63,332 |  |  | (4,866 | ) |  | (4,886 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | 21 |  |  | (4,866 | )
Loss on impairment |  | 71,401 |  |  | 116,822 |  |  | (45,421 | ) |  | 25,126 |  |  | 42,364 |  |  | — |  |  | (112,911 | ) |  | (45,421 | )
Other |  | 5,180 |  |  | 20,326 |  |  | (15,146 | ) |  | 5,124 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (20,270 | ) |  | (15,146 | )
Total operating expenses |  | $ | 694,690 |  |  | $ | 774,628 |  |  | $ | (79,938 | ) |  | $ | 52,674 |  |  | $ | 42,092 |  |  | $ | 7,281 |  |  | $ | (181,985 | ) |  | $ | (79,938 | )

The increase in property operating expenses attributable to the 2017 Comparable Properties was primarily due to increases in real estate taxes and bad debt expense, partially offset by a decrease in snow removal costs.
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The $23.5 million increase attributable to the 2017 Comparable Properties includes $12.1 million of depreciation and amortization expense related to the Sears and Macy's buildings, which were acquired in the first quarter of 2017, in addition to an increase of $6.1 million in tenant improvement write-offs related to store closures.
General and administrative expenses decreased $4.9 million as compared to the prior-year period. General and administrative expenses for 2017 include $0.1 million of expense related to litigation settlements. General and administrative expenses for 2016 include $2.3 million of non-recurring professional fees expense (which represent one-time expenses that are not part of our normal operations) related to the 2016 completed SEC investigation and $2.6 million of expense related to litigation settlements. Excluding the impact of these items, general and administrative expenses decreased approximately $0.1 million as compared to the prior year. The $0.1 million decrease was primarily due to an increase in capitalized overhead related to development projects and a decrease in payroll and related expenses, partially offset by increases in information technology and stock-based compensation.
During 2017, we recognized impairments of real estate of $71.4 million primarily to write down the book value of two malls. During 2016, we recorded impairments of real estate of $116.8 million to write down the book value of nine malls, an associated center, a community center, three office buildings and three outparcels. See Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information on these impairments.
Other expenses decreased $15.1 million due to a $20.2 million decrease from the divestiture of our interest, in the fourth quarter of 2016, in our subsidiary that provided security and maintenance services to third parties, which was partially offset by a $5.1 million increase in abandoned projects expense.
Other Income and Expenses
Interest and other income increased $0.2 million in 2017 compared to the prior-year period primarily due to $0.9 million received in the current year as an insurance reimbursement for nonrecurring professional fees expense (which represent one-time expenses that are not part of our normal operations) related to the completed SEC investigation that occurred in 2016. This increase was partially offset by a $0.6 million decrease in interest income.
Interest expense increased $2.4 million in 2017 compared to the prior-year period. Our corporate-level interest expense increased by $30.0 million primarily due to the issuance of the 2026 Notes, of which $400.0 million were issued in December 2016 and $225.0 million were issued in September 2017, and the $85.0 million net additional borrowings on our unsecured term loans in July 2017. This increase was mostly offset by a decrease of $26.1 million related to property-level debt that was retired and $1.5 million related to ongoing amortization.
During 2017, we recorded a $30.9 million gain on extinguishment of debt which primarily consisted of a $39.8 million gain related to the conveyance of three malls to the respective lenders in satisfaction of the non-recourse debt secured by the properties. This was partially offset by an $8.9 million loss related to prepayment fees for the early retirement of debt on mortgage loans secured by two malls. See Note 5 and Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements for more information.
During 2017, we recognized a $6.2 million loss on investment related to the disposition of our 25% interest in an unconsolidated joint venture. See Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information. In 2016, we recognized a gain on investments of $7.5 million which consisted of a $10.1 million gain from the redemption of our remaining investment in a Chinese real estate company, partially offset by a $2.6 million loss attributable to the divestiture of our subsidiary that provided maintenance and security services to third parties.
The income tax benefit of $1.9 million in 2017 relates to the Management Company, which is a taxable REIT subsidiary, and consists of a current tax benefit of $6.4 million and a deferred tax provision of $4.5 million. The income tax provision of $2.1 million in 2016 consists of a current and deferred tax benefit of $1.2 million and $0.9 million, respectively.
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates decreased by $94.6 million during 2017. The decrease is primarily attributable to gains on sales of real estate assets of $97.4 million, at our share, primarily related to the disposal of interests in two malls, two community centers and four office buildings in the prior-year period.
In 2017, we recognized a $93.8 million gain on sales of real estate assets, primarily related to the sale of an outlet center and 12 outparcels. In 2016, we recognized a $29.6 million gain on sales of real estate assets, which consisted primarily of $27.4 million related to the sale of a community center, an outparcel project at an outlet center and 18 outparcels and $2.2 million attributable to a parking deck project.
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Non-GAAP Measure
Same-center Net Operating Income
NOI is a supplemental non-GAAP measure of the operating performance of our shopping centers and other Properties. We define NOI as property operating revenues (rental revenues, tenant reimbursements and other income) less property operating expenses (property operating, real estate taxes and maintenance and repairs).
We compute NOI based on the Operating Partnership's pro rata share of both consolidated and unconsolidated Properties. We believe that presenting NOI and same-center NOI (described below) based on our Operating Partnership’s pro rata share of both consolidated and unconsolidated Properties is useful since we conduct substantially all of our business through our Operating Partnership and, therefore, it reflects the performance of the Properties in absolute terms regardless of the ratio of ownership interests of our common shareholders and the noncontrolling interest in the Operating Partnership. Our definition of NOI may be different than that used by other companies, and accordingly, our calculation of NOI may not be comparable to that of other companies.
Since NOI includes only those revenues and expenses related to the operations of our shopping center Properties, we believe that same-center NOI provides a measure that reflects trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, sales at the malls and operating costs and the impact of those trends on our results of operations. Our calculation of same-center NOI excludes lease termination income, straight-line rent adjustments, and amortization of above and below market lease intangibles in order to enhance the comparability of results from one period to another.
We include a Property in our same-center pool when we have owned all or a portion of the Property since January 1 of the preceding calendar year and it has been in operation for both the entire preceding calendar year ended December 31, 2017 and the current year ended December 31, 2018. New Properties are excluded from same-center NOI, until they meet this criteria. Properties excluded from the same-center pool, which would otherwise meet this criteria, are Properties that are being repositioned or Properties where we are considering alternatives for repositioning, where we intend to renegotiate the terms of the debt secured by the related Property or return the Property to the lender. Acadiana Mall, Cary Town Center and Triangle Town Center were classified as Lender Malls as of December 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2018, Hickory Point Mall was classified as a Repositioning Mall.
Due to the exclusions noted above, same-center NOI should only be used as a supplemental measure of our performance and not as an alternative to GAAP operating income (loss) or net income (loss). A reconciliation of our same-center NOI to net income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 is as follows (in thousands):

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
Net income (loss) | $ | (99,229 | ) |  | $ | 158,982 |
Adjustments: (1) |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 318,658 |  |  | 328,237 |
Interest expense | 237,892 |  |  | 236,701 |
Abandoned projects expense | 787 |  |  | 5,180 |
Gain on sales of real estate assets, net of noncontrolling interests' share | (20,608 | ) |  | (67,354 | )
Gain on extinguishment of debt, net of noncontrolling interests' share | — |  |  | (33,902 | )
Loss on investment | — |  |  | 6,197 |
Loss on impairment | 174,529 |  |  | 71,401 |
Income tax benefit | (1,551 | ) |  | (1,933 | )
Lease termination fees | (10,105 | ) |  | (4,036 | )
Straight-line rent and above- and below-market rent | 3,387 |  |  | (4,396 | )
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in other consolidated subsidiaries | 973 |  |  | (25,390 | )
General and administrative expenses | 61,506 |  |  | 58,466 |
Management fees and non-property level revenues | (14,143 | ) |  | (14,115 | )
Operating Partnership's share of property NOI | 652,096 |  |  | 714,038 |

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| Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
Non-comparable NOI | (26,582 | ) |  | (48,420 | )
Total same-center NOI | $ | 625,514 |  |  | $ | 665,618 |

(1) | Adjustments are based on our Operating Partnership's pro rata ownership share, including our share of unconsolidated affiliates and excluding noncontrolling interests' share of consolidated Properties.

Same-center NOI decreased $40.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to 2017. The NOI decline of 6.0% for 2018 was driven by revenue declines of $41.7 million, primarily driven by a $40.7 million decline in minimum rents and tenant reimbursements due to lost rent related to retailer bankruptcies and rent reductions for certain struggling retailers. Other rents and other income declined $1.3 million during the period while percentage rents increased $0.3 million. Negative leasing spreads of 10.8% for our Stabilized Mall portfolio contributed to the decline in rents. Additionally, average annual base rents for our same-center Malls were relatively flat at $32.59 as of December 31, 2018 compared to $32.52 in 2017. Operating expenses decreased $1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to 2017. The decrease was primarily due to decreases of $2.5 million in property operating expense and $2.1 million in real estate tax expense which were partially offset by an increase of $2.8 million in maintenance and repairs expense.
Operational Review
The shopping center business is, to some extent, seasonal in nature with tenants typically achieving the highest levels of sales during the fourth quarter due to the holiday season, which generally results in higher percentage rents in the fourth quarter. Additionally, the malls earn most of their rents from short-term tenants during the holiday period. Thus, occupancy levels and revenue production are generally the highest in the fourth quarter of each year. Results of operations realized in any one quarter may not be indicative of the results likely to be experienced over the course of the fiscal year.
We derive the majority of our revenues from the Mall Properties. The sources of our revenues by property type were as follows:

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
Malls | 91.2% |  | 91.5%
Other Properties | 8.8% |  | 8.5%

Mall Store Sales
Mall store sales include reporting mall tenants of 10,000 square feet or less for Stabilized Malls and exclude license agreements, which are retail contracts that are temporary or short-term in nature and generally last more than three months but less than twelve months. The following is a comparison of our same-center sales per square foot for Mall tenants of 10,000 square feet or less:

| Year Ended December 31, |  |
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | % Change
Stabilized mall same-center sales per square foot | $ | 377 |  |  | $ | 375 |  |  | 0.5%
Stabilized mall sales per square foot | $ | 377 |  |  | $ | 372 |  |  | 1.3%

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Occupancy
Our portfolio occupancy is summarized in the following table (1):

| As of December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
Total portfolio | 93.1% |  | 93.2%
Malls: |  |  |
Total Mall portfolio | 91.8% |  | 92.0%
Same-center Malls | 92.1% |  | 92.2%
Stabilized Malls | 92.1% |  | 92.1%
Non-stabilized Malls (2) | 76.7% |  | 88.4%
Other Properties: | 97.4% |  | 97.4%
Associated centers | 97.4% |  | 97.9%
Community centers | 97.2% |  | 96.8%

(1) | As noted in Item 2. Properties, excluded Properties are not included in occupancy metrics.

(2) | Represents occupancy for The Outlet Shoppes at Laredo as of December 31, 2018 and occupancy for The Outlet Shoppes of the Bluegrass and The Outlet Shoppes at Atlanta as of December 31, 2017.

Bankruptcy-related store closures impacted fourth quarter occupancy by approximately 70 basis points or 128,000 square feet. Occupancy for 2019 will be impacted by the recent bankruptcy filings of Gymboree, Charlotte Russe, Things Remembered and Payless ShoeSource. The impact of estimated closures related to these filings include approximately 137 stores or 377,000 square feet in total. Lost gross annual rent from these closures is estimated to be approximately $12.7 million, with an additional $5.5 million of gross annual rent at risk if the 29 remaining Charlotte Russe stores in our portfolio are closed should the company liquidate rather than reorganize. We are working to find replacement tenants for these locations.
Leasing
The following is a summary of the total square feet of leases signed in the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to the prior-year period:

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
Operating portfolio: |  |  |
New leases | 1,131,057 |  |  | 1,105,529 |
Renewal leases | 2,627,560 |  |  | 2,389,216 |
Development portfolio: |  |  |
New leases | 441,594 |  |  | 379,661 |
Total leased | 4,200,211 |  |  | 3,874,406 |

Average annual base rents per square foot are computed based on contractual rents in effect as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, including the impact of any rent concessions. Average annual base rents per square foot for comparable small shop space of less than 10,000 square feet were as follows for each Property type (1):

| December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
Malls: |  |  |
Same-center Stabilized Malls | $ | 32.59 |  |  | $ | 32.52 |
Stabilized Malls | 32.59 |  |  | 32.56 |
Non-stabilized Malls (2) | 25.02 |  |  | 26.22 |

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| December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
Other Properties: | 15.29 |  |  | 15.09 |
Associated centers | 13.82 |  |  | 13.85 |
Community centers | 16.72 |  |  | 15.79 |
Office buildings | 17.22 |  |  | 19.11 |

(1) | As noted in Item 2. Properties, excluded Properties are not included in base rent. Average base rents for associated centers, community centers and office buildings include all leased space, regardless of size.

(2) | Represents average annual base rents for The Outlet Shoppes at Laredo as of December 31, 2018 and average annual base rents for The Outlet Shoppes of the Bluegrass and The Outlet Shoppes at Laredo as of December 31, 2017.

Results from new and renewal leasing of comparable small shop space of less than 10,000 square feet during the year ended December 31, 2018 for spaces that were previously occupied, based on the contractual terms of the related leases inclusive of the impact of any rent concessions, are as follows:

Property Type |  | Square Feet |  | Prior Gross Rent PSF |  | New Initial Gross Rent PSF |  | % Change Initial |  | New Average Gross Rent PSF (2) |  | % Change Average
All Property Types (1) |  | 2,269,270 |  |  | $ | 39.87 |  |  | $ | 35.19 |  |  | (11.7)% |  | $ | 35.72 |  |  | (10.4)%
Stabilized Malls |  | 2,174,298 |  |  | 40.46 |  |  | 35.57 |  |  | (12.1)% |  | 36.10 |  |  | (10.8)%
New leases |  | 310,858 |  |  | 45.28 |  |  | 42.14 |  |  | (6.9)% |  | 44.52 |  |  | (1.7)%
Renewal leases |  | 1,863,440 |  |  | 39.65 |  |  | 34.48 |  |  | (13.0)% |  | 34.70 |  |  | (12.5)%

(1) | Includes Stabilized Malls, associated centers, community centers and other.

(2) | Average gross rent does not incorporate allowable future increases for recoverable CAM expenses.

New and renewal leasing activity of comparable small shop space of less than 10,000 square feet for the year ended December 31, 2018 based on commencement date is as follows:

|  | Number of Leases |  | Square Feet |  | Term (in years) |  | Initial Rent PSF |  | Average Rent PSF |  | Expiring Rent PSF |  | Initial Rent Spread |  | Average Rent Spread
Commencement 2018: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
New |  | 134 |  | 331,512 |  |  | 7.11 |  | $ | 40.29 |  |  | $ | 42.38 |  |  | $ | 41.70 |  |  | $ | (1.41 | ) |  | (3.4 | )% |  | $ | 0.68 |  |  | 1.6 | %
Renewal |  | 524 |  | 1,579,158 |  |  | 2.84 |  | 34.21 |  |  | 34.63 |  |  | 40.45 |  |  | (6.24 | ) |  | (15.4 | )% |  | (5.82 | ) |  | (14.4 | )%
Commencement 2018 Total |  | 658 |  | 1,910,670 |  |  | 3.71 |  | 35.27 |  |  | 35.97 |  |  | 40.67 |  |  | (5.40 | ) |  | (13.3 | )% |  | (4.70 | ) |  | (11.6 | )%
Commencement 2019: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
New |  | 28 |  | 73,396 |  |  | 7.88 |  | 39.74 |  |  | 42.03 |  |  | 42.03 |  |  | (2.29 | ) |  | (5.4 | )% |  | $ | — |  |  | — | %
Renewal |  | 210 |  | 772,318 |  |  | 2.84 |  | 28.48 |  |  | 28.68 |  |  | 32.49 |  |  | (4.01 | ) |  | (12.3 | )% |  | (3.81 | ) |  | (11.7 | )%
Commencement 2019 Total |  | 238 |  | 845,714 |  |  | 3.43 |  | 29.45 |  |  | 29.83 |  |  | 33.32 |  |  | (3.87 | ) |  | (11.6 | )% |  | (3.49 | ) |  | (10.5 | )%
Total 2018/2019 |  | 896 |  | 2,756,384 |  |  | 3.63 |  | $ | 33.48 |  |  | $ | 34.09 |  |  | $ | 38.41 |  |  | $ | (4.93 | ) |  | (12.8 | )% |  | $ | (4.32 | ) |  | (11.2 | )%

Negative lease spreads are expected to continue in the near term. However, we are optimistic that the 2018 positive sales trends will lead to improved lease negotiations as the year progresses. We continue to work on the diversification of our tenant mix and have executed over 67% of new leasing with non-apparel tenants in 2018. We are currently under construction, have executed agreements or are in active negotiations with a variety of uses including dining, entertainment, hotels, multi-family and other non-retail users.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
In January 2019, we closed on our new secured $1.185 billion bank facility which recast our existing lines of credit and term loans. This financing achieved a number of important goals for us including the elimination of a large facility fee, simplification of our covenants to align with the covenants on our senior unsecured notes, and addressing all our unsecured debt maturities through July 2023. The new facility consists of a $685 million secured line of credit and a $500 million secured term loan. At closing, we utilized our new line of credit to reduce the principal balance on our unsecured term loans from $695 million to $500 million. The principal balance on the term loan will be reduced by $35 million per year in quarterly installments. The facility matures in July 2023 and bears interest at a variable rate of LIBOR plus 225 basis points. The annual facility fee, to be paid quarterly, ranges from 0.25% to 0.35%, based on the unused capacity of the line of credit. The facility is secured by a portfolio of the Company's Properties consisting of 17 Malls and 3 Associated Centers and contains customary provisions upon which the Properties may be released from the collateral securing the facility. We have included pro forma covenants, as well as pro forma metrics on the unencumbered pool, in the debt section that follows.
Additionally in January 2019, we completed the sale of Cary Towne Center and the transfer of Acadiana Mall and expect to recognize an aggregate gain on extinguishment of the related $163.5 million in debt of approximately $73.6 million in the first quarter of 2019. Our total pro rata share of debt as of December 31, 2018 was $4.7 billion, a reduction of approximately $105 million from year-end 2017. We expect to use excess cash flow and proceeds from dispositions to continue to reduce the balance over time.
We derive a majority of our revenues from leases with retail tenants, which have historically been the primary source for funding short-term liquidity and capital needs such as operating expenses, debt service, tenant construction allowances, recurring capital expenditures, dividends and distributions. We believe that the combination of cash flows generated from our operations, combined with our debt and equity sources and the availability under our credit facilities will, for the foreseeable future, provide adequate liquidity to meet our cash needs. In addition to these factors, we have options available to us to generate additional liquidity, including but not limited to, debt and equity offerings, joint venture investments, net proceeds from dispositions, issuances of noncontrolling interests in our Operating Partnership, and decreasing expenditures related to tenant construction allowances and other capital expenditures. We also generate revenues from sales of peripheral land at our Properties and from sales of real estate assets when it is determined that we can realize an optimal value for the assets.
Cash Flows - Operating, Investing and Financing Activities
There was $57.5 million of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as of December 31, 2018, a decrease of $10.7 million from December 31, 2017. Of this amount, $25.1 million was unrestricted cash as of December 31, 2018. Our net cash flows are summarized as follows (in thousands):

| Year Ended December 31, |  |  |  | Year Ended December 31, |  |
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | Change |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | Change
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 377,242 |  |  | $ | 430,397 |  |  | $ | (53,155 | ) |  | $ | 430,397 |  |  | $ | 468,579 |  |  | $ | (38,182 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | (27,469 | ) |  | (75,812 | ) |  | 48,343 |  |  | (75,812 | ) |  | 9,988 |  |  | (85,800 | )
Net cash used in financing activities | (360,433 | ) |  | (351,482 | ) |  | (8,951 | ) |  | (351,482 | ) |  | (485,074 | ) |  | 133,592 |
Net cash flows | $ | (10,660 | ) |  | $ | 3,103 |  |  | $ | (13,763 | ) |  | $ | 3,103 |  |  | $ | (6,507 | ) |  | $ | 9,610 |

Cash Provided by Operating Activities

• | Cash provided by operating activities during 2018 decreased $53.2 million to $377.2 million from $430.4 million during 2017. The decrease in operating cash flows was primarily due to 2018 and 2017 asset sales, the impact of lost rent due to bankruptcies and rent reductions and anchor store closures.

• | Cash provided by operating activities during 2017 decreased $38.2 million to $430.4 million from $468.6 million during 2016. The decrease in operating cash flows was primarily due to 2017 and 2016 asset sales, an increase in cash paid for interest related to the Notes, and the impact of lower occupancy and rent reductions on revenues and lower percentage rent due to lower sales.

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Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities

• | Cash used in investing activities during 2018 was $27.5 million, representing a $48.3 million difference as compared to cash used by investing activities of $75.8 million in the prior-year period. The cash outflow for 2018 was primarily related to redevelopment expenditures as we continue to transform our properties by adding new retailers and new uses. These expenditures were partially offset by proceeds from the sales of four properties and 12 outparcels. The difference in cash used by investing activities during 2018 as compared to 2017 primarily relates to the acquisition of several Macy's and Sears locations in 2017.

• | Cash used in investing activities during 2017 was $75.8 million, representing an $85.8 million difference as compared to cash provided by investing activities of $10.0 million in the prior-year period. The change in 2017 was due to the 2017 acquisition of several Macy's and Sears locations combined with the effect of a much higher level of net proceeds from sales of consolidated and unconsolidated Properties during 2016.

Cash Used in Financing Activities

• | Cash flows used in financing activities during 2018 was $360.4 million as compared to $351.5 million in the prior-year period. The cash outflow in 2018 reflects a decrease in borrowings due to proceeds from sales of properties being used to reduce existing debt, which was partially offset by the reduction in the common stock dividend from $0.265 per share to $0.200 per share for each quarter of 2018 as compared to the corresponding quarters of 2017.

• | Cash flows used in financing activities during 2017 was $351.5 million as compared to $485.1 million in the prior-year period. In 2016, a greater amount of proceeds from sales of properties were used to reduce the outstanding balances on our lines of credit, resulting in higher cash used for financing activities.

Debt of the Company
CBL has no indebtedness. Either the Operating Partnership or one of its consolidated subsidiaries, that it has a direct or indirect ownership interest in, is the borrower on all of our debt.
CBL is a limited guarantor of the Notes, as described in Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements, for losses suffered solely by reason of fraud or willful misrepresentation by the Operating Partnership or its affiliates. We also provide a similar limited guarantee of the Operating Partnership's obligations with respect to our unsecured credit facilities and three unsecured term loans as of December 31, 2018.
Debt of the Operating Partnership
The following tables summarize debt based on our pro rata ownership share, including our pro rata share of unconsolidated affiliates and excluding noncontrolling investors’ share of consolidated Properties, because we believe this provides investors and lenders a clearer understanding of our total debt obligations and liquidity (in thousands):

December 31, 2018: | Consolidated |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  | Unconsolidated Affiliates |  | Total |  | Weighted- Average Interest Rate (1)
Fixed-rate debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-recourse loans on operating Properties | $ | 1,783,097 |  |  | $ | (94,361 | ) |  | $ | 540,068 |  |  | $ | 2,228,804 |  |  | 5.01%
Recourse loans on operating Properties | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,605 |  |  | 10,605 |  |  | 3.74%
Senior unsecured notes due 2023 (2) | 447,423 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 447,423 |  |  | 5.25%
Senior unsecured notes due 2024 (3) | 299,953 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 299,953 |  |  | 4.60%
Senior unsecured notes due 2026 (4) | 616,635 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 616,635 |  |  | 5.95%
Total fixed-rate debt | 3,147,108 |  |  | (94,361 | ) |  | 550,673 |  |  | 3,603,420 |  |  | 5.16%

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December 31, 2018: | Consolidated |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  | Unconsolidated Affiliates |  | Total |  | Weighted- Average Interest Rate (1)
Variable-rate debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Recourse loans on operating Properties | 68,607 |  |  | — |  |  | 96,012 |  |  | 164,619 |  |  | 4.91%
Construction loans | 8,172 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,892 |  |  | 12,064 |  |  | 5.20%
Unsecured lines of credit (5) | 183,972 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 183,972 |  |  | 3.90%
Unsecured term loans (5) (6) | 695,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 695,000 |  |  | 4.21%
Total variable-rate debt | 955,751 |  |  | — |  |  | 99,904 |  |  | 1,055,655 |  |  | 4.28%
Total fixed-rate and variable-rate debt | 4,102,859 |  |  | (94,361 | ) |  | 650,577 |  |  | 4,659,075 |  |  | 4.96%
Unamortized deferred financing costs | (15,963 | ) |  | 804 |  |  | (2,687 | ) |  | (17,846 | ) |  |
Liabilities related to assets held for sale (7) | (43,716 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (43,716 | ) |  |
Total mortgage and other indebtedness, net | $ | 4,043,180 |  |  | $ | (93,557 | ) |  | $ | 647,890 |  |  | $ | 4,597,513 |  |  |

December 31, 2017: | Consolidated |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  | Unconsolidated Affiliates |  | Total |  | Weighted- Average Interest Rate (1)
Fixed-rate debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-recourse loans on operating Properties | $ | 1,796,203 |  |  | $ | (77,155 | ) |  | $ | 521,731 |  |  | $ | 2,240,779 |  |  | 5.06%
Recourse term loans on operating Properties | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,035 |  |  | 11,035 |  |  | 3.74%
Senior unsecured notes due 2023 (2) | 446,976 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 446,976 |  |  | 5.25%
Senior unsecured notes due 2024 (3) | 299,946 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 299,946 |  |  | 4.60%
Senior unsecured notes due 2026 (4) | 615,848 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 615,848 |  |  | 5.95%
Total fixed-rate debt | 3,158,973 |  |  | (77,155 | ) |  | 532,766 |  |  | 3,614,584 |  |  | 5.19%
Variable-rate debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-recourse loans on operating Properties | 10,836 |  |  | (5,418 | ) |  | — |  |  | 5,418 |  |  | 3.37%
Recourse loans on operating Properties | 101,187 |  |  | — |  |  | 58,478 |  |  | 159,665 |  |  | 3.77%
Construction loan | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,977 |  |  | 5,977 |  |  | 4.28%
Unsecured lines of credit | 93,787 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 93,787 |  |  | 2.56%
Unsecured term loans | 885,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 885,000 |  |  | 2.81%
Total variable-rate debt | 1,090,810 |  |  | (5,418 | ) |  | 64,455 |  |  | 1,149,847 |  |  | 2.93%
Total fixed-rate and variable-rate debt | 4,249,783 |  |  | (82,573 | ) |  | 597,221 |  |  | 4,764,431 |  |  | 4.65%
Unamortized deferred financing costs | (18,938 | ) |  | 687 |  |  | (2,441 | ) |  | (20,692 | ) |  |
Total mortgage and other indebtedness, net | $ | 4,230,845 |  |  | $ | (81,886 | ) |  | $ | 594,780 |  |  | $ | 4,743,739 |  |  |

(1) | Weighted-average interest rate includes the effect of debt premiums and discounts, but excludes amortization of deferred financing costs.

(2) | The balance is net of an unamortized discount of $2,577 and $3,024, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

(3) | The balance is net of an unamortized discount of $47 and $54, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

(4) | The balance is net of an unamortized discount of $8,365 and $9,152 as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

(5) | We replaced our unsecured lines of credit and unsecured terms loans subsequent to December 31, 2018 with a new secured senior credit facility as described below.

(6) | We retired $190,000 of an unsecured term loan in July 2018. See Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

(7) | Represents a $43,716 non-recourse mortgage loan secured by Cary Towne Center that was classified on the consolidated balance sheet as liabilities related to assets held for sale. See Note 20 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for more information.

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The following table presents our pro rata share of consolidated and unconsolidated debt as of December 31, 2018, excluding debt premiums and discounts, that is scheduled to mature in 2019 (in thousands):

| Balance |  | Extended Maturity Date
Consolidated Properties: |  |  |
Greenbrier Mall | $ | 68,101 |  |  | December 2020
Hickory Point Mall | 27,446 |  |  |
Honey Creek Mall | 24,027 |  | (1) |
Volusia Mall | 41,332 |  | (1) |
The Outlet Shoppes at Atlanta - Phase II | 4,575 |  | (2) |
The Outlet Shoppes at Laredo | 54,550 |  |  | May 2021
| 220,031 |  |  |
Operating Partnership debt: |  |  |
$100,000 unsecured credit facility | 51,896 |  | (3) | October 2020
$350,000 unsecured term loan | 350,000 |  | (3) |
| 401,896 |  |  |
Total 2019 Maturities at pro rata share | $ | 621,927 |  |  |

(1) | These loans are cross-collateralized. We are in discussions with the lender to restructure this debt.

(2) | We expect to refinance the loan secured by this Property.

(3) | Subsequent to December 31, 2018, our unsecured credit facilities and unsecured term loans were replaced with a new secured bank facility. See below and Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements for more information.

As of December 31, 2018, $622.0 million of our pro rata share of consolidated and unconsolidated debt, excluding debt premiums and discounts, was scheduled to mature during 2019. Subsequent to December 31, 2018, our unsecured credit facilities and unsecured term loans were recast with a new secured facility as noted above. Of the $220.0 million of 2019 maturities, two operating property loans aggregating to $122.7 million have extension options available leaving a remaining balance of $97.3 million that must be either retired or refinanced.
In addition, $177.4 million of our pro rata share of consolidated and unconsolidated debt was related to three operating Property loans, which matured in 2017 and 2018. Acadiana Mall, which secured the $119.8 million non-recourse loan, was transferred to the lender through a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure in January 2019. The lender received the January 2019 sales proceeds related to Cary Towne Center, in satisfaction of the $43.7 million loan secured by the property, which was in default. Our pro rata share of the $13.9 million non-recourse loan secured by an unconsolidated affiliate is in default.
The weighted-average remaining term of our total share of consolidated and unconsolidated debt was 4.0 years and 4.6 years at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The weighted-average remaining term of our pro rata share of fixed-rate debt was 4.8 years and 5.4 years at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, our pro rata share of consolidated and unconsolidated variable-rate debt represented 22.8% and 24.2%, respectively, of our total pro rata share of debt. The decrease is primarily due to the retirement of the $190.0 million portion of our unsecured term loan, due in July 2018. As of December 31, 2018, our share of consolidated and unconsolidated variable-rate debt represented 18.6% of our total market capitalization (see Equity below) as compared to 17.6% as of December 31, 2017.
See Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information concerning the amount and terms of our outstanding indebtedness as of December 31, 2018.
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Credit Ratings
We had the following credit ratings as of December 31, 2018:

Rating Agency |  | Rating (1) |  | Outlook |  | Investment Grade
Fitch |  | BB- |  | Negative |  | No
Moody's |  | Ba1 |  | Negative |  | No
S&P |  | BB+ |  | Negative |  | No

(1) | Based on the Operating Partnership's unsecured long-term indebtedness.

We made a one-time irrevocable election to use our credit ratings, as defined above, to determine the interest rate on our three unsecured credit facilities and two unsecured term loans. Borrowings under our three unsecured credit facilities bore interest at LIBOR plus 155 basis points and our unsecured term loans bore interest at LIBOR plus 175 and 200 basis points, respectively, based on the credit ratings noted above. Our facility fee was 0.30% of the total capacity of each facility based on the credit ratings described above. Changes in our credit ratings may also impact terms and conditions of future borrowings in addition to adversely affecting our ability to access the public debt markets.
As noted below, the interest rate on our new secured $1.185 billion bank facility, which replaced our unsecured lines or credit and unsecured term loans in January 2019, is not dependent on our credit ratings. See below for more information.
Senior Secured Credit Facility
In January 2019, we entered into a new $1.185 billion senior secured credit facility, which includes a fully-funded $500.0 million term loan and a revolving line of credit with a borrowing capacity of $685.0 million. The senior secured credit facility replaces all of our prior unsecured bank facilities, which included three unsecured term loans with an aggregate balance of $695.0 million and three unsecured revolving lines of credit with an aggregate capacity of $1.1 billion. At closing, we used the line of credit to reduce the principal balance of the unsecured term loans from $695.0 million to $500.0 million. After this utilization and other borrowings, the new line of credit had an outstanding balance of $419.8 million, with total availability of $265.2 million at closing. The senior secured facility matures in July 2023 and bears interest at a variable rate of LIBOR plus 225 basis points. We are required to pay an annual facility fee, to be paid quarterly, which ranges from 0.25% to 0.35%, based on the unused capacity of the line of credit. The principal balance on the term loan will be reduced by $35.0 million per year, paid in quarterly installments.
The senior secured credit facility is secured by a portfolio of the Company’s Properties consisting of seventeen malls and three associated centers. The facility contains customary provisions upon which the Properties may be released from the collateral securing the Facility. The senior secured credit facility contains, among other restrictions, various restrictive covenants that are defined and computed on the same basis as the covenants required under the Notes. Such covenants relate to the Operating Partnership's and the Company's aggregate unsecured debt, aggregate secured debt, maintenance of unencumbered assets and debt service coverage. The Credit Agreement for the senior secured credit facility contains default and cross-default provisions customary for transactions of this nature (with applicable customary grace periods). Any default (i) in the payment of any recourse indebtedness greater than or equal to $50.0 million (for the Company's ownership share), or any non-recourse indebtedness greater than or equal to $150.0 million (for the Company's ownership share) or (ii) that results in the acceleration of the maturity of recourse indebtedness greater than or equal to $50.0 million (for the Company's ownership share), or any non-recourse indebtedness greater than or equal to $150.0 million (for the Company's ownership share) of the Company or the Operating Partnership will constitute an event of default under the Credit Agreement. At all times during the term of the Credit Agreement, there shall be no fewer than ten Borrowing Base Properties (as defined in the Credit Agreement) which have an aggregate occupancy rate of not less than 80% on a quarterly basis. In addition, at all times the Company shall be required to maintain a minimum debt yield of 10% for the Borrowing Base Properties based on the outstanding balance of the facility. The Credit Agreement provides that, upon the occurrence and continuation of an event of default, payment of all amounts outstanding under the facility may be accelerated and the lenders' commitments may be terminated. The Company is a limited guarantor of the Operating Partnership's obligations under the terms of the new Credit Agreement.
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Senior Unsecured Notes
The table below presents the Company's compliance with key covenant ratios, as defined, of the Notes as of December 31, 2018. Additionally, the table presents the covenant ratios on a pro forma basis after giving effect to the Company's new secured credit facility that closed in January 2019, the transfer of Acadiana Mall in January 2019, the sale of Cary Towne Center in January 2019 and the extinguishment of the debt that was secured by these two properties.

|  | Required |  | Actual |  | Pro Forma
Total debt to total assets |  | < 60% |  |  | 53% |  | 53%
Secured debt to total assets |  | <40% | (1) |  | 24% |  | 35%
Total unencumbered assets to unsecured debt |  | >150% |  |  | 212% |  | 198%
Consolidated income available for debt service to annual debt service charge |  | > 1.5x |  |  | 2.5x |  | 2.5x

(1) | Secured debt to total assets must be less than 40% for the 2026 Notes. Secured debt to total assets must be less than 45% for the 2023 Notes and the 2024 Notes until January 1, 2020, after which the required ratio will be reduced to 40%.

Subject to the need to maintain compliance with all applicable debt covenants, the Operating Partnership, or any affiliate of the Operating Partnership, may at any time, or from time to time, repurchase outstanding Notes in the open market or otherwise. Such Notes may, at the option of the Operating Partnership or the relevant affiliate of the Operating Partnership, be held, resold or surrendered to the Trustee for cancellation.
Unencumbered Consolidated Portfolio Statistics

|  |  | Sales Per Square Foot for the Year Ended (1) (2) |  | Occupancy (2) |  | % of Consolidated Unencumbered NOI for the Year Ended 12/31/18 (3)
| 12/31/18 |  | 12/31/17 |  | 12/31/18 |  | 12/31/17 |
Unencumbered consolidated Properties: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tier 1 Malls |  | $ | 407 |  |  | $ | 394 |  |  | 96.5 | % |  | 95.1 | % |  | 21.1 | %
Tier 2 Malls |  | 339 |  |  | 347 |  |  | 90.4 | % |  | 91.2 | % |  | 49.8 | %
Tier 3 Malls |  | 281 |  |  | 293 |  |  | 92.6 | % |  | 91.5 | % |  | 17.8 | %
Total Malls |  | 337 |  |  | 342 |  |  | 91.9 | % |  | 91.9 | % |  | 88.7 | %
Total Associated Centers |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | 97.1 | % |  | 97.3 | % |  | 7.4 | %
Total Community Centers |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | 98.1 | % |  | 98.3 | % |  | 2.8 | %
Total Office Buildings & Other |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | 98.3 | % |  | 94.2 | % |  | 1.1 | %
Total Unencumbered Consolidated Portfolio |  | $ | 337 |  |  | $ | 342 |  |  | 93.5 | % |  | 93.4 | % |  | 100.0 | %

(1) | Represents same-center sales per square foot for mall tenants 10,000 square feet or less for stabilized malls.

(2) | Operating metrics are included for unencumbered consolidated operating properties and do not include sales or occupancy of unencumbered parcels.

(3) | Our consolidated unencumbered properties generated approximately 58.2% of total consolidated NOI of $565,516,906 (which excludes NOI related to dispositions) for the year ended December 31, 2018.

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Pro Forma Unencumbered Consolidated Portfolio Statistics (1)

|  |  | Sales Per Square Foot for the Year Ended (2) (3) |  | Occupancy (3) |  | % of Consolidated Unencumbered NOI for the Year Ended 12/31/18 (4) |
| 12/31/18 |  | 12/31/17 |  | 12/31/18 |  | 12/31/17 |  |
Unencumbered consolidated Properties: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tier 1 Malls |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | 6.6 | % | (5)
Tier 2 Malls |  | $ | 336 |  |  | $ | 341 |  |  | 88.4 | % |  | 89.0 | % |  | 43.6 | % |
Tier 3 Malls |  | 276 |  |  | 286 |  |  | 91.8 | % |  | 90.4 | % |  | 29.2 | % |
Total Malls |  | 311 |  |  | 318 |  |  | 90.0 | % |  | 89.6 | % |  | 79.4 | % |
Total Associated Centers |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | 97.4 | % |  | 97.0 | % |  | 13.3 | % |
Total Community Centers |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | 98.1 | % |  | 98.3 | % |  | 5.8 | % |
Total Office Buildings & Other |  | N/A |  |  | N/A |  |  | 97.5 | % |  | 93.1 | % |  | 1.5 | % |
Total Unencumbered Consolidated Portfolio |  | $ | 311 |  |  | $ | 318 |  |  | 93.3 | % |  | 92.9 | % |  | 100.0 | % |

(1) | Reflects unencumbered portfolio statistics after giving effect to the Company's new secured credit facility that closed in January 2019.

(2) | Represents same-center sales per square foot for mall tenants 10,000 square feet or less for stabilized malls.

(3) | Operating metrics are included for unencumbered consolidated operating Properties and do not include sales or occupancy of unencumbered parcels.

(4) | Our consolidated unencumbered Properties generated approximately 28.4% of total consolidated NOI of $565,516,906 (which excludes NOI related to dispositions) for the year ended December 31, 2018.

(5) | NOI is derived from unencumbered portions of Tier 1 Properties, including outparcels and anchors, that are otherwise secured by a loan.

Mortgages on Operating Properties
2018 Financings
The following table presents loans, secured by the related Properties, that were entered into in 2018 (in thousands):

Date |  | Property |  | Consolidated/ Unconsolidated Property |  | Stated Interest Rate |  | Maturity Date |  | Amount Financed or Extended |  | Company's Pro Rata Share
April |  | CoolSprings Galleria (1) |  | Unconsolidated |  | 4.84% |  | May 2028 |  | $ | 155,000 |  |  | $ | 77,500 |
May |  | Hammock Landing - Phase I (2) |  | Unconsolidated |  | LIBOR + 2.25% |  | February 2021 |  | 41,997 |  |  | 20,999 |
May |  | Hammock Landing - Phase II (2) |  | Unconsolidated |  | LIBOR + 2.25% |  | February 2021 |  | 16,217 |  |  | 8,109 |
May |  | The Pavilion at Port Orange (2) |  | Unconsolidated |  | LIBOR + 2.25% |  | February 2021 |  | 56,738 |  |  | 28,369 |
August |  | Hickory Point Mall (3) |  | Consolidated |  | 5.85% |  | December 2019 |  | 27,446 |  |  | 27,446 |
September |  | The Outlet Shoppes at El Paso (4) |  | Consolidated |  | 5.10% |  | October 2028 |  | 75,000 |  |  | 56,250 |

(1) | CBL/T-C, LLC, a 50/50 joint venture, closed on a non-recourse loan. Proceeds from the loan were used to retire a $97,732 loan, which was due to mature in June 2018. See 2018 Loan Repayment below for more information. Our share of excess proceeds were used to reduce outstanding balances on our credit facilities.

(2) | The loans were amended to extend maturity dates to February 2021. Each loan has two one-year extension options for an outside maturity date of February 2023. The interest rate increased from a variable rate of LIBOR plus 2.0%. The Operating Partnership's guaranty also increased to 50%. See Note 15 for more information.

(3) | We exercised the extension option under the mortgage loan.

(4) | We own the property in a 75/25 consolidated joint venture. A portion of the proceeds from the non-recourse loan was used to retire a recourse loan secured by Phase II of The Outlet Shoppes at El Paso.

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2017 Financings
The following table presents loans, secured by the related Properties, that were entered into in 2017 (in thousands):

Date |  | Property |  | Consolidated/ Unconsolidated Property |  | Stated Interest Rate |  | Maturity Date |  | Amount Extended |  | Company's Pro Rata Share
March |  | Statesboro Crossing (1) |  | Consolidated |  | LIBOR + 1.8% |  | June 2018 |  | $ | 10,930 |  |  | $ | 5,465 |
August |  | Ambassador Town Center - Infrastructure (2) |  | Unconsolidated |  | LIBOR + 2.0% |  | August 2020 |  | 11,035 |  |  | 7,173 |

(1) | We exercised the extension option under the mortgage loan.

(2) | The loan was amended and modified to extend the maturity date. The Operating Partnership has guaranteed 100% of the loan. See Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements for information on the Operating Partnership's guaranty. The joint venture has an interest rate swap on the notional amount of the loan, amortizing to $9,360 over the term of the swap, to effectively fix the interest rate to 3.74%.

2018 Loan Repayments
We repaid the following loans, secured by the related Properties, in 2018 (in thousands):

Date |  | Property |  | Consolidated/ Unconsolidated Property |  | Interest Rate at Repayment Date |  | Scheduled Maturity Date |  | Principal Balance Repaid (1)
January |  | Kirkwood Mall |  | Consolidated |  | 5.75% |  | April 2018 |  | $ | 37,295 |
April |  | CoolSprings Galleria (2) |  | Unconsolidated |  | 6.98% |  | June 2018 |  | 97,732 |
August |  | Statesboro Crossing (3) |  | Consolidated |  | 4.24% |  | June 2019 |  | 10,753 |
September |  | The Outlet Shoppes at El Paso - Phase II (4) |  | Consolidated |  | 4.73% |  | December 2018 |  | 6,525 |

(1) | We retired the loans with borrowings from our credit facilities unless otherwise noted.

(2) | The loan secured by the Property was retired using a portion of the net proceeds from a $155,000 fixed-rate loan. See 2018 Financings above for more information.

(3) | The loan was retired in conjunction with the sale of the Property that secured the loan. See Note 5 for more information.

(4) | The loan secured by the Property was retired when the joint venture closed on a new loan in September 2018 as described above.

2017 Loan Repayments
We repaid the following loans, secured by the related Properties, in 2017 (in thousands):

Date |  | Property |  | Consolidated/ Unconsolidated Property |  | Interest Rate at Repayment Date |  | Scheduled Maturity Date |  | Principal Balance Repaid (1)
January |  | The Plaza at Fayette |  | Consolidated |  | 5.67% |  | April 2017 |  | $ | 37,146 |
January |  | The Shoppes at St. Clair |  | Consolidated |  | 5.67% |  | April 2017 |  | 18,827 |
February |  | Hamilton Corner |  | Consolidated |  | 5.67% |  | April 2017 |  | 14,227 |
March |  | Layton Hills Mall |  | Consolidated |  | 5.66% |  | April 2017 |  | 89,526 |
April |  | The Outlet Shoppes at Oklahoma City (2) |  | Consolidated |  | 5.73% |  | January 2022 |  | 53,386 |
April |  | The Outlet Shoppes at Oklahoma City - Phase II (2) |  | Consolidated |  | 3.53% |  | April 2019 |  | 5,545 |
April |  | The Outlet Shoppes at Oklahoma City - Phase III (2) |  | Consolidated |  | 3.53% |  | April 2019 |  | 2,704 |
July |  | Gulf Coast Town Center - Phase III (3) |  | Unconsolidated |  | 3.13% |  | July 2017 |  | 4,118 |
September |  | Hanes Mall (4) |  | Consolidated |  | 6.99% |  | October 2018 |  | 144,325 |
September |  | The Outlet Shoppes at El Paso |  | Consolidated |  | 7.06% |  | December 2017 |  | 61,561 |

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(1) | We retired the loans with borrowings from our credit facilities unless otherwise noted.

(2) | The loan was retired in conjunction with the sale of the Property that secured the loan. See Note 5 for more information. We recorded an $8,500 loss on extinguishment of debt due to a prepayment fee on the early retirement.

(3) | We loaned the unconsolidated affiliate, JG Gulf Coast Town Center, LLC, the amount necessary to retire the loan and received a mortgage note receivable in return. In December 2017, our partner assigned its 50% interest in the Property to us. See Note 4 and Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements for more information. This intercompany loan is eliminated in consolidation as of December 31, 2017 since the Property became wholly-owned by us.

(4) | We recorded a $371 loss on extinguishment of debt due to a prepayment fee on the early retirement.

Construction Loans
2018 Financings
The following table presents the construction loans, secured by the related Properties, that were entered into in 2018 (in thousands):

Date |  | Property |  | Consolidated/ Unconsolidated Property |  | Stated Interest Rate |  | Maturity Date (1) |  | Total Borrowing Capacity
April |  | Self-storage development - Mid Rivers Mall (2) |  | Unconsolidated |  | LIBOR + 2.75% |  | April 2023 |  | $ | 5,987 |
October |  | Brookfield Square Anchor Redevelopment (3) |  | Consolidated |  | LIBOR + 2.9% |  | October 2021 |  | 29,400 |

(1) | Excludes any extension options.

(2) | Self Storage at Mid Rivers, LLC, a 50/50 joint venture, closed on a construction loan with a total borrowing capacity of up to $5,987 for the development of a climate controlled self-storage facility adjacent to Mid Rivers Mall in St. Peters, MO. The Operating Partnership has guaranteed 100% of the loan. See Note 15 for more information.

(3) | The loan has a one-year extension option for an outside maturity of October 2022.

2017 Financings
The following table presents the construction loans, secured by the related Properties, that were entered into in 2017 (in thousands):

Date |  | Property |  | Consolidated/ Unconsolidated Property |  | Stated Interest Rate |  | Maturity Date (1) |  | Total Borrowing Capacity
October |  | The Shoppes at Eagle Point (2) |  | Unconsolidated |  | LIBOR + 2.75% |  | October 2020 |  | $ | 36,400 |
December |  | Self-storage development - EastGate Mall (3) |  | Unconsolidated |  | LIBOR + 2.75% |  | December 2022 |  | 6,500 |

(1) | Excludes any extension options.

(2) | The Shoppes at Eagle Point, LLC closed on a construction loan for the development of the property, a community center located in Cookeville, TN. The Operating Partnership has guaranteed 100% of the loan. The loan has one two-year extension option available at the unconsolidated affiliate's election, subject to compliance with the terms of the loan. The interest rate will be reduced to a variable-rate of LIBOR plus 2.35% once construction is complete and certain debt and operational metrics are met.

(3) | Eastgate Storage, LLC closed on a construction loan for the development of a climate controlled self-storage facility adjacent to EastGate Mall in Cincinnati, OH. The loan is interest only through November 2020. Thereafter, monthly principal payments of $10, in addition to interest, will be due. The Operating Partnership has guaranteed 100% of the loan.

Other
The following is a summary of our 2017 dispositions for which the title to the consolidated mall securing the related fixed-rate debt was transferred to the lender in satisfaction of the non-recourse debt (in thousands):
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Date |  | Property |  | Interest Rate at Repayment Date |  | Scheduled Maturity Date |  | Balance of Non-recourse Debt |  | Gain on Extinguishment of Debt
January |  | Midland Mall |  | 6.10% |  | August 2016 |  | $ | 31,953 |  |  | $ | 3,760 |
June |  | Chesterfield Mall |  | 5.74% |  | September 2016 |  | 140,000 |  |  | 29,187 |
August |  | Wausau Center |  | 5.85% |  | April 2021 |  | 17,689 |  |  | 6,851 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 189,642 |  |  | $ | 39,798 |

In conjunction with the divestiture of our interests in a consolidated joint venture, we were relieved of our funding obligation related to the loan secured by vacant land owned by the joint venture, which had a principal balance of $2.5 million upon the disposition of our interests in 2017. See Note 13 and Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements for more information.
Equity
At-The-Market Equity Program
We have not sold any shares under the ATM program since 2013. See Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements for a description of our ATM program.
Preferred Stock / Preferred Units
Our authorized preferred stock consists of 15,000,000 shares at $0.01 par value per share. The Operating Partnership issues an equivalent number of preferred units to CBL in exchange for the contribution of the proceeds from CBL to the Operating Partnership when CBL issues preferred stock. The preferred units generally have the same terms and economic characteristics as the corresponding series of preferred stock. See Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements for a description of our cumulative redeemable preferred stock.
Dividends - CBL
CBL paid first, second and third quarter 2018 cash dividends on its common stock of $0.200 per share on April 17 th, July 16 th and October 16, 2018, respectively. On October 29, 2018, CBL's Board of Directors declared a fourth quarter cash dividend of $0.075 per share that was paid on January 16, 2019, to shareholders of record as of December 31, 2018. Future dividends payable will be determined by CBL's Board of Directors based upon circumstances at the time of declaration.
During the year ended December 31, 2018, we paid dividends of $182.7 million to holders of our common stock and our preferred stock, as well as $35.1 million in distributions to the noncontrolling interest investors in our Operating Partnership and other consolidated subsidiaries.
Distributions - The Operating Partnership
The Operating Partnership paid first, second and third quarter 2018 cash distributions on its redeemable common units of $0.7322 per share on April 17 th, July 16 th and October 16, 2018. The Operating partnership paid first quarter cash distributions on its common units of $0.2047 per share on April 17 th. The Operating Partnership paid second and third quarter cash distributions on its common units of $0.2048 per share on July 16 th and October 16 th 2018. On October 29, 2018, the Operating Partnership declared a fourth quarter cash distribution on its redeemable common units and common units of $0.7322 and $0.0808 per share, respectively, that was paid on January 16, 2019. The distribution declared in the fourth quarter of 2018, totaling $4.2 million, is included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities at December 31, 2018. The total dividend included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities at December 31, 2017 was $7.4 million.
As a publicly traded company and, as a subsidiary of a publicly traded company, we have access to capital through both the public equity and debt markets. We currently have a shelf registration statement on file with the SEC authorizing us to publicly issue senior and/or subordinated debt securities, shares of preferred stock (or depositary shares representing fractional interests therein), shares of common stock, warrants or rights to purchase any of the foregoing securities, and units consisting of two or more of these classes or series of securities and limited guarantees of debt securities issued by the Operating Partnership. Pursuant to the shelf registration statement, the Operating Partnership is also authorized to publicly issue unsubordinated debt securities. There is no limit to the offering price or number of securities that we may issue under this shelf registration statement.
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Based on our share of total consolidated and unconsolidated debt and the market value of equity, our debt-to-total-market capitalization (debt plus market value of equity) ratio was 82.2% at December 31, 2018, compared to 73.1% at December 31, 2017. The increase in the ratio was a result of the decline in our stock price to $1.92 at December 31, 2018 from $5.66 at December 29, 2017.
Our debt-to-market capitalization ratio at December 31, 2018 was computed as follows (in thousands, except stock prices):

| Shares Outstanding |  | Stock Price (1) |  | Value
Common stock and operating partnership units | 199,415 |  |  | $ | 1.92 |  |  | $ | 382,877 |
7.375% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock | 1,815 |  |  | 250.00 |  |  | 453,750 |
6.625% Series E Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock | 690 |  |  | 250.00 |  |  | 172,500 |
Total market equity |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,009,127 |
Our share of total debt, excluding unamortized deferred financing costs |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,659,075 |
Total market capitalization |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,668,202 |
Debt-to-total-market capitalization ratio |  |  |  |  |  |  | 82.2 | %

(1) | Stock price for common stock and Operating Partnership units equals the closing price of our common stock on December 31, 2018. The stock prices for the preferred stock represent the liquidation preference of each respective series of preferred stock.

Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes our significant contractual obligations as of December 31, 2018 (in thousands):

| Payments Due By Period
| Total |  | Less Than 1 Year |  | 1-3 Years |  | 3-5 Years |  | More Than 5 Years
Long-term debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total consolidated debt service (1) | $ | 4,937,093 |  |  | $ | 1,024,703 |  |  | $ | 1,430,353 |  |  | $ | 1,142,628 |  |  | $ | 1,339,409 |
Noncontrolling interests' share in other consolidated subsidiaries | (122,153 | ) |  | (6,210 | ) |  | (13,806 | ) |  | (29,187 | ) |  | (72,950 | )
Our share of unconsolidated affiliates debt service (2) | 783,219 |  |  | 52,602 |  |  | 168,286 |  |  | 254,815 |  |  | 307,516 |
Our share of total debt service obligations | 5,598,159 |  |  | 1,071,095 |  |  | 1,584,833 |  |  | 1,368,256 |  |  | 1,573,975 |
Operating leases: (3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ground leases on consolidated Properties | 14,529,837 |  |  | 503,610 |  |  | 1,127,459 |  |  | 601,497 |  |  | 12,297,271 |
Purchase obligations: (4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction contracts on consolidated Properties | 23,979 |  |  | 23,979 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Our share of construction contracts on unconsolidated Properties | 574 |  |  | 574 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Our share of total purchase obligations | 24,553 |  |  | 24,553 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other Contractual Obligations: (5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Master Services Agreements | 95,887 |  |  | 34,868 |  |  | 61,019 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total contractual obligations | $ | 20,248,436 |  |  | $ | 1,634,126 |  |  | $ | 2,773,311 |  |  | $ | 1,969,753 |  |  | $ | 13,871,246 |

(1) | Represents principal and interest payments due under the terms of mortgage and other indebtedness, net and includes $1,012,351 of variable-rate debt service on three operating Properties, one construction loan, two unsecured credit facilities and three unsecured term loans. The credit facilities and term loans do not require scheduled principal payments. The future interest payments are projected based on the interest rates that were in effect at December 31, 2018. See Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the terms of long-term debt. The total consolidated debt service includes two loans, with an aggregate principal balance of $163,476 as of December 31, 2018, secured by Acadiana Mall, which was in receivership, and Cary Towne Center, which was in default. Subsequent to December 31, 2018, Acadiana Mall was transferred to the lender through a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure and the lender received the January 2019 sales proceeds from Cary Towne Center. Subsequent to December 31, 2018, the Company closed on a $1.185 billion secured credit

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facility to replace all of the former unsecured term loans and lines of credit. See Note 7 and Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements for more information.

(2) | Includes $238,839 of variable-rate debt service. Future contractual obligations have been projected using the same assumptions as used in (1) above. Unconsolidated debt service includes one loan with a principal balance of $13,900, at our pro rata share, as of December 31, 2018, secured by Triangle Town Center, which is in default.

(3) | Obligations where we own the buildings and improvements, but lease the underlying land under long-term ground leases. The maturities of these leases range from 2019 to 2089 and generally provide for renewal options.

(4) | Represents the remaining balance to be incurred under construction contracts that had been entered into as of December 31, 2018, but were not complete. The contracts are primarily for development of Properties.

(5) | Represents the remainder of a five year agreement for maintenance, security, and janitorial services at our Properties. We have the right to cancel the contract after October 1, 2019.

Capital Expenditures
Deferred maintenance expenditures are generally billed to tenants as CAM expense, and most are recovered over a 5 to 15-year period. Renovation expenditures are primarily for remodeling and upgrades of Malls, of which a portion is recovered from tenants over a 5 to 15-year period. We recover these costs through fixed amounts with annual increases or pro rata cost reimbursements based on the tenant’s occupied space.
The following table, which excludes expenditures for developments and expansions, summarizes these capital expenditures, including our share of unconsolidated affiliates' capital expenditures, for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to 2017 (in thousands):

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
Tenant allowances (1) | $ | 40,362 |  |  | $ | 35,673 |
Renovations | 963 |  |  | 13,080 |
Deferred maintenance: |  |  |
Parking area and parking area lighting | 1,480 |  |  | 13,057 |
Roof repairs and replacements | 4,341 |  |  | 8,836 |
Other capital expenditures | 22,757 |  |  | 22,597 |
Total deferred maintenance | 28,578 |  |  | 44,490 |
Capitalized overhead | 4,792 |  |  | 6,745 |
Capitalized interest | 3,655 |  |  | 2,230 |
Total capital expenditures | $ | 78,350 |  |  | $ | 102,218 |

(1) | Tenant allowances primarily relate to new leases. Tenant allowances related to renewal leases were not material for the periods presented.

We continue to make it a priority to reinvest in our Properties in order to enhance their dominant positions in their markets. Renovations usually include remodeling and upgrading existing facades, uniform signage, new entrances and floor coverings, updating interior décor, resurfacing parking areas and improving the lighting of interiors and parking areas. Renovations can result in attracting new retailers, increased rental rates, sales and occupancy levels and maintaining the Property's market dominance. Our total investment in 2018 renovations was $1.0 million, which included approximately $0.9 million at Asheville Mall in Asheville, NC and $0.1 million at East Towne Mall in Madison, WI.
Annual capital expenditures budgets are prepared for each of our Properties that are intended to provide for all necessary recurring and non-recurring capital expenditures. We believe that property operating cash flows, which include reimbursements from tenants for certain expenses, will provide the necessary funding for these expenditures.
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Developments and Redevelopments
Properties Opened During the Year Ended December 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | CBL's Share of |  |  |  |
Property |  | Location |  | CBL Ownership Interest |  | Total Project Square Feet |  | Total Cost (1) |  | Cost to Date (2) |  | 2018 Cost |  | Opening Date |  | Initial Unleveraged Yield
Mall Expansion: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Parkdale Mall - Restaurant Addition |  | Beaumont, TX |  | 100% |  | 4,700 |  |  | $ | 1,315 |  |  | $ | 1,409 |  |  | $ | 282 |  |  | Feb-18/Mar-18 |  | 10.4%
Other - Outparcel Development: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
EastGate Mall - CubeSmart Self-storage (3) (4) |  | Cincinnati, OH |  | 50% |  | 93,501 |  |  | 4,514 |  |  | 3,747 |  |  | 2,893 |  |  | Sep-18 |  | 9.9%
Laurel Park Place - Panera Bread (3) |  | Livonia, MI |  | 100% |  | 4,500 |  |  | 1,772 |  |  | 1,592 |  |  | 351 |  |  | May-18 |  | 9.7%
|  |  |  |  |  | 98,001 |  |  | 6,286 |  |  | 5,339 |  |  | 3,244 |  |  |  |  |
Other Development: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
The Shoppes at Eagle Point (5) |  | Cookeville, TN |  | 50% |  | 235,820 |  |  | 47,721 |  |  | 46,971 |  |  | 26,637 |  |  | Nov-18 |  | 8.1%
Total Properties Opened |  |  |  |  |  | 338,521 |  |  | $ | 55,322 |  |  | $ | 53,719 |  |  | $ | 30,163 |  |  |  |  |

(1) | Total Cost is presented net of reimbursements to be received.

(2) | Cost to Date does not reflect reimbursements until they are received.

(3) | Outparcel development adjacent to the mall.

(4) | Yield is based on the expected yield of the stabilized project.

(5) | We funded 100% of the required equity contribution. The remainder of the project was funded through a construction loan with a total borrowing capacity of $36,400.

Redevelopments Completed During the Year Ended December 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | CBL's Share of |  |  |  |
Property |  | Location |  | CBL Ownership Interest |  | Total Project Square Feet |  | Total Cost (1) |  | Cost to Date (2) |  | 2018 Cost |  | Opening Date |  | Initial Unleveraged Yield
Mall Redevelopments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Eastland Mall - JCP Redevelopment (H&M/Outback/Planet Fitness) |  | Bloomington, IL |  | 100% |  | 52,827 |  |  | $ | 10,999 |  |  | $ | 8,478 |  |  | $ | 7,986 |  |  | Dec-18 |  | 6.3%
East Towne Mall - Flix Brewhouse |  | Madison, WI |  | 100% |  | 40,795 |  |  | 9,966 |  |  | 9,818 |  |  | 3,945 |  |  | Jul-18 |  | 8.4%
Frontier Mall - Sports Authority Redevelopment (Planet Fitness) |  | Cheyenne, WY |  | 100% |  | 24,750 |  |  | 1,385 |  |  | 901 |  |  | 679 |  |  | Feb-18 |  | 29.8%
Jefferson Mall - Macy's Redevelopment (Round1) |  | Louisville, KY |  | 100% |  | 50,070 |  |  | 9,392 |  |  | 5,475 |  |  | 4,397 |  |  | Nov-18 |  | 6.9%
York Galleria - Partial JC Penney Redevelopment (Marshalls) |  | York, PA |  | 100% |  | 21,026 |  |  | 2,870 |  |  | 2,409 |  |  | 1,932 |  |  | Apr-18 |  | 11.0%
Total Redevelopment Completed |  |  |  | 189,468 |  |  | $ | 34,612 |  |  | $ | 27,081 |  |  | $ | 18,939 |  |  |  |  |

(1) | Total Cost is presented net of reimbursements to be received.

(2) | Cost to Date does not reflect reimbursements until they are received.

We completed several Anchor redevelopments during 2018, adding in a variety of non-traditional tenants, as we continue to reinvent our Properties into suburban town centers.
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Properties under Development at December 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | CBL's Share of |  |  |  |
Property |  | Location |  | CBL Ownership Interest |  | Total Project Square Feet |  | Total Cost (1) |  | Cost to Date (2) |  | 2018 Cost |  | Expected Opening Date |  | Initial Unleveraged Yield
Other Development: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mid Rivers Mall - CubeSmart Self-storage (3) (4) |  | St. Peters, MO |  | 50% |  | 93,540 |  |  | $ | 4,122 |  |  | $ | 2,673 |  |  | $ | 2,673 |  |  | January-19 |  | 9.0%
Mall Redevelopments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Brookfield Square - Sears Redevelopment (Whirlyball/Marcus Theaters) (5) |  | Brookfield, WI |  | 100% |  | 126,710 |  |  | 26,627 |  |  | 11,566 |  |  | 10,980 |  |  | Fall-19 |  | 10.7%
East Towne Mall - Portillo's |  | Madison, WI |  | 100% |  | 9,000 |  |  | 2,956 |  |  | 2,416 |  |  | 1,894 |  |  | Spring-19 |  | 8.0%
Friendly Center - O2 Fitness |  | Greensboro, NC |  | 50% |  | 27,048 |  |  | 2,285 |  |  | 1,405 |  |  | 1,290 |  |  | Spring-19 |  | 10.3%
Hanes Mall - Dave & Buster's |  | Winston-Salem, NC |  | 100% |  | 44,922 |  |  | 5,932 |  |  | 2,127 |  |  | 1,930 |  |  | Spring-19 |  | 11.0%
Northgate Mall - Sears Auto Center Redevelopment (Aubrey's/Panda Express) |  | Chattanooga, TN |  | 100% |  | 10,000 |  |  | 1,797 |  |  | 513 |  |  | 332 |  |  | February-19 |  | 7.6%
Parkdale Mall - Macy's Redevelopment (Dick's Sporting Goods/Five Below/HomeGoods) (5) |  | Beaumont, TX |  | 100% |  | 86,136 |  |  | 20,899 |  |  | 6,479 |  |  | 5,958 |  |  | Summer-19 |  | 6.4%
Volusia Mall - Sears Auto Center Redevelopment (Bonefish Grill/Metro Diner) |  | Daytona Beach, FL |  | 100% |  | 23,341 |  |  | 9,635 |  |  | 5,414 |  |  | 4,287 |  |  | Spring-19 |  | 8.0%
|  |  |  |  |  | 327,157 |  |  | 70,131 |  |  | 29,920 |  |  | 26,671 |  |  |  |  |
Total Properties Under Development |  | 420,697 |  |  | $ | 74,253 |  |  | $ | 32,593 |  |  | $ | 29,344 |  |  |  |  |

(1) | Total Cost is presented net of reimbursements to be received.

(2) | Cost to Date does not reflect reimbursements until they are received.

(3) | Yield is based on the expected yield of the stabilized project.

(4) | Outparcel development adjacent to the mall.

(5) | The return reflected represents a pro forma incremental return as Total Cost excludes the cost related to the acquisition of the Sears (Brookfield) and Macy's (Parkdale) buildings in 2017.

Shadow Development Pipeline at December 31, 2018
(Dollars in thousands)

Property |  | Location |  | CBL Ownership Interest |  | Total Project Square Feet |  | CBL's Share of Estimated Total Cost (1) |  | Expected Opening Date |  | Initial Unleveraged Yield
Other Outparcel Development: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Parkdale Mall - Self-storage (2) |  | Beaumont, TX |  | 50% |  | 68,000 - 70,000 |  | $4,000 - $5,000 |  | Winter-19 |  | 10% - 11%

(1) | Total Cost is presented net of reimbursements to be received.

(2) | Yield is based on expected yield once project stabilizes.

We are continually pursuing new development opportunities and have projects in various stages of pre-development. Our shadow pipeline consists of projects for Properties on which we have completed initial project analysis and design but which have not commenced construction as of December 31, 2018. Except for the projects presented above, we did not have any other material capital commitments as of December 31, 2018.
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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Unconsolidated Affiliates
We have ownership interests in 21 unconsolidated affiliates as of December 31, 2018. See Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements for more information. The unconsolidated affiliates are accounted for using the equity method of accounting and are reflected in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as investments in unconsolidated affiliates.
Guarantees
We may guarantee the debt of a joint venture primarily because it allows the joint venture to obtain funding at a lower cost than could be obtained otherwise. This results in a higher return for the joint venture on its investment, and a higher return on our investment in the joint venture. We may receive a fee from the joint venture for providing the guaranty. Additionally, when we issue a guaranty, the terms of the joint venture agreement typically provide that we may receive indemnification from the joint venture partner or have the ability to increase our ownership interest.
See Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements for information related to our guarantees of unconsolidated affiliates' debt as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. In preparing our financial statements, we are required to make assumptions and estimates about future events, and apply judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and the related disclosures. We base our assumptions, estimates and judgments on historical experience, current trends and other factors that management believes to be relevant at the time our consolidated financial statements are prepared. On a regular basis, we review the accounting policies, assumptions, estimates and judgments to ensure that our financial statements are presented fairly and in accordance with GAAP. However, because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ from our assumptions and estimates, and such differences could be material.
An accounting policy is deemed to be critical if it requires an accounting estimate to be made based on assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain at the time the estimate is made and if different estimates that are reasonably likely to occur could materially impact the financial statements. Management believes that the following critical accounting policies discussed in this section reflect its more significant estimates and assumptions used in preparation of the consolidated financial statements. We have reviewed these critical accounting estimates and related disclosures with the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. See Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Item 8 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for a discussion of our significant accounting policies.
Revenue Recognition
Minimum rental revenue from operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the initial terms of the related leases. Certain tenants are required to pay percentage rent if their sales volumes exceed thresholds specified in their lease agreements. Percentage rent is recognized as revenue when the thresholds are achieved and the amounts become determinable.
We receive reimbursements from tenants for real estate taxes, insurance, CAM, and other recoverable operating expenses as provided in the lease agreements. Tenant reimbursements are recognized as revenue in the period the related operating expenses are incurred. Tenant reimbursements related to certain capital expenditures are billed to tenants over periods of 5 to 15 years and are recognized as revenue in accordance with underlying lease terms.
We receive management, leasing and development fees from third parties and unconsolidated affiliates. Management fees are charged as a percentage of revenues (as defined in the management agreement) and are recognized as revenue when earned. Development fees are recognized as revenue on a pro rata basis over the development period. Leasing fees are charged for newly executed leases and lease renewals and are recognized as revenue when earned. Development and leasing fees received from unconsolidated affiliates during the development period are recognized as revenue to the extent of the third-party partners’ ownership interest. Fees to the extent of our ownership interest are recorded as a reduction to our investment in the unconsolidated affiliate.
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Gains on sales of real estate assets are recognized when it is determined that the sale has been consummated, the buyer’s initial and continuing investment is adequate, our receivable, if any, is not subject to future subordination, and the buyer has assumed the usual risks and rewards of ownership of the asset. When we have an ownership interest in the buyer, gain is recognized to the extent of the third party partner’s ownership interest and the portion of the gain attributable to our ownership interest is deferred.
Real Estate Assets
All acquired real estate assets are accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting and accordingly, the results of operations are included in the consolidated statements of operations from the respective dates of acquisition. The purchase price is allocated to (i) tangible assets, consisting of land, buildings and improvements, as if vacant, and tenant improvements and (ii) identifiable intangible assets and liabilities generally consisting of above- and below-market leases and in-place leases. We use estimates of fair value based on estimated cash flows, using appropriate discount rates, and other valuation methods to allocate the purchase price to the acquired tangible and intangible assets. Liabilities assumed generally consist of mortgage debt on the real estate assets acquired. Assumed debt with a stated interest rate that is significantly different from market interest rates is recorded at its fair value based on estimated market interest rates at the date of acquisition. Following our adoption of Accounting Standards Update 2017-01, Clarifying the Definition of a Business, on a prospective basis in January 2017, we expect our future acquisitions will be accounted for as acquisitions of assets in which related transaction costs will be capitalized.
Carrying Value of Long-Lived Assets
We monitor events or changes in circumstances that could indicate the carrying value of a long-lived asset may not be recoverable. When indicators of potential impairment are present that suggest that the carrying amounts of a long-lived asset may not be recoverable, we assess the recoverability of the asset by determining whether the asset’s carrying value will be recovered through the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected from our probability weighted use of the asset and its eventual disposition. In the event that such undiscounted future cash flows do not exceed the carrying value, we adjust the carrying value of the long-lived asset to its estimated fair value and recognize an impairment loss. The estimated fair value is calculated based on the following information, in order of preference, depending upon availability: (Level 1) recently quoted market prices, (Level 2) market prices for comparable properties, or (Level 3) the present value of future cash flows, including estimated salvage value. Certain of our long-lived assets may be carried at more than an amount that could be realized in a current disposition transaction. Projections of expected future operating cash flows require that we estimate future market rental income amounts subsequent to expiration of current lease agreements, property operating expenses, the number of months it takes to re-lease the Property, and the number of years the Property is held for investment, among other factors. As these assumptions are subject to economic and market uncertainties, they are difficult to predict and are subject to future events that may alter the assumptions used or management’s estimates of future possible outcomes. Therefore, the future cash flows estimated in our impairment analyses may not be achieved.
During the year ended December 31, 2018, we recorded a loss on impairment totaling $174.5 million, which primarily consists of $158.4 million attributable to four malls and $16.1 million related to vacant land. During 2017, we recorded a loss on impairment totaling $71.4 million, which was primarily attributable to two malls. During 2016, we recorded a loss on impairment totaling $116.8 million, which primarily consisted of $96.7 million related to 2016 Property dispositions, $15.4 million attributable to two malls that were in foreclosure and $3.8 million related to two office buildings. See Note 5, Note 16 and Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information about these impairment losses.
Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates
On a periodic basis, we assess whether there are any indicators that the fair value of our investments in unconsolidated affiliates may be impaired. An investment is impaired only if our estimate of the fair value of the investment is less than the carrying value of the investment, and such decline in value is deemed to be other than temporary. To the extent impairment has occurred, the loss is measured as the excess of the carrying amount of the investment over the fair value of the investment. Our estimates of fair value for each investment are based on a number of assumptions such as future leasing expectations, operating forecasts, discount rates and capitalization rates, among others. These assumptions are subject to economic and market uncertainties including, but not limited to, demand for space, competition for tenants, changes in market rental rates, and operating costs. As these factors are difficult to predict and are subject to future events that may alter our assumptions, the fair values estimated in the impairment analyses may not be realized.
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In 2018, an unconsolidated affiliate recognized an impairment of $89.8 million related to a mall. We recorded $1.0 million as our share of the loss on impairment, which reduced the carrying value of our investment in the joint venture to zero. See Note 6 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information about this impairment loss. No impairments of investments in unconsolidated affiliates were incurred during 2017 and 2016.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
See Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements for information on recently issued accounting pronouncements.
Impact of Inflation and Deflation
Deflation can result in a decline in general price levels, often caused by a decrease in the supply of money or credit. The predominant effects of deflation are high unemployment, credit contraction and weakened consumer demand. Restricted lending practices could impact our ability to obtain financings or refinancings for our Properties and our tenants’ ability to obtain credit. Decreases in consumer demand can have a direct impact on our tenants and the rents we receive.
During inflationary periods, substantially all of our tenant leases contain provisions designed to mitigate the impact of inflation. These provisions include clauses enabling us to receive percentage rent based on tenants' gross sales, which generally increase as prices rise, and/or escalation clauses, which generally increase rental rates during the terms of the leases. In addition, many of the leases are for terms of less than ten years, which may provide us the opportunity to replace existing leases with new leases at higher base and/or percentage rent if rents of the existing leases are below the then existing market rate. Most of the leases require the tenants to pay a fixed amount subject to annual increases for their share of operating expenses, including CAM, real estate taxes, insurance and certain capital expenditures, which reduces our exposure to increases in costs and operating expenses resulting from inflation.
Non-GAAP Measure
Funds from Operations
FFO is a widely used non-GAAP measure of the operating performance of real estate companies that supplements net income (loss) determined in accordance with GAAP. The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”) defines FFO as net income (loss) (computed in accordance with GAAP) excluding gains or losses on sales of depreciable operating properties and impairment losses of depreciable properties, plus depreciation and amortization, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures and noncontrolling interests. Adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures and noncontrolling interests are calculated on the same basis. We define FFO as defined above by NAREIT less dividends on preferred stock of the Company or distributions on preferred units of the Operating Partnership, as applicable. Our method of calculating FFO may be different from methods used by other REITs and, accordingly, may not be comparable to such other REITs.
We believe that FFO provides an additional indicator of the operating performance of our Properties without giving effect to real estate depreciation and amortization, which assumes the value of real estate assets declines predictably over time. Since values of real estate assets have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, we believe that FFO enhances investors’ understanding of our operating performance. The use of FFO as an indicator of financial performance is influenced not only by the operations of our Properties and interest rates, but also by our capital structure.
We present both FFO allocable to Operating Partnership common unitholders and FFO allocable to common shareholders, as we believe that both are useful performance measures. We believe FFO allocable to Operating Partnership common unitholders is a useful performance measure since we conduct substantially all of our business through our Operating Partnership and, therefore, it reflects the performance of the Properties in absolute terms regardless of the ratio of ownership interests of our common shareholders and the noncontrolling interest in our Operating Partnership. We believe FFO allocable to common shareholders is a useful performance measure because it is the performance measure that is most directly comparable to net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders.
In our reconciliation of net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders to FFO allocable to Operating Partnership common unitholders that is presented below, we make an adjustment to add back noncontrolling interest in income (loss) of our Operating Partnership in order to arrive at FFO of the Operating Partnership common unitholders. We then apply a percentage to FFO of our Operating Partnership common unitholders to arrive at FFO
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allocable to common shareholders. The percentage is computed by taking the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period and dividing it by the sum of the weighted-average number of common shares and the weighted-average number of Operating Partnership units held by noncontrolling interests during the period.
FFO does not represent cash flows from operations as defined by GAAP, is not necessarily indicative of cash available to fund all cash flow needs and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) for purposes of evaluating our operating performance or to cash flow as a measure of liquidity.
The Company believes that it is important to identify the impact of certain significant items on its FFO measures for a reader to have a complete understanding of the Company’s results of operations. Therefore, the Company has also presented adjusted FFO measures excluding these significant items from the applicable periods. Please refer to the reconciliation of net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders to FFO allocable to Operating Partnership common unitholders below for a description of these adjustments.
FFO allocable to Operating Partnership common unitholders decreased 21.8% to $339.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 compared to $434.6 million for the prior year. After making the adjustments noted below, FFO of the Operating Partnership, as adjusted, decreased 16.6% for the year ending December 31, 2018 to $345.1 million compared to $413.7 million in 2017. The decline in FFO was primarily a result of dilution from asset sales, lower gains on outparcel sales and declines in Property NOI primarily related to retailer and anchor bankruptcies.
The reconciliation of net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders to FFO allocable to Operating Partnership common unitholders is as follows (in thousands):

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders | $ | (123,460 | ) |  | $ | 76,048 |  |  | $ | 127,990 |
Noncontrolling interest in income (loss) of Operating Partnership | (19,688 | ) |  | 12,652 |  |  | 21,537 |
Depreciation and amortization expense of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated Properties | 285,401 |  |  | 299,090 |  |  | 292,693 |
Unconsolidated affiliates | 41,858 |  |  | 38,124 |  |  | 38,606 |
Non-real estate assets | (3,661 | ) |  | (3,526 | ) |  | (3,154 | )
Noncontrolling interests' share of depreciation and amortization | (8,601 | ) |  | (8,977 | ) |  | (8,760 | )
Loss on impairment, net of taxes | 174,416 |  |  | 70,185 |  |  | 115,027 |
Loss on impairment of unconsolidated affiliates | 1,022 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Gain on depreciable Property, net of taxes and noncontrolling interests' share | (7,484 | ) |  | (48,983 | ) |  | (45,741 | )
FFO allocable to Operating Partnership common unitholders | 339,803 |  |  | 434,613 |  |  | 538,198 |
Litigation expenses (1) | — |  |  | 103 |  |  | 2,567 |
Nonrecurring professional fees expense (reimbursement) (1) | — |  |  | (919 | ) |  | 2,258 |
(Gain) loss on investments, net of taxes (2) | — |  |  | 6,197 |  |  | (7,034 | )
Equity in earnings from disposals of unconsolidated affiliates (3) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (58,243 | )
Non-cash default interest expense (4) | 5,285 |  |  | 5,319 |  |  | 2,840 |
Impact of new tax law on income tax expense | — |  |  | 2,309 |  |  | — |
(Gain) loss on extinguishment of debt, net of noncontrolling interests' share (5) | — |  |  | (33,902 | ) |  | 197 |
FFO allocable to Operating Partnership common unitholders, as adjusted | $ | 345,088 |  |  | $ | 413,720 |  |  | $ | 480,783 |
FFO per diluted share | $ | 1.70 |  |  | $ | 2.18 |  |  | $ | 2.69 |
FFO, as adjusted, per diluted share | $ | 1.73 |  |  | $ | 2.08 |  |  | $ | 2.41 |

(1) | Litigation expense and nonrecurring professional fees expense, including settlements paid, are included in general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of operations. Nonrecurring professional fees reimbursement is included in interest and other income in the consolidated statements of operations.

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(2) | The year ended December 31, 2017 includes a loss on investment related to the write down of our 25% interest in River Ridge Mall JV, LLC based on the contract price to sell such interest to our joint venture partner. The sale closed in August 2017. The year ended December 31, 2016, includes a gain of $10,136 related to the redemption of our 2007 investment in a Chinese real estate company, less related taxes of $500, partially offset by a $2,602 loss related to our exit from our consolidated joint venture that provided security and maintenance services to third parties.

(3) | The year ended December 31, 2016 includes $3,758 related to the sale of four office buildings, $28,146 related to the foreclosure of the loan secured by Gulf Coast Town Center and $26,373 related to the sale of our 50% interest in Triangle Town Center. These amounts are included in equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates in the consolidated statements of operations.

(4) | The year ended December 31, 2018 includes non-cash default interest expense related to Acadiana Mall, Cary Towne Center and Triangle Town Center. The year ended December 31, 2017 includes default interest expense related to Acadiana Mall, Chesterfield Mall, Midland Mall and Wausau Center. The year ended December 31, 2016 includes default interest expense related to Chesterfield Mall, Midland Mall and Wausau Center.

(5) | The year ended December 31, 2017 includes a gain on extinguishment of debt of $39,798 related to the non-recourse loans secured by Chesterfield Mall, Midland Mall and Wausau Center which were conveyed to their respective lenders in 2017. This gain was partially offset by a loss on extinguishment of debt from prepayment fees on the early retirement of mortgage loans, net of the noncontrolling interests' share.

The reconciliation of diluted EPS attributable to common shareholders to FFO per diluted share is as follows (in thousands):

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Diluted EPS attributable to common shareholders | $ | (0.72 | ) |  | $ | 0.44 |  |  | $ | 0.75 |
Eliminate amounts per share excluded from FFO: |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization expense, including amounts from consolidated Properties, unconsolidated affiliates, non-real estate assets and excluding amounts allocated to noncontrolling interests | 1.58 |  |  | 1.64 |  |  | 1.60 |
Loss on impairment, net of taxes | 0.88 |  |  | 0.35 |  |  | 0.57 |
Gain on depreciable Property, net of taxes and noncontrolling interests' share | (0.04 | ) |  | (0.25 | ) |  | (0.23 | )
FFO per diluted share | $ | 1.70 |  |  | $ | 2.18 |  |  | $ | 2.69 |

The reconciliations of FFO allocable to Operating Partnership common unitholders to FFO allocable to common shareholders, including and excluding the adjustments noted above are as follows (in thousands):

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
FFO of the Operating Partnership | $ | 339,803 |  |  | $ | 434,613 |  |  | $ | 538,198 |
Percentage allocable to common shareholders (1) | 86.42 | % |  | 85.83 | % |  | 85.48 | %
FFO allocable to common shareholders | $ | 293,658 |  |  | $ | 373,028 |  |  | $ | 460,052 |
FFO allocable to Operating Partnership common unitholders, as adjusted | $ | 345,088 |  |  | $ | 413,720 |  |  | $ | 480,783 |
Percentage allocable to common shareholders (1) | 86.42 | % |  | 85.83 | % |  | 85.48 | %
FFO allocable to common shareholders, as adjusted | $ | 298,225 |  |  | $ | 355,096 |  |  | $ | 410,973 |

(1) | Represents the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period divided by the sum of the weighted-average number of common shares and the weighted-average number of Operating Partnership units held by noncontrolling interests during the period.

ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
We are exposed to various market risk exposures, including interest rate risk. The following discussion regarding our risk management activities includes forward-looking statements that involve risk and uncertainties. Estimates of future performance and economic conditions are reflected assuming certain changes in interest rates. Caution should be used in evaluating our overall market risk from the information presented below, as actual results may differ. We employ various derivative programs to manage certain portions of our market risk
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associated with interest rates. See Note 7 of the notes to consolidated financial statements for further discussions of the qualitative aspects of market risk, regarding derivative financial instrument activity.
Interest Rate Risk
Based on our proportionate share of consolidated and unconsolidated variable-rate debt at December 31, 2018, a 0.5% increase or decrease in interest rates on variable rate debt would decrease or increase annual cash flows by approximately $50.4 million and $39.9 million, respectively and increase or decrease annual interest expense, after the effect of capitalized interest, by approximately $5.2 million.
Based on our proportionate share of total consolidated and unconsolidated debt at December 31, 2018, a 0.5% increase in interest rates would decrease the fair value of debt by approximately $58.1 million, while a 0.5% decrease in interest rates would increase the fair value of debt by approximately $59.7 million.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
Reference is made to the Index to Financial Statements and Schedules contained in Item 15 on page 85.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Controls and Procedures with Respect to the Company
Conclusion Regarding Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of its effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, the Company has evaluated the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, these officers concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that the Company files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to our management, including the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Company assessed the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting, as stated in its report which is included herein.
Report of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management of CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries (the “Company”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the
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preparation of the Company’s financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Management recognizes that there are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, including the potential for human error or the circumvention or overriding of internal controls. Accordingly, even effective internal control over financial reporting cannot provide absolute assurance with respect to financial statement preparation. Because of such limitations, there is a risk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. In addition, any projection of the evaluation of effectiveness to future periods is subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the polices or procedures may deteriorate.
Management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on the framework established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, the Company maintained effective internal control over financial reporting.
Deloitte & Touche LLP, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 as stated in their report which is included below.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of CBL & Associates Properties, Inc.
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018, of the Company and our report dated March 1, 2019, expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Report of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Atlanta, Georgia
March 1, 2019
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Controls and Procedures with Respect to the Operating Partnership
Conclusion Regarding Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of its effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, whose subsidiary CBL Holdings I is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, the Operating Partnership has evaluated the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, these officers concluded that the Operating Partnership's disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Operating Partnership in the reports that the Operating Partnership files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms, and is accumulated and communicated to management of the Company, acting on behalf of the Operating Partnership in its capacity as the general partner of the Operating Partnership, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management of the Company, acting on behalf of the Operating Partnership in its capacity as the general partner of the Operating Partnership, is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The Operating Partnership assessed the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, the Operating Partnership maintained effective internal control over financial reporting, as stated in its report which is included herein.
Report of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
Management of CBL & Associates Limited Partnership and its consolidated subsidiaries (the “Operating Partnership”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. The Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of the Operating Partnership’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the Company’s financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Management recognizes that there are inherent limitations in the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, including the potential for human error or the circumvention or overriding of internal controls. Accordingly, even effective internal control over financial reporting cannot provide absolute assurance with respect to financial statement preparation. Because of such limitations, there is a risk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. In addition, any projection of the evaluation of effectiveness to future periods is subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the polices or procedures may deteriorate.
The Company's management, whose subsidiary CBL Holdings I is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of the Operating Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting based on the framework established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, the Operating Partnership maintained effective internal control over financial reporting.
Deloitte & Touche LLP, the Company’s independent registered public accounting firm, has audited the Operating Partnership's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 as stated in their report which is included below.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in the Operating Partnership's internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Operating Partnership's internal control over financial reporting.
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Unit Holders of CBL & Associates Limited Partnership
Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of CBL & Associates Limited Partnership and subsidiaries (the “Partnership”) as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). In our opinion, the Partnership maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2018, of the Partnership and our report dated March 1, 2019, expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
Basis for Opinion
The Partnership’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Report of Management on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Partnership’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Partnership in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A partnership’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A partnership’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the partnership; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the partnership are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the partnership; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the partnership’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Atlanta, Georgia
March 1, 2019
83

ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Incorporated herein by reference to the sections entitled “ELECTION OF DIRECTORS,” “Board Nominees," "Additional Executive Officers,” “Corporate Governance Matters - Code of Business Conduct and Ethics,” “Board of Directors’ Meetings and Committees – The Audit Committee,” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in our definitive proxy statement filed with the SEC with respect to our Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 9, 2019.
Our Board of Directors has determined that each of A. Larry Chapman, an independent director and chairman of the audit committee, and Matthew S. Dominski and Richard J. Lieb, each, an independent director and member of the audit committee, qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” as such term is defined by the rules of the Commission.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Incorporated herein by reference to the sections entitled “DIRECTOR COMPENSATION,” “EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION,” “REPORT OF THE COMPENSATION COMMITTEE OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS” and “Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation” in our definitive proxy statement filed with the Commission with respect to our Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 9, 2019.
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Incorporated herein by reference to the sections entitled “SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT” and “Equity Compensation Plan Information as of December 31, 2018”, in our definitive proxy statement filed with the Commission with respect to our Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 9, 2019.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
Incorporated herein by reference to the sections entitled “Corporate Governance Matters – Director Independence” and “CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PERSON TRANSACTIONS”, in our definitive proxy statement filed with the Commission with respect to our Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 9, 2019.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Incorporated herein by reference to the section entitled “Independent Registered Public Accountants’ Fees and Services” under “RATIFICATION OF THE SELECTION OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS” in our definitive proxy statement filed with the Commission with respect to our Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 9, 2019.
84

PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS, FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(1) | Consolidated Financial Statements | Page Number
CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. |
| Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | 86
| Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 | 87
| Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 | 88
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 | 89
| Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 | 90
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 | 92
CBL & Associates Limited Partnership |
| Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | 94
| Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 | 95
| Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 | 96
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 | 97
| Consolidated Statements of Capital for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 | 98
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 | 100
CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. and CBL & Associates Limited Partnership |
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 102
(2) | Consolidated Financial Statement Schedules |
| Schedule II Valuation and Qualifying Accounts | 149
| Schedule III Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation | 150
| Schedule IV Mortgage Loans on Real Estate | 155
| Financial statement schedules not listed herein are either not required or are not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of the schedule or the information required to be included therein is included in our consolidated financial statements in Item 15 or are reported elsewhere. |
(3) | Exhibits |
| The Exhibit Index attached to this report is incorporated by reference into this Item 15(a)(3). |

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY
None.
85

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the shareholders and the Board of Directors of CBL & Associates Properties, Inc.
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. and subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes and the schedules listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 1, 2019, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Atlanta, Georgia
March 1, 2019
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2002.
86

CBL & Associates Properties, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands, except share data)

| December 31,
ASSETS (1) | 2018 |  | 2017
Real estate assets: |  |  |
Land | $ | 793,944 |  |  | $ | 813,390 |
Buildings and improvements | 6,414,886 |  |  | 6,723,194 |
| 7,208,830 |  |  | 7,536,584 |
Accumulated depreciation | (2,493,082 | ) |  | (2,465,095 | )
| 4,715,748 |  |  | 5,071,489 |
Held for sale | 30,971 |  |  | — |
Developments in progress | 38,807 |  |  | 85,346 |
Net investment in real estate assets | 4,785,526 |  |  | 5,156,835 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 25,138 |  |  | 32,627 |
Receivables: |  |  |  |  |
Tenant, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $2,337 and $2,011 in 2018 and 2017, respectively | 77,788 |  |  | 83,552 |
Other, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $838 in 2017 | 7,511 |  |  | 7,570 |
Mortgage and other notes receivable | 7,672 |  |  | 8,945 |
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates | 283,553 |  |  | 249,192 |
Intangible lease assets and other assets | 153,665 |  |  | 166,087 |
| $ | 5,340,853 |  |  | $ | 5,704,808 |
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS AND EQUITY |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage and other indebtedness, net | $ | 4,043,180 |  |  | $ | 4,230,845 |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 218,217 |  |  | 228,650 |
Liabilities related to assets held for sale | 43,716 |  |  | — |
Total liabilities (1) | 4,305,113 |  |  | 4,459,495 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7 and Note 15) |  |  |  |  |
Redeemable noncontrolling interests | 3,575 |  |  | 8,835 |
Shareholders' equity: |  |  |  |  |
Preferred Stock, $.01 par value, 15,000,000 shares authorized: |  |  |  |  |
7.375% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, 1,815,000 shares outstanding | 18 |  |  | 18 |
6.625% Series E Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, 690,000 shares outstanding | 7 |  |  | 7 |
Common stock, $.01 par value, 350,000,000 shares authorized, 172,656,458 and 171,088,778 issued and outstanding in 2018 and 2017, respectively | 1,727 |  |  | 1,711 |
Additional paid-in capital | 1,968,280 |  |  | 1,974,537 |
Dividends in excess of cumulative earnings | (1,005,895 | ) |  | (836,269 | )
Total shareholders' equity | 964,137 |  |  | 1,140,004 |
Noncontrolling interests | 68,028 |  |  | 96,474 |
Total equity | 1,032,165 |  |  | 1,236,478 |
| $ | 5,340,853 |  |  | $ | 5,704,808 |

(1) | As of December 31, 2018, includes $622,613 of assets related to consolidated variable interest entities that can be used only to settle obligations of the consolidated variable interest entities and $418,885 of liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities for which creditors do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company. See Note 9.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.
87

CBL & Associates Properties, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(In thousands, except per share amounts)

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
REVENUES: |  |  |  |  |
Minimum rents | $ | 588,007 |  |  | $ | 624,161 |  |  | $ | 670,565 |
Percentage rents | 11,759 |  |  | 11,874 |  |  | 17,803 |
Other rents | 12,034 |  |  | 19,008 |  |  | 23,110 |
Tenant reimbursements | 217,313 |  |  | 254,552 |  |  | 280,438 |
Management, development and leasing fees | 10,542 |  |  | 11,982 |  |  | 14,925 |
Other | 18,902 |  |  | 5,675 |  |  | 21,416 |
Total revenues | 858,557 |  |  | 927,252 |  |  | 1,028,257 |
OPERATING EXPENSES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property operating | (122,017 | ) |  | (128,030 | ) |  | (137,760 | )
Depreciation and amortization | (285,401 | ) |  | (299,090 | ) |  | (292,693 | )
Real estate taxes | (82,291 | ) |  | (83,917 | ) |  | (90,110 | )
Maintenance and repairs | (48,304 | ) |  | (48,606 | ) |  | (53,586 | )
General and administrative | (61,506 | ) |  | (58,466 | ) |  | (63,332 | )
Loss on impairment | (174,529 | ) |  | (71,401 | ) |  | (116,822 | )
Other | (787 | ) |  | (5,180 | ) |  | (20,326 | )
Total operating expenses | (774,835 | ) |  | (694,690 | ) |  | (774,629 | )
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSES): |  |  |  |  |
Interest and other income | 1,858 |  |  | 1,706 |  |  | 1,524 |
Interest expense | (220,038 | ) |  | (218,680 | ) |  | (216,318 | )
Gain on extinguishment of debt | — |  |  | 30,927 |  |  | — |
Gain (loss) on investments | — |  |  | (6,197 | ) |  | 7,534 |
Gain on sales of real estate assets | 19,001 |  |  | 93,792 |  |  | 29,567 |
Income tax benefit | 1,551 |  |  | 1,933 |  |  | 2,063 |
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates | 14,677 |  |  | 22,939 |  |  | 117,533 |
Total other income (expenses) | (182,951 | ) |  | (73,580 | ) |  | (58,097 | )
Net income (loss) | (99,229 | ) |  | 158,982 |  |  | 195,531 |
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Partnership | 19,688 |  |  | (12,652 | ) |  | (21,537 | )
Other consolidated subsidiaries | 973 |  |  | (25,390 | ) |  | (1,112 | )
Net income (loss) attributable to the Company | (78,568 | ) |  | 120,940 |  |  | 172,882 |
Preferred dividends | (44,892 | ) |  | (44,892 | ) |  | (44,892 | )
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders | $ | (123,460 | ) |  | $ | 76,048 |  |  | $ | 127,990 |
Basic per share data attributable to common shareholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of preferred dividends | $ | (0.72 | ) |  | $ | 0.44 |  |  | $ | 0.75 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding | 172,486 |  |  | 171,070 |  |  | 170,762 |
Diluted per share data attributable to common shareholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of preferred dividends | $ | (0.72 | ) |  | $ | 0.44 |  |  | $ | 0.75 |
Weighted-average common and potential dilutive common shares outstanding | 172,486 |  |  | 171,070 |  |  | 170,836 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.
88

CBL & Associates Properties, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(In thousands)

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Net income (loss) | $ | (99,229 | ) |  | $ | 158,982 |  |  | $ | 195,531 |
Other comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized gain on hedging instruments | — |  |  | — |  |  | 877 |
Reclassification of hedging effect on earnings | — |  |  | — |  |  | (443 | )
Total other comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 434 |
Comprehensive income (loss) | (99,229 | ) |  | 158,982 |  |  | 195,965 |
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in: |  |  |  |  |
Operating Partnership | 19,688 |  |  | (12,652 | ) |  | (21,600 | )
Other consolidated subsidiaries | 973 |  |  | (25,390 | ) |  | (1,112 | )
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to the Company | $ | (78,568 | ) |  | $ | 120,940 |  |  | $ | 173,253 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.
89

CBL & Associates Properties, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Equity
(in thousands, except share data)

|  |  | Equity
|  |  | Shareholders' Equity |  |  |  |
| Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests |  | Preferred Stock |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income |  | Dividends in Excess of Cumulative Earnings |  | Total Shareholders' Equity |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  | Total Equity
Balance, December 31, 2015 | $ | 25,330 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 1,705 |  |  | $ | 1,970,333 |  |  | $ | 1,935 |  |  | $ | (689,028 | ) |  | $ | 1,284,970 |  |  | $ | 114,629 |  |  | $ | 1,399,599 |
Net income (loss) | (1,603 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 172,882 |  |  | 172,882 |  |  | 24,252 |  |  | 197,134 |
Other comprehensive income | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 371 |  |  | — |  |  | 371 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 431 |
Purchase of noncontrolling interests in Operating Partnership | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11,754 | ) |  | (11,754 | )
Redemption of redeemable noncontrolling interest | (3,206 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,636 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,636 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,636 |
Dividends declared - common stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (181,040 | ) |  | (181,040 | ) |  | — |  |  | (181,040 | )
Dividends declared - preferred stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (44,892 | ) |  | (44,892 | ) |  | — |  |  | (44,892 | )
Issuance of 335,417 shares of common stock and restricted common stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 478 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 481 |  |  | — |  |  | 481 |
Cancellation of 33,720 shares of restricted common stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (267 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (267 | ) |  | — |  |  | (267 | )
Performance stock units | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,033 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,033 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,033 |
Amortization of deferred compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,680 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,680 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,680 |
Adjustment for noncontrolling interests | 2,454 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (13,773 | ) |  | (2,306 | ) |  | — |  |  | (16,079 | ) |  | 13,625 |  |  | (2,454 | )
Adjustment to record redeemable noncontrolling interests at redemption value | 1,937 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,061 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,061 | ) |  | 124 |  |  | (1,937 | )
Distributions to noncontrolling interests | (6,919 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (40,039 | ) |  | (40,039 | )
Contributions from noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,241 |  |  | 11,241 |
Balance, December 31, 2016 | $ | 17,996 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 1,708 |  |  | $ | 1,969,059 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (742,078 | ) |  | $ | 1,228,714 |  |  | $ | 112,138 |  |  | $ | 1,340,852 |

Net income | 699 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 120,940 |  |  | 120,940 |  |  | 37,343 |  |  | 158,283 |
Purchase of noncontrolling interests in Operating Partnership | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (656 | ) |  | (656 | )
Dividends declared - common stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (170,239 | ) |  | (170,239 | ) |  | — |  |  | (170,239 | )
Dividends declared - preferred stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (44,892 | ) |  | (44,892 | ) |  | — |  |  | (44,892 | )
Issuance of 348,809 shares of common stock and restricted common stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 526 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 529 |  |  | — |  |  | 529 |
Cancellation of 52,676 shares of restricted common stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (405 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (405 | ) |  | — |  |  | (405 | )
Performance stock units | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,501 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,501 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,501 |
Amortization of deferred compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,982 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,982 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,982 |
Adjustment for noncontrolling interests | 3,049 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,339 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,339 | ) |  | 4,290 |  |  | (3,049 | )
Adjustment to record redeemable noncontrolling interests at redemption value | (8,337 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,213 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,213 |  |  | 1,124 |  |  | 8,337 |
Deconsolidation of investment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,232 | ) |  | (2,232 | )
Distributions to noncontrolling interests | (4,572 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (55,796 | ) |  | (55,796 | )
Contributions from noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 263 |  |  | 263 |
Balance, December 31, 2017 | $ | 8,835 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 1,711 |  |  | $ | 1,974,537 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (836,269 | ) |  | $ | 1,140,004 |  |  | $ | 96,474 |  |  | $ | 1,236,478 |

90

CBL & Associates Properties, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Equity
(Continued)
(in thousands, except share data)

|  |  | Equity
|  |  | Shareholders' Equity |  |  |  |
| Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests |  | Preferred Stock |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  | Dividends in Excess of Cumulative Earnings |  | Total Shareholders' Equity |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  | Total Equity
Balance, December 31, 2017 | $ | 8,835 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 1,711 |  |  | $ | 1,974,537 |  |  | $ | (836,269 | ) |  | $ | 1,140,004 |  |  | $ | 96,474 |  |  | $ | 1,236,478 |
Net loss | (1,134 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (78,568 | ) |  | (78,568 | ) |  | (19,527 | ) |  | (98,095 | )
Cumulative effect of accounting change (Note 2) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,433 |  |  | 11,433 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,433 |
Cumulative effect of accounting change (Note 3) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 58,947 |  |  | 58,947 |  |  | — |  |  | 58,947 |
Purchase of noncontrolling interests in Operating Partnership | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,267 | ) |  | (2,267 | )
Dividends declared - common stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (116,546 | ) |  | (116,546 | ) |  | — |  |  | (116,546 | )
Dividends declared - preferred stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (44,892 | ) |  | (44,892 | ) |  | — |  |  | (44,892 | )
Issuance of 727,812 shares of common stock and restricted common stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | 849 |  |  | — |  |  | 856 |  |  | — |  |  | 856 |
Conversion of 915,338 Operating Partnership common units into shares of common stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | 3,050 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,059 |  |  | (3,059 | ) |  | — |
Cancellation of 75,470 shares of restricted common stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (284 | ) |  | — |  |  | (284 | ) |  | — |  |  | (284 | )
Performance stock units | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,292 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,292 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,292 |
Forfeiture of performance stock units | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (250 | ) |  | — |  |  | (250 | ) |  | — |  |  | (250 | )
Amortization of deferred compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,640 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,640 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,640 |
Adjustment for noncontrolling interests | 4,065 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (17,706 | ) |  | — |  |  | (17,706 | ) |  | 13,642 |  |  | (4,064 | )
Adjustment to record redeemable noncontrolling interests at redemption value | (3,619 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,152 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,152 |  |  | 467 |  |  | 3,619 |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests | (4,572 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (27,311 | ) |  | (27,311 | )
Contributions from noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,609 |  |  | 9,609 |
Balance, December 31, 2018 | $ | 3,575 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 1,727 |  |  | $ | 1,968,280 |  |  | $ | (1,005,895 | ) |  | $ | 964,137 |  |  | $ | 68,028 |  |  | $ | 1,032,165 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.
91

CBL & Associates Properties, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | (99,229 | ) |  | $ | 158,982 |  |  | $ | 195,531 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 285,401 |  |  | 299,090 |  |  | 292,693 |
Net amortization of deferred financing costs, debt premiums and discounts | 7,163 |  |  | 4,953 |  |  | 2,952 |
Net amortization of intangible lease assets and liabilities | (192 | ) |  | (1,788 | ) |  | 113 |
Gain on sales of real estate assets | (19,001 | ) |  | (93,792 | ) |  | (29,567 | )
Gain on insurance proceeds | (912 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Write-off of development projects | 787 |  |  | 5,180 |  |  | 56 |
Share-based compensation expense | 5,386 |  |  | 5,792 |  |  | 5,027 |
(Gain) loss on investments | — |  |  | 6,197 |  |  | (7,534 | )
Loss on impairment | 174,529 |  |  | 71,401 |  |  | 116,822 |
Gain on extinguishment of debt | — |  |  | (30,927 | ) |  | — |
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates | (14,677 | ) |  | (22,939 | ) |  | (117,533 | )
Distributions of earnings from unconsolidated affiliates | 21,539 |  |  | 22,373 |  |  | 16,603 |
Provision for doubtful accounts | 4,817 |  |  | 3,782 |  |  | 4,058 |
Change in deferred tax accounts | (2,905 | ) |  | 4,526 |  |  | (907 | )
Changes in: |  |  |  |  |
Tenant and other receivables | 1,379 |  |  | (3,941 | ) |  | (7,979 | )
Other assets | 1,343 |  |  | (6,660 | ) |  | (4,386 | )
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 11,814 |  |  | 8,168 |  |  | 2,630 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 377,242 |  |  | 430,397 |  |  | 468,579 |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |
Additions to real estate assets | (137,196 | ) |  | (203,127 | ) |  | (248,004 | )
Acquisitions of real estate assets | (3,301 | ) |  | (79,799 | ) |  | — |
Proceeds from sales of real estate assets | 88,191 |  |  | 210,346 |  |  | 189,489 |
Net proceeds from disposal of investments | — |  |  | 9,000 |  |  | 10,299 |
Proceeds from insurance | 3,189 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Additions to mortgage and other notes receivable | — |  |  | (4,118 | ) |  | (3,259 | )
Payments received on mortgage and other notes receivable | 1,274 |  |  | 9,659 |  |  | 1,069 |
Additional investments in and advances to unconsolidated affiliates | (5,050 | ) |  | (19,347 | ) |  | (28,510 | )
Distributions in excess of equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates | 32,277 |  |  | 18,192 |  |  | 95,958 |
Changes in other assets | (6,853 | ) |  | (16,618 | ) |  | (7,054 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | (27,469 | ) |  | (75,812 | ) |  | 9,988 |

92

CBL & Associates Properties, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Continued)
(In thousands)

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from mortgage and other indebtedness | $ | 642,652 |  |  | $ | 1,216,132 |  |  | $ | 1,174,409 |
Principal payments on mortgage and other indebtedness | (790,617 | ) |  | (1,264,076 | ) |  | (1,377,739 | )
Additions to deferred financing costs | (1,859 | ) |  | (5,905 | ) |  | (8,345 | )
Prepayment fees on extinguishment of debt | — |  |  | (8,871 | ) |  | — |
Proceeds from issuances of common stock | 156 |  |  | 204 |  |  | 179 |
Purchases of noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership | (2,267 | ) |  | (656 | ) |  | (11,754 | )
Contributions from noncontrolling interests | 9,609 |  |  | 263 |  |  | 11,241 |
Payment of tax withholdings for restricted stock awards | (289 | ) |  | (390 | ) |  | — |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests | (35,113 | ) |  | (62,010 | ) |  | (47,213 | )
Dividends paid to holders of preferred stock | (44,892 | ) |  | (44,892 | ) |  | (44,892 | )
Dividends paid to common shareholders | (137,813 | ) |  | (181,281 | ) |  | (180,960 | )
Net cash used in financing activities | (360,433 | ) |  | (351,482 | ) |  | (485,074 | )
NET CHANGE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH | (10,660 | ) |  | 3,103 |  |  | (6,507 | )
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH, beginning of period | 68,172 |  |  | 65,069 |  |  | 71,576 |
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH, end of period | $ | 57,512 |  |  | $ | 68,172 |  |  | $ | 65,069 |
Reconciliation from consolidated statements of cash flows to consolidated balance sheets:
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 25,138 |  |  | $ | 32,627 |  |  | $ | 18,951 |
Restricted cash (1): |  |  |  |  |
Restricted cash | 3,812 |  |  | 920 |  |  | 4,123 |
Mortgage escrows | 28,562 |  |  | 34,625 |  |  | 41,995 |
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH, end of period | $ | 57,512 |  |  | $ | 68,172 |  |  | $ | 65,069 |
(1) Included in intangible lease assets and other assets in the consolidated balance sheets

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.
93

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Unit Holders of CBL & Associates Limited Partnership
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of CBL & Associates Limited Partnership and subsidiaries (the "Partnership") as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), capital, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes and the schedules listed in the Index at Item 15 (collectively referred to as the "financial statements"). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Partnership as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB), the Partnership's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated March 1, 2019, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Partnership's internal control over financial reporting.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Partnership's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Partnership's financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Partnership in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP
Atlanta, Georgia
March 1, 2019
We have served as the Partnership's auditor since 2013.
94

CBL & Associates Limited Partnership
Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands)

| December 31,
ASSETS (1) | 2018 |  | 2017
Real estate assets: |  |  |
Land | $ | 793,944 |  |  | $ | 813,390 |
Buildings and improvements | 6,414,886 |  |  | 6,723,194 |
| 7,208,830 |  |  | 7,536,584 |
Accumulated depreciation | (2,493,082 | ) |  | (2,465,095 | )
| 4,715,748 |  |  | 5,071,489 |
Held for sale | 30,971 |  |  | — |
Developments in progress | 38,807 |  |  | 85,346 |
Net investment in real estate assets | 4,785,526 |  |  | 5,156,835 |
Cash and cash equivalents | 25,138 |  |  | 32,627 |
Receivables: |  |  |  |  |
Tenant, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $2,337 and $2,011 in 2018 and 2017, respectively | 77,788 |  |  | 83,552 |
Other, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $838 in 2017 | 7,462 |  |  | 7,520 |
Mortgage and other notes receivable | 7,672 |  |  | 8,945 |
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates | 284,086 |  |  | 249,722 |
Intangible lease assets and other assets | 153,545 |  |  | 165,967 |
| $ | 5,341,217 |  |  | $ | 5,705,168 |
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE INTERESTS AND CAPITAL |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage and other indebtedness, net | $ | 4,043,180 |  |  | $ | 4,230,845 |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 218,288 |  |  | 228,720 |
Liabilities related to assets held for sale | 43,716 |  |  | — |
Total liabilities (1) | 4,305,184 |  |  | 4,459,565 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 7 and Note 15) |  |  |  |  |
Redeemable common units | 3,575 |  |  | 8,835 |
Partners' capital: |  |  |  |  |
Preferred units | 565,212 |  |  | 565,212 |
Common units: |  |  |  |
General partner | 4,628 |  |  | 6,735 |
Limited partners | 450,507 |  |  | 655,120 |
Total partners' capital | 1,020,347 |  |  | 1,227,067 |
Noncontrolling interests | 12,111 |  |  | 9,701 |
Total capital | 1,032,458 |  |  | 1,236,768 |
| $ | 5,341,217 |  |  | $ | 5,705,168 |

(1) | As of December 31, 2018, includes $622,613 of assets related to consolidated variable interest entities that can be used only to settle obligations of the consolidated variable interest entities and $418,885 of liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities for which creditors do not have recourse to the general credit of the Operating Partnership. See Note 9.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.
95

CBL & Associates Limited Partnership
Consolidated Statements of Operations
(In thousands, except per unit data)

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
REVENUES: |  |  |  |  |
Minimum rents | $ | 588,007 |  |  | $ | 624,161 |  |  | $ | 670,565 |
Percentage rents | 11,759 |  |  | 11,874 |  |  | 17,803 |
Other rents | 12,034 |  |  | 19,008 |  |  | 23,110 |
Tenant reimbursements | 217,313 |  |  | 254,552 |  |  | 280,438 |
Management, development and leasing fees | 10,542 |  |  | 11,982 |  |  | 14,925 |
Other | 18,902 |  |  | 5,675 |  |  | 21,416 |
Total revenues | 858,557 |  |  | 927,252 |  |  | 1,028,257 |
OPERATING EXPENSES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Property operating | (122,017 | ) |  | (128,030 | ) |  | (137,760 | )
Depreciation and amortization | (285,401 | ) |  | (299,090 | ) |  | (292,693 | )
Real estate taxes | (82,291 | ) |  | (83,917 | ) |  | (90,110 | )
Maintenance and repairs | (48,304 | ) |  | (48,606 | ) |  | (53,586 | )
General and administrative | (61,506 | ) |  | (58,466 | ) |  | (63,332 | )
Loss on impairment | (174,529 | ) |  | (71,401 | ) |  | (116,822 | )
Other | (787 | ) |  | (5,180 | ) |  | (20,326 | )
Total operating expenses | (774,835 | ) |  | (694,690 | ) |  | (774,629 | )
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSES): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest and other income | 1,858 |  |  | 1,706 |  |  | 1,524 |
Interest expense | (220,038 | ) |  | (218,680 | ) |  | (216,318 | )
Gain on extinguishment of debt | — |  |  | 30,927 |  |  | — |
Gain (loss) on investments | — |  |  | (6,197 | ) |  | 7,534 |
Gain on sales of real estate assets | 19,001 |  |  | 93,792 |  |  | 29,567 |
Income tax benefit | 1,551 |  |  | 1,933 |  |  | 2,063 |
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates | 14,677 |  |  | 22,939 |  |  | 117,533 |
Total other income (expenses) | (182,951 | ) |  | (73,580 | ) |  | (58,097 | )
Net income (loss) | (99,229 | ) |  | 158,982 |  |  | 195,531 |
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | 973 |  |  | (25,390 | ) |  | (1,112 | )
Net income (loss) attributable to the Operating Partnership | (98,256 | ) |  | 133,592 |  |  | 194,419 |
Distributions to preferred unitholders | (44,892 | ) |  | (44,892 | ) |  | (44,892 | )
Net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders | $ | (143,148 | ) |  | $ | 88,700 |  |  | $ | 149,527 |
Basic per unit data attributable to common unitholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of preferred distributions | $ | (0.72 | ) |  | $ | 0.45 |  |  | $ | 0.75 |
Weighted-average common units outstanding | 199,580 |  |  | 199,322 |  |  | 199,764 |
Diluted per unit data attributable to common unitholders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income (loss) from continuing operations, net of preferred distributions | $ | (0.72 | ) |  | $ | 0.45 |  |  | $ | 0.75 |
Weighted-average common and potential dilutive common units outstanding | 199,580 |  |  | 199,322 |  |  | 199,838 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.
96

CBL & Associates Limited Partnership
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(In thousands)

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Net income (loss) | $ | (99,229 | ) |  | $ | 158,982 |  |  | $ | 195,531 |
Other comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized gain on hedging instruments | — |  |  | — |  |  | 877 |
Reclassification of hedging effect on earnings | — |  |  | — |  |  | (443 | )
Total other comprehensive income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 434 |
Comprehensive income (loss) | (99,229 | ) |  | 158,982 |  |  | 195,965 |
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | 973 |  |  | (25,390 | ) |  | (1,112 | )
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to the Operating Partnership | $ | (98,256 | ) |  | $ | 133,592 |  |  | $ | 194,853 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.
97

CBL & Associates Limited Partnership
Consolidated Statements of Capital
(in thousands)

| Redeemable Interests |  | Number of |  |  |  | Common Units |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests |  | Redeemable Common Units |  | Total Redeemable Interests |  | Preferred Units |  | Common Units |  | Preferred Units |  | General Partner |  | Limited Partners |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  | Total Partner's Capital |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  | Total Capital
Balance, December 31, 2015 | $ | 5,586 |  |  | $ | 19,744 |  |  | $ | 25,330 |  |  | 25,050 |  |  | 199,748 |  |  | $ | 565,212 |  |  | $ | 8,435 |  |  | $ | 822,383 |  |  | $ | (868 | ) |  | $ | 1,395,162 |  |  | $ | 4,876 |  |  | $ | 1,400,038 |
Net income (loss) | (2,762 | ) |  | 1,159 |  |  | (1,603 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 44,892 |  |  | 1,523 |  |  | 146,845 |  |  | — |  |  | 193,260 |  |  | 3,874 |  |  | 197,134 |
Other comprehensive income | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 431 |  |  | 431 |  |  | — |  |  | 431 |
Redemptions of common units | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (965 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (11,754 | ) |  | — |  |  | (11,754 | ) |  | — |  |  | (11,754 | )
Issuances of common units | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 336 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 481 |  |  | — |  |  | 481 |  |  | — |  |  | 481 |
Distributions declared - common units | — |  |  | (4,572 | ) |  | (4,572 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,133 | ) |  | (211,058 | ) |  | — |  |  | (213,191 | ) |  | — |  |  | (213,191 | )
Distributions declared - preferred units | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (44,892 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (44,892 | ) |  | — |  |  | (44,892 | )
Cancellation of restricted common stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (34 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (267 | ) |  | — |  |  | (267 | ) |  | — |  |  | (267 | )
Redemption of redeemable noncontrolling interest | (3,206 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3,206 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 99 |  |  | 9,537 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,636 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,636 |
Performance Stock Units | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11 |  |  | 1,022 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,033 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,033 |
Amortization of deferred compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 38 |  |  | 3,642 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,680 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,680 |
Allocation of partners' capital | — |  |  | 2,454 |  |  | 2,454 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (172 | ) |  | (2,831 | ) |  | 437 |  |  | (2,566 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,566 | )
Adjustment to record redeemable interests at redemption value | 2,729 |  |  | (792 | ) |  | 1,937 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (20 | ) |  | (1,917 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,937 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,937 | )
Distributions to noncontrolling interests | (2,347 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,347 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,888 | ) |  | (7,888 | )
Contributions from noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,241 |  |  | 11,241 |
Balance, December 31, 2016 | $ | — |  |  | $ | 17,996 |  |  | $ | 17,996 |  |  | 25,050 |  |  | 199,085 |  |  | $ | 565,212 |  |  | $ | 7,781 |  |  | $ | 756,083 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,329,076 |  |  | $ | 12,103 |  |  | $ | 1,341,179 |

Net income | — |  |  | 699 |  |  | 699 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 44,892 |  |  | 905 |  |  | 87,096 |  |  | — |  |  | 132,893 |  |  | 25,390 |  |  | 158,283 |
Redemptions of common units | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (84 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (656 | ) |  | — |  |  | (656 | ) |  | — |  |  | (656 | )
Issuances of common units | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 349 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 529 |  |  | — |  |  | 529 |  |  | — |  |  | 529 |
Distributions declared - common units | — |  |  | (4,572 | ) |  | (4,572 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,002 | ) |  | (198,209 | ) |  | — |  |  | (200,211 | ) |  | — |  |  | (200,211 | )
Distributions declared - preferred units | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (44,892 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (44,892 | ) |  | — |  |  | (44,892 | )
Cancellation of restricted common stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (53 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (405 | ) |  | — |  |  | (405 | ) |  | — |  |  | (405 | )
Performance stock units | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |  |  | 1,486 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,501 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,501 |
Amortization of deferred compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 41 |  |  | 3,941 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,982 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,982 |
Allocation of partners' capital | — |  |  | 3,049 |  |  | 3,049 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (91 | ) |  | (2,996 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3,087 | ) |  | — |  |  | (3,087 | )
Adjustment to record redeemable interests at redemption value | — |  |  | (8,337 | ) |  | (8,337 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 86 |  |  | 8,251 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,337 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,337 |
Deconsolidation of investment | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,232 | ) |  | (2,232 | )
Distributions to noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (25,823 | ) |  | (25,823 | )
Contributions from noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 263 |  |  | 263 |
Balance, December 31, 2017 | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,835 |  |  | $ | 8,835 |  |  | 25,050 |  |  | 199,297 |  |  | $ | 565,212 |  |  | $ | 6,735 |  |  | $ | 655,120 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,227,067 |  |  | $ | 9,701 |  |  | $ | 1,236,768 |

98

CBL & Associates Limited Partnership
Consolidated Statements of Capital
(Continued)
(in thousands)

|  |  | Number of |  |  |  | Common Units |  |  |  |  |  |
| Redeemable Common Units |  | Preferred Units |  | Common Units |  | Preferred Units |  | General Partner |  | Limited Partners |  | Total Partner's Capital |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  | Total Capital
Balance, December 31, 2017 | $ | 8,835 |  |  | 25,050 |  |  | 199,297 |  |  | $ | 565,212 |  |  | $ | 6,735 |  |  | $ | 655,120 |  |  | $ | 1,227,067 |  |  | $ | 9,701 |  |  | $ | 1,236,768 |
Net income (loss) | (1,134 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 44,892 |  |  | (1,459 | ) |  | (140,556 | ) |  | (97,123 | ) |  | (973 | ) |  | (98,096 | )
Cumulative effect of accounting change (Note 2) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 117 |  |  | 11,316 |  |  | 11,433 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,433 |
Cumulative effect of accounting change (Note 3) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 605 |  |  | 58,342 |  |  | 58,947 |  |  | — |  |  | 58,947 |
Redemptions of common units | — |  |  | — |  |  | (535 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,267 | ) |  | (2,267 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,267 | )
Issuances of common units | — |  |  | — |  |  | 728 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 856 |  |  | 856 |  |  | — |  |  | 856 |
Distributions declared - common units | (4,572 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,358 | ) |  | (136,273 | ) |  | (137,631 | ) |  | — |  |  | (137,631 | )
Distributions declared - preferred units | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (44,892 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (44,892 | ) |  | — |  |  | (44,892 | )
Cancellation of restricted common stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | (75 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (284 | ) |  | (284 | ) |  | — |  |  | (284 | )
Performance stock units | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | 1,279 |  |  | 1,292 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,292 |
Forfeiture of performance stock units | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3 | ) |  | (247 | ) |  | (250 | ) |  | — |  |  | (250 | )
Amortization of deferred compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 38 |  |  | 3,602 |  |  | 3,640 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,640 |
Allocation of partners' capital | 4,065 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (97 | ) |  | (3,962 | ) |  | (4,059 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4,059 | )
Adjustment to record redeemable interests at redemption value | (3,619 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |  |  | 3,581 |  |  | 3,618 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,618 |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,226 | ) |  | (6,226 | )
Contributions from noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,609 |  |  | 9,609 |
Balance, December 31, 2018 | $ | 3,575 |  |  | 25,050 |  |  | 199,415 |  |  | $ | 565,212 |  |  | $ | 4,628 |  |  | $ | 450,507 |  |  | $ | 1,020,347 |  |  | $ | 12,111 |  |  | $ | 1,032,458 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.
99

CBL & Associates Limited Partnership
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | (99,229 | ) |  | $ | 158,982 |  |  | $ | 195,531 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 285,401 |  |  | 299,090 |  |  | 292,693 |
Amortization of deferred financing costs, debt premiums and discounts | 7,163 |  |  | 4,953 |  |  | 2,952 |
Net amortization of intangible lease assets and liabilities | (192 | ) |  | (1,788 | ) |  | 113 |
Gain on sales of real estate assets | (19,001 | ) |  | (93,792 | ) |  | (29,567 | )
Gain on insurance proceeds | (912 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Write-off of development projects | 787 |  |  | 5,180 |  |  | 56 |
Share-based compensation expense | 5,386 |  |  | 5,792 |  |  | 5,027 |
(Gain) loss on investments | — |  |  | 6,197 |  |  | (7,534 | )
Loss on impairment | 174,529 |  |  | 71,401 |  |  | 116,822 |
Gain on extinguishment of debt | — |  |  | (30,927 | ) |  | — |
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates | (14,677 | ) |  | (22,939 | ) |  | (117,533 | )
Distributions of earnings from unconsolidated affiliates | 21,535 |  |  | 22,376 |  |  | 16,633 |
Provision for doubtful accounts | 4,817 |  |  | 3,782 |  |  | 4,058 |
Change in deferred tax accounts | (2,905 | ) |  | 4,526 |  |  | (907 | )
Changes in: |  |  |  |  |
Tenant and other receivables | 1,379 |  |  | (3,941 | ) |  | (7,931 | )
Other assets | 1,343 |  |  | (6,660 | ) |  | (4,386 | )
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 11,818 |  |  | 8,173 |  |  | 2,550 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 377,242 |  |  | 430,405 |  |  | 468,577 |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |
Additions to real estate assets | (137,196 | ) |  | (203,127 | ) |  | (248,004 | )
Acquisitions of real estate assets | (3,301 | ) |  | (79,799 | ) |  | — |
Proceeds from sales of real estate assets | 88,191 |  |  | 210,346 |  |  | 189,489 |
Proceeds from insurance | 3,189 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net proceeds from disposal of investments | — |  |  | 9,000 |  |  | 10,299 |
Additions to mortgage and other notes receivable | — |  |  | (4,118 | ) |  | (3,259 | )
Payments received on mortgage and other notes receivable | 1,274 |  |  | 9,659 |  |  | 1,069 |
Additional investments in and advances to unconsolidated affiliates | (5,050 | ) |  | (19,347 | ) |  | (28,510 | )
Distributions in excess of equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates | 32,277 |  |  | 18,192 |  |  | 95,958 |
Changes in other assets | (6,853 | ) |  | (16,618 | ) |  | (7,054 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities | (27,469 | ) |  | (75,812 | ) |  | 9,988 |

100

CBL & Associates Limited Partnership
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Continued)
(In thousands)

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from mortgage and other indebtedness | $ | 642,652 |  |  | $ | 1,216,132 |  |  | $ | 1,174,409 |
Principal payments on mortgage and other indebtedness | (790,617 | ) |  | (1,264,076 | ) |  | (1,377,739 | )
Additions to deferred financing costs | (1,859 | ) |  | (5,905 | ) |  | (8,345 | )
Prepayment fees on extinguishment of debt | — |  |  | (8,871 | ) |  | — |
Proceeds from issuances of common units | 156 |  |  | 204 |  |  | 179 |
Redemption of common units | (2,267 | ) |  | (656 | ) |  | (11,754 | )
Contributions from noncontrolling interests | 9,609 |  |  | 263 |  |  | 11,240 |
Payment of tax withholdings for restricted stock awards | (289 | ) |  | (390 | ) |  | — |
Distributions to noncontrolling interests | (10,798 | ) |  | (32,038 | ) |  | (14,807 | )
Distributions to preferred unitholders | (44,892 | ) |  | (44,892 | ) |  | (44,892 | )
Distributions to common unitholders | (162,128 | ) |  | (211,253 | ) |  | (213,366 | )
Net cash used in financing activities | (360,433 | ) |  | (351,482 | ) |  | (485,075 | )
NET CHANGE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH | (10,660 | ) |  | 3,111 |  |  | (6,510 | )
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH, beginning of period | 68,172 |  |  | 65,061 |  |  | 71,571 |
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH, end of period | $ | 57,512 |  |  | $ | 68,172 |  |  | $ | 65,061 |
Reconciliation from consolidated statements of cash flows to consolidated balance sheets:
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 25,138 |  |  | $ | 32,627 |  |  | $ | 18,943 |
Restricted cash (1): |  |  |  |  |
Restricted cash | 3,812 |  |  | 920 |  |  | 4,123 |
Mortgage escrows | 28,562 |  |  | 34,625 |  |  | 41,995 |
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH, end of period | $ | 57,512 |  |  | $ | 68,172 |  |  | $ | 65,061 |
(1) Included in intangible lease assets and other assets in the consolidated balance sheets

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements.
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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(In thousands, except share and unit data)
NOTE 1. ORGANIZATION
CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. ("CBL"), a Delaware corporation, is a self-managed, self-administered, fully-integrated real estate investment trust ("REIT") that is engaged in the ownership, development, acquisition, leasing, management and operation of regional shopping malls, open-air and mixed-use centers, outlet centers, associated centers, community centers, office and other properties. Its Properties are located in 26 states, but are primarily in the southeastern and midwestern United States.
CBL conducts substantially all of its business through CBL & Associates Limited Partnership (the "Operating Partnership"), which is a variable interest entity ("VIE"). The Operating Partnership consolidates the financial statements of all entities in which it has a controlling financial interest or where it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE. As of December 31, 2018, the Operating Partnership owned interests in the following Properties:

|  |  |  | All Other Properties |  |
|  | Malls (1) |  | Associated Centers |  | Community Centers |  | Office Buildings and Other |  | Total
Consolidated Properties |  | 59 |  | 20 |  | 2 |  | 5 | (2) | 86
Unconsolidated Properties (3) |  | 8 |  | 3 |  | 5 |  | 1 |  | 17
Total |  | 67 |  | 23 |  | 7 |  | 6 |  | 103

(1) | Category consists of regional malls, open-air centers and outlet centers (including one mixed-use center) (the "Malls").

(2) | Includes CBL's two corporate office buildings.

(3) | The Operating Partnership accounts for these investments using the equity method because one or more of the other partners have substantive participating rights.

At December 31, 2018, the Operating Partnership had an interest in a self-storage facility that was under development (the "Construction Property"). See Note 6 for more information on this development, which is owned by an unconsolidated affiliate.
The Malls, All Other Properties ("Associated Centers, Community Centers, Office Buildings and Self-storage Facilities") and the Construction Property are collectively referred to as the “Properties” and individually as a “Property.”
CBL is the 100% owner of two qualified REIT subsidiaries, CBL Holdings I, Inc. and CBL Holdings II, Inc. At December 31, 2018, CBL Holdings I, Inc., the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, owned a 1.0% general partner interest in the Operating Partnership and CBL Holdings II, Inc. owned an 85.6% limited partner interest for a combined interest held by CBL of 86.6%.
As used herein, the term "Company" includes CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. and its subsidiaries, including CBL & Associates Limited Partnership and its subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise. The term "Operating Partnership" refers to CBL & Associates Limited Partnership and its subsidiaries.
On November 3, 1993, CBL completed an initial public offering (the “Offering”). Simultaneously with the completion of the Offering, CBL & Associates, Inc., its shareholders and affiliates and certain senior officers of the Company (collectively, “CBL’s Predecessor”) transferred substantially all of their interests in certain real estate properties to CBL & Associates Limited Partnership (the “Operating Partnership”) in exchange for common units of limited partner interest in the Operating Partnership. At December 31, 2018, CBL’s Predecessor owned a 9.1% limited partner interest and third parties owned a 4.3% limited partner interest in the Operating Partnership. CBL’s Predecessor also owned 4.0 million shares of the Company's common stock at December 31, 2018, for a total combined effective interest of 11.1% in the Operating Partnership.
The Operating Partnership conducts the Company's property management and development activities through its wholly-owned subsidiary, CBL & Associates Management, Inc. ("the Management Company"), to comply with certain requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Internal Revenue Code").
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N OTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
This Form 10-K provides separate consolidated financial statements for the Company and the Operating Partnership. Due to the Company's ability as general partner to control the Operating Partnership, the Company consolidates the Operating Partnership within its consolidated financial statements for financial reporting purposes. The notes to consolidated financial statements apply to both the Company and the Operating Partnership, unless specifically noted otherwise.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the consolidated accounts of the Company, the Operating Partnership and their wholly owned subsidiaries, as well as entities in which the Company has a controlling financial interest or entities where the Company is deemed to be the primary beneficiary of a VIE. For entities in which the Company has less than a controlling financial interest or entities where the Company is not deemed to be the primary beneficiary of a VIE, the entities are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. Accordingly, the Company's share of the net earnings or losses of these entities is included in consolidated net income (loss). The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated.
Accounting Guidance Adopted

Description |  | Date Adopted & Application Method |  | Financial Statement Effect and Other Information
ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and related subsequent amendments |  | January 1, 2018 - Modified Retrospective (applied to contracts not completed as of the implementation date) |  | The objective of this guidance is to enable financial statement users to better understand and analyze revenue by replacing transaction and industry-specific guidance with a more principles-based approach to revenue recognition. The core principle is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that the entity expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services. The guidance also requires additional disclosure about the nature, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts. The Company expects the guidance including the impact of adoption to be immaterial as the majority of the Company’s revenues relate to leasing. See Note 3 for further details and the cumulative adjustment recorded.
ASU 2016-16, Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory |  | January 1, 2018 - Modified Retrospective |  | The guidance requires an entity to recognize the income tax consequences of intercompany sales or transfers of assets, other than inventory, when the sale or transfer occurs. The Company recorded a cumulative effect adjustment of $11,433 to retained earnings as of January 1, 2018 related to certain 2017 asset sales from several of the Company's consolidated subsidiaries to the Management Company.
ASU 2017-05, Clarifying the Scope of Asset Derecognition Guidance and Accounting for Partial Sales of Nonfinancial Assets |  | January 1, 2018 - Modified Retrospective |  | This guidance applies to the partial sale or transfer of nonfinancial assets, including real estate assets, to unconsolidated joint ventures and requires 100% of the gain to be recognized for nonfinancial assets transferred to an unconsolidated joint venture and any noncontrolling interest received in such nonfinancial assets to be measured at fair value. See Note 3 for further details including the impact of adoption and the cumulative adjustment recorded.
ASU 2017-09, Scope of Modification Accounting |  | January 1, 2018 - Prospective |  | The guidance clarifies the types of changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award to which an entity would be required to apply modification accounting. The guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

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Accounting Guidance Not Yet Effective

Description |  | Expected Adoption Date & Application Method |  | Financial Statement Effect and Other Information
ASU 2016-02, Leases, and related subsequent amendments |  | January 1, 2019 - Modified Retrospective (electing optional transition method to apply at adoption date and record cumulative-effect adjustment as of January 1, 2019) |  | The objective of the leasing guidance is to increase transparency and comparability by recognizing lease assets and liabilities on the balance sheet and disclosing key information about leasing arrangements. Lessees will be required to recognize a right-of-use ("ROU") asset and corresponding lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms greater than 12 months. The Company completed an inventory of its leases in which it is a lessee and will record ROU assets and corresponding lease liabilities, which approximate $4,358 as of January 1, 2019, related to eight ground leases and one office lease. These leases have a weighted-average remaining term of 43.7 years and a weighted-average discount rate of 8.00% as of January 1, 2019 with maturity dates ranging from January 2021 to October 2089. The guidance applied by a lessor is substantially similar to existing GAAP and the Company expects substantially all leases will continue to be classified as operating leases under the new guidance. The Company expects to expense certain deferred lease costs and overhead due to the narrowed definition of indirect costs that may be capitalized. Of the $3,887 in deferred lease costs and capitalized overhead recorded in 2018, approximately $938 relates to legal and other costs related to future leases which will not be capitalized under the new guidance. Additionally, non-lease components, which are primarily related to common area maintenance ("CAM"), which are combined with lease components under the guidance will be included in one line item with minimum lease payments and recognized on a straight-line basis beginning in 2019. Practical expedients and accounting policy elections: The Company elected a package of practical expedients pursuant to which it did not reassess contracts to determine if they contain leases, did not reassess lease classification and did not reassess capitalization of initial direct costs related to expired or existing leases as of the adoption date. The Company will use the land easements practical expedient and apply the short-term lease policy election to leases 12 months or less at inception. Additionally, the Company will apply the sales tax accounting policy election. The Company also adopted the practical expedient which allows lessors to combine lease and non-lease components if certain conditions are met. The majority of the Company's revenues will continue to be classified as leasing revenues. Other than the recognition of ROU assets and lease liabilities, the requirement to straight-line non-lease components which are combined with lease components, and additional disclosures, the Company does not expect the guidance will have a material effect on its consolidated financial statements.
ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments |  | January 1, 2020 - Modified Retrospective |  | The guidance replaces the current incurred loss impairment model, which reflects credit events, with a current expected credit loss model, which recognizes an allowance for credit losses based on an entity's estimate of contractual cash flows not expected to be collected. The Company is evaluating the impact that this update may have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

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ASU 2018-15, Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract |  | January 1, 2020 - Prospective |  | The guidance addresses diversity in practice in accounting for the costs of implementation activities in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract. Under the guidance, the Company is to follow Subtopic 350-40 on internal-use software to determine which implementation costs to capitalize and which to expense. The guidance also requires an entity to expense capitalized implementation costs over the term of the hosting arrangement and include that expense in the same line item as the fees associated with the service element of the arrangement. The Company does not expect the adoption of this guidance will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

Real Estate Assets
The Company capitalizes predevelopment project costs paid to third parties. All previously capitalized predevelopment costs are expensed when it is no longer probable that the project will be completed. Once development of a project commences, all direct costs incurred to construct the project, including interest and real estate taxes, are capitalized. Additionally, certain general and administrative expenses are allocated to the projects and capitalized based on the amount of time applicable personnel work on the development project. Ordinary repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Major replacements and improvements are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives.
All acquired real estate assets have been accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting and accordingly, the results of operations are included in the consolidated statements of operations from the respective dates of acquisition. The Company allocates the purchase price to (i) tangible assets, consisting of land, buildings and improvements, as if vacant, and tenant improvements, and (ii) identifiable intangible assets and liabilities, generally consisting of above-market leases, in-place leases and tenant relationships, which are included in other assets, and below-market leases, which are included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities. The Company uses estimates of fair value based on estimated cash flows, using appropriate discount rates, and other valuation techniques to allocate the purchase price to the acquired tangible and intangible assets. Liabilities assumed generally consist of mortgage debt on the real estate assets acquired. Assumed debt is recorded at its fair value based on estimated market interest rates at the date of acquisition. The Company expects its future acquisitions will be accounted for as acquisitions of assets in which related transaction costs will be capitalized.
Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis over estimated lives of 40 years for buildings, 10 to 20 years for certain improvements and 7 to 10 years for equipment and fixtures. Tenant improvements are capitalized and depreciated on a straight-line basis over the term of the related lease. Lease-related intangibles from acquisitions of real estate assets are generally amortized over the remaining terms of the related leases. The amortization of above- and below-market leases is recorded as an adjustment to minimum rental revenue, while the amortization of all other lease-related intangibles is recorded as amortization expense. Any difference between the face value of the debt assumed and its fair value is amortized to interest expense over the remaining term of the debt using the effective interest method.
The Company’s intangibles and their balance sheet classifications as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, are summarized as follows:

| December 31, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
| Cost |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Cost |  | Accumulated Amortization
Intangible lease assets and other assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Above-market leases | $ | 28,165 |  |  | $ | (24,890 | ) |  | $ | 38,798 |  |  | $ | (31,245 | )
In-place leases | 92,750 |  |  | (78,796 | ) |  | 103,230 |  |  | (78,854 | )
Tenant relationships | 41,561 |  |  | (10,135 | ) |  | 44,580 |  |  | (9,719 | )
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Below-market leases | 63,719 |  |  | (50,146 | ) |  | 69,990 |  |  | (49,756 | )

105

These intangibles are related to specific tenant leases. Should a termination occur earlier than the date indicated in the lease, the related unamortized intangible assets or liabilities, if any, related to the lease are recorded as expense or income, as applicable. The total net amortization expense of the above intangibles was $13,282, $13,256 and $8,687 in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The estimated total net amortization expense for the next five succeeding years is $4,455 in 2019, $1,568 in 2020, $1,292 in 2021, $1,153 in 2022 and $928 in 2023.
Total interest expense capitalized was $3,225, $2,314 and $2,182 in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Carrying Value of Long-Lived Assets
The Company monitors events or changes in circumstances that could indicate the carrying value of a long-lived asset may not be recoverable. When indicators of potential impairment are present that suggest that the carrying amounts of a long-lived asset may not be recoverable, the Company assesses the recoverability of the asset by determining whether the asset’s carrying value will be recovered through the estimated undiscounted future cash flows expected from the Company’s probability weighted use of the asset and its eventual disposition. In the event that such undiscounted future cash flows do not exceed the carrying value, the Company adjusts the carrying value of the long-lived asset to its estimated fair value and recognizes an impairment loss. The estimated fair value is calculated based on the following information, in order of preference, depending upon availability: (Level 1) recently quoted market prices, (Level 2) market prices for comparable properties, or (Level 3) the present value of future cash flows, including estimated salvage value. Certain of the Company’s long-lived assets may be carried at more than an amount that could be realized in a current disposition transaction. Projections of expected future operating cash flows require that the Company estimates future market rental income amounts subsequent to expiration of current lease agreements, property operating expenses, the number of months it takes to re-lease the Property, and the number of years the Property is held for investment, among other factors. As these assumptions are subject to economic and market uncertainties, they are difficult to predict and are subject to future events that may alter the assumptions used or management’s estimates of future possible outcomes. Therefore, the future cash flows estimated in the Company’s impairment analyses may not be achieved. See Note 16 for information related to the impairment of long-lived assets for 2018, 2017 and 2016.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less as cash equivalents.
Restricted Cash
Restricted cash of $32,374 and $35,546 was included in intangible lease assets and other assets at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Restricted cash consists primarily of cash held in escrow accounts for insurance, real estate taxes, capital expenditures and tenant allowances as required by the terms of certain mortgage notes payable.
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
The Company periodically performs a detailed review of amounts due from tenants to determine if accounts receivable balances are realizable based on factors affecting the collectability of those balances. The Company’s estimate of the allowance for doubtful accounts requires management to exercise significant judgment about the timing, frequency and severity of collection losses, which affects the allowance and net income. The Company recorded a provision for doubtful accounts of $4,817, $3,782 and $4,058 for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Investments in Unconsolidated Affiliates
The Company evaluates its joint venture arrangements to determine whether they should be recorded on a consolidated basis. The percentage of ownership interest in the joint venture, an evaluation of control and whether a VIE exists are all considered in the Company’s consolidation assessment.
Initial investments in joint ventures that are in economic substance a capital contribution to the joint venture are recorded in an amount equal to the Company’s historical carryover basis in the real estate contributed. Initial investments in joint ventures that are in economic substance the sale of a portion of the Company’s interest in the real estate are accounted for as a contribution of real estate recorded in an amount equal to the Company’s historical
106

carryover basis in the ownership percentage retained and as a sale of real estate with profit recognized to the extent of the other joint venturers’ interests in the joint venture. Profit recognition assumes the Company has no commitment to reinvest with respect to the percentage of the real estate sold and the accounting requirements of the full accrual method are met.
The Company accounts for its investment in joint ventures where it owns a noncontrolling interest or where it is not the primary beneficiary of a VIE using the equity method of accounting. Under the equity method, the Company’s cost of investment is adjusted for additional contributions to and distributions from the unconsolidated affiliate, as well as its share of equity in the earnings of the unconsolidated affiliate. Generally, distributions of cash flows from operations and capital events are first made to partners to pay cumulative unpaid preferences on unreturned capital balances and then to the partners in accordance with the terms of the joint venture agreements.
Any differences between the cost of the Company’s investment in an unconsolidated affiliate and its underlying equity as reflected in the unconsolidated affiliate’s financial statements generally result from costs of the Company’s investment that are not reflected on the unconsolidated affiliate’s financial statements, capitalized interest on its investment and the Company’s share of development and leasing fees that are paid by the unconsolidated affiliate to the Company for development and leasing services provided to the unconsolidated affiliate during any development periods. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the net difference between the Company’s investment in unconsolidated affiliates and the underlying equity of unconsolidated affiliates, which are amortized over a period equal to the useful life of the unconsolidated affiliates' asset/liability that is related to the basis difference, was $49,628 and $(6,038), respectively.
On a periodic basis, the Company assesses whether there are any indicators that the fair value of the Company's investments in unconsolidated affiliates may be impaired. An investment is impaired only if the Company’s estimate of the fair value of the investment is less than the carrying value of the investment and such decline in value is deemed to be other than temporary. To the extent impairment has occurred, the loss is measured as the excess of the carrying amount of the investment over the estimated fair value of the investment. The Company's estimates of fair value for each investment are based on a number of assumptions that are subject to economic and market uncertainties including, but not limited to, demand for space, competition for tenants, changes in market rental rates, and operating costs. As these factors are difficult to predict and are subject to future events that may alter the Company’s assumptions, the fair values estimated in the impairment analyses may not be realized. No impairments of investments in unconsolidated affiliates were recorded in 2018, 2017 and 2016. The Company recorded a loss on investment in 2017. See Note 6 for additional information.
Deferred Financing Costs
Net deferred financing costs related to the Company's lines of credit of $2,005 and $3,301 were included in intangible lease assets and other assets at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Net deferred financing costs related to the Company's other indebtedness of $15,963 and $18,938 were included in net mortgage and other indebtedness at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Deferred financing costs include fees and costs incurred to obtain financing and are amortized on a straight-line basis to interest expense over the terms of the related indebtedness. Amortization expense related to deferred financing costs was $6,120, $5,918 and $5,010 in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Accumulated amortization of deferred financing costs was $22,098 and $16,269 as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Revenue Recognition
See Note 3 for a description of the Company's revenue streams and information related to the implementation of the new revenue guidance, which was adopted on January 1, 2018.
Gain on Sales of Real Estate Assets
Gains on the sale of real estate assets, like all non-lease related revenue, are subject to a five-step model requiring that the Company identify the contract with the customer, identify the performance obligations in the contract, determine the transaction price, allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract, and recognize revenue upon satisfaction of the performance obligations. In circumstances where the Company contracts to sell a property with material post-sale involvement, such involvement must be accounted for as a separate performance obligation in the contract and a portion of the sales price allocated to each performance obligation. When the post-sale involvement performance obligation is satisfied, the portion of the sales price allocated to it will be recognized as gain on sale of real estate assets. Property dispositions with no continuing involvement will continue to be recognized upon closing of the sale.
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Income Taxes
The Company is qualified as a REIT under the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. To maintain qualification as a REIT, the Company is required to distribute at least 90% of its taxable income to shareholders and meet certain other requirements.
As a REIT, the Company is generally not liable for federal corporate income taxes. If the Company fails to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, the Company will be subject to federal and state income taxes on its taxable income at regular corporate tax rates. Even if the Company maintains its qualification as a REIT, the Company may be subject to certain state and local taxes on its income and property, and to federal income and excise taxes on its undistributed income. State tax expense was $4,147, $3,772 and $3,458 during 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
The Company has also elected taxable REIT subsidiary status for some of its subsidiaries. This enables the Company to receive income and provide services that would otherwise be impermissible for REITs. For these entities, deferred tax assets and liabilities are established for temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of assets and liabilities at the enacted tax rates expected to be in effect when the temporary differences reverse. A valuation allowance for deferred tax assets is provided if the Company believes all or some portion of the deferred tax asset may not be realized. An increase or decrease in the valuation allowance that results from the change in circumstances that causes a change in our judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset is included in income or expense, as applicable.
The Company recorded an income tax benefit as follows for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016:

|  | Year Ended December 31,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Current tax benefit (provision) |  | $ | (1,354 | ) |  | $ | 6,459 |  |  | $ | 1,156 |
Deferred tax benefit (provision) |  | 2,905 |  |  | (4,526 | ) |  | 907 |
Income tax benefit |  | $ | 1,551 |  |  | $ | 1,933 |  |  | $ | 2,063 |

The Company had a net deferred tax asset of $20,133, which included the $11,433 cumulative effect adjustment related to the adoption of ASU 2016-16 on January 1, 2018 (as described above), and $7,120 at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The net deferred tax asset at December 31, 2018 and 2017 is included in intangible lease assets and other assets. The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was enacted on December 22, 2017 and reduced the U.S. federal corporate tax rate, among other provisions. The Company remeasured certain deferred tax assets, based on the rates at which they were expected to reverse in the future. The reduction, which was final not provisional, of $2,309 in its net deferred tax assets related to the tax law change. These deferred tax balances primarily consisted of net operating loss carryforwards, operating expense accruals and differences between book and tax depreciation. As of December 31, 2018, tax years that generally remain subject to examination by the Company’s major tax jurisdictions include 2018, 2017, 2016 and 2015.
The Company reports any income tax penalties attributable to its Properties as property operating expenses and any corporate-related income tax penalties as general and administrative expenses in its consolidated statement of operations. In addition, any interest incurred on tax assessments is reported as interest expense. The Company incurred nominal interest and penalty amounts in 2018, 2017 and 2016.
Concentration of Credit Risk
The Company’s tenants include national, regional and local retailers. Financial instruments that subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of tenant receivables. The Company generally does not obtain collateral or other security to support financial instruments subject to credit risk, but monitors the credit standing of tenants. The Company derives a substantial portion of its rental income from various national and regional retail companies; however, no single tenant collectively accounted for more than 4.4% of the Company’s total consolidated revenues in 2018.
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Earnings per Share and Earnings per Unit
Earnings per Share of the Company
Basic earnings per share ("EPS") is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS assumes the issuance of common stock for all potential dilutive common shares outstanding. The limited partners’ rights to convert their noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership into shares of common stock are not dilutive.
Performance stock units ("PSUs") are contingently issuable common shares and are included in earnings per share if the effect is dilutive. See Note 17 for a description of the long-term incentive program that these units relate to. The effect of 102,820 contingently issuable common shares related to PSUs for the year ended December 31, 2018 was excluded from the computation of diluted EPS because the effect would have been anti-dilutive. There were no potential dilutive common shares and no anti-dilutive shares for the year ended December 31, 2017. There were no anti-dilutive shares for the year ended December 31, 2016.
The following summarizes the impact of potential dilutive common shares on the denominator used to compute EPS for the year ended December 31, 2016:

| Year Ended December 31, 2016
Denominator – basic | 170,762 |
Effect of PSUs | 74 |
Denominator – diluted | 170,836 |

Earnings per Unit of the Operating Partnership
Basic earnings per unit ("EPU") is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common unitholders by the weighted-average number of common units outstanding for the period. Diluted EPU assumes the issuance of common units for all potential dilutive common units outstanding. PSUs are contingently issuable common shares and are included in earnings per share if the effect is dilutive. See Note 17 for a description of the long-term incentive program that these units relate to. The effect of 102,820 contingently issuable common units related to PSUs for the year ended December 31, 2018 was excluded from the computation of diluted EPS because the effect would have been anti-dilutive. There were no potential dilutive common units and no anti-dilutive units for the year ended December 31, 2017. There were no anti-dilutive units for the year ended December 31, 2016.
The following summarizes the impact of potential dilutive common units on the denominator used to compute EPU for the year ended December 31, 2016:

| Year Ended December 31, 2016
Denominator – basic | 199,764 |
Effect of PSUs | 74 |
Denominator – diluted | 199,838 |

Comprehensive Income
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) of the Company
Comprehensive income (loss) of the Company included all changes in redeemable noncontrolling interests and total equity during the period, except those resulting from investments by shareholders and partners, distributions to shareholders and partners and redemption valuation adjustments. Other comprehensive income (loss) (“OCI/L”) included changes in unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate hedge agreements. The Company did not have any AOCI for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.
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The changes in the components of AOCI/L for the year ended December 31, 2016 were as follows:

| Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests |  | The Company |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  |
| Unrealized Gains (Losses) |  |
| Hedging Agreements |  | Hedging Agreements |  | Hedging Agreements |  | Total
Beginning balance, January 1, 2016 | $ | 433 |  |  | $ | 1,935 |  |  | $ | (2,802 | ) |  | $ | (434 | )
OCI before reclassifications | 3 |  |  | 814 |  |  | 60 |  |  | 877 |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (1) | (436 | ) |  | (2,749 | ) |  | 2,742 |  |  | (443 | )
Net year-to-date period OCI/L | (433 | ) |  | (1,935 | ) |  | 2,802 |  |  | 434 |
Ending balance, December 31, 2016 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

(1) | Reclassified $443 of interest on cash flow hedges to interest expense in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) of the Operating Partnership
Comprehensive income (loss) of the Operating Partnership included all changes in redeemable common units and partners' capital during the period, except those resulting from investments by unitholders, distributions to unitholders and redemption valuation adjustments. OCI/L included changes in unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate hedge agreements. The Operating Partnership did not have any AOCI for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.
The changes in the components of AOCI for the year ended December 31, 2016 were as follows:

| Redeemable Common Units |  | Partners' Capital |  |
| Unrealized Gains (Losses) |  |
| Hedging Agreements |  | Hedging Agreements |  | Total
Beginning balance, January 1, 2016 | $ | 434 |  |  | $ | (868 | ) |  | $ | (434 | )
OCI before reclassifications | 3 |  |  | 874 |  |  | 877 |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (1) | (437 | ) |  | (6 | ) |  | (443 | )
Net year-to-date period OCI/L | (434 | ) |  | 868 |  |  | 434 |
Ending balance, December 31, 2016 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

(1) | Reclassified $443 of interest on cash flow hedges to interest expense in the consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
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N OTE 3. REVENUES
Adoption of ASU 2014-09, and all related subsequent amendments, and ASU 2017-05
The Company adopted ASC 606 (which includes ASU 2014-09 and all related subsequent amendments) on January 1, 2018 and applied the guidance to contracts that were not complete as of January 1, 2018. The cumulative effect of adopting ASC 606 included an opening adjustment of $196 to retained earnings as of January 1, 2018 in the accounts noted below. Historical amounts for prior periods were not adjusted and will continue to be reported using the guidance in ASC 605, Revenue Recognition.
Sales of real estate assets are accounted for under ASC 610-20, Other Income - Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets, which provides for revenue recognition based on the transfer of control. There should be no change in revenue recognition for sales in which the Company has no continuing involvement. ASU 2017-05 addresses revenue recognition related to property sales in which the Company has continuing involvement and may require full gain recognition.
In its adoption of ASU 2017-05, the Company identified one unconsolidated affiliate, CBL/T-C, LLC, in which the Company recorded a partial sale of real estate assets in 2011, and recorded a cumulative effect adjustment that represents a gain of $57,850 as of January 1, 2018. Additionally, in conjunction with the transfer of land in the formation of a new joint venture in 2017, the Company recorded $901 related to this transaction as a cumulative effect adjustment as of January 1, 2018.
See Note 2 for additional information about these accounting standards.
Contract Balances
A summary of the Company's contract assets activity during the year ended December 31, 2018 is presented below:

|  | Contract Assets
Balance as of January 1, 2018 (1) |  | $ | 460 |
Tenant openings |  | (740 | )
Executed leases |  | 569 |
Balance as of December 31, 2018 |  | $ | 289 |

(1) | In conjunction with the initial entry to record contract assets, $166 was also recorded in investments in unconsolidated affiliates in the consolidated balance sheets to eliminate the Company's portion related to two unconsolidated affiliates.

A summary of the Company's contract liability activity during the year ended December 31, 2018 is presented below:

|  | Contract Liability
Balance as of January 1, 2018 |  | $ | 98 |
Completed performance obligation |  | (176 | )
Contract obligation |  | 343 |
Balance as of December 31, 2018 |  | $ | 265 |

The Company has the following contract balances as of December 31, 2018:

|  |  |  | Contract Balance |  | Expected Settlement Period
Description |  | Financial Statement Line Item |  |  | 2019 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2023
Contract assets (1) |  | Management, development and leasing fees |  | $ | 289 |  |  | $ | (282 | ) |  | $ | (3 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (4 | )
Contract liability (2) |  | Other rents |  | 265 |  |  | (103 | ) |  | (54 | ) |  | (54 | ) |  | (54 | ) |  | — |

(1) | Represents leasing fees recognized as revenue in the period in which the lease is executed. Under third party and unconsolidated affiliates' contracts, the remaining 50% of the commissions are paid when the tenant opens. The tenant typically opens within a year, unless the project is in development.

(2) | Relates to a contract with a vendor in which the Company received advance payments in the initial years of the multi-year contracts.

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Revenues
Sales taxes are excluded from revenues. The following table presents the Company's revenues disaggregated by revenue source:

|  | Year Ended December 31, 2018
Leasing revenues (1) |  | $ | 829,113 |
Revenues from contracts with customers (ASC 606): |  |
Operating expense reimbursements (2) |  | 8,434 |
Management, development and leasing fees (3) |  | 10,542 |
Marketing revenues (4) |  | 6,286 |
|  | 25,262 |
Other revenues (5) |  | 4,182 |
Total revenues |  | $ | 858,557 |

(1) | Revenues from leases are accounted for in accordance with ASC 840, Leases.

(2) | Included $5,873 in the Malls segment and $2,561 in the All Other segment for the year ended December 31, 2018. See description below.

(3) | Included in All Other segment.

(4) | Included $6,255 in the Malls segment and $31 in the All Other segment for the year ended December 31, 2018.

(5) | Represents miscellaneous and other income.

See Note 12 for information on the Company's segments.
Leasing Revenues
The majority of the Company’s revenues are earned through the lease of space at its properties. Lease revenues include minimum rent, percentage rent, other rents and reimbursements from tenants for real estate taxes, insurance, CAM and other operating expenses as provided in the lease agreements.
Minimum rental revenue from operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the initial terms of the related leases. Certain tenants are required to pay percentage rent if their sales volumes exceed thresholds specified in their lease agreements. Percentage rent is recognized as revenue when the thresholds are achieved and the amounts become determinable.
The Company receives reimbursements from tenants for CAM and other recoverable operating expenses as provided in the lease agreements. Tenant reimbursements are recognized when earned in accordance with the tenant lease agreements. Tenant reimbursements related to certain capital expenditures are billed to tenants over periods of 5 to 15 years and are recognized as revenue in accordance with the underlying lease terms.
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
Operating expense reimbursements
Under operating and other agreements with third parties, which own anchor or outparcel buildings at the Company's properties and pay no rent, the Company receives reimbursements for certain operating expenses such as utilities, ring road and parking area maintenance, landscaping and other fees. These arrangements are primarily either set at a fixed rate with rate increases typically every five years or are on a variable (pro rata) basis, typically as a percentage of costs allocated based on square footage or sales. The majority of these contracts have an initial term and one or more extension options, which cumulatively approximate 50 or more years. The initial term and any extension options are typically reasonably certain of being executed by the third party. The standalone selling price of each performance obligation is determined based on the terms of the contract, which typically assigns a price to each performance obligation that directly relates to the value the customer receives for the services being provided.
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Revenue is recognized as services are transferred to the customer. Variable consideration is based on historical experience and is generally recognized over time using the cost-to-cost method of measurement because it most accurately depicts the Company's performance in satisfying the performance obligation. The cumulative catch-up method is used to recognize any adjustments in variable consideration estimates. Under this method, any adjustment is recognized in the period it is identified.
Management, development and leasing fees
The Company earns revenue from contracts with third parties and unconsolidated affiliates for property management, leasing, development and other services. These contracts are accounted for on a month-to-month basis if the agreement does not contain substantive penalties for termination. The majority of the Company's contracts with customers are accounted for on a month-to-month basis. The standalone selling price of each performance obligation is determined based on the terms of the contract, which typically assigns a price to each performance obligation that directly relates to the value the customer receives for the services being provided. These contracts generally are for the following:

• | Management fees - Management fees are charged as a percentage of revenues (as defined in the contract) and recognized as revenue over time as services are provided.

• | Leasing fees - Leasing fees are charged for newly executed leases and lease renewals and are recognized as revenue upon lease execution, when the performance obligation is completed. In cases for which the agreement specifies 50% of the leasing commission will be paid upon lease execution with the remainder paid when the tenant opens, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration it expects to receive by evaluating the likelihood of tenant openings using the most likely amount method and records the amount as an unbilled receivable (contract asset).

• | Development fees - Development fees may be either set as a fixed rate in a separate agreement or be a variable rate based on a percentage of work costs. Variable consideration related to development fees is generally recognized over time using the cost-to-cost method of measurement because it most accurately depicts the Company's performance in satisfying the performance obligation. Contract estimates are based on various assumptions including the cost and availability of materials, anticipated performance and the complexity of the work to be performed. The cumulative catch-up method is used to recognize any adjustments in variable consideration estimates. Under this method, any adjustment is recognized in the period it is identified.

Development and leasing fees received from an unconsolidated affiliate are recognized as revenue only to the extent of the third-party partner’s ownership interest. The Company's share of such fees are recorded as a reduction to the Company’s investment in the unconsolidated affiliate.
Marketing revenues
The Company earns marketing revenues from advertising and sponsorship agreements. These fees may be for tangible items in which the Company provides advertising services and creates signs and other promotional materials for the tenant or may be arrangements in which the customer sponsors a play area or event and receives specified brand recognition and other benefits over a set period of time. Revenue related to advertising services is recognized as goods and services are provided to the customer. Sponsorship revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the time period specified in the contract.
Performance obligations
A performance obligation is a promise in a contract to transfer a distinct good or service to a customer. If the contract does not specify the revenue by performance obligation, the Company allocates the transaction price to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. Such prices are generally determined using prices charged to customers or using the Company’s expected cost plus margin. Revenue is recognized as the Company’s performance obligations are satisfied over time, as services are provided, or at a point in time, such as leasing a space to earn a commission. Open performance obligations are those in which the Company has not fully or has partially provided the applicable good or services to the customer as specified in the contract. If consideration is received in advance of the Company’s performance, including amounts which are refundable, recognition of revenue is deferred until the performance obligation is satisfied or amounts are no longer refundable.
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Practical Expedients
The Company does not disclose the value of open performance obligations for (1) contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less and (2) contracts for which the Company recognizes revenue at the amount to which the Company has the right to invoice, which primarily relate to services performed for certain operating expense reimbursements and management, leasing and development activities, as described above. Performance obligations related to pro rata operating expense reimbursements for certain noncancellable contracts are disclosed below.
Outstanding Performance Obligations
The Company has outstanding performance obligations related to certain noncancellable contracts with customers for which it will receive pro rata operating expense reimbursements for providing certain maintenance and other services as described above. As of December 31, 2018, the Company expects to recognize these amounts as revenue over the following periods:

Performance obligation |  | Less than 5 years |  | 5-20 years |  | Over 20 years |  | Total
Pro rata operating expense reimbursements |  | $ | 769 |  |  | $ | 5,599 |  |  | $ | 48,277 |  |  | $ | 54,645 |

The Company evaluates its performance obligations each period and makes adjustments to reflect any known additions or cancellations. For the performance obligations which relate to variable consideration based on sales, the Company includes such revenue only to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal in the cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved.
NOTE 4. ACQUISITIONS
Since the adoption of ASU 2017-01, Clarifying the Definition of a Business, as of January 1, 2017, the Company's acquisitions of shopping center and other properties have been accounted for as acquisitions of assets. The Company includes the results of operations of real estate assets acquired in the consolidated statements of operations from the date of the related acquisition. The pro forma effect of these acquisitions was not material. The Company did not acquire any consolidated shopping center properties during the year ended December 31, 2016.
2018 Acquisition
In February 2018, the Company acquired the Westmoreland Mall Bon-Ton location for $3,250.
2017 Acquisitions
JG Gulf Coast LLC
In December 2017, the Company was assigned its partner's 50% interest in Gulf Coast Town Center - Phase III for no consideration. The unconsolidated affiliate was previously accounted for using the equity method of accounting (see Note 6). As of the December 31, 2017 assignment date, the wholly-owned joint venture was accounted for on a consolidated basis in the Company's operations. The Company recorded $2,818 of net assets at their carry-over basis, which included $4,118 related to a mortgage note payable to the Company. The Property was sold in March 2018. See Note 5 for more information.
Sears and Macy's stores
In January 2017, the Company acquired several Sears and Macy's stores, which included land, buildings and improvements, for future redevelopment at the related malls.
The Company purchased five Sears department stores and two Sears Auto Centers for $72,765 in cash, which included $265 of capitalized transaction costs. Sears continued to operate the department stores in 2017 under new ten-year leases for which the Company received aggregate annual base rent of $5,075. Annual base rent was to be reduced by 0.25% for the third through tenth years of the leases. Sears was responsible for paying CAM charges, taxes, insurance and utilities under the terms of the leases. The Company had the right to terminate each Sears lease at any time (except November 15 through January 15, in any given year), with six month's advance notice. With six month's advance notice, Sears had the right to terminate one lease after a four-year period and could terminate the four other leases after a two-year period.
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Of the five sale leasebacks described above, one of these locations closed in 2018. The Company terminated the Sears lease and began construction on the redevelopment of the former Sears store at Brookfield Square in 2018. Three other Sears stores also closed subsequent to December 31, 2018 leaving one remaining open Sears location of the five sale leasebacks. The Company expects to start construction on the redevelopment of the former Sears at Hamilton Place in spring 2019 and is in the planning stages for the redevelopment of the remaining locations. The leases on the Sears Auto Centers were subsequently terminated by the Company, in accordance with the terms of the Company's agreement with Sears, and the locations are currently under redevelopment.
The Company also acquired four Macy's stores in 2017 for $7,034 in cash, which included $34 of capitalized transaction costs. Three of these locations closed in March 2017, with two of these in redevelopment in 2018. The Company entered into a lease with Macy's at the fourth store under which Macy's will continue to operate the store through March 2019 for annual base rent and fixed CAM charges of $19 per year, subject to certain operating covenants. If Macy's ceases to operate at this location, the Company will be reimbursed for the pro rata portion of the amount paid for the operating covenant based on the remaining lease term.
The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the respective acquisition dates:

|  | Sears Stores |  | Macy's Stores |  | Total
Land |  | $ | 45,028 |  |  | $ | 4,635 |  |  | $ | 49,663 |
Building and improvements |  | 14,814 |  |  | 1,965 |  |  | 16,779 |
Tenant improvements |  | 4,234 |  |  | 377 |  |  | 4,611 |
Above-market leases |  | 681 |  |  | — |  |  | 681 |
In-place leases |  | 8,364 |  |  | 579 |  |  | 8,943 |
Total assets |  | 73,121 |  |  | 7,556 |  |  | 80,677 |
Below-market leases |  | (356 | ) |  | (522 | ) |  | (878 | )
Net assets acquired |  | $ | 72,765 |  |  | $ | 7,034 |  |  | $ | 79,799 |

NOTE 5. DISPOSITIONS AND HELD FOR SALE
The Company evaluates its disposals utilizing the guidance in ASU 2014-08, Reporting Discontinued Operations and Disclosures of Disposals of Components of an Entity. Based on its analysis, the Company determined that the dispositions described below do not meet the criteria for classification as discontinued operations and are not considered to be significant disposals based on its quantitative and qualitative evaluation. Thus, the results of operations of the shopping center Properties described below, as well as any related gain or impairment loss, are included in net income (loss) for all periods presented, as applicable.
2018 Dispositions
Net proceeds realized from the 2018 dispositions listed below were used to reduce the outstanding balances on the Company's credit facilities, unless otherwise noted. The following is a summary of the Company's 2018 dispositions:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Sales Price |  | Gain (Loss)
Sales Date |  | Property |  | Property Type |  | Location |  | Gross |  | Net |
March |  | Gulf Coast Town Center - Phase III |  | All Other |  | Ft. Myers, FL |  | $ | 9,000 |  |  | $ | 8,769 |  |  | $ | 2,236 |
July |  | Janesville Mall (1) |  | Mall |  | Janesville, WI |  | 18,000 |  |  | 17,783 |  |  | — |
August |  | Statesboro Crossing (2) |  | All Other |  | Statesboro, GA |  | 21,500 |  |  | 10,532 |  |  | 3,215 |
October |  | Parkway Plaza |  | All Other |  | Fort Oglethorpe, GA |  | 16,500 |  |  | 16,318 |  |  | 1,419 |
November |  | College Square (3) |  | Mall |  | Morristown, TN |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 742 |
Various |  | Prior Sales Adjustments |  | Mall / All Other |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (141 | )
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 65,000 |  |  | $ | 53,402 |  |  | $ | 7,471 |

(1) | The Company recognized a loss on impairment of $18,061 in 2018 when it adjusted the book value of the mall to its estimated fair value based upon a contract with a third party buyer, adjusted to reflect disposition costs. See Note 16.

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(2) | In conjunction with the sale of this 50/50 consolidated joint venture, the loan secured by the community center was retired. See Note 7 for more information. The Company received 100% of the net proceeds from the sale in accordance with the terms of the joint venture agreement.

(3) | The Company received additional consideration per the terms of the sales contract related to the completion of an outparcel construction project. See 2017 Dispositions below for discussion of the sale of College Square in 2017.

The Company also realized a gain of $11,530 primarily related to the sale of 12 outparcels and from several outparcels sold through eminent domain proceedings during the year ended December 31, 2018.
Subsequent to December 31, 2018, Acadiana Mall was transferred to the lender in exchange for the extinguishment of the non-recourse debt. See Note 20 for additional information.
2018 Held for Sale
Cary Towne Center was classified as held for sale at December 31, 2018 and the $30,971 on the consolidated balance sheet represents the Company's net investment in real estate assets at December 31, 2018, which approximates 0.6% of the Company's total assets as of December 31, 2018. A nonrecourse loan secured by Cary Towne Center with a principal balance of $43,716 as of December 31, 2018 is classified on the Company's consolidated balance sheet as liabilities related to assets held for sale.
Subsequent to December 31, 2018, the mall was sold. See Note 20 for additional information.
2017 Dispositions
Net proceeds realized from the 2017 dispositions were used to reduce the outstanding balances on the Company's credit facilities, unless otherwise noted. The following is a summary of the Company's 2017 dispositions by sale:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Sales Price |  | Gain
Sales Date |  | Property |  | Property Type |  | Location |  | Gross |  | Net |
January |  | One Oyster Point & Two Oyster Point (1) |  | All Other |  | Newport News, VA |  | $ | 6,250 |  |  | $ | 6,142 |  |  | $ | — |
April |  | The Outlet Shoppes at Oklahoma City (2) |  | Mall |  | Oklahoma City, OK |  | 130,000 |  |  | 55,368 |  |  | 75,434 |
May |  | College Square & Foothills Mall (3) |  | Mall |  | Morristown, TN / Maryville, TN |  | 53,500 |  |  | 50,566 |  |  | 546 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 189,750 |  |  | $ | 112,076 |  |  | $ | 75,980 |

(1) | See Note 16 for information on the impairment loss related to these Properties that was recognized in 2016.

(2) | In conjunction with the sale of this 75/25 consolidated joint venture, three loans secured by the mall were retired. See Note 7 for more information. The Company's share of the gain from the sale was approximately $48,800. In accordance with the joint venture agreement, the joint venture partner received a priority return of $7,477 from the proceeds of the sale.

(3) | The Company recognized a gain of $1,994 in the second quarter of 2017 upon the sale of the malls. This gain was partially reduced in the third quarter of 2017 due to construction costs of $1,448 not previously considered.

The Company also realized a gain of $17,812 primarily related to the sale of 12 outparcels during the year ended December 31, 2017.
The Company recognized a gain on extinguishment of debt for the Properties listed below, which represented the amount by which the outstanding debt balance exceeded the net book value of the Property as of the transfer date. The respective mortgage lender completed the foreclosure process and received title to the mall listed below in satisfaction of the non-recourse debt secured by the Property. See Note 7 for additional information. See Note 16 for information on previous impairment losses related to Midland Mall and Wausau Center.
The following is a summary of these 2017 dispositions:

Transfer Date |  | Property |  | Property Type |  | Location
January |  | Midland Mall |  | Mall |  | Midland, MI
June |  | Chesterfield Mall |  | Mall |  | Chesterfield, MO
August |  | Wausau Center |  | Mall |  | Wausau, WI

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2016 Dispositions
Net proceeds realized from the 2016 dispositions were used to reduce the outstanding balances on the Company's credit facilities. The following is a summary of the Company's 2016 dispositions:

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Sales Price |  | Gain
Sales Date |  | Property |  | Property Type |  | Location |  | Gross |  | Net |
March |  | River Ridge Mall (1) |  | Mall |  | Lynchburg, VA |  | $ | 33,500 |  |  | $ | 32,905 |  |  | $ | — |
April |  | The Crossings at Marshalls Creek |  | All Other |  | Middle Smithfield, PA |  | 23,650 |  |  | 21,791 |  |  | 3,239 |
May |  | Bonita Lakes Mall & Crossing (2) |  | Mall & All Other |  | Meridian, MS |  | 27,910 |  |  | 27,614 |  |  | 208 |
July |  | The Lakes Mall / Fashion Square (3) |  | Mall |  | Muskegon, MI Saginaw, MI |  | 66,500 |  |  | 65,514 |  |  | 273 |
September |  | Oak Branch Business Center (4) |  | All Other |  | Greensboro, NC |  | 2,400 |  |  | 2,148 |  |  | — |
December |  | Cobblestone Village at Palm Coast (5) |  | All Other |  | Palm Coast, FL |  | 8,500 |  |  | 8,106 |  |  | — |
December |  | Randolph Mall, Regency Mall & Walnut Square (6) |  | Mall |  | Asheboro, NC Racine, WI Dalton, GA |  | 32,250 |  |  | 31,453 |  |  | — |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 194,710 |  |  | $ | 189,531 |  |  | $ | 3,720 |

(1) | The Company sold a 75% interest in River Ridge Mall and recorded a loss on impairment of $9,510 to adjust the book value of the mall to its estimated net sales price based upon a signed contract with a third party buyer, adjusted to reflect estimated disposition costs. An additional loss on impairment of $84 was recognized in December 2016 to reflect actual closing costs. The Company retained a 25% ownership interest in the mall, which was included in investments in unconsolidated affiliates on the Company's consolidated balance sheet. The Company sold its remaining interest in 2017. See Note 6 for more information.

(2) | The Company recognized a loss on impairment of $5,323 in 2016 when it adjusted the book value of the Properties to their estimated fair value based upon a signed contract with a third party buyer, adjusted to reflect disposition costs.

(3) | The Company recognized a loss on impairment of $32,096 in 2016 when it adjusted the book value of the malls to their estimated fair value based upon a signed contract with a third party buyer, adjusted to reflect estimated disposition costs. A non-recourse loan secured by Fashion Square with a principal balance of $38,150 was assumed by the buyer in conjunction with the sale.

(4) | The Company recognized a loss on impairment of $122 in the third quarter of 2016 to adjust the book value of the Property to its estimated fair value based upon a signed contract with a third party buyer, adjusted to reflect estimated disposition costs. The loss on impairment was reduced by $22 in the fourth quarter of 2016 to reflect actual closing costs.

(5) | The Company recorded a loss on impairment of $6,298 to write down the Property to its estimated fair value in the third quarter of 2016 based upon a signed contract with a third party buyer, adjusted to reflect estimated disposition costs. An additional loss on impairment of $150 was recognized in December 2016 for an adjustment to the sales price when the sale closed in December 2016.

(6) | The Company recorded a loss on impairment in the third quarter of 2016 of $43,294 when it wrote down the book values of the three malls to their estimated fair value based upon a signed contract with a third party buyer, adjusted to reflect estimated disposition costs. The Company reduced the loss on impairment in the fourth quarter of 2016 by $150 to reflect actual closing costs.

The Company also realized a gain of $21,385 primarily related to the sale of 18 outparcels, $2,184 related to a parking deck project, $1,621 from a parcel project at The Outlet Shoppes at Atlanta and $657 in contingent consideration earned in 2016 related to the sale of EastGate Crossing.
See Note 16 for additional information related to the impairment losses described above.
NOTE 6. UNCONSOLIDATED AFFILIATES AND COST METHOD INVESTMENT
Unconsolidated Affiliates
Although the Company had majority ownership of certain joint ventures during 2018, 2017 and 2016, it evaluated the investments and concluded that the other partners or owners in these joint ventures had substantive participating rights, such as approvals of:

• | the pro forma for the development and construction of the project and any material deviations or modifications thereto;

• | the site plan and any material deviations or modifications thereto;

• | the conceptual design of the project and the initial plans and specifications for the project and any material deviations or modifications thereto;

• | any acquisition/construction loans or any permanent financings/refinancings;

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• | the annual operating budgets and any material deviations or modifications thereto;

• | the initial leasing plan and leasing parameters and any material deviations or modifications thereto; and

• | any material acquisitions or dispositions with respect to the project.

As a result of the joint control over these joint ventures, the Company accounts for these investments using the equity method of accounting.
At December 31, 2018, the Company had investments in 21 entities, which are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. The Company's ownership interest in these unconsolidated affiliates ranges from 10.0% to 65.0%. Of these entities, 15 are owned in 50/50 joint ventures.
2018 Activity - Unconsolidated Affiliates
Continental 425 Fund LLC
In December 2018, the Company contributed land valued at $6,000 and cash of $7 in exchange for a 43.5% interest in Continental 425 Fund LLC. The land contributed is adjacent to The Pavilion at Port Orange, a community center located in Port Orange, FL, and will be used in the development of an apartment complex. The unconsolidated affiliate is a variable interest entity.
G&I VIII CBL Triangle LLC
In September 2018, G&I VIII CBL Triangle LLC recognized an impairment of $89,826 to write down Triangle Town Center's net book value of $123,453 to its estimated fair value of approximately $33,600. Management determined the fair value using a discounted cash flow methodology. The discounted cash flow used assumptions including a holding period of 10 years, with a sale occurring at the end of the holding period, a capitalization rate of 15% and a discount rate of 15%. The mall has experienced declining tenant sales over the past few years and is facing challenges from store closures. The Company recorded $1,022 as its share of the loss on impairment recognized by the unconsolidated joint venture, which reduced the carrying value of the Company's investment in the joint venture to zero in the third quarter of 2018.
Self Storage at Mid Rivers, LLC
In April 2018, the Company entered into a 50/50 joint venture, Self Storage at Mid Rivers, LLC, to develop a self-storage facility adjacent to Mid Rivers Mall. The Company recorded a $387 gain related to land that it contributed to the joint venture. The unconsolidated affiliate is a variable interest entity. In conjunction with the formation of the joint venture, the unconsolidated affiliate closed on a construction loan. See details below under 2018 Financings.
2017 Activity - Unconsolidated Affiliates
River Ridge Mall JV, LLC
T he Company sold its 25% interest in River Ridge Mall JV, LLC ("River Ridge") to its joint venture partner for $9,000 in cash and the Company recorded a $5,843 loss on investment related to the sale of its interest and recorded an additional $354 loss on investment upon the sale closing in August 2017. The loss on investment is included in gain on investments in the consolidated statements of operations. The Company's property management agreement with River Ridge Mall JV, LLC ended September 30, 2017.
Shoppes at Eagle Point, LLC
The Company formed a 50/50 unconsolidated joint venture, Shoppes at Eagle Point, LLC, to develop, own and operate a community center located in Cookeville, TN. In the third quarter of 2017, the land was acquired and construction began. The community center opened in November 2018. The partners contributed aggregate initial equity of $1,031. See 2017 Financings below for information on a construction loan.
EastGate Storage, LLC
In November 2017, the Company entered into a 50/50 joint venture, EastGate Storage, LLC with an unaffiliated partner to develop a self-storage facility adjacent to EastGate Mall. The Company contributed land with a fair value of $1,134 and the partner is equalizing through cash contributions. In conjunction with the formation of the joint venture, the unconsolidated affiliate closed on a construction loan. See details below in 2017 Financings. The self-storage facility opened in September 2018.
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JG Gulf Coast Town Center LLC - Phase III
In December 2017, the Company entered into an assignment and assumption agreement with the Company's partner in the JG Gulf Coast Town Center LLC joint venture. Under the terms of the agreement, the Company was assigned the rights and assumed the obligations of its joint venture partner with respect to its 50% interest in Gulf Coast Town Center - Phase III, a community center located in Ft. Meyers, FL. See Note 4 for more information. The property was sold in March 2018. See Note 5 for details.
2016 Activity - Unconsolidated Affiliates
CBL-TRS Joint Venture, LLC
In December 2016, CBL-TRS Joint Venture, LLC, sold four office buildings, located in Greensboro, NC, for a gross sales price of $26,000 and net proceeds of approximately $25,406, of which $12,703 represented each partner's share. The unconsolidated affiliate recognized a gain on sale of real estate assets of $51, of which each partner's share was approximately $25. The Company's share of the gain is included in equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates in the consolidated statements of operations.
G&I VIII CBL Triangle LLC
In December 2016, G&I VIII CBL Triangle LLC, sold Triangle Town Place, an associated center located in Raleigh, NC, for a gross sales price of $30,250 and net proceeds of approximately $29,802. Net proceeds from the sale were used to retire the outstanding principal balance of the $29,342 loan secured by the Property. The unconsolidated affiliate recognized a gain on sale of real estate assets of $2,820, of which the Company's share was approximately $282 and the joint venture partner's share was $2,538. The Company's share of the gain is included in equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates in the consolidated statements of operations.
G&I VIII CBL Triangle LLC is a 10/90 joint venture, formed in the first quarter of 2016, between the Company and DRA Advisors, which acquired Triangle Town Center, Triangle Town Commons and Triangle Town Place from an existing 50/50 joint venture, Triangle Town Member LLC, between the Company and The R.E. Jacobs Group for $174,000, including the assumption of the $171,092 loan, of which each selling partner's share was $85,546 as of the closing date. Triangle Town Member LLC recognized a gain on sale of real estate assets of $80,979 in connection with the sale of its interests to G&I VIII CBL Triangle LLC. Concurrent with the formation of the new joint venture, the new entity closed on a modification and restructuring of the $171,092 loan, of which the Company's share was $17,109. The Company also made an equity contribution of $3,060 to the joint venture at closing. The Company continues to lease and manage the remaining Properties. The loan is in default as of December 31, 2018.
High Pointe Commons
In the third quarter of 2016, High Pointe Commons, LP and High Pointe Commons II-HAP, LP, two 50/50 subsidiaries of the Company, and their joint venture partner closed on the sale of High Pointe Commons, a community center located in Harrisburg, PA, for a gross sales price of $33,800 and net proceeds of $14,962, of which $7,481 represented each partner's share. The existing mortgages secured by the property, which had an aggregate balance of $17,388 at the time of closing, were paid off in conjunction with the sale. The unconsolidated affiliate recognized a gain on sale of real estate assets of $16,649, of which each partner's share was approximately $8,324. Additionally, the unconsolidated affiliates recorded a loss on extinguishment of debt of $393, of which each partner's share was approximately $197. The Company's share of the gain and share of the loss on extinguishment of debt is included in equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates in the consolidated statements of operations.
CBL-TRS Joint Venture II, LLC
In the second quarter of 2016, CBL-TRS Joint Venture II, LLC, sold Renaissance Center, a community center located in Durham, NC, for a gross sales price of $129,200 and net proceeds of $80,324, of which $40,162 represented each partner's share. In conjunction with the sale, the buyer assumed the $16,000 loan secured by the Property's second phase. The loan secured by the first phase, which had a principal balance of $31,484 as of closing, was retired. The unconsolidated affiliate recognized a gain on sale of real estate assets of $59,977, of which each partner's share was approximately $29,989. The Company's share of the gain is included in equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates in the consolidated statements of operations.
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JG Gulf Coast Town Center LLC - Phases I and II
In the second quarter of 2016, the foreclosure process was completed and the mortgage lender received title to the mall in satisfaction of the non-recourse mortgage loan secured by Phases I and II of Gulf Coast Town Center in Ft. Myers, FL. Gulf Coast Town Center generated insufficient cash flow to cover the debt service on the mortgage, which had a balance of $190,800 (of which the Company's 50% share was $95,400) and a contractual maturity date of July 2017. In the third quarter of 2015, the lender on the loan began receiving the net operating cash flows of the property each month in lieu of scheduled monthly mortgage payments. The joint venture recognized a gain on extinguishment of debt of $63,294 upon the disposition of Gulf Coast. The Company recognized a gain on the net investment in Gulf Coast of $29,267 upon the disposition of the Property, which is included in equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates in the consolidated statements of operations.
River Ridge Mall JV, LLC
In the first quarter of 2016, the Company entered into a 25/75 joint venture, River Ridge with an unaffiliated partner. The Company contributed River Ridge Mall, located in Lynchburg, VA, to River Ridge and the partner contributed $33,500 of cash and an anchor parcel at River Ridge Mall that it already owned having a value of $7,000. The $33,500 of cash was distributed to the Company and, after closing costs, $32,819 was used to reduce outstanding balances on its lines of credit. Following the initial formation, all required future contributions were funded on a pro rata basis.
The Company had accounted for the formation of River Ridge as the sale of a partial interest and recorded a loss on impairment of $9,594 in 2016, which included a reserve of $2,100 for future capital expenditures. See Note 5 and Note 16 for more information. The Company continued to manage and lease the ma ll until the sale of its 25% interest in the third quarter of 2017 as described above.
Condensed Combined Financial Statements - Unconsolidated Affiliates
Condensed combined financial statement information of the unconsolidated affiliates is as follows:

| December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
ASSETS: |  |  |
Investment in real estate assets | $ | 2,097,088 |  |  | $ | 2,089,262 |
Accumulated depreciation | (674,275 | ) |  | (618,922 | )
| 1,422,813 |  |  | 1,470,340 |
Developments in progress | 12,569 |  |  | 36,765 |
Net investment in real estate assets | 1,435,382 |  |  | 1,507,105 |
Other assets | 188,521 |  |  | 201,114 |
Total assets | $ | 1,623,903 |  |  | $ | 1,708,219 |
LIABILITIES: |  |  |
Mortgage and other indebtedness, net | $ | 1,319,949 |  |  | $ | 1,248,817 |
Other liabilities | 39,777 |  |  | 41,291 |
Total liabilities | 1,359,726 |  |  | 1,290,108 |
OWNERS' EQUITY: |  |  |
The Company | 191,050 |  |  | 216,292 |
Other investors | 73,127 |  |  | 201,819 |
Total owners' equity | 264,177 |  |  | 418,111 |
Total liabilities and owners’ equity | $ | 1,623,903 |  |  | $ | 1,708,219 |

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| Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Total revenues | $ | 225,073 |  |  | $ | 236,607 |  |  | $ | 250,361 |
Depreciation and amortization | (78,174 | ) |  | (80,102 | ) |  | (83,640 | )
Other operating expenses | (72,056 | ) |  | (71,293 | ) |  | (76,328 | )
Interest and other income | 1,415 |  |  | 1,671 |  |  | 1,352 |
Interest expense | (52,803 | ) |  | (51,843 | ) |  | (55,227 | )
Gain on extinguishment of debt | — |  |  | — |  |  | 62,901 |
Loss on impairment | (89,826 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Gain on sales of real estate assets | 3,056 |  |  | 555 |  |  | 160,977 |
Net income (loss) (1) | $ | (63,315 | ) |  | $ | 35,595 |  |  | $ | 260,396 |

(1) | The Company's pro rata share of net income is $14,677, $22,939 and $117,533 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and is included in equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates in the consolidated statements of operations.

Financings - Unconsolidated Affiliates
See Note 15 for a description of guarantees the Operating Partnership has issued related to the unconsolidated affiliates listed below.
2018 Financings
The Company's unconsolidated affiliates had the following loan activity in 2018:

Date |  | Property |  | Stated Interest Rate |  | Maturity Date (1) |  | Total Borrowing Capacity at 100%
April |  | CoolSprings Galleria (2) |  | 4.84% |  | May 2028 |  | $ | 155,000 |
April |  | Self-storage development - Mid Rivers Mall (3) |  | LIBOR + 2.75% |  | April 2023 |  | 5,987 |
May |  | Hammock Landing - Phase I |  | LIBOR + 2.25% |  | February 2021 (4) |  | 41,997 |
May |  | Hammock Landing - Phase II |  | LIBOR + 2.25% |  | February 2021 (4) |  | 16,217 |
May |  | The Pavilion at Port Orange |  | LIBOR + 2.25% |  | February 2021 (4) |  | 56,738 |

(1) | Excludes any extension options.

(2) | CBL/T-C, LLC, a 50/50 joint venture, closed on a non-recourse loan secured by CoolSprings Galleria. Proceeds from the loan were used to retire an existing $97,732 loan, which was due to mature in June 2018. See 2018 Loan Repayments below for more information. The Company's share of excess proceeds were used to reduce outstanding balances on its credit facilities.

(3) | Self Storage at Mid Rivers, LLC, a 50/50 joint venture, closed on a construction loan with a total borrowing capacity of up to $5,987 for the development of a climate controlled self-storage facility adjacent to Mid Rivers Mall in St. Peters, MO. The Operating Partnership has guaranteed 100% of the loan.

(4) | The loans were amended to extend the maturity date to February 2021. Each loan has two one-year extension options, available at the unconsolidated affiliate's election, for an outside maturity date of February 2023. The interest rate increased from a variable rate of LIBOR plus 2.0%. The Operating Partnership's guaranty also increased to 50%.

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2017 Financings
The Company's unconsolidated affiliates had the following loan activity in 2017:

Date |  | Property |  | Stated Interest Rate |  | Maturity Date (1) |  | Total Borrowing Capacity at 100%
August |  | Ambassador Town Center - Infrastructure Improvements (2) |  | LIBOR + 2.0% |  | August 2020 |  | $ | 11,035 |
October |  | The Shoppes at Eagle Point (3) |  | LIBOR + 2.75% |  | October 2020 |  | 36,400 |
December |  | Self-storage development - EastGate Mall (4) |  | LIBOR + 2.75% |  | December 2022 |  | 6,500 |

(1) | Excludes any extension options.

(2) | The loan was amended and modified to extend the maturity date. The Operating Partnership has guaranteed 100% of the loan. The unconsolidated affiliate has an interest rate swap on the notional amount of the loan, amortizing to $9,360 over the term of the swap, to effectively fix the interest rate to 3.74%.

(3) | Shoppes at Eagle Point, LLC closed on a construction loan for the development of The Shoppes at Eagle Point, a community center located in Cookeville, TN. The Operating Partnership has guaranteed 100% of the loan. The loan has one two-year extension option available at the unconsolidated affiliate's election, subject to compliance with the terms of the loan. Construction was completed in the fourth quarter of 2018. The interest rate will be reduced to a variable-rate of LIBOR plus 2.35% once certain debt and operational metrics are met.

(4) | EastGate Storage, LLC closed on a construction loan for the development of a climate controlled self-storage facility adjacent to EastGate Mall in Cincinnati, OH. The loan is interest only through November 2020. The Operating Partnership has guaranteed 100% of the loan.

2018 Loan Repayment
The loan, secured by the related unconsolidated Property, was retired in 2018:

Date |  | Property |  | Interest Rate at Repayment Date |  | Scheduled Maturity Date |  | Principal Balance Repaid
April |  | CoolSprings Galleria (1) |  | 6.98% |  | June 2018 |  | $ | 97,732 |

(1) | The loan secured by the Property was retired using a portion of the net proceeds from a $155,000 fixed-rate loan. See 2018 Financings above for more information.

2017 Loan Repayment
The loan, secured by the related unconsolidated Property, was retired in 2017:

Date |  | Property |  | Interest Rate at Repayment Date |  | Scheduled Maturity Date |  | Principal Balance Repaid
July |  | Gulf Coast Town Center - Phase III (1) |  | 3.13% |  | July 2017 |  | $ | 4,118 |

(1) | The Company loaned the unconsolidated affiliate, JG Gulf Coast Town Center, LLC, the amount necessary to retire the loan and received a mortgage note receivable in return. In December 2017, the Company's partner assigned its 50% interest in the Property to the Company. See Note 4 above for more information. This intercompany loan was eliminated in consolidation as of December 31, 2017 since the Property became wholly-owned by the Company.

Cost Method Investment
The Company owned a 6.2% noncontrolling interest in Jinsheng, an established mall operating and real estate development company located in Nanjing, China, which owned controlling interests in home furnishing shopping malls. In the fourth quarter of 2016, the Company received $15,538 from Jinsheng for the redemption of its interest that had a carrying value of $5,325 and recorded a gain on investment of $10,136. The Company had previously recorded an other-than-temporary impairment of $5,306 related to this investment in 2009 upon the decline of China's real estate market. The Company accounted for its noncontrolling interest in Jinsheng using the cost method because the Company did not exercise significant influence over Jinsheng and there was no readily determinable market value of Jinsheng’s shares since they are not publicly traded.
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NOTE 7. MORTGAGE AND OTHER INDEBTEDNESS, NET
Debt of the Company
CBL has no indebtedness. Either the Operating Partnership or one of its consolidated subsidiaries, that it has a direct or indirect ownership interest in, is the borrower on all of the Company's debt.
CBL is a limited guarantor of the Senior Unsecured Notes, as described below, for losses suffered solely by reason of fraud or willful misrepresentation by the Operating Partnership or its affiliates. The Company also provided a similar limited guarantee of the Operating Partnership's obligations with respect to its unsecured credit facilities and three unsecured term loans as of December 31, 2018.
Subsequent to December 31, 2018, the Company closed on a new secured credit facility that replaced its unsecured lines of credit and unsecured term loans. See Note 20 for additional information.
Debt of the Operating Partnership
Mortgage and other indebtedness consisted of the following:

| December 31, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
| Amount |  | Weighted-Average Interest Rate (1) |  | Amount |  | Weighted-Average Interest Rate (1)
Fixed-rate debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-recourse loans on operating Properties | $ | 1,783,097 |  |  | 5.33% |  | $ | 1,796,203 |  |  | 5.33%
Senior unsecured notes due 2023 (2) | 447,423 |  |  | 5.25% |  | 446,976 |  |  | 5.25%
Senior unsecured notes due 2024 (3) | 299,953 |  |  | 4.60% |  | 299,946 |  |  | 4.60%
Senior unsecured notes due 2026 (4) | 616,635 |  |  | 5.95% |  | 615,848 |  |  | 5.95%
Total fixed-rate debt | 3,147,108 |  |  | 5.37% |  | 3,158,973 |  |  | 5.37%
Variable-rate debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-recourse loans on operating Properties | — |  |  | —% |  | 10,836 |  |  | 3.37%
Recourse loans on operating Properties | 68,607 |  |  | 4.97% |  | 101,187 |  |  | 4.00%
Construction loan | 8,172 |  |  | 5.25% |  | — |  |  | —%
Unsecured lines of credit (5) | 183,972 |  |  | 3.90% |  | 93,787 |  |  | 2.56%
Unsecured term loans (5) | 695,000 |  |  | 4.21% |  | 885,000 |  |  | 2.81%
Total variable-rate debt | 955,751 |  |  | 4.21% |  | 1,090,810 |  |  | 2.90%
Total fixed-rate and variable-rate debt | 4,102,859 |  |  | 5.10% |  | 4,249,783 |  |  | 4.74%
Unamortized deferred financing costs | (15,963 | ) |  |  |  | (18,938 | ) |  |
Liabilities related to assets held for sale (6) | (43,716 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  |
Total mortgage and other indebtedness, net | $ | 4,043,180 |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,230,845 |  |  |

(1) | Weighted-average interest rate includes the effect of debt premiums and discounts, but excludes amortization of deferred financing costs.

(2) | The balance is net of an unamortized discount of $2,577 and $3,024, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

(3) | The balance is net of an unamortized discount of $47 and $54, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

(4) | The balance is net of an unamortized discount of $8,365 and $9,152 as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

(5) | The Company closed on a new secured credit facility subsequent to December 31, 2018 that replaced its unsecured lines of credit and unsecured term loans. See Note 20 for additional information.

(6) | Represents a non-recourse mortgage loan secured by Cary Towne Center that is classified on the consolidated balance sheet as liabilities related to assets held for sale. The mall was sold subsequent to December 31, 2018. See Note 20 for more information.

Non-recourse and recourse term loans include loans that are secured by Properties owned by the Company that have a net carrying value of $1,779,565 at December 31, 2018.
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Senior Unsecured Notes

Description |  | Issued (1) |  | Amount |  | Interest Rate (2) |  | Maturity Date (3)
2023 Notes |  | November 2013 |  | $ | 450,000 |  |  | 5.25% |  | December 2023
2024 Notes |  | October 2014 |  | 300,000 |  |  | 4.60% |  | October 2024
2026 Notes |  | December 2016 / September 2017 (4) |  | 625,000 |  |  | 5.95% |  | December 2026

(1) | Issued by the Operating Partnership. CBL is a limited guarantor of the Operating Partnership's obligations under the Notes as described above.

(2) | Interest is payable semiannually in arrears. The interest rate for the 2024 Notes and the 2023 Notes is subject to an increase ranging from 0.25% to 1.00% from time to time if, on or after January 1, 2016 and prior to January 1, 2020, the ratio of secured debt to total assets of the Company, as defined, is greater than 40% but less than 45%. The required ratio of secured debt to total assets for the 2026 Notes is 40% or less. As of December 31, 2018, this ratio was 24%.

(3) | The Notes are redeemable at the Operating Partnership's election, in whole or in part from time to time, on not less than 30 days and not more than 60 days' notice to the holders of the Notes to be redeemed. The 2026 Notes, the 2024 Notes and the 2023 Notes may be redeemed prior to September 15, 2026; July 15, 2024; and September 1, 2023, respectively, for cash at a redemption price equal to the aggregate principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but not including, the redemption date and a make-whole premium calculated in accordance with the indenture. On or after the redemption date, the Notes are redeemable for cash at a redemption price equal to the aggregate principal amount of the Notes to be redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest. If redeemed prior to the respective dates noted above, each issuance of Notes is redeemable at the treasury rate plus 0.50%, 0.35% and 0.40% for the 2026 Notes, the 2024 Notes and the 2023 Notes, respectively.

(4) | On September 1, 2017, the Operating Partnership issued and sold an additional $225,000 of the 2026 Notes. Interest was payable with respect to the additional issuance on December 15, 2017. After deducting underwriting discounts and other offering expenses of $1,879 and a discount of $3,938, the net proceeds from the sale were approximately $219,183. The Operating Partnership used the net proceeds to reduce amounts outstanding under its unsecured credit facilities and for general business purposes.

Unsecured Lines of Credit
The Company had three unsecured credit facilities that were used for retirement of secured loans, repayment of term loans, working capital, construction and acquisition purposes, and issuances of letters of credit.
Each facility bore interest at LIBOR plus a spread of 0.875% to 1.550% based on credit ratings for the Operating Partnership's senior unsecured long-term indebtedness. As of December 31, 2018, the Operating Partnership's interest rate based on the credit ratings of its unsecured long-term indebtedness of Ba1 from Moody's Investors Service ("Moody's"), BB+ from Standard & Poor's Rating Services ("S&P") and BB- from Fitch Ratings ("Fitch"), was LIBOR plus 1.550%.
Additionally, the Company paid an annual facility fee on the full commitment that ranged from 0.125% to 0.300%, based on the credit ratings described above. As of December 31, 2018, the annual facility fee was 0.30%. The three unsecured lines of credit had a weighted-average interest rate of 3.90% at December 31, 2018.
The following summarizes certain information about the Company's unsecured lines of credit as of December 31, 2018:

| Total Capacity |  | Total Outstanding |  | Maturity Date |  | Extended Maturity Date |
Wells Fargo - Facility A | $ | 500,000 |  | (1) | $ | — |  |  | October 2019 |  | October 2020 | (2)
First Tennessee | 100,000 |  | (3) | 51,896 |  |  | October 2019 |  | October 2020 | (4)
Wells Fargo - Facility B | 500,000 |  | (1) | 132,076 |  | (5) | October 2020 |  |  |
| $ | 1,100,000 |  |  | $ | 183,972 |  |  |  |  |  |

(1) | Up to $30,000 of the capacity on this facility could be used for letters of credit.

(2) | The extension option on the facility was at the Company's election, subject to continued compliance with the terms of the facility, and had a one-time extension fee of 0.15% of the commitment amount of the credit facility.

(3) | Up to $20,000 of the capacity on this facility could be used for letters of credit.

(4) | The extension option on the facility was at the Company's election, subject to continued compliance with the terms of the facility, and had a one-time extension fee of 0.20% of the commitment amount of the credit facility.

(5) | There was $4,833 outstanding on this facility as of December 31, 2018 for letters of credit.

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Subsequent to December 31, 2018, the unsecured lines of credit were replaced with a secured line of credit. See Note 20.
Unsecured Term Loans
The following summarizes certain information about the Company's unsecured term loans as of December 31, 2018:

| Total Outstanding |  | Interest Rate Spread |  | Interest Rate |  | Maturity Date |  | Extended Maturity Date |
Wells Fargo - $350,000 term loan | $ | 350,000 |  |  | LIBOR + 1.75% |  | 4.10% |  | October 2019 | (1) |  |
Wells Fargo - $300,000 term loan | 300,000 |  |  | LIBOR + 2.00% |  | 4.35% |  | July 2020 |  | July 2022 | (2)
First Tennessee - $45,000 term loan | 45,000 |  |  | LIBOR + 1.65% |  | 4.17% |  | June 2021 |  | June 2022 |
| $ | 695,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1) | In October 2018, the Company exercised its option to extend the maturity date to October 2019.

(2) | The loan had two one-year extension options, the second of which was at the lender's discretion.

Subsequent to December 31, 2018, the Company's unsecured term loans were replaced with a new secured term loan. See Note 20 for more information.
Fixed-Rate Debt
As of December 31, 2018, fixed-rate loans on operating Properties bear interest at stated rates ranging from 4.00% to 8.00%. Fixed-rate loans on operating Properties generally provide for monthly payments of principal and/or interest and mature at various dates through October 2028, with a weighted-average maturity of 3.0 years.
2018 Financings
The following table presents the fixed-rate loans secured by the related consolidated Properties that were entered into in 2018:

Date |  | Property |  | Stated Interest Rate |  | Maturity Date |  | Amount Financed or Extended
August |  | Hickory Point Mall (1) |  | 5.85% |  | December 2019 |  | $ | 27,446 |
September |  | The Outlet Shoppes at El Paso (2) |  | 5.10% |  | October 2028 |  | 75,000 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 102,446 |

(1) | The Company exercised the extension option under the mortgage loan.

(2) | The Company owns the property in a 75/25 consolidated joint venture. A portion of the proceeds from the non-recourse loan was used to retire a recourse loan secured by Phase II of The Outlet Shoppes at El Paso as described below.

Loan Repayments
The Company repaid the following fixed-rate loans, secured by the related consolidated Properties, in 2018 and 2017:

Date |  | Property |  | Interest Rate at Repayment Date |  | Scheduled Maturity Date |  | Principal Balance Repaid (1)
2018: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
January |  | Kirkwood Mall |  | 5.75% |  | April 2018 |  | $ | 37,295 |

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Date |  | Property |  | Interest Rate at Repayment Date |  | Scheduled Maturity Date |  | Principal Balance Repaid (1)
2017: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
January |  | The Plaza at Fayette |  | 5.67% |  | April 2017 |  | $ | 37,146 |
January |  | The Shoppes at St. Clair Square |  | 5.67% |  | April 2017 |  | 18,827 |
February |  | Hamilton Corner |  | 5.67% |  | April 2017 |  | 14,227 |
March |  | Layton Hills Mall |  | 5.66% |  | April 2017 |  | 89,526 |
April |  | The Outlet Shoppes at Oklahoma City (2) |  | 5.73% |  | January 2022 |  | 53,386 |
April |  | The Outlet Shoppes at Oklahoma City - Phase II (2) |  | 3.53% |  | April 2019 |  | 5,545 |
April |  | The Outlet Shoppes at Oklahoma City - Phase III (2) |  | 3.53% |  | April 2019 |  | 2,704 |
September |  | Hanes Mall (3) |  | 6.99% |  | October 2018 |  | 144,325 |
September |  | The Outlet Shoppes at El Paso |  | 7.06% |  | December 2017 |  | 61,561 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 427,247 |

(1) | The Company retired the loans with borrowings from its credit facilities unless otherwise noted.

(2) | The loan was retired in conjunction with the sale of the Property which secured the loan. The Company recorded an $8,500 loss on extinguishment of debt due to a prepayment fee on the early retirement. See Note 5 for more information.

(3) | The Company recorded a $371 loss on extinguishment of debt due to a prepayment fee on the early retirement.

The following is a summary of the Company's 2017 dispositions for which the title to the consolidated mall securing the related fixed-rate debt was transferred to the lender in satisfaction of the non-recourse debt:

Date |  | Property |  | Interest Rate at Repayment Date |  | Scheduled Maturity Date |  | Balance of Non-recourse Debt |  | Gain on Extinguishment of Debt
January |  | Midland Mall |  | 6.10% |  | August 2016 |  | $ | 31,953 |  |  | $ | 3,760 |
June |  | Chesterfield Mall |  | 5.74% |  | September 2016 |  | 140,000 |  |  | 29,187 |
August |  | Wausau Center |  | 5.85% |  | April 2021 |  | 17,689 |  |  | 6,851 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 189,642 |  |  | $ | 39,798 |

Other
On June 4, 2018, the $43,716 interest-only non-recourse loan that was secured by Cary Towne Center matured and was in default as of December 31, 2018. In August 2018, the Company and the lender executed a forbearance agreement. See Note 16 for more information on the loss and impairment of real estate that the Company recorded in June 2018. Subsequent to December 31, 2018, the mall was sold. See Note 20 for more information.
In conjunction with the divestiture of the Company's interests in a consolidated joint venture, the Company was relieved of its funding obligation related to the loan secured by vacant land owned by the joint venture, which had a principal balance of $2,466 upon the disposition of its interests in 2017. See Note 13 and Note 16 for more information.
Variable-Rate Debt
Term loans for the Company’s operating Properties bear interest at variable interest rates indexed to LIBOR. At December 31, 2018, interest rates on such variable-rate loans varied from 4.85% to 5.00%. These loans mature at various dates from May 2019 to July 2020, with a weighted-average maturity of 0.6 years, and have extension options of up to two years.
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2018 Loan Repayments
The Company repaid the following variable-rate loans, secured by the related consolidated properties in 2018:

Date |  | Property |  | Interest Rate at Repayment Date |  | Scheduled Maturity Date |  | Principal Balance Repaid (1)
August |  | Statesboro Crossing (2) |  | 4.24% |  | June 2019 |  | $ | 10,753 |
September |  | The Outlet Shoppes at El Paso - Phase II (3) |  | 4.73% |  | December 2018 |  | 6,525 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 17,278 |

(1) | The Company retired the loans with borrowings from its credit facilities unless otherwise noted.

(2) | The loan was retired in conjunction with the sale of the property that secured the loan. See Note 5 for more information.

(3) | The loan secured by the Property was retired when the joint venture closed on a new fixed-rate loan in September 2018 as described above.

2017 Financing
The following table presents the variable-rate loan, secured by the related consolidated Property, that was extended in 2017:

Date |  | Property |  | Stated Interest Rate |  | Maturity Date |  | Amount Extended
March |  | Statesboro Crossing (1) |  | LIBOR + 1.80% |  | June 2018 |  | $ | 10,930 |

(1) | The Company exercised the extension option under the mortgage loan. The loan was retired in conjunction with the sale of the property as described above.

2018 Construction Loan
Financing
The following table presents the construction loan, secured by the related consolidated Property, that was entered into in 2018:

Date |  | Property |  | Stated Interest Rate |  | Maturity Date |  | Total Borrowing Capacity
October |  | Brookfield Square Anchor Redevelopment |  | LIBOR + 2.9% |  | October 2021 | (1) | $ | 29,400 |

(1) | The loan has one 12-month extension option for an outside maturity date of October 2022.

Financial Covenants and Restrictions
The agreements for the unsecured lines of credit, the Notes and unsecured term loans contain, among other restrictions, certain financial covenants including the maintenance of certain financial coverage ratios, minimum unencumbered asset and interest ratios, maximum secured indebtedness ratios, maximum total indebtedness ratios and limitations on cash flow distributions. The agreements for the Notes described above contain default provisions customary for transactions of this nature (with applicable customary grace periods). Additionally, any default in the payment of any recourse indebtedness greater than or equal to $50,000 of the Operating Partnership will constitute an event of default under the Notes. The Company believes that it was in compliance with all financial covenants and restrictions at December 31, 2018.
Subsequent to December 31, 2018, the Company entered into a senior secured credit facility that replaced its unsecured lines of credit and unsecured term loans. The senior secured credit facility contains, among other restrictions, various restrictive covenants that are defined and computed on the same basis as the covenants required under the Notes. See Note 20 for more information on this financing.
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Other
Several of the Company’s Properties are owned by special purpose entities, created as a requirement under certain loan agreements that are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The sole business purpose of the special purpose entities is to own and operate these Properties. The real estate and other assets owned by these special purpose entities are restricted under the loan agreements in that they are not available to settle other debts of the Company. However, so long as the loans are not under an event of default, as defined in the loan agreements, the cash flows from these Properties, after payments of debt service, operating expenses and reserves, are available for distribution to the Company.
Scheduled Principal Payments
As of December 31, 2018, the scheduled principal amortization and balloon payments of the Company’s consolidated debt, excluding extensions available at the Company’s option, on all mortgage and other indebtedness, including construction loans and lines of credit, are as follows:

2019 | $ | 664,093 |
2020 | 640,330 |
2021 | 507,582 |
2022 | 432,638 |
2023 | 522,905 |
Thereafter | 1,182,824 |
| 3,950,372 |
Net unamortized discounts and premium | (10,989 | )
Unamortized deferred financing costs | (15,963 | )
Principal balance of loan secured by Lender Malls in foreclosure (1) | 163,476 |
Liabilities related to assets held for sale | (43,716 | )
Total mortgage and other indebtedness, net | $ | 4,043,180 |

(1) | Represents the aggregate principal balance as of December 31, 2018 of two non-recourse loans, secured by Acadiana Mall, which was in receivership, and Cary Towne Center, which was in default. The loan secured by Acadiana Mall and Cary Towne Center matured in April 2017 and June 2018, respectively. Subsequent to December 31, 2018, Acadiana Mall was transferred to the lender through a deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, and the lender received the sales proceeds from Cary Towne Center. See Note 20 for more information.

Of the $664,093 of scheduled principal payments in 2019, $220,031 relates to the maturing principal balances of six operating Property loans, $350,000 represented the principal balance of one unsecured term loan, $51,896 represented the principal balance of one unsecured line of credit and $42,166 relates to scheduled principal amortization. Of the 2019 maturities, one operating Property loan with a principal balance of $68,101 has a one-year extension option, one Operating Property loan with a principal balance of $54,550 has one two-year extension option and the $51,896 unsecured line of credit and $350,000 unsecured term loan were replaced with a secured line of credit and term loan subsequent to December 31, 2018 (see Note 20), leaving approximately $97,380 of loan maturities in 2019 that must be retired or refinanced.
Additionally, subject to the need to maintain compliance with all applicable debt covenants, the Operating Partnership, or any affiliate of the Operating Partnership, may at any time, or from time to time, repurchase outstanding Notes in the open market or otherwise. Such Notes may, at the option of the Operating Partnership or the relevant affiliate of the Operating Partnership, be held, resold or surrendered to the Trustee for cancellation.
NOTE 8. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY AND PARTNERS' CAPITAL
Common Stock and Common Units
The Company's authorized common stock consists of 350,000,000 shares at $0.01 par value per share. The Company had 172,656,458 and 171,088,778 shares of common stock issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Partners in the Operating Partnership hold their ownership through common and special common units of limited partnership interest, hereinafter referred to as "common units." A common unit and a share of CBL's common stock have essentially the same economic characteristics, as they effectively participate equally in the net income and
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distributions of the Operating Partnership, except for certain special common units as disclosed in Note 9. For each share of common stock issued by CBL, the Operating Partnership has issued a corresponding number of common units to CBL in exchange for the proceeds from the stock issuance. The Operating Partnership had 199,414,863 and 199,297,151 common units outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Each limited partner in the Operating Partnership has the right to exchange all or a portion of its common units for shares of CBL's common stock, or at the Company's election, their cash equivalent. When an exchange for common stock occurs, the Company assumes the limited partner's common units in the Operating Partnership. The number of shares of common stock received by a limited partner of the Operating Partnership upon exercise of its exchange rights will be equal, on a one-for-one basis, to the number of common units exchanged by the limited partner. If the Company elects to pay cash, the amount of cash paid by the Operating Partnership to redeem the limited partner's common units will be based on the five-day trailing average of the trading price, at the time of exchange, of the shares of common stock that would otherwise have been received by the limited partner in the exchange. Neither the common units nor the shares of CBL's common stock are subject to any right of mandatory redemption.
At-The-Market Equity Program
On March 1, 2013, the Company entered into the Sales Agreements (collectively, the "Sales Agreements") with a number of sales agents to sell shares of CBL's common stock, having an aggregate offering price of up to $300,000, from time to time in the ATM equity offerings (as defined in Rule 415 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended) or in negotiated transaction (the "ATM program"). In accordance with the Sales Agreements, the Company will set the parameters for the sales of shares, including the number of shares to be issued, the time period during which sales are to be made and any minimum price below which sales may not be made. The Sales Agreements provide that the sales agents will be entitled to compensation for their services at a mutually agreed commission rate not to exceed 2.0% of the gross proceeds from the sales of shares sold through the ATM program. For each share of common stock issued by CBL, the Operating Partnership issues a corresponding number of common units of limited partnership interest to CBL in exchange for the contribution of the proceeds from the stock issuance. The Company includes only share issuances that have settled in the calculation of shares outstanding at the end of each period.
Since inception, the Company has sold $211,493 shares of common stock through the ATM program, at a weighted-average sales price of $25.12, generating net proceeds of $209,596, which were used to reduce the balances on the Company's credit facilities. Since the commencement of the ATM program, the Company has issued 8,419,298 shares of common stock and approximately $88,507 remains available that may be sold under this program as of December 31, 2018. The Company has not sold any shares under the ATM program since 2013. Actual future sales under this program, if any, will depend on a variety of factors including but not limited to market conditions, the trading price of CBL's common stock and the Company's capital needs. The Company has no obligation to sell the remaining shares available under the ATM program.
Common Unit Activity
During 2018, the Operating Partnership elected to pay cash of $2,246 to two holders of 526,510 common units in the Operating Partnership upon the exercise of their conversion rights. The Company also issued 915,338 shares of common stock to a holder of 915,338 common units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership in connection with the exercise of the holder's contractual exchange rights.
During 2017, the Operating Partnership elected to pay cash of $656 to five holders of 84,014 common units in the Operating Partnership upon the exercise of their conversion rights.
During 2016, the Operating Partnership elected to pay cash of $11,754 to four holders of 964,796 common units in the Operating Partnership upon the exercise of their conversion rights.
Preferred Stock and Preferred Units
The Company's authorized preferred stock consists of 15,000,000 shares at $0.01 par value per share. A description of the Company's cumulative redeemable preferred stock is listed below. The Operating Partnership issues an equivalent number of preferred units to CBL in exchange for the contribution of the proceeds from CBL to the Operating Partnership when CBL issues preferred stock. The preferred units generally have the same terms and economic characteristics as the corresponding series of preferred stock.
The Company has 6,900,000 depositary shares, each representing 1/10 th of a share of CBL's 6.625% Series E Preferred Stock with a par value of $0.01 per share, outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and 2017. The Series E Preferred Stock has a liquidation preference of $250.00 per share ($25.00 per depositary share). The dividends on the Series E Preferred Stock are cumulative, accrue from the date of issuance and are payable quarterly in arrears at a rate
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of $16.5625 per share ($1.65625 per depositary share) per annum. The Series E Preferred Stock generally has no stated maturity, is not subject to any sinking fund or mandatory redemption, and is not convertible into any other securities of the Company, except under certain circumstances in connection with a change of control. Owners of the depositary shares representing Series E Preferred Stock generally have no voting rights except under dividend default. The Company may redeem shares, in whole or in part, at any time for a cash redemption price of $250.00 per share ($25.00 per depositary share) plus accrued and unpaid dividends.
The Company has 18,150,000 depositary shares, each representing 1/10 th of a share of CBL's 7.375% Series D Preferred Stock with a par value of $0.01 per share, outstanding as of December 31, 2018 and 2017. The Series D Preferred Stock has a liquidation preference of $250.00 per share ($25.00 per depositary share). The dividends on the Series D Preferred Stock are cumulative, accrue from the date of issuance and are payable quarterly in arrears at a rate of $18.4375 per share ($1.84375 per depositary share) per annum. The Series D Preferred Stock has no stated maturity, is not subject to any sinking fund or mandatory redemption, and is not convertible into any other securities of the Company. The Company may redeem shares, in whole or in part, at any time for a cash redemption price of $250.00 per share ($25.00 per depositary share) plus accrued and unpaid dividends.
Dividends - CBL
CBL paid first, second and third quarter 2018 cash dividends on its common stock of $0.200 per share on April 17 th, July 16 th and October 16 th 2018, respectively. On October 29, 2018, CBL's Board of Directors declared a fourth quarter cash dividend of $0.075 per share that was paid on January 16, 2019, to shareholders of record as of December 31, 2018. The dividend declared in the fourth quarter of 2018, totaling $12,949, is included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities at December 31, 2018. The total dividend included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities at December 31, 2017 was $34,217.
The allocations of dividends declared and paid for income tax purposes are as follows:

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |
Dividends declared: |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock | $ | 0.80 |  | (1) | $ | 0.98 |  | (2) | $ | 0.88 |  | (3)
Series D preferred stock | $ | 18.44 |  |  | $ | 18.44 |  |  | $ | 18.44 |  |
Series E preferred stock | $ | 16.56 |  |  | $ | 16.56 |  |  | $ | 16.56 |  |
Allocations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ordinary income | 82.83 | % |  | 85.37 | % |  | 100.00 | % |
Capital gains 25% rate | — | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |
Return of capital | 17.17 | % |  | 14.63 | % |  | — | % |
Total | 100.00 | % |  | 100.00 | % |  | 100.00 | % |
Preferred stock (4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ordinary income | 100.00 | % |  | 100.00 | % |  | 100.00 | % |
Capital gains 25% rate | — | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |
Total | 100.00 | % |  | 100.00 | % |  | 100.00 | % |

(1) | Of the $0.075 per share dividend declared on October 29, 2018 and paid January 16, 2019, $0.075 will be reported and is taxable in 2019.

(2) | Of the $0.200 per share dividend declared on November 2, 2017 and paid January 16, 2018, $0.200 will be reported and is taxable in 2018.

(3) | Of the $0.265 per share dividend declared on November 3, 2016 and paid January 16, 2017, $0.081 is taxable in 2016 and $0.184 per share will be reported and is taxable in 2017.

(4) | The allocations for income tax purposes are the same for each series of preferred stock for each period presented.

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Distributions - The Operating Partnership
The Operating Partnership paid first, second and third quarter 2018 cash distributions on its redeemable common units of $0.7322 per share on April 17 th, July 16 th and October 16 th 2018. The Operating partnership paid first quarter cash distributions on its common units of $0.2047 per share on April 17 th. The Operating Partnership paid second and third quarter cash distributions on its common units of $0.2048 per share on July 16 th and October 16 th 2018. On October 29, 2018, the Operating Partnership declared a fourth quarter cash distribution on its redeemable common units and common units of $0.7322 and $0.0808 per share, respectively, that was paid on January 16, 2019. The distribution declared in the fourth quarter of 2018, totaling $4,181, is included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities at December 31, 2018. The total distribution included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities at December 31, 2017 was $7,412.
NOTE 9. REDEEMABLE INTERESTS AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests and Noncontrolling Interests of the Company
Partnership Interests in the Operating Partnership that Are Not Owned by the Company
The common units that the Company does not own are reflected in the Company's consolidated balance sheets as redeemable noncontrolling interest and noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership.
Series S Special Common Units
Redeemable noncontrolling interest includes a noncontrolling partnership interest in the Operating Partnership for which the partnership agreement includes redemption provisions that may require the Operating Partnership to redeem the partnership interest for real property. In July 2004, the Operating Partnership issued 1,560,940 Series S special common units (“S-SCUs”), all of which are outstanding as of December 31, 2018, in connection with the acquisition of Monroeville Mall. Under the terms of the Operating Partnership’s limited partnership agreement, the holder of the S-SCUs has the right to exchange all or a portion of its partnership interest for shares of the Company’s common stock or, at the Company’s election, their cash equivalent. The holder has the additional right to require the Operating Partnership to acquire a qualifying property and distribute it to the holder in exchange for the S-SCUs. Generally, the acquisition price of the qualifying property cannot be more than the lesser of the consideration that would be received in a normal exchange, as discussed above, or $20,000, subject to certain limited exceptions. Should the consideration that would be received in a normal exchange exceed the maximum property acquisition price as described in the preceding sentence, the excess portion of its partnership interest could be exchanged for shares of CBL's stock or, at the Company’s election, their cash equivalent. The S-SCUs receive a minimum distribution of $2.92875 per unit per year.
Series L Special Common Units
In June 2005, the Operating Partnership issued 571,700 Series L special common units ("L-SCUs"), all of which are outstanding as of December 31, 2018, in connection with the acquisition of Laurel Park Place. The L-SCUs receive a minimum distribution of $0.7572 per unit per quarter ($3.0288 per unit per year). Upon the earlier to occur of June 1, 2020, or when the distribution on the common units exceeds $0.7572 per unit for four consecutive calendar quarters, the L-SCUs will thereafter receive a distribution equal to the amount paid on the common units. In December 2012, the Operating Partnership issued 622,278 common units valued at $14,000 to acquire the remaining 30% noncontrolling interest in Laurel Park Place.
Series K Special Common Units
In November 2005, the Operating Partnership issued 1,144,924 Series K special common units ("K-SCUs") in connection with the acquisition of Oak Park Mall, Eastland Mall and Hickory Point Mall. The holders of the K-SCUs receive a dividend at a rate of 6.25%, or $2.96875 per K-SCU. When the quarterly distribution on the Operating Partnership’s common units exceeds the quarterly K-SCU distribution for four consecutive quarters, the K-SCUs will receive distributions at the rate equal to that paid on the Operating Partnership’s common units. The holders of the K-SCUs may exchange them, on a one-for-one basis, for shares of CBL’s common stock or, at the Company’s election, their cash equivalent.
In December 2018, the Operating Partnership elected to pay $21 in cash to a holder of 8,120 K-SCUs upon the exercise of the holder's conversion rights.
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Outstanding rights to convert redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership to common stock were held by the following parties at December 31, 2018 and 2017:

| December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
CBL’s Predecessor | 18,117,350 |  |  | 18,172,690 |
Third parties | 8,641,055 |  |  | 10,035,683 |
| 26,758,405 |  |  | 28,208,373 |

The assets and liabilities allocated to the Operating Partnership’s redeemable noncontrolling interest and noncontrolling interests are based on their ownership percentages of the Operating Partnership at December 31, 2018 and 2017. The ownership percentages are determined by dividing the number of common units held by each of the redeemable noncontrolling interest and the noncontrolling interests at December 31, 2018 and 2017 by the total common units outstanding at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The redeemable noncontrolling interest ownership percentage in assets and liabilities of the Operating Partnership was 0.8% at December 31, 2018 and 2017. The noncontrolling interest ownership percentage in assets and liabilities of the Operating Partnership was 12.6% and 13.4% at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Income is allocated to the Operating Partnership’s redeemable noncontrolling interest and noncontrolling interests based on their weighted-average ownership during the year. The ownership percentages are determined by dividing the weighted-average number of common units held by each of the redeemable noncontrolling interest and noncontrolling interests by the total weighted-average number of common units outstanding during the year.
A change in the number of shares of common stock or common units changes the percentage ownership of all partners of the Operating Partnership. A common unit is considered to be equivalent to a share of common stock since it generally is exchangeable for shares of the Company’s common stock or, at the Company’s election, their cash equivalent. As a result, an allocation is made between redeemable noncontrolling interests, shareholders’ equity and noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership in the Company's accompanying balance sheets to reflect the change in ownership of the Operating Partnership’s underlying equity when there is a change in the number of shares and/or common units outstanding. During 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company allocated $4,065, $3,049 and $2,454, respectively, from shareholders’ equity to redeemable noncontrolling interest. During 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company allocated $13,642, $4,290 and $13,625, respectively, from shareholders' equity to noncontrolling interest.
The total redeemable noncontrolling interest in the Operating Partnership was $3,575 and $8,835 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The total noncontrolling interest in the Operating Partnership was $55,917 and $86,773 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests and Noncontrolling Interests in Other Consolidated Subsidiaries
Redeemable noncontrolling interests included the aggregate noncontrolling ownership interest in four of the Company’s other consolidated subsidiaries held by third parties which were redeemed in the fourth quarter of 2016 for $3,800, which was comprised of $300 in cash and a $3,500 promissory note. See Note 11 for additional information on the note. The Company recognized a net loss of $2,602 on the disposal of its interests. The loss is included in gain on investments in the consolidated statements of operations.
The Company had 19 and 22 other consolidated subsidiaries at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, that had noncontrolling interests held by third parties and for which the related partnership agreements either do not include redemption provisions or are subject to redemption provisions that do not require classification outside of permanent equity. The total noncontrolling interests in other consolidated subsidiaries were $12,111 and $9,701 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
The assets and liabilities allocated to the redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests in other consolidated subsidiaries are based on the third parties’ ownership percentages in each subsidiary at December 31, 2018 and 2017. Income is allocated to the redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests in other consolidated subsidiaries based on the third parties’ weighted-average ownership in each subsidiary during the year.
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Redeemable Interests and Noncontrolling Interests of the Operating Partnership
The S-SCUs described above that are reflected as redeemable noncontrolling interests in the Company's consolidated balance sheets are reflected as redeemable common units in the Operating Partnership's consolidated balance sheets.
The noncontrolling interests in other consolidated subsidiaries that are held by third parties that are reflected as a component of noncontrolling interests in the Company's consolidated balance sheets comprise the entire amount that is reflected as noncontrolling interests in the Operating Partnership's consolidated balance sheets.
Variable Interest Entities
In accordance with the guidance in ASU 2015-02, Amendments to the Consolidation Analysis, and ASU 2016-17, Interests Held Through Related Parties That Are under Common Control, the Operating Partnership and certain of its subsidiaries are deemed to have the characteristics of a VIE primarily because the limited partners of these entities do not collectively possess substantive kick-out or participating rights. The Company adopted ASU 2015-02 as of January 1, 2016 and ASU 2016-17 was adopted as of January 1, 2017 on a modified retrospective basis. The adoption of ASU 2016-17 did not change any of the Company's consolidation conclusions made under ASU 2015-02 and did not change amounts within the consolidated financial statements.
The Company consolidates the Operating Partnership, which is a VIE, for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. The Company, through the Operating Partnership, consolidates all VIEs for which it is the primary beneficiary. Generally, a VIE is a legal entity in which the equity investors do not have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest or the equity investors lack sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support. A limited partnership is considered a VIE when the majority of the limited partners unrelated to the general partner possess neither the right to remove the general partner without cause, nor certain rights to participate in the decisions that most significantly affect the financial results of the partnership. In determining whether the Company is the primary beneficiary of a VIE, the Company considers qualitative and quantitative factors, including, but not limited to: which activities most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and which party controls such activities; the amount and characteristics of the Company's investment; the obligation or likelihood for the Company or other investors to provide financial support; and the similarity with and significance to the Company's business activities and the business activities of the other investors.
The table below lists the Company's consolidated VIEs as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, which do not reflect the elimination of any internal debt the consolidated VIE has with the Operating Partnership:

| As of December 31, |
| 2018 |  | 2017 |
| Assets |  | Liabilities |  | Assets |  | Liabilities |
Consolidated VIEs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Atlanta Outlet Outparcels, LLC | $ | 868 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 878 |  |  | $ | — |  |
Atlanta Outlet JV, LLC | 56,537 |  |  | 78,356 |  | (1) | 60,476 |  |  | 79,769 |  |
CBL Terrace LP | 15,531 |  |  | 12,987 |  |  | 16,472 |  |  | 13,313 |  |
El Paso Outlet Center Holding, LLC | 98,307 |  |  | 78,210 |  |  | 93,139 |  |  | 65,149 |  |
El Paso Outlet Center II, LLC | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,512 |  |  | 6,955 |  |
Gettysburg Outlet Center Holding, LLC | 34,857 |  |  | 38,835 |  |  | 36,386 |  |  | 39,049 |  |
Gettysburg Outlet Center, LLC | 7,871 |  |  | 140 |  |  | 7,218 |  |  | 74 |  |
High Point Development LP II | 1,062 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 1,084 |  |  | 69 |  |
Jarnigan Road LP | 17,992 |  |  | 1,071 |  |  | 41,671 |  |  | 20,229 |  |
Jarnigan Road II, LLC | 23,789 |  |  | 18,444 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Laredo Outlet JV, LLC | 106,817 |  |  | 57,614 |  | (2) | 110,174 |  |  | 81,618 |  |
Lebcon Associates | 68,868 |  |  | 121,670 |  |  | 59,375 |  |  | 120,879 |  |
Lebcon I, Ltd | 8,621 |  |  | 9,239 |  |  | 9,034 |  |  | 9,463 |  |
Lee Partners | 784 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,011 |  |  | — |  |
Louisville Outlet Outparcels, LLC | 174 |  |  | — |  |  | 74 |  |  | — |  |
Louisville Outlet Shoppes, LLC | 69,182 |  |  | 81,713 |  | (3) | 73,173 |  |  | 83,543 |  |

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| As of December 31, |
| 2018 |  | 2017 |
| Assets |  | Liabilities |  | Assets |  | Liabilities |
Madison Grandview Forum, LLC | 31,739 |  |  | 13,346 |  |  | 32,692 |  |  | 13,198 |  |
The Promenade at D'Iberville | 78,979 |  |  | 49,383 |  |  | 81,500 |  |  | 46,568 |  |
Statesboro Crossing, LLC | 623 |  |  | 616 |  |  | 18,403 |  |  | 10,988 |  |
| $ | 622,613 |  |  | $ | 561,700 |  |  | $ | 651,272 |  |  | $ | 590,864 |  |

(1) | Of this total, $4,575 related to The Outlet Shoppes at Atlanta - Phase II, is guaranteed by the Operating Partnership.

(2) | Of this total, $54,550 related to The Outlet Shoppes at Laredo, is guaranteed by the Operating Partnership.

(3) | Of this total, $9,482 relates to The Outlet Shoppes of the Bluegrass - Phase II, is guaranteed by the Operating Partnership.

The table below lists the Company's unconsolidated VIEs as of December 31, 2018:

Unconsolidated VIEs: |  | Investment in Real Estate Joint Ventures and Partnerships |  | Maximum Risk of Loss |
Ambassador Infrastructure, LLC |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10,605 |  | (1)
Continental 425 Fund LLC (2) |  | 7,250 |  |  | — |  |
EastGate Storage, LLC |  | 1,142 |  |  | 6,500 |  | (1)
G&I VIII CBL Triangle LLC (3) |  | — |  |  | — |  |
Self Storage at Mid Rivers, LLC (2) |  | 1,084 |  |  | 5,987 |  | (1)
Shoppes at Eagle Point, LLC |  | 18,143 |  |  | 36,400 |  | (1)
|  | $ | 27,619 |  |  | $ | 59,492 |  |

(1) | See Note 15 for information on guarantees of debt.

(2) | See Note 6 for more information on this new unconsolidated affiliate.

(3) | In conjunction with a loss on impairment recorded in September 2018, as described above, the Company wrote down its investment in the unconsolidated 90/10 joint venture to zero. The maximum risk of loss is limited to the basis, which is zero. See Note 6 for more information.

NOTE 10. MINIMUM RENTS
The Company receives rental income by leasing retail shopping center space under operating leases. Future minimum rents are scheduled to be received under non-cancellable tenant leases at December 31, 2018, as follows:

2019 | $ | 497,014 |
2020 | 426,228 |
2021 | 363,482 |
2022 | 294,441 |
2023 | 234,191 |
Thereafter | 531,792 |
| $ | 2,347,148 |

Future minimum rents do not include percentage rents or tenant reimbursements that may become due.
NOTE 11. MORTGAGE AND OTHER NOTES RECEIVABLE
Each of the Company's mortgage notes receivable is collateralized by either a first mortgage, a second mortgage or by an assignment of 100% of the partnership interests that own the real estate assets. Other notes receivable include amounts due from tenants or government sponsored districts and unsecured notes received from third parties as whole or partial consideration for property or investments. The Company reviews its mortgage and other notes receivable to determine if the balances are realizable based on factors affecting the collectability of those balances. Factors may include credit quality, timeliness of required periodic payments, past due status and management discussions with obligors.
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Mortgage and other notes receivable consist of the following:

|  |  |  | As of December 31, 2018 |  | As of December 31, 2017
|  | Maturity Date |  | Interest Rate |  | Balance |  | Interest Rate |  | Balance
Mortgages: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Columbia Place Outparcel |  | Feb 2022 |  | 5.00% |  | $ | 283 |  |  | 5.00% |  | $ | 302 |
One Park Place |  | May 2022 |  | 5.00% |  | 783 |  |  | 5.00% |  | 1,010 |
Village Square (1) |  | Dec 2018 |  | 4.00% |  | 1,308 |  |  | 4.00% |  | 1,596 |
Other (2) |  | Dec 2016 - Jan 2047 |  | 5.01% - 9.50% |  | 2,510 |  |  | 4.07% - 9.50% |  | 2,510 |
|  |  |  |  |  | 4,884 |  |  |  |  | 5,418 |
Other Notes Receivable: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
ERMC |  | Sep 2021 |  | 4.00% |  | 2,183 |  |  | 4.00% |  | 2,855 |
Southwest Theaters LLC |  | Apr 2026 |  | 5.00% |  | 605 |  |  | 5.00% |  | 672 |
|  |  |  |  |  | 2,788 |  |  |  |  | 3,527 |
|  |  |  |  |  | $ | 7,672 |  |  |  |  | $ | 8,945 |

(1) | The note was amended to extend the maturity date and restructure the monthly payment amount subsequent to December 31, 2018. See Note 20 for more information.

(2) | Included in the Other balance above, the $1,100 note for The Promenade at D'Iberville with a maturity date of December 2016 is in default.

NOTE 12. SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company measures performance and allocates resources according to property type, which is determined based on certain criteria such as type of tenants, capital requirements, economic risks, leasing terms, and short- and long-term returns on capital. Rental income and tenant reimbursements from tenant leases provide the majority of revenues from all segments. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in Note 2.
The Company's segment information for the year ended December 31, 2016 has been retrospectively revised from previously reported amounts to reflect a change in our reportable segments, which occurred during 2017. The Company no longer separately presents quantitatively and qualitatively insignificant reportable segments. Information on the Company’s reportable segments is presented as follows:

Year Ended December 31, 2018 |  | Malls |  | All Other (1) |  | Total
Revenues |  | $ | 783,194 |  |  | $ | 75,363 |  |  | $ | 858,557 |
Property operating expenses (2) |  | (236,807 | ) |  | (15,805 | ) |  | (252,612 | )
Interest expense |  | (103,162 | ) |  | (116,876 | ) |  | (220,038 | )
Other expense |  | (85 | ) |  | (702 | ) |  | (787 | )
Gain on sales of real estate assets |  | 799 |  |  | 18,202 |  |  | 19,001 |
Segment profit (loss) |  | $ | 443,939 |  |  | $ | (39,818 | ) |  | 404,121 |
Depreciation and amortization expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (285,401 | )
General and administrative expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (61,506 | )
Interest and other income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,858 |
Loss on impairment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (174,529 | )
Income tax benefit |  |  |  |  |  | 1,551 |
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14,677 |
Net loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (99,229 | )
Total assets |  | $ | 4,868,141 |  |  | $ | 472,712 |  |  | $ | 5,340,853 |
Capital expenditures (3) |  | $ | 132,187 |  |  | $ | 12,772 |  |  | $ | 144,959 |

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Year Ended December 31, 2017 |  | Malls |  | All Other (1) |  | Total
Revenues |  | $ | 847,979 |  |  | $ | 79,273 |  |  | $ | 927,252 |
Property operating expenses (2) |  | (244,282 | ) |  | (16,271 | ) |  | (260,553 | )
Interest expense |  | (120,414 | ) |  | (98,266 | ) |  | (218,680 | )
Other expense |  | — |  |  | (5,180 | ) |  | (5,180 | )
Gain on sales of real estate assets |  | 75,980 |  |  | 17,812 |  |  | 93,792 |
Segment profit (loss) |  | $ | 559,263 |  |  | $ | (22,632 | ) |  | 536,631 |
Depreciation and amortization expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (299,090 | )
General and administrative expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (58,466 | )
Interest and other income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,706 |
Gain on extinguishment of debt |  |  |  |  |  | 30,927 |
Loss on impairment |  |  |  |  |  | (71,401 | )
Loss on investment |  |  |  |  |  | (6,197 | )
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates |  |  |  |  |  |  | 22,939 |
Net Income before income tax benefit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 157,049 |
Total assets |  | $ | 5,152,789 |  |  | $ | 552,019 |  |  | $ | 5,704,808 |
Capital expenditures (3) |  | $ | 174,327 |  |  | $ | 8,790 |  |  | $ | 183,117 |

Year Ended December 31, 2016 |  | Malls |  | All Other (1) |  | Total
Revenues |  | $ | 928,214 |  |  | $ | 100,043 |  |  | $ | 1,028,257 |
Property operating expenses (2) |  | (268,898 | ) |  | (12,558 | ) |  | (281,456 | )
Interest expense |  | (143,903 | ) |  | (72,415 | ) |  | (216,318 | )
Other expense |  | — |  |  | (20,326 | ) |  | (20,326 | )
Gain on sales of real estate assets |  | 481 |  |  | 29,086 |  |  | 29,567 |
Segment profit |  | $ | 515,894 |  |  | $ | 23,830 |  |  | 539,724 |
Depreciation and amortization expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (292,693 | )
General and administrative expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (63,332 | )
Interest and other income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,524 |
Loss on impairment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (116,822 | )
Gain on investment |  |  |  |  |  | 7,534 |
Income tax benefit |  |  |  |  |  | 2,063 |
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates |  |  |  |  |  |  | 117,533 |
Net Income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 195,531 |
Total assets |  | $ | 5,383,937 |  |  | $ | 720,703 |  |  | $ | 6,104,640 |
Capital expenditures (3) |  | $ | 165,230 |  |  | $ | 102,573 |  |  | $ | 267,803 |

(1) | The All Other category includes associated centers, community centers, mortgage and other notes receivable, office buildings, the Management Company and, prior to the redemption of the Company's redeemable noncontrolling interests during the fourth quarter of 2016, the Company’s former consolidated subsidiary that provided security and maintenance services to third parties (see Note 9). Management, development and leasing fees are included in the All Other category.

(2) | Property operating expenses include property operating, real estate taxes and maintenance and repairs.

(3) | Amounts include acquisitions of real estate assets and investments in unconsolidated affiliates. Developments in progress are included in the All Other category.

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NOTE 13. SUPPLEMENTAL AND NONCASH INFORMATION
The Company paid cash for interest, net of amounts capitalized, in the amount of $205,029, $220,099 and $209,566 during 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
The Company’s noncash investing and financing activities for 2018, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:

| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Accrued dividends and distributions payable | $ | 17,130 |  |  | $ | 41,628 |  |  | $ | 54,313 |
Additions to real estate assets accrued but not yet paid | 22,791 |  |  | 5,490 |  |  | 24,881 |
Transfer of real estate assets in settlement of mortgage debt obligations: (1) |  |  |  |  |
Decrease in real estate assets | — |  |  | (149,722 | ) |  | — |
Decrease in mortgage and other indebtedness | — |  |  | 181,992 |  |  | — |
Decrease in operating assets and liabilities | — |  |  | 10,744 |  |  | — |
Decrease in intangible lease and other assets | — |  |  | (3,216 | ) |  | — |
Discount on issuance of 5.95% Senior Notes due 2026 (2) | — |  |  | 3,938 |  |  | 5,740 |
Conversion of Operating Partnership units to common stock (3) | 3,059 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consolidation of joint venture: (4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Decrease in investment in unconsolidated affiliates | — |  |  | (2,818 | ) |  | — |
Increase in real estate assets | — |  |  | 7,463 |  |  | — |
Increase in intangible lease and other assets | — |  |  | 120 |  |  | — |
Decrease in mortgage notes receivable | — |  |  | (4,118 | ) |  | — |
Decrease in operating assets and liabilities | — |  |  | (647 | ) |  | — |
Deconsolidation upon formation or assignment of interests in joint ventures: (5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Decrease in real estate assets | (8,221 | ) |  | (9,363 | ) |  | (14,025 | )
Decrease in mortgage and other indebtedness | — |  |  | 2,466 |  |  | — |
Increase in investment in unconsolidated affiliates | 8,174 |  |  | 232 |  |  | 14,030 |
Increase (decrease) in operating assets and liabilities | — |  |  | 1,286 |  |  | (5 | )
Decrease in noncontrolling interest and joint venture interest | — |  |  | 2,232 |  |  | — |
Capital contribution of note receivable to joint venture | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,280 |
Capital contribution from noncontrolling interest to joint venture | — |  |  | — |  |  | 155 |
Write-off of notes receivable | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,846 |
Mortgage debt assumed by buyer of real estate assets | — |  |  | — |  |  | 38,150 |

(1) | See Note 5 and Note 7 for more information.

(2) | See Note 7 for more information.

(3) | See Note 6 for more information.

(4) | See Note 5 and Note 6 for more information.

(5) | See Note 6 and Note 16 for more information.

NOTE 14. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The Management Company provides management, development and leasing services to the Company’s unconsolidated affiliates and other affiliated partnerships. Revenues recognized for these services amounted to $7,607, $7,598 and $9,144 in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
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NOTE 15. CONTINGENCIES
Litigation
On March 16, 2016, Wave Lengths Hair Salons of Florida, Inc. d/b/a Salon Adrian filed a putative class action in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida (the “Court”) for unspecified monetary damages as well as costs and attorneys’ fees, based on allegations that the Company and certain affiliated entities overcharged tenants at bulk metered malls for electricity. On January 7, 2019, the Court partially granted the plaintiff’s motion for class certification of a nationwide RICO class and a Florida RICO and FDUTPA class. We believe this lawsuit is without merit and are defending ourselves vigorously. On January 22, 2019, we filed a petition seeking interlocutory review of the Court's class certification order; that petition is still pending as of the date of this report. On January 23, 2019, the Court set this matter for the trial term starting on April 1, 2019. We have not recorded an accrual relating to this matter at this time as a loss has not been determined to be probable. Further, we do not have sufficient information to reasonably estimate the amount or range of reasonably possible loss at this time. However, litigation is uncertain and an adverse judgment in this case could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. This matter is not covered by insurance.
The Company is currently involved in certain other litigation that arises in the ordinary course of business, most of which is expected to be covered by liability insurance. Management makes assumptions and estimates concerning the likelihood and amount of any potential loss relating to these matters using the latest information available. The Company records a liability for litigation if an unfavorable outcome is probable and the amount of loss or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. If an unfavorable outcome is probable and a reasonable estimate of the loss is a range, the Company accrues the best estimate within the range. If no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, the Company accrues the minimum amount within the range. If an unfavorable outcome is probable but the amount of the loss cannot be reasonably estimated, the Company discloses the nature of the litigation and indicates that an estimate of the loss or range of loss cannot be made. If an unfavorable outcome is reasonably possible and the estimated loss is material, the Company discloses the nature and estimate of the possible loss of the litigation. Based on current expectations, such matters, both individually and in the aggregate, are not expected to have a material adverse effect on the liquidity, results of operations, business or financial condition of the Company.
Environmental Contingencies
The Company evaluates potential loss contingencies related to environmental matters using the same criteria described above related to litigation matters. Based on current information, an unfavorable outcome concerning such environmental matters, both individually and in the aggregate, is considered to be reasonably possible. However, the Company believes its maximum potential exposure to loss would not be material to its results of operations or financial condition. The Company has a master insurance policy that provides coverage through 2022 for certain environmental claims up to $10,000 per occurrence and up to $50,000 in the aggregate, subject to deductibles and certain exclusions.
Guarantees
The Operating Partnership may guarantee the debt of a joint venture primarily because it allows the joint venture to obtain funding at a lower cost than could be obtained otherwise. This results in a higher return for the joint venture on its investment, and a higher return on the Operating Partnership's investment in the joint venture. The Operating Partnership may receive a fee from the joint venture for providing the guaranty. Additionally, when the Operating Partnership issues a guaranty, the terms of the joint venture agreement typically provide that the Operating Partnership may receive indemnification from the joint venture or have the ability to increase its ownership interest. The guarantees expire upon repayment of the debt, unless noted otherwise.
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The following table represents the Operating Partnership's guarantees of unconsolidated affiliates' debt as reflected in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:

|  | As of December 31, 2018 |  | Obligation recorded to reflect guaranty
Unconsolidated Affiliate |  | Company's Ownership Interest |  | Outstanding Balance |  | Percentage Guaranteed by the Operating Partnership |  | Maximum Guaranteed Amount |  | Debt Maturity Date (1) |  | 12/31/2018 |  | 12/31/2017
West Melbourne I, LLC - Phase I (2) |  | 50% |  | $ | 40,587 |  |  | 50% | (3) | $ | 20,294 |  |  | Feb-2021 | (3) | $ | 203 |  |  | $ | 86 |
West Melbourne I, LLC - Phase II (2) |  | 50% |  | 16,007 |  |  | 50% | (3) | 8,004 |  |  | Feb-2021 | (3) | 80 |  |  | 33 |
Port Orange I, LLC |  | 50% |  | 56,087 |  |  | 50% | (3) | 28,044 |  |  | Feb-2021 | (3) | 280 |  |  | 116 |
Ambassador Infrastructure, LLC |  | 65% |  | 10,605 |  |  | 100% |  | 10,605 |  |  | Aug-2020 |  | 106 |  |  | 177 |
Shoppes at Eagle Point, LLC |  | 50% |  | 33,826 |  |  | 100% | (4) | 36,400 |  |  | Oct-2020 | (5) | 364 |  |  | 364 |
EastGate Storage, LLC |  | 50% |  | 5,222 |  |  | 100% | (6) | 6,500 |  |  | Dec-2022 |  | 65 |  |  | 65 |
Self Storage at Mid Rivers, LLC (7) |  | 50% |  | 3,892 |  |  | 100% |  | 5,987 |  |  | Apr-2023 |  | 60 |  |  | — |
|  |  |  |  |  | Total guaranty liability |  | $ | 1,158 |  |  | $ | 841 |

(1) | Excludes any extension options.

(2) | The loan is secured by Hammock Landing - Phase I and Hammock Landing - Phase II, respectively.

(3) | The loan was amended in May 2018 to extend the maturity date and increase the guaranty from 20%. The loan has two one-year extension options for an outside maturity date of February 2023. See Note 6 for more information.

(4) | The guaranty will be reduced to 35% once certain debt and operational metrics are met.

(5) | The loan has one two-year extension option, at the joint venture's election, for an outside maturity date of October 2022.

(6) | Once construction is complete, the guaranty will be reduced to 50%. The guaranty will be further reduced to 25% once certain debt and operational metrics are met.

(7) | The Company received a 1% fee for the guaranty when the loan was issued in April 2018. The guaranty will be reduced to 50% once construction is complete. The guaranty will be further reduced to 25% once certain debt and operational metrics are met. See Note 6 for more information.

The Company has guaranteed the lease performance of York Town Center, LP ("YTC"), an unconsolidated affiliate in which it owns a 50% interest, under the terms of an agreement with a third party that owns property as part of York Town Center. Under the terms of that agreement, YTC is obligated to cause performance of the third party’s obligations as landlord under its lease with its sole tenant, including, but not limited to, provisions such as co-tenancy and exclusivity requirements. Should YTC fail to cause performance, then the tenant under the third party landlord’s lease may pursue certain remedies ranging from rights to terminate its lease to receiving reductions in rent. The Company has guaranteed YTC’s performance under this agreement up to a maximum of $22,000, which decreases by $800 annually until the guaranteed amount is reduced to $10,000. The guaranty expires on December 31, 2020. The maximum guaranteed obligation was $12,400 as of December 31, 2018. The Company entered into an agreement with its joint venture partner under which the joint venture partner has agreed to reimburse the Company 50% of any amounts it is obligated to fund under the guaranty. The Company did not record an obligation for this guaranty because it determined that the fair value of the guaranty was not material as of December 31, 2018 and 2017.
Performance Bonds
The Company has issued various bonds that it would have to satisfy in the event of non-performance. The total amount outstanding on these bonds was $16,003 and $16,998 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Ground Leases
The Company is the lessee of land at certain of its Properties under long-term operating leases, which include scheduled increases in minimum rents. The Company recognizes these scheduled rent increases on a straight-line basis over the initial lease terms. Most leases have initial terms of at least 20 years and contain one or more renewal options, generally for a minimum of five or ten year periods. Lease expense recognized in the consolidated statements of operations for 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $882, $980 and $1,301, respectively.
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The future obligations under these operating leases at December 31, 2018, are as follows:

2019 |  | $ | 504 |
2020 |  | 610 |
2021 |  | 517 |
2022 |  | 321 |
2023 |  | 281 |
Thereafter |  | 12,297 |
|  | $ | 14,530 |

In conjunction with the adoption of ASC 842 on January 1, 2019, the Company will record an ROU asset and corresponding lease liability. See Note 2 for additional information.
NOTE 16. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The Company has categorized its financial assets and financial liabilities that are recorded at fair value into a hierarchy in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosure, ("ASC 820") based on whether the inputs to valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. The fair value hierarchy contains three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value as follows:

Level 1 - | Inputs represent quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities as of the measurement date.

Level 2 - | Inputs, other than those included in Level 1, represent observable measurements for similar instruments in active markets, or identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and observable measurements or market data for instruments with substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3 - | Inputs represent unobservable measurements, supported by little, if any, market activity, and require considerable assumptions that are significant to the fair value of the asset or liability. Market valuations must often be determined using discounted cash flow methodologies, pricing models or similar techniques based on the Company’s assumptions and best judgment.

The asset or liability's fair value within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Under ASC 820, fair value measurements are determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability in an orderly transaction at the measurement date and under current market conditions. Valuation techniques used maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs and consider assumptions such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions and risk of nonperformance.
Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis
The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are reasonable estimates of their fair values because of the short-term nature of these financial instruments. Based on the interest rates for similar financial instruments, the carrying value of mortgage and other notes receivable is a reasonable estimate of fair value. The estimated fair value of mortgage and other indebtedness was $3,740,431 and $4,199,357 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. The fair value was calculated using Level 2 inputs by discounting future cash flows for mortgage and other indebtedness using estimated market rates at which similar loans would be made currently.
Fair Value Measurements on a Nonrecurring Basis
The Company measures the fair value of certain long-lived assets on a nonrecurring basis, through quarterly impairment testing or when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. The Company considers both quantitative and qualitative factors in its impairment analysis of long-lived assets. Significant quantitative factors include historical and forecasted information for each Property such as NOI, occupancy statistics and sales levels. Significant qualitative factors used include market conditions, age and condition of the Property and tenant mix. Due to the significant unobservable estimates and assumptions used in the valuation of long-lived assets that experience impairment, the Company classifies such long-lived assets under Level 3
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in the fair value hierarchy. Level 3 inputs primarily consist of sales and market data, independent valuations and discounted cash flow models. See below for a description of the estimates and assumptions the Company used in its impairment analysis. See Note 2 for additional information describing the Company's impairment review process.
The following table sets forth information regarding the Company’s assets that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and related impairment charges for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:

|  |  | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using |  |
| Total |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |  | Total Losses
2018: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-lived assets | $ | 91,841 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 91,841 |  |  | $ | 174,529 |
2017: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-lived assets | $ | 81,350 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 81,350 |  |  | $ | 71,401 |

Long-lived Assets Measured at Fair Value in 2018
During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recognized impairments of real estate of $174,529 related to five malls and undeveloped land. The Properties were classified for segment reporting purposes as listed below (see section below for information on outparcels). See Note 12 for segment information.

Impairment Date |  | Property |  | Location |  | Segment Classification |  | Loss on Impairment |  | Fair Value |
March |  | Janesville Mall (1) |  | Janesville, WI |  | Malls |  | $ | 18,061 |  |  | $ | — |  | (2)
June/December |  | Cary Towne Center (3) |  | Cary, NC |  | Malls |  | 54,678 |  |  | 30,971 |  |
September |  | Vacant land (4) |  | D'Iberville, MS |  | All Other |  | 14,598 |  |  | 8,100 |  |
December |  | Acadiana Mall - Macy's & vacant land (5) |  | Lafayette, LA |  | Malls/All Other |  | 1,593 |  |  | 3,920 |  |
December |  | Eastland Mall (6) |  | Bloomington, IL |  | Malls |  | 36,525 |  |  | 26,450 |  |
December |  | Honey Creek Mall (7) |  | Terre Haute, IN |  | Malls |  | 48,640 |  |  | 16,400 |  |
December |  | Vacant land (8) |  | Port Orange, FL |  | All Other |  | 434 |  |  | 6,000 |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 174,529 |  |  | $ | 91,841 |  |

(1) | The Company adjusted the book value of the mall to the net sales price of $17,640 in a signed contract with a third party buyer, adjusted to reflect estimated disposition costs. The mall was sold in July 2018. See Note 5 for additional information.

(2) | The long-lived asset was not included in the Company's consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2018 as the Company no longer had an interest in the property.

(3) | In June 2018, the Company was notified by IKEA that, as a result of a shift in its corporate strategy, it was terminating the contract to purchase land at the mall upon which it would develop and open a store. Under the terms of the interest-only non-recourse loan secured by the mall, the loan matured on the date the IKEA contract terminated if that date was prior to the scheduled maturity date of March 5, 2019. The Company engaged in conversations with the lender regarding a potential restructure of the loan. Based on the results of these conversations, the Company concluded that an impairment was required because it was unlikely to recover the asset's net carrying value through future cash flows. Management determined the fair value of Cary Towne Center using a discounted cash flow methodology. The discounted cash flow used assumptions including a holding period of ten years, a capitalization rate of 12.0% and a discount rate of 13%. In December 2018, the Company adjusted the book value of the property to the net sales price of $30,971 based on a signed contract with a third party buyer. The property sold in January 2019. See Note 7 for information related to the mortgage loan.

(4) | In accordance with the Company's quarterly impairment review process, the Company wrote down the book value of land to its estimated value of $8,100. The Company evaluated comparable land parcel transactions and determined that $8,100 was the land's estimated fair value.

(5) | The Company adjusted the book value of the anchor parcel and the vacant land to the net sales price of $3,920 in a signed contract with a third party buyer, adjusted to reflect estimated disposition costs. The property was sold in January 2019.

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(6) | Eastland Mall - In accordance with the Company's quarterly impairment process, the Company wrote down the book value of the mall to its estimated fair value of $26,450. The mall has experienced a deterioration of NOI and cash flows as a result of the downturn of the economy in its market area and four vacant anchors with no active prospects to replace these anchor stores. Management determined the fair value of Eastland Mall using a discounted cash flow methodology. The discount cash flow used assumptions including a holding period of ten years, with a sale at the end of the holding period, a capitalization rate of 15.0% and a discount rate 17.0%.

(7) | Honey Creek Mall - In accordance with the Company's quarterly impairment process, the Company wrote down the book value of the mall to its estimated fair value of $16,400. The mall has experienced a decline of NOI due to store closures and rent reductions. Additionally, two anchors were vacant as of December 31, 2018, and a third anchor announced during the fourth quarter of 2018 that it would be closing during the first quarter of 2019. Management determined the fair value of Honey Creek Mall using a discounted cash flow methodology. The discount cash flow used assumptions including a holding period of ten years, with a sale at the end of the holding period, a capitalization rate of 18.0% and a discount rate 20.0%.

(8) | The Company adjusted the book value of the land contributed to a joint venture to its agreed upon fair value based on the joint venture agreement with its partner, Continental 425 Fund LLC. See Note 6 for more information.

Long-lived Assets Measured at Fair Value in 2017
During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recognized impairments of real estate of $71,401 primarily related to two malls, a parcel project near an outlet center and one outparcel. The Properties were classified for segment reporting purposes as listed below (see section below for information on outparcels). See Note 12 for segment information.

Impairment Date |  | Property |  | Location |  | Segment Classification |  | Loss on Impairment |  | Fair Value |
March |  | Vacant land (1) |  | Woodstock, GA |  | Malls |  | $ | 3,147 |  |  | $ | — |  | (2)
June |  | Acadiana Mall (3) |  | Lafayette, LA |  | Malls |  | 43,007 |  |  | 67,300 |  |
June / September |  | Prior period sales adjustments (4) |  | Various |  | Malls/ All Other |  | 606 |  |  | — |  | (2)
September |  | Hickory Point Mall (5) |  | Forsyth, IL |  | Malls |  | 24,525 |  |  | 14,050 |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 71,285 |  |  | $ | 81,350 |  |

(1) | The Company wrote down the book value of its interest in a consolidated joint venture that owned land adjacent to one of its outlet malls upon the divestiture of its interests to a fair value of $1,000. In conjunction with the divestiture and assignment of the Company's interests in this consolidated joint venture, the Company was relieved of its debt obligation by the joint venture partner. See Note 7 for more information.

(2) | The long-lived asset was not included in the Company's consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2017 as the Company no longer had an interest in the property.

(3) | Acadiana Mall - In accordance with the Company's quarterly impairment review process, the Company wrote down the book value of the mall to its estimated fair value of $67,300. The mall has experienced declining tenant sales and cash flows as a result of the downturn of the economy in its market area and an anchor announced in the second quarter 2017 that it will close its store later in 2017. The loan secured by Acadiana Mall matured in April 2017 and is in default. See Note 7 for more information. Management determined the fair value of Acadiana Mall using a discounted cash flow methodology. The discounted cash flow used assumptions including a holding period of ten years, with a sale at the end of the holding period, a capitalization rate of 15.5% and a discount rate of 15.75%. The revenues of Acadiana Mall accounted for approximately 1.9% of total consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2017.

(4) | Relates to true-ups of estimated expenses to actual expenses for properties sold in prior periods.

(5) | Hickory Point Mall - In accordance with the Company's quarterly impairment review process, the Company wrote down the book value of the mall to its estimated fair value of $14,050. The mall has experienced decreased occupancy and cash flows as a result of the downturn of the economy in its market area. The Company is in preliminary discussions with the lender to modify the loan secured by the mall due to the additional deterioration in its operating metrics. Management determined the fair value of Hickory Point Mall using a discounted cash flow methodology. The discounted cash flow used assumptions including a holding period of ten years, with a sale at the end of the holding period, a capitalization rate of 18.0% and a discount rate of 19.0%. The revenues of Hickory Point Mall accounted for approximately 0.5% of total consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Other Impairment Loss in 2017
During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company recorded an impairment of $116 related to the sale of one outparcel. Outparcels are classified for segment reporting purposes in the All Other category. See Note 12 for segment information.
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Long-lived Assets Measured at Fair Value in 2016:
During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recognized impairments of real estate of $116,822 when it wrote down nine malls, an associated center, a community center, three office buildings and three outparcels to their estimated fair values. The Properties are classified for segment reporting purposes as listed below (see section below for information on outparcels). See Note 12 for segment information.

Impairment Date |  | Property |  | Location |  | Segment Classification |  | Loss on Impairment |  | Fair Value |
March |  | Bonita Lakes Mall & Crossing (1) |  | Meridian, MS |  | Malls/ All Other |  | $ | 5,323 |  |  | $ | — |  | (2)
March |  | Midland Mall (3) |  | Midland, MI |  | Malls |  | 4,681 |  |  | 29,200 |  |
March |  | River Ridge Mall (4) |  | Lynchburg, VA |  | Malls |  | 9,594 |  |  | — |  | (2)
June |  | The Lakes Mall & Fashion Square (5) |  | Muskegon, MI & Saginaw, MI |  | Malls |  | 32,096 |  |  | — |  | (2)
June |  | Wausau Center (6) |  | Wausau, WI |  | Malls |  | 10,738 |  |  | 11,000 |  |
September |  | Randolph Mall, Regency Mall & Walnut Square (7) |  | Asheboro, NC; Racine, WI & Dalton, GA |  | Malls |  | 43,144 |  |  | — |  | (2)
September |  | One Oyster Point & Two Oyster Point (8) |  | Newport News, VA |  | All Other |  | 3,844 |  |  | 6,000 |  |
September |  | Oak Branch Business Center (9) |  | Greensboro, NC |  | All Other |  | 100 |  |  | — |  | (2)
September |  | Cobblestone Village at Palm Coast (10) |  | Palm Coast, FL |  | All Other |  | 6,448 |  |  | — |  | (2)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 115,968 |  |  | $ | 46,200 |  |

(1) | Bonita Lakes Mall & Crossing - The Company adjusted the book value of Bonita Lakes Mall and Bonita Lakes Crossing ("Bonita Lakes") to its estimated fair value of $27,440, which represented the contractual sales price of $27,910 with a third party buyer, adjusted to reflect estimated disposition costs. The revenues of Bonita Lakes accounted for approximately 0.7% of total consolidated revenues for the trailing twelve months ended March 31, 2016. See Note 5 for further information on the sale that closed in the second quarter of 2016.

(2) | The long-lived asset was not included in the Company's consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2016 as the Company no longer had an interest in the property.

(3) | Midland Mall - The Company wrote down the mall to its estimated fair value. The fair value analysis used a discounted cash flow methodology with assumptions including a ten-year holding period with a sale at the end of the holding period, a capitalization rate of 9.75%, a discount rate of 11.5% and estimated selling costs of 2.0%. The Company notified the lender that it would not pay off the loan that was scheduled to mature in August 2016 and the mall went into receivership in September 2016. The revenues of Midland Mall accounted for approximately 0.6% of total consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2016. The mall was returned to the lender during the first quarter of 2017 as the foreclosure process was complete. See Note 5 and Note 7 for further information.

(4) | River Ridge Mall - The Company sold a 75% interest in its wholly owned investment in River Ridge Mall to a newly formed joint venture in March 2016 and recognized a loss on impairment of $9,510 in the first quarter of 2016 when it adjusted the book value of the mall to its estimated net sales price based upon a contract with a third party buyer, adjusted to reflect estimated disposition costs. The impairment loss included a $2,100 reserve for a roof and electrical work that the Company subsequently funded. An additional loss on impairment of $84 was recognized in the fourth quarter of 2016 to reflect actual closing costs. The revenues of River Ridge Mall accounted for approximately 0.6% of total consolidated revenues for the trailing twelve months ended March 31, 2016. The Company's investment in River Ridge was included in investments in unconsolidated affiliates on the Company's consolidated balance sheets until the sale of its interests to its partner in the third quarter of 2017. See Note 6 for further information.

(5) | The Lakes Mall & Fashion Square - The Company adjusted the book value of the malls to their estimated fair value of $65,447 based upon the sales price of $66,500 in the signed contract with a third party buyer, adjusted to reflect estimated disposition costs. The revenues of The Lakes Mall and Fashion Square accounted for approximately 1.6% of total consolidated revenues for the trailing twelve months ended June 30, 2016. These Properties were sold in July 2016. See Note 5 for additional information.

(6) | Wausau Center - In accordance with the Company's quarterly impairment review process, the Company recorded an impairment to write down the depreciated book value of the mall to its estimated fair value. After evaluating redevelopment options, the Company determined that an appropriate risk-adjusted return was not achievable and reduced its holding period. The mall was encumbered by a non-recourse loan with a balance of $17,689 as of December 31, 2016 and had experienced declining sales and the loss of two anchor stores. With the assistance of a third-party appraiser, management determined the fair value of Wausau Center using a discounted cash flow methodology. The discounted cash flow used assumptions including a ten-year holding period with a sale at the end of the holding period, a capitalization rate of 13.25%, a discount rate of 13.0% and estimated selling costs of 4.0%. As these assumptions are subject to economic and market uncertainties, they are difficult to predict and are subject to future events that may alter the assumptions used or management's estimates of future possible outcomes. The revenues of Wausau Center accounted for approximately 0.3% of total consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2016. The Company notified the lender that it would not make its scheduled July 1, 2016 debt payment and the foreclosure process was completed and the mall was subsequently returned to the lender during the third quarter of 2017. See Note 5 and Note 7 for more information.

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(7) | Randolph Mall, Regency Mall & Walnut Square - The Company wrote down the book values of the three malls to their estimated fair value of $31,318 and recorded a loss on impairment of $43,294 in the third quarter of 2016 based upon a sales price of $32,250 in a signed contract with a third party buyer, adjusted to reflect estimated disposition costs. The Company reduced the loss on impairment in the fourth quarter of 2016 by $150 to reflect actual closing costs. The revenues of the malls accounted for approximately 1.5% of total consolidated revenues for the trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2016. The malls were sold in December 2016.

(8) | One & Two Oyster Point - In accordance with the Company's quarterly impairment review process, the Company recorded impairment to write down the depreciated book value of two office buildings to their estimated fair value as a result of a change in the expected holding period to a range of one to two years. Other factors used in the discounted cash flow analysis included a capitalization rate of 8.0%, a discount rate of 10.0% and estimated selling costs of 2.0%. The office buildings were subsequently sold in 2017. The revenues of the office buildings accounted for approximately 0.3% of total consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2016. See Note 5 for more information.

(9) | Oak Branch Business Center - The office building was sold in September 2016. A loss on impairment of $122 was recorded in the third quarter of 2016 to adjust the book value to its estimated value based upon a signed contract with a third party buyer, adjusted to reflect estimated disposition costs. The loss on impairment was reduced by $22 in the fourth quarter of 2016 to reflect actual closing costs. See Note 5 for more information.

(10) | Cobblestone Village at Palm Coast - In accordance with the Company's quarterly impairment review process, the Company recorded a loss on impairment of $6,298 in the third quarter of 2016 based upon a signed contract with a third party buyer, adjusted to reflect estimated disposition costs. Other factors used in the discounted cash flow analysis included a capitalization rate of 9.0%, a discount rate of 10.75% and estimated selling costs of 2.0%. The revenue of the community center accounted for approximately 0.1% of total consolidated revenues for the trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2016. An additional impairment loss of $150 was recognized in the fourth quarter of 2016 for an adjustment to the sales price when the sale closed in December 2016. See Note 5.

Other Impairment Loss in 2016
During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recorded impairments of $854 related to the sales of three outparcels. These outparcels were classified for segment reporting purposes in the All Other category. See Note 12 for segment information.
NOTE 17. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION
As of December 31, 2018, there was one share-based compensation plan under which the Company has outstanding awards, the CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. 2012 Stock Incentive Plan ("the 2012 Plan"), which was approved by the Company's shareholders in May 2012. The 2012 Plan permits the Company to issue stock options and common stock to selected officers, employees and non-employee directors of the Company up to a total of 10,400,000 shares. As the primary operating subsidiary of the Company, the Operating Partnership participates in and bears the compensation expense associated with the Company's share-based compensation plan. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors (the “Committee”) administers the 2012 Plan.
The Company adopted ASU 2016-09 effective January 1, 2017 as described in Note 2. In accordance with the provisions of ASU 2016-09, which are designed to simplify the accounting for share-based payments transactions, the Company elected to account for forfeitures of share-based payments as they occur rather than continuing to estimate them in advance. The Company elected not to record a cumulative effect adjustment as the impact of estimated forfeitures on the Company's cumulative share-based compensation expense recorded through December 31, 2016 was nominal.
Restricted Stock Awards
Under the 2012 Plan, common stock may be awarded either alone, in addition to, or in tandem with other granted stock awards. The Committee has the authority to determine eligible persons to whom common stock will be awarded, the number of shares to be awarded and the duration of the vesting period, as defined. Generally, an award of common stock vests either immediately at grant or in equal installments over a period of five years. Stock awarded to independent directors is fully vested upon grant; however, the independent directors may not transfer such shares during their board term. The Committee may also provide for the issuance of common stock under the 2012 Plan on a deferred basis pursuant to deferred compensation arrangements. The fair value of common stock awarded under the 2012 Plan is determined based on the market price of CBL’s common stock on the grant date and the related compensation expense is recognized over the vesting period on a straight-line basis.
The Company may make restricted stock awards to independent directors, officers and its employees under the 2012 Plan. These awards are generally granted based on the performance of the Company and its employees. None of these awards have performance requirements other than a service condition of continued employment, unless otherwise provided. Compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period.
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The share-based compensation cost related to the restricted stock awards was $3,744, $3,907 and $4,681 for 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Share-based compensation cost resulting from share-based awards is recorded at the Management Company, which is a taxable entity. Share-based compensation cost capitalized as part of real estate assets was $287, $405 and $351 in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
A summary of the status of the Company’s nonvested restricted stock awards as of December 31, 2018, and changes during the year ended December 31, 2018, is presented below:

| Shares |  | Weighted- Average Grant-Date Fair Value
Nonvested at January 1, 2018 | 642,359 |  |  | $ | 13.23 |
Granted | 693,064 |  |  | $ | 4.55 |
Vested | (443,159 | ) |  | $ | 10.15 |
Forfeited | (16,767 | ) |  | $ | 9.10 |
Nonvested at December 31, 2018 | 875,497 |  |  | $ | 7.99 |

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of shares granted during 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $4.55, $10.75 and $10.02, respectively. The total fair value of shares vested during 2018, 2017 and 2016 was $2,189, $2,791 and $2,605, respectively.
As of December 31, 2018, there was $4,596 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock awards granted under the 2012 Plan, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.5 years.
Long-Term Incentive Program
In 2015, the Company adopted a long-term incentive program ("LTIP") for its named executive officers, which consists of performance stock unit ("PSU") awards and annual restricted stock awards, that may be issued under the 2012 Plan. The number of shares related to the PSU awards that each named executive officer may receive upon the conclusion of a three-year performance period is determined, for awards granted in 2016 and 2017, based on the Company's achievement of specified levels of long-term total stockholder return ("TSR") performance relative to the NAREIT Retail Index, provided that at least a "Threshold" level must be attained for any shares to be earned. Beginning with the PSU awards granted under the LTIP in 2018, one-third of the number of shares that each named executive officer may receive upon the conclusion of a three-year performance period is determined based on the achievement of specified absolute levels of TSR performance by the Company, while two-thirds of the number of shares received will continue to be determined based on the Company’s TSR performance relative to the NAREIT Retail Index, as in prior years.
Additionally, in order to maintain the intended incentive compensation value of the PSU awards under the LTIP while also maintaining compliance with the 200,000 share annual equity grant limit under the 2012 Plan, the Compensation Committee revised the PSU awards beginning with the 2018 grant to provide that, to the extent a grant of PSUs to a named executive officer could result in the issuance of a number of shares of common stock at the conclusion of the performance period that, when coupled with the number of shares of time-vesting restricted stock approved for issuance under the LTIP in the same year the PSUs were granted, would exceed such limit, any such excess will be instead converted to a cash bonus award with a value equivalent to the number of shares of common stock constituting such excess times the average of the high and low trading prices reported for the Company’s common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on the date such shares would have otherwise been issuable.
Annual Restricted Stock Awards
Under the LTIP, annual restricted stock awards consist of shares of time-vested restricted stock awarded based on a qualitative evaluation of the performance of the Company and the named executive officer during the fiscal year. Annual restricted stock awards under the LTIP vest 20% on the date of grant with the remainder vesting in four annual equal installments. Outstanding restricted stock and related changes during 2018 for awards made to named executive officers under the LTIP is included in the information presented in the table above.
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Performance Stock Units
The Company granted the following PSUs in the first quarter of the respective years. A summary of PSU activity as of December 31, 2018, and changes during the year ended December 31, 2018, is presented below:

| PSUs |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value
2016 PSUs granted | 282,995 |  |  | $ | 4.98 |
2017 PSUs granted | 277,376 |  |  | $ | 6.86 |
Outstanding at January 1 , 2018 | 560,371 |  |  | $ | 5.91 |
2018 PSUs granted (1) | 741,977 |  |  | $ | 2.63 |
2016 PSUs canceled (2) | (252,538 | ) |  | $ | 4.41 |
Forfeited | (138,899 | ) |  | $ | 4.22 |
Outstanding at December 31, 2018 (3) | 910,911 |  |  | $ | 4.67 |

(1) | Includes 381,749 shares classified as a liability due to the potential cash component described above.

(2) | Based on the Company's TSR relative to the NAREIT Retail Index for the three-year performance period ended December 31, 2018, none of the 2016 PSU were earned as of December 31, 2018.

(3) | None of the PSUs outstanding at December 31, 2018 were vested.

Shares earned pursuant to the PSU awards vest 60% at the conclusion of the performance period while the remaining 40% of the PSU award vests 20% on each of the first two anniversaries thereafter.
Compensation cost is recognized on a tranche-by-tranche basis using the accelerated attribution method. The resulting expense is recorded regardless of whether any PSU awards are earned as long as the required service period is met.
The fair value of the potential cash component related to the 2018 PSUs is measured each reporting period, using the same methodology as was used at the initial grant date, and classified as a liability on the consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018 with an adjustment to compensation expense. If the performance criterion is not satisfied at the end of the performance period for the 2018 PSUs, previously recognized compensation expense related to the liability-classified awards would be reversed as there would be no value at the settlement date.
Share-based compensation expense related to the PSUs was $1,364, $1,501 and $1,033 in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Unrecognized compensation costs related to the PSUs was $1,594 as of December 31, 2018, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.2 years.
The following table summarizes the assumptions used in the Monte Carlo simulation pricing model related to the 2018 PSUs and the 2017 PSUs:

| 2018 PSUs |  | 2017 PSUs
Grant date | February 12, 2018 |  | February 7, 2017
Fair value per share on valuation date (1) | $ | 4.76 |  |  | $ | 6.86 |
Risk-free interest rate (2) | 2.36 | % |  | 1.53 | %
Expected share price volatility (3) | 42.02 | % |  | 32.85 | %

(1) | The value of the PSU awards is estimated on the date of grant using a Monte Carlo Simulation model. The valuation consists of computing the fair value using CBL's simulated stock price as well as TSR over a three-year performance period. The award is modeled as a contingent claim in that the expected return on the underlying shares is risk-free and the rate of discounting the payoff of the award is also risk-free. The weighted-average fair value per share related to the 2018 PSUs classified as equity consists of 240,164 shares at a fair value of $3.13 per share (which related to relative TSR) and 120,064 shares at a fair value of $1.63 per share (which relate to absolute TSR). The weighted-average fair value per share related to the 2017 PSUs consists of 115,082 shares at a fair value of $5.62 per share and 162,294 shares at a fair value of $7.74 per share.

(2) | The risk-free interest rate was based on the yield curve on zero-coupon U.S. Treasury securities in effect as of the valuation date, which is the respective grant date listed above.

(3) | The computation of expected volatility was based on a blend of the historical volatility of CBL's shares of common stock based on annualized daily total continuous returns over a three-year period and implied volatility data based on the trailing month average of daily implied volatilities implied by stock call option contracts that were both closest to the terms shown and closest to the money.

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NOTE 18. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS
401(k) Plan
The Management Company maintains a 401(k) profit sharing plan, which is qualified under Section 401(a) and Section 401(k) of the Code to cover employees of the Management Company. All employees who have attained the age of 21 and have completed at least 60 days of service are eligible to participate in the plan. The plan provides for employer matching contributions on behalf of each participant equal to 50% of the portion of such participant’s contribution that does not exceed 2.5% of such participant’s annual gross salary for the plan year. Additionally, the Management Company has the discretion to make additional profit-sharing-type contributions not related to participant elective contributions. Total contributions by the Management Company were $1,003, $1,034 and $987 in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
The Company maintains an employee stock purchase plan that allows eligible employees to acquire shares of the Company’s common stock in the open market without incurring brokerage or transaction fees. Under the plan, eligible employees make payroll deductions that are used to purchase shares of CBL’s common stock. The shares are purchased at the prevailing market price of the stock at the time of purchase.
NOTE 19. QUARTERLY INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)

Year Ended December 31, 2018 |  | First Quarter |  | Second Quarter |  | Third Quarter |  | Fourth Quarter |  | Total
Total revenues |  | $ | 220,200 |  |  | $ | 214,598 |  |  | $ | 206,878 |  |  | $ | 216,881 |  |  | $ | 858,557 |
Net loss (1) |  | (661 | ) |  | (29,976 | ) |  | (2,971 | ) |  | (65,621 | ) |  | (99,229 | )
Net income (loss) attributable to the Company |  | 903 |  |  | (23,797 | ) |  | (1,367 | ) |  | (54,307 | ) |  | (78,568 | )
Net loss attributable to common shareholders |  | (10,320 | ) |  | (35,020 | ) |  | (12,590 | ) |  | (65,530 | ) |  | (123,460 | )
Basic and diluted per share data attributable to common shareholders: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss attributable to common shareholders |  | $ | (0.06 | ) |  | $ | (0.20 | ) |  | $ | (0.07 | ) |  | $ | (0.39 | ) |  | $ | (0.72 | )

(1) | Net loss for the quarter ended June 30, 2018 includes loss on impairment of real estate assets of $51,983 related to Cary Towne Center. Net loss for the quarter ended December 31, 2018 includes loss on impairment of real estate assets of $2,693, $36,525 and $48,640 for Cary Towne Center, Eastland Mall and Honey Creek Mall, respectively (see Note 16).

Year Ended December 31, 2017 |  | First Quarter |  | Second Quarter |  | Third Quarter |  | Fourth Quarter |  | Total (1)
Total revenues |  | $ | 238,013 |  |  | $ | 229,233 |  |  | $ | 224,650 |  |  | $ | 235,356 |  |  | $ | 927,252 |
Net income (2) |  | 38,518 |  |  | 70,627 |  |  | 9,299 |  |  | 40,538 |  |  | 158,982 |
Net income attributable to the Company |  | 34,115 |  |  | 41,396 |  |  | 8,965 |  |  | 36,464 |  |  | 120,940 |
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders |  | 22,892 |  |  | 30,173 |  |  | (2,258 | ) |  | 25,241 |  |  | 76,048 |
Basic and diluted per share data attributable to common shareholders: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders |  | $ | 0.13 |  |  | $ | 0.18 |  |  | $ | (0.01 | ) |  | $ | 0.15 |  |  | $ | 0.44 |

(1) | The sum of quarterly EPS differs from annual EPS due to rounding.

(2) | Net Income for the quarter ended June 30, 2017 includes the following items:

– | a gain of $75,434 (of which the Company's share was approximately $48,800) related to the sale of The Outlet Shoppes at Oklahoma City, a 75/25 joint venture (see Note 5 ).

– | a gain on extinguishment of debt of $20,420, which primarily represents the gain related to the foreclosure of Chesterfield Mall, which was partially offset by a prepayment fee for the early retirement of debt on The Outlet Shoppes at Oklahoma City (see Note 7).

– | a $5,843 loss on investment related to the disposition of River Ridge Mall (see Note 6).

– | a $43,007 loss on impairment of real estate assets related to Acadiana Mall (see Note 16).

Net income for the quarter ended September 30, 2017 includes a $6,851 gain on extinguishment of debt attributable to the foreclosure of Wausau Center (see Note 7), as well as a $24,525 loss on impairment of real estate assets related to Hickory Point Mall (see Note 16).
147

NOTE 20. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
The $1,308 mortgage note receivable secured by Village Square was amended in January 2019 to extend the maturity date to March 2019 and restructure the monthly payment amount.
In January 2019, the foreclosure of Acadiana Mall was complete, and the lender received the deed to the Property in satisfaction of the non-recourse debt which had a balance of $119,760 as of December 31, 2018. The Company expects to record a gain on extinguishment of debt of approximately $63,696 in the first quarter of 2019.
In January 2019, the Company sold Cary Towne Center, a mall property located in Cary, NC. The lender received the proceeds from the sale in satisfaction of the non-recourse loan secured by the mall, which had a principal balance of $43,716 as of December 31, 2018. The Company expects to record a gain on extinguishment of debt of approximately $9,881 in the first quarter of 2019.
In January 2019, the Operating Partnership entered into a new $1,185,000 senior secured credit facility, which includes a fully-funded $500,000 term loan and a revolving line of credit with a borrowing capacity of $685,000. The senior secured credit facility replaces all of the Operating Partnership's prior unsecured bank facilities, which included three unsecured term loans with an aggregate balance of $695,000 and three unsecured revolving lines of credit with an aggregate capacity of $1,100,000. At closing, the Operating Partnership used the line of credit to reduce the principal balance of the unsecured term loans from $695,000 to $500,000. The senior secured facility matures in July 2023 and bears interest at a variable rate of LIBOR plus 225 basis points. The Operating Partnership is required to pay an annual facility fee, to be paid quarterly, which ranges from 0.25% to 0.35%, based on the unused capacity of the line of credit. The principal balance on the term loan will be reduced by $35,000 per year in quarterly installments. The senior secured credit facility contains, among other restrictions, various restrictive covenants that are defined and computed on the same basis as the covenants required under the Notes.
148

Schedule II
CBL & ASSOCIATES PROPERTIES, INC.
CBL & ASSOCIATES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(In thousands)

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Tenant receivables - allowance for doubtful accounts: |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of year | $ | 2,011 |  |  | $ | 1,910 |  |  | $ | 1,923 |
Additions in allowance charged to expense | 4,817 |  |  | 3,782 |  |  | 4,058 |
Bad debts charged against allowance | (4,491 | ) |  | (3,681 | ) |  | (4,071 | )
Balance, end of year | $ | 2,337 |  |  | $ | 2,011 |  |  | $ | 1,910 |
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Other receivables - allowance for doubtful accounts: |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of year | $ | 838 |  |  | $ | 838 |  |  | $ | 1,276 |
Additions in allowance charged to expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Bad debts charged against allowance | (838 | ) |  | — |  |  | (438 | )
Balance, end of year | $ | — |  |  | $ | 838 |  |  | $ | 838 |

149

Schedule III
CBL & ASSOCIATES PROPERTIES, INC.
CBL & ASSOCIATES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
REAL ESTATE ASSETS AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
At December 31, 2018
(In thousands)

|  |  |  | Initial Cost (1) |  |  |  |  |  | Gross Amounts at Which Carried at Close of Period |  |
Description /Location |  | Encumbrances (2) |  | Land |  | Buildings and Improvements |  | Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition |  | Sales of Outparcel Land |  | Land |  | Buildings and Improvements |  | Total (3) |  | Accumulated Depreciation (4) |  | Date of Construction / Acquisition
MALLS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Acadiana Mall, Lafayette, LA |  | $ | 119,760 |  |  | $ | 25,083 |  |  | $ | 145,769 |  |  | $ | (102,215 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,927 |  |  | $ | 60,710 |  |  | $ | 68,637 |  |  | $ | (4,635 | ) |  | 2005
Alamance Crossing, Burlington, NC |  | 45,464 |  |  | 20,853 |  |  | 62,852 |  |  | 39,634 |  |  | (3,373 | ) |  | 17,481 |  |  | 102,485 |  |  | 119,966 |  |  | (37,055 | ) |  | 2007
Arbor Place, Atlanta (Douglasville), GA |  | 109,209 |  |  | 8,508 |  |  | 95,088 |  |  | 28,164 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,508 |  |  | 123,252 |  |  | 131,760 |  |  | (70,005 | ) |  | 1998-1999
Asheville Mall, Asheville, NC |  | 66,038 |  |  | 7,139 |  |  | 58,386 |  |  | 65,419 |  |  | (805 | ) |  | 6,334 |  |  | 123,805 |  |  | 130,139 |  |  | (58,609 | ) |  | 1998
Brookfield Square, Brookfield, WI |  | 8,172 |  |  | 8,996 |  |  | 78,533 |  |  | 77,878 |  |  | (4,789 | ) |  | 20,621 |  |  | 139,997 |  |  | 160,618 |  |  | (73,080 | ) |  | 2001
Burnsville Center, Burnsville, MN |  | 67,312 |  |  | 12,804 |  |  | 71,748 |  |  | 59,357 |  |  | (1,157 | ) |  | 16,102 |  |  | 126,650 |  |  | 142,752 |  |  | (64,697 | ) |  | 1998
Cary Towne Center, Cary, NC |  | 43,716 |  |  | 23,688 |  |  | 74,432 |  |  | (67,149 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 30,971 |  |  | 30,971 |  |  | — |  |  | 2001
CherryVale Mall, Rockford, IL |  | — |  |  | 11,892 |  |  | 64,117 |  |  | 58,028 |  |  | (1,667 | ) |  | 11,608 |  |  | 120,762 |  |  | 132,370 |  |  | (55,397 | ) |  | 2001
Cross Creek Mall, Fayetteville, NC |  | 115,513 |  |  | 19,155 |  |  | 104,378 |  |  | 49,457 |  |  | — |  |  | 31,539 |  |  | 141,451 |  |  | 172,990 |  |  | (60,311 | ) |  | 2003
Dakota Square Mall, Minot, ND |  | — |  |  | 4,552 |  |  | 87,625 |  |  | 26,417 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,473 |  |  | 114,121 |  |  | 118,594 |  |  | (24,203 | ) |  | 2012
East Towne Mall, Madison, WI |  | — |  |  | 4,496 |  |  | 63,867 |  |  | 72,273 |  |  | (715 | ) |  | 3,781 |  |  | 136,140 |  |  | 139,921 |  |  | (54,240 | ) |  | 2001
EastGate Mall, Cincinnati, OH |  | 34,057 |  |  | 13,046 |  |  | 44,949 |  |  | 34,818 |  |  | (1,017 | ) |  | 16,827 |  |  | 74,969 |  |  | 91,796 |  |  | (32,035 | ) |  | 2003
Eastland Mall, Bloomington, IL |  | — |  |  | 5,746 |  |  | 75,893 |  |  | (54,540 | ) |  | (753 | ) |  | 3,150 |  |  | 23,196 |  |  | 26,346 |  |  | — |  |  | 2005
Fayette Mall, Lexington, KY |  | 152,264 |  |  | 25,205 |  |  | 84,256 |  |  | 106,246 |  |  | — |  |  | 25,206 |  |  | 190,501 |  |  | 215,707 |  |  | (67,310 | ) |  | 2001
Frontier Mall, Cheyenne, WY |  | — |  |  | 2,681 |  |  | 15,858 |  |  | 22,772 |  |  | (80 | ) |  | 2,601 |  |  | 38,630 |  |  | 41,231 |  |  | (25,913 | ) |  | 1981
Greenbrier Mall, Chesapeake, VA |  | 68,101 |  |  | 3,181 |  |  | 107,355 |  |  | 17,791 |  |  | (626 | ) |  | 2,555 |  |  | 125,146 |  |  | 127,701 |  |  | (48,288 | ) |  | 2004
Hamilton Place, Chattanooga, TN |  | 102,429 |  |  | 3,532 |  |  | 42,619 |  |  | 76,555 |  |  | (441 | ) |  | 8,484 |  |  | 113,781 |  |  | 122,265 |  |  | (61,421 | ) |  | 1986-1987
Hanes Mall, Winston-Salem, NC |  | — |  |  | 17,176 |  |  | 133,376 |  |  | 60,016 |  |  | (948 | ) |  | 18,629 |  |  | 190,991 |  |  | 209,620 |  |  | (85,272 | ) |  | 2001
Harford Mall, Bel Air, MD |  | — |  |  | 8,699 |  |  | 45,704 |  |  | 22,805 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,699 |  |  | 68,509 |  |  | 77,208 |  |  | (30,258 | ) |  | 2003
Hickory Point Mall, Forsyth, IL |  | 27,446 |  |  | 10,731 |  |  | 31,728 |  |  | (24,608 | ) |  | (293 | ) |  | 4,336 |  |  | 13,222 |  |  | 17,558 |  |  | (1,796 | ) |  | 2005
Honey Creek Mall, Terre Haute, IN |  | 24,027 |  |  | 3,108 |  |  | 83,358 |  |  | (69,999 | ) |  | — |  |  | 3,108 |  |  | 13,359 |  |  | 16,467 |  |  | — |  |  | 2004
Imperial Valley Mall, El Centro, CA |  | — |  |  | 35,378 |  |  | 70,549 |  |  | 8,719 |  |  | — |  |  | 40,579 |  |  | 74,067 |  |  | 114,646 |  |  | (15,162 | ) |  | 2012
Jefferson Mall, Louisville, KY |  | 63,379 |  |  | 13,125 |  |  | 40,234 |  |  | 46,836 |  |  | (521 | ) |  | 17,850 |  |  | 81,824 |  |  | 99,674 |  |  | (36,074 | ) |  | 2001
Kirkwood Mall, Bismarck, ND |  | — |  |  | 3,368 |  |  | 118,945 |  |  | 29,480 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,447 |  |  | 148,346 |  |  | 151,793 |  |  | (26,308 | ) |  | 2012
Laurel Park Place, Livonia, MI |  | — |  |  | 13,289 |  |  | 92,579 |  |  | 18,014 |  |  | — |  |  | 13,289 |  |  | 110,593 |  |  | 123,882 |  |  | (47,483 | ) |  | 2005
Layton Hills Mall, Layton, UT |  | — |  |  | 20,464 |  |  | 99,836 |  |  | (32,194 | ) |  | (464 | ) |  | 13,761 |  |  | 73,881 |  |  | 87,642 |  |  | (9,172 | ) |  | 2006
Mall del Norte, Laredo, TX |  | — |  |  | 21,734 |  |  | 142,049 |  |  | 51,941 |  |  | (149 | ) |  | 21,667 |  |  | 193,908 |  |  | 215,575 |  |  | (87,961 | ) |  | 2004
Mayfaire Town Center, Wilmington, NC |  | — |  |  | 26,333 |  |  | 101,087 |  |  | 16,424 |  |  | — |  |  | 26,443 |  |  | 117,401 |  |  | 143,844 |  |  | (12,460 | ) |  | 2015

150

Schedule III
CBL & ASSOCIATES PROPERTIES, INC.
CBL & ASSOCIATES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
REAL ESTATE ASSETS AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
At December 31, 2018
(In thousands)

|  |  |  | Initial Cost (1) |  |  |  |  |  | Gross Amounts at Which Carried at Close of Period |  |
Description /Location |  | Encumbrances (2) |  | Land |  | Buildings and Improvements |  | Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition |  | Sales of Outparcel Land |  | Land |  | Buildings and Improvements |  | Total (3) |  | Accumulated Depreciation (4) |  | Date of Construction / Acquisition
Meridian Mall, Lansing, MI |  | — |  |  | 2,797 |  |  | 103,678 |  |  | 69,052 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,500 |  |  | 171,027 |  |  | 175,527 |  |  | (84,959 | ) |  | 1998
Mid Rivers Mall, St. Peters, MO |  | — |  |  | 16,384 |  |  | 170,582 |  |  | 21,040 |  |  | (4,174 | ) |  | 12,210 |  |  | 191,622 |  |  | 203,832 |  |  | (64,003 | ) |  | 2007
Monroeville Mall, Pittsburgh, PA |  | — |  |  | 22,911 |  |  | 177,214 |  |  | 80,329 |  |  | — |  |  | 25,432 |  |  | 255,022 |  |  | 280,454 |  |  | (96,888 | ) |  | 2004
Northgate Mall, Chattanooga, TN |  | — |  |  | 2,330 |  |  | 8,960 |  |  | 26,109 |  |  | (492 | ) |  | 3,406 |  |  | 33,501 |  |  | 36,907 |  |  | (11,669 | ) |  | 2011
Northpark Mall, Joplin, MO |  | — |  |  | 9,977 |  |  | 65,481 |  |  | 44,259 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,071 |  |  | 108,646 |  |  | 119,717 |  |  | (48,465 | ) |  | 2004
Northwoods Mall, North Charleston, SC |  | 65,193 |  |  | 14,867 |  |  | 49,647 |  |  | 29,883 |  |  | (2,339 | ) |  | 12,528 |  |  | 79,530 |  |  | 92,058 |  |  | (33,870 | ) |  | 2001
Old Hickory Mall, Jackson, TN |  | — |  |  | 15,527 |  |  | 29,413 |  |  | 9,074 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,531 |  |  | 38,483 |  |  | 54,014 |  |  | (18,300 | ) |  | 2001
The Outlet Shoppes at Atlanta, Woodstock, GA |  | 77,808 |  |  | 8,598 |  |  | 100,613 |  |  | (36,505 | ) |  | (740 | ) |  | 7,858 |  |  | 64,108 |  |  | 71,966 |  |  | (20,181 | ) |  | 2013
The Outlet Shoppes at El Paso, El Paso, TX |  | 74,823 |  |  | 7,345 |  |  | 98,602 |  |  | 11,013 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,569 |  |  | 109,391 |  |  | 116,960 |  |  | (23,623 | ) |  | 2012
The Outlet Shoppes at Gettysburg, Gettysburg, PA |  | 37,762 |  |  | 20,779 |  |  | 22,180 |  |  | 2,706 |  |  | — |  |  | 20,778 |  |  | 24,887 |  |  | 45,665 |  |  | (6,256 | ) |  | 2012
The Outlet Shoppes at Laredo, Laredo, TX |  | 54,550 |  |  | 11,000 |  |  | 97,711 |  |  | 2,101 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,000 |  |  | 99,812 |  |  | 110,812 |  |  | (7,869 | ) |  | 2017
The Outlet Shoppes of the Bluegrass, Simpsonville, KY |  | 81,221 |  |  | 3,193 |  |  | 72,962 |  |  | 5,010 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,193 |  |  | 77,972 |  |  | 81,165 |  |  | (18,665 | ) |  | 2014
Park Plaza Mall, Little Rock, AR |  | 81,287 |  |  | 6,297 |  |  | 81,638 |  |  | 47,358 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,304 |  |  | 128,989 |  |  | 135,293 |  |  | (55,540 | ) |  | 2004
Parkdale Mall, Beaumont, TX |  | 78,544 |  |  | 23,850 |  |  | 47,390 |  |  | 61,823 |  |  | (307 | ) |  | 25,381 |  |  | 107,375 |  |  | 132,756 |  |  | (48,165 | ) |  | 2001
Parkway Place, Huntsville, AL |  | 34,486 |  |  | 6,364 |  |  | 67,067 |  |  | 7,722 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,364 |  |  | 74,789 |  |  | 81,153 |  |  | (20,838 | ) |  | 2010
Pearland Town Center, Pearland, TX |  | — |  |  | 16,300 |  |  | 108,615 |  |  | 20,417 |  |  | (857 | ) |  | 15,480 |  |  | 128,995 |  |  | 144,475 |  |  | (46,837 | ) |  | 2008
Post Oak Mall, College Station, TX |  | — |  |  | 3,936 |  |  | 48,948 |  |  | 17,118 |  |  | (327 | ) |  | 3,852 |  |  | 65,823 |  |  | 69,675 |  |  | (39,171 | ) |  | 1982
Richland Mall, Waco, TX |  | — |  |  | 9,874 |  |  | 34,793 |  |  | 23,788 |  |  | (1,225 | ) |  | 8,662 |  |  | 58,568 |  |  | 67,230 |  |  | (23,733 | ) |  | 2002
South County Center, St. Louis, MO |  | — |  |  | 15,754 |  |  | 159,249 |  |  | 16,181 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,790 |  |  | 175,394 |  |  | 191,184 |  |  | (57,799 | ) |  | 2007
Southaven Towne Center, Southaven, MS |  | — |  |  | 8,255 |  |  | 29,380 |  |  | 9,496 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,384 |  |  | 35,747 |  |  | 47,131 |  |  | (14,162 | ) |  | 2005
Southpark Mall, Colonial Heights, VA |  | 59,766 |  |  | 9,501 |  |  | 73,262 |  |  | 37,875 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,282 |  |  | 109,356 |  |  | 120,638 |  |  | (47,209 | ) |  | 2003
St. Clair Square, Fairview Heights, IL |  | — |  |  | 11,027 |  |  | 75,620 |  |  | 38,853 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,027 |  |  | 114,473 |  |  | 125,500 |  |  | (59,248 | ) |  | 1996
Stroud Mall, Stroudsburg, PA |  | — |  |  | 14,711 |  |  | 23,936 |  |  | 23,187 |  |  | — |  |  | 14,711 |  |  | 47,123 |  |  | 61,834 |  |  | (20,956 | ) |  | 1998
Sunrise Mall, Brownsville, TX |  | — |  |  | 11,156 |  |  | 59,047 |  |  | 16,298 |  |  | — |  |  | 11,156 |  |  | 75,345 |  |  | 86,501 |  |  | (29,067 | ) |  | 2003
Turtle Creek Mall, Hattiesburg, MS |  | — |  |  | 2,345 |  |  | 26,418 |  |  | 20,354 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,535 |  |  | 45,582 |  |  | 49,117 |  |  | (27,255 | ) |  | 1993-1994
Valley View Mall, Roanoke, VA |  | 53,372 |  |  | 15,985 |  |  | 77,771 |  |  | 24,517 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,999 |  |  | 102,274 |  |  | 118,273 |  |  | (42,013 | ) |  | 2003
Volusia Mall, Daytona Beach, FL |  | 41,332 |  |  | 2,526 |  |  | 120,242 |  |  | 37,405 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,945 |  |  | 151,228 |  |  | 160,173 |  |  | (55,382 | ) |  | 2004
West Towne Mall, Madison, WI |  | — |  |  | 8,912 |  |  | 83,084 |  |  | 46,050 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,912 |  |  | 129,134 |  |  | 138,046 |  |  | (57,121 | ) |  | 2001
WestGate Mall, Spartanburg, SC |  | 33,910 |  |  | 2,149 |  |  | 23,257 |  |  | 52,373 |  |  | (432 | ) |  | 1,742 |  |  | 75,605 |  |  | 77,347 |  |  | (42,592 | ) |  | 1995
Westmoreland Mall, Greensburg, PA |  | — |  |  | 4,621 |  |  | 84,215 |  |  | 30,499 |  |  | (1,240 | ) |  | 3,381 |  |  | 114,714 |  |  | 118,095 |  |  | (47,718 | ) |  | 2002

151

Schedule III
CBL & ASSOCIATES PROPERTIES, INC.
CBL & ASSOCIATES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
REAL ESTATE ASSETS AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
At December 31, 2018
(In thousands)

|  |  |  | Initial Cost (1) |  |  |  |  |  | Gross Amounts at Which Carried at Close of Period |  |
Description /Location |  | Encumbrances (2) |  | Land |  | Buildings and Improvements |  | Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition |  | Sales of Outparcel Land |  | Land |  | Buildings and Improvements |  | Total (3) |  | Accumulated Depreciation (4) |  | Date of Construction / Acquisition
York Galleria, York, PA |  | — |  |  | 5,757 |  |  | 63,316 |  |  | 20,618 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,757 |  |  | 83,934 |  |  | 89,691 |  |  | (38,296 | ) |  | 1999
Other Property Types |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
840 Greenbrier Circle, Chesapeake, VA |  | — |  |  | 2,096 |  |  | 3,091 |  |  | 1,276 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,096 |  |  | 4,367 |  |  | 6,463 |  |  | (1,518 | ) |  | 2007
850 Greenbrier Circle, Chesapeake, VA |  | — |  |  | 3,154 |  |  | 6,881 |  |  | 1,652 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,154 |  |  | 8,533 |  |  | 11,687 |  |  | (2,331 | ) |  | 2007
Annex at Monroeville, Pittsburgh, PA |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29,496 |  |  | 721 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 30,217 |  |  | 30,217 |  |  | (10,535 | ) |  | 2004
CBL Center, Chattanooga, TN |  | 17,780 |  |  | 1,332 |  |  | 24,675 |  |  | 1,084 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,863 |  |  | 25,228 |  |  | 27,091 |  |  | (15,072 | ) |  | 2001
CBL Center II, Chattanooga, TN |  | — |  |  | 22 |  |  | 13,648 |  |  | 1,898 |  |  | — |  |  | 358 |  |  | 15,210 |  |  | 15,568 |  |  | (5,598 | ) |  | 2008
CoolSprings Crossing, Nashville, TN |  | — |  |  | 2,803 |  |  | 14,985 |  |  | 5,935 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,554 |  |  | 20,169 |  |  | 23,723 |  |  | (13,836 | ) |  | 1991-1993
Courtyard at Hickory Hollow, Nashville, TN | — |  |  | 3,314 |  |  | 2,771 |  |  | 397 |  |  | (231 | ) |  | 1,500 |  |  | 4,751 |  |  | 6,251 |  |  | (1,298 | ) |  | 1998
The Forum at Grandview, Madison, MS |  | — |  |  | 9,234 |  |  | 17,285 |  |  | 21,475 |  |  | (931 | ) |  | 8,405 |  |  | 38,658 |  |  | 47,063 |  |  | (6,626 | ) |  | 2010
Frontier Square, Cheyenne, WY |  | — |  |  | 346 |  |  | 684 |  |  | 434 |  |  | (86 | ) |  | 260 |  |  | 1,118 |  |  | 1,378 |  |  | (776 | ) |  | 1985
Gunbarrel Pointe, Chattanooga, TN |  | — |  |  | 4,170 |  |  | 10,874 |  |  | 3,787 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,170 |  |  | 14,661 |  |  | 18,831 |  |  | (6,848 | ) |  | 2000
Hamilton Corner, Chattanooga, TN |  | — |  |  | 630 |  |  | 5,532 |  |  | 8,319 |  |  | — |  |  | 734 |  |  | 13,747 |  |  | 14,481 |  |  | (7,804 | ) |  | 1986-1987
Hamilton Crossing, Chattanooga, TN |  | 8,821 |  |  | 4,014 |  |  | 5,906 |  |  | 7,010 |  |  | (1,370 | ) |  | 2,644 |  |  | 12,916 |  |  | 15,560 |  |  | (7,643 | ) |  | 1987
Harford Annex, Bel Air, MD |  | — |  |  | 2,854 |  |  | 9,718 |  |  | 1,357 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,854 |  |  | 11,075 |  |  | 13,929 |  |  | (4,348 | ) |  | 2003
The Landing at Arbor Place, Atlanta (Douglasville), GA |  | — |  |  | 7,238 |  |  | 14,330 |  |  | 3,583 |  |  | (2,242 | ) |  | 4,996 |  |  | 17,913 |  |  | 22,909 |  |  | (10,573 | ) |  | 1998-1999
Layton Hills Convenience Center, Layton, UT | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | 5,892 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,795 |  |  | 3,105 |  |  | 5,900 |  |  | (1,728 | ) |  | 2005
Layton Hills Plaza, Layton, UT |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1,001 |  |  | — |  |  | 673 |  |  | 330 |  |  | 1,003 |  |  | (234 | ) |  | 2005
Parkdale Crossing, Beaumont, TX |  | — |  |  | 2,994 |  |  | 7,408 |  |  | 2,124 |  |  | (355 | ) |  | 2,639 |  |  | 9,532 |  |  | 12,171 |  |  | (3,906 | ) |  | 2002
Pearland Hotel, Pearland, TX |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16,149 |  |  | 2,301 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,450 |  |  | 18,450 |  |  | (5,804 | ) |  | 2008
Pearland Office, Pearland, TX |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,849 |  |  | 2,751 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10,600 |  |  | 10,600 |  |  | (3,727 | ) |  | 2009
Pearland Residential Mgmt, Pearland, TX |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,666 |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,675 |  |  | 9,675 |  |  | (2,798 | ) |  | 2008
The Plaza at Fayette, Lexington, KY |  | — |  |  | 9,531 |  |  | 27,646 |  |  | 1,180 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,531 |  |  | 28,826 |  |  | 38,357 |  |  | (9,688 | ) |  | 2006
The Promenade, D'Iberville, MS |  | — |  |  | 16,278 |  |  | 48,806 |  |  | 25,474 |  |  | (706 | ) |  | 17,953 |  |  | 71,899 |  |  | 89,852 |  |  | (22,129 | ) |  | 2009
The Shoppes At Hamilton Place, Chattanooga, TN | — |  |  | 4,894 |  |  | 11,700 |  |  | 785 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,811 |  |  | 14,568 |  |  | 17,379 |  |  | (5,188 | ) |  | 2003
The Shoppes at St. Clair Square, Fairview Heights, IL |  | — |  |  | 8,250 |  |  | 23,623 |  |  | 552 |  |  | (5,044 | ) |  | 3,206 |  |  | 24,175 |  |  | 27,381 |  |  | (10,613 | ) |  | 2007
Sunrise Commons, Brownsville, TX |  | — |  |  | 1,013 |  |  | 7,525 |  |  | 2,520 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,013 |  |  | 10,045 |  |  | 11,058 |  |  | (4,239 | ) |  | 2003
The Terrace, Chattanooga, TN |  | 12,334 |  |  | 4,166 |  |  | 9,929 |  |  | 7,991 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,536 |  |  | 15,550 |  |  | 22,086 |  |  | (6,915 | ) |  | 1997

152

Schedule III
CBL & ASSOCIATES PROPERTIES, INC.
CBL & ASSOCIATES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
REAL ESTATE ASSETS AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
At December 31, 2018
(In thousands)

|  |  |  | Initial Cost (1) |  |  |  |  |  | Gross Amounts at Which Carried at Close of Period |  |
Description /Location |  | Encumbrances (2) |  | Land |  | Buildings and Improvements |  | Costs Capitalized Subsequent to Acquisition |  | Sales of Outparcel Land |  | Land |  | Buildings and Improvements |  | Total (3) |  | Accumulated Depreciation (4) |  | Date of Construction / Acquisition
West Towne Crossing, Madison, WI |  | — |  |  | 1,784 |  |  | 2,955 |  |  | 12,159 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,759 |  |  | 14,139 |  |  | 16,898 |  |  | (4,994 | ) |  | 1998
WestGate Crossing, Spartanburg, SC |  | — |  |  | 1,082 |  |  | 3,422 |  |  | 8,274 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,082 |  |  | 11,696 |  |  | 12,778 |  |  | (5,621 | ) |  | 1997
Westmoreland Crossing, Greensburg, PA |  | — |  |  | 2,898 |  |  | 21,167 |  |  | 9,525 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,898 |  |  | 30,692 |  |  | 33,590 |  |  | (12,442 | ) |  | 2002
DISPOSITIONS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Chesterfield OP, St. Louis, MO |  | — |  |  | 524 |  |  | — |  |  | (524 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2017
Gulf Coast Dick's Sporting Goods, Ft. Myers, FL |  | — |  |  | 347 |  |  | 6,835 |  |  | (7,110 | ) |  | (72 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2005-2017
Janesville Mall, Janesville, WI |  | — |  |  | 8,074 |  |  | 26,009 |  |  | (34,083 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1998
Parkway Plaza, Fort Oglethorpe, GA |  | — |  |  | 2,675 |  |  | 13,435 |  |  | (16,110 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2015
Statesboro Crossing, Statesboro, GA |  | — |  |  | 2,855 |  |  | 17,805 |  |  | (20,660 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2008
Other |  | — |  |  | 19,248 |  |  | 4,002 |  |  | (640 | ) |  | — |  |  | 19,715 |  |  | 2,895 |  |  | 22,610 |  |  | (1,255 | ) |  |
Developments in progress consisting of construction and Development Properties |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 38,807 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 38,807 |  |  | 38,807 |  |  | — |  |  |
TOTALS |  | $ | 1,859,876 |  |  | $ | 816,810 |  |  | $ | 4,947,278 |  |  | $ | 1,555,488 |  |  | $ | (40,968 | ) |  | $ | 793,944 |  |  | $ | 6,484,664 |  |  | $ | 7,278,608 |  |  | $ | (2,493,082 | ) |  |

(1) | Initial cost represents the total cost capitalized including carrying cost at the end of the first fiscal year in which the Property opened or was acquired.

(2) | Encumbrances represent the face amount of the mortgage and other indebtedness balance at December 31, 2018, excluding debt premium or discount, if applicable.

(3) | The aggregate cost of land and buildings and improvements for federal income tax purposes is approximately $7.735 billion.

(4) | Depreciation for all Properties is computed over the useful life which is generally 40 years for buildings, 10-20 years for certain improvements and 7-10 years for equipment and fixtures.

153

Schedule III
CBL & ASSOCIATES PROPERTIES, INC.
CBL & ASSOCIATES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
REAL ESTATE ASSETS AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION
At December 31, 2018
(In thousands)
The changes in real estate assets and accumulated depreciation for the years ending December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 are set forth below (in thousands):

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
REAL ESTATE ASSETS: |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 7,621,930 |  |  | $ | 7,947,647 |  |  | $ | 8,240,521 |
Additions during the period: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Additions and improvements | 144,256 |  |  | 177,482 |  |  | 263,265 |
Acquisitions of real estate assets | 3,301 |  |  | 78,516 |  |  | — |
Deductions during the period: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Disposals, deconsolidations and accumulated depreciation on impairments | (305,813 | ) |  | (506,399 | ) |  | (435,331 | )
Transfers from real estate assets | (11,531 | ) |  | (3,915 | ) |  | (3,986 | )
Impairment of real estate assets | (173,535 | ) |  | (71,401 | ) |  | (116,822 | )
Balance at end of period | $ | 7,278,608 |  |  | $ | 7,621,930 |  |  | $ | 7,947,647 |
ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 2,465,095 |  |  | $ | 2,427,108 |  |  | $ | 2,382,568 |
Depreciation expense | 261,838 |  |  | 272,945 |  |  | 272,697 |
Accumulated depreciation on real estate assets sold, retired, deconsolidated or impaired | (233,851 | ) |  | (234,958 | ) |  | (228,157 | )
Balance at end of period | $ | 2,493,082 |  |  | $ | 2,465,095 |  |  | $ | 2,427,108 |

154

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Schedule IV |
CBL & ASSOCIATES PROPERTIES, INC. CBL & ASSOCIATES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP MORTGAGE NOTES RECEIVABLE ON REAL ESTATE At December 31, 2018 (In thousands)
Name Of Center/Location |  | Interest Rate |  | Final Maturity Date |  | Monthly Payment Amount (1) |  | Balloon Payment At Maturity |  | Prior Liens |  | Face Amount Of Mortgage |  | Carrying Amount Of Mortgage (2) |  | Principal Amount Of Mortgage Subject To Delinquent Principal Or Interest
FIRST MORTGAGES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Columbia Place Outparcel |  | 5.00% |  | Feb-2022 |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 210 |  |  | None |  | $ | 360 |  |  | $ | 283 |  |  | $ | — |
One Park Place - Chattanooga, TN |  | 5.00% |  | May-2022 |  | 21 |  |  | — |  |  | None |  | 3,200 |  |  | 783 |  |  | — |
Village Square - Houghton Lake, MI |  | 4.00% |  | Dec-2018 | (3) | 10 |  |  | 1,295 |  |  | None |  | 2,627 |  |  | 1,308 |  |  | — |
Other |  | 5.01% - 9.50% | (4) | Dec-2016 / Jan-2047 | (5) | 2 |  |  | 2,534 |  |  |  |  | 2,597 |  |  | 2,510 |  |  | 1,100 |
|  |  |  |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 4,039 |  |  |  |  | $ | 8,784 |  |  | $ | 4,884 |  |  | $ | 1,100 |

(1) | Equal monthly installments comprised of principal and interest, unless otherwise noted.

(2) | The aggregate carrying value for federal income tax purposes was $4,884 at December 31, 2018.

(3) | The note was amended to extend the maturity date and restructure the monthly payment amount subsequent to December 31, 2018. See Note 20 to the consolidated financial statements for more information.

(4) | Mortgage notes receivable aggregated in Other include a variable-rate note that bears interest at prime plus 2.0%, currently at 7.50%, and a variable-rate note that bears interest at LIBOR plus 2.50%.

(5) | A $1,100 note for The Promenade at D'Iberville with a maturity date of December 2016 is in default at December 31, 2018. See Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements for additional information.

The changes in mortgage notes receivable were as follows (in thousands):

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Beginning balance | $ | 5,418 |  |  | $ | 5,680 |  |  | $ | 7,776 |
Additions | — |  |  | 1,802 |  |  | — |
Payments | (534 | ) |  | (2,064 | ) |  | (250 | )
Write-Offs (1) | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,846 | )
Ending balance | $ | 4,884 |  |  | $ | 5,418 |  |  | $ | 5,680 |

(1) | See Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements for more information.

155

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number |  | Description
3.1 |  | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as amended through May 6, 2016 (a)
3.2 |  | Third Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, as amended through June 22, 2018 (b)
4.1 |  | See Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company, as amended, and Third Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, as amended, relating to the Common Stock, Exhibits 3.1 and 3.2 above
4.2 |  | Certificate of Designations, dated June 25, 1998, relating to the 9.0% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (c)
4.3 |  | Certificate of Designation, dated April 30, 1999, relating to the Series 1999 Junior Participating Preferred Stock (c)
4.4 |  | Terms of Series J Special Common Units of the Operating Partnership, pursuant to Article 4.4 of the Second Amended and Restated Partnership Agreement of the Operating Partnership (c)
4.5 |  | Certificate of Designations, dated June 11, 2002, relating to the 8.75% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (d)
4.6 |  | Acknowledgment Regarding Issuance of Partnership Interests and Assumption of Partnership Agreement (e)
4.7 |  | Certificate of Designations, dated August 13, 2003, relating to the 7.75% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (f)
4.8 |  | Certificate of Correction of the Certificate of Designations relating to the 7.75% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (g)
4.9 |  | Certificate of Designations, dated December 10, 2004, relating to the 7.375% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (g)
4.9.1 |  | Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations, dated February 25, 2010, relating to the 7.375% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (h)
4.9.2 |  | Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Designations, dated October 14, 2010, relating to the 7.375% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (i)
4.10 |  | Certificate of Designations, dated October 1, 2012, relating to the 6.625% Series E Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (j)
4.11 |  | Terms of the Series S Special Common Units of the Operating Partnership, pursuant to the Third Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Partnership Agreement of the Operating Partnership (k)
4.12 |  | Terms of the Series L Special Common Units of the Operating Partnership, pursuant to the Fourth Amendment to the Second Amended and Restated Partnership Agreement of the Operating Partnership (l)
4.13 |  | Terms of the Series K Special Common Units of the Operating Partnership, pursuant to the First Amendment to the Third Amended and Restated Partnership Agreement of the Operating Partnership (m)
4.14.1 |  | Indenture dated as of November 26, 2013, among CBL & Associates Limited Partnership, CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association (n)
4.14.2 |  | First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of November 26, 2013, among CBL & Associates Limited Partnership, CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association (n)
4.14.3 |  | Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of December 13, 2016, among CBL & Associates Limited Partnership, CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association (o)
4.14.4 |  | Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of January 30, 2019, among CBL & Associates Limited Partnership, CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. and U.S. Bank National Association (p)
4.14.5 |  | Limited Guarantee, dated as of November 26, 2013, of CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. (n)
4.14.6 |  | Subsidiary Guarantee, dated as of January 30, 2019, among the Subsidiaries of CBL & Associates Limited Partnership (p)
4.14.7 |  | Global Note evidencing the 5.250% Senior Notes Due 2023 (n)
4.14.8 |  | Global Note evidencing the 4.60% Senior Notes Due 2024 (q)
4.14.9 |  | Global Note evidencing the 5.950% Senior Notes Due 2026 (o)

156

Exhibit Number |  | Description
4.14.10 |  | Global Note evidencing the additional offering of 5.950% Senior Notes Due 2026 (r)
10.1.1 |  | Fourth Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Operating Partnership, dated November 2, 2010 (s)
10.1.2 |  | Certificate of Designation, dated October 1, 2012, relating to the 6.625% Series E Cumulative Preferred Units (t)
10.2.1 |  | CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. 2012 Stock Incentive Plan† (u)
10.2.2 |  | Original Form of Stock Restriction Agreement for Restricted Stock Awards under CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. 2012 Stock Incentive Plan† (v)
10.2.3 |  | Form of Stock Restriction Agreement for Restricted Stock Awards under CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. 2012 Stock Incentive Plan (effective May 2013)† (w)*
10.2.4 |  | Amendment No. 1 to CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. 2012 Stock Incentive Plan† (x)
10.2.5 |  | Amendment No. 2 to CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. 2012 Stock Incentive Plan† (y)
10.2.6 |  | Form of Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement under CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. 2012 Stock Incentive Plan† (z)
10.2.7 |  | Form of Named Executive Officer Stock Restriction Agreement under CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. 2012 Stock Incentive Plan† (z)
10.2.8 |  | CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. Named Executive Officer Annual Incentive Compensation Plan (AIP) (Fiscal Year 2017)† (aa)
10.2.9 |  | CBL & Associates, Properties, Inc. Named Executive Officer Annual Incentive Compensation Plan (AIP) (Fiscal Year 2018)† (bb)
10.2.10 |  | CBL & Associates, Properties, Inc. Named Executive Officer Annual Incentive Compensation Plan (AIP) (Fiscal Year 2019)† (cc)
10.2.11 |  | Revised Form of Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement Under CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. 2012 Stock Incentive Plan† (bb)
10.2.12 |  | Revised Form of Named Executive Officer Stock Restriction Agreement Under CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. 2012 Stock Incentive Plan† (bb)
10.2.13 |  | Retirement and General Release Agreement, dated September 27, 2018, between the Company and Gus Stephas† (kk)
10.3.1 |  | Form of Indemnification Agreements between the Company and the Management Company and their officers and directors, for agreements executed prior to 2013 (dd)
10.3.2 |  | Form of Indemnification Agreements between the Company and the Management Company and their officers and directors, for agreements executed in 2013 and subsequent years (x)
10.4.1 |  | Employment Agreement for Charles B. Lebovitz† (ee)
10.4.2 |  | Employment Agreement for Stephen D. Lebovitz† (ee)
10.4.3 |  | Summary Description of CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. Director Compensation Arrangements† (a)
10.4.4 |  | CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. Tier III Post-65 Retiree Program† (ff)
10.5 |  | Option Agreement relating to Outparcels (ee)
10.6 |  | Share Ownership Agreement by and among the Company and its related parties and the Jacobs entities, dated as of January 31, 2001 (gg)
10.7 |  | Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of JG Gulf Coast Town Center LLC by and between JG Gulf Coast Member LLC, an Ohio limited liability company and CBL/Gulf Coast, LLC, a Florida limited liability company, dated April 27, 2005 (l)
10.8.1 |  | Contribution Agreement and Joint Escrow Instructions between the Company and the owners of Oak Park Mall named therein, dated as of October 17, 2005 (m)
10.8.2 |  | First Amendment to Contribution Agreement and Joint Escrow Instructions between the Company and the owners of Oak Park Mall named therein, dated as of November 8, 2005 (m)
10.8.3 |  | Contribution Agreement and Joint Escrow Instructions between the Company and the owners of Eastland Mall named therein, dated as of October 17, 2005 (m)
10.8.4 |  | First Amendment to Contribution Agreement and Joint Escrow Instructions between the Company and the owners of Eastland Mall named therein, dated as of November 8, 2005 (m)

157

Exhibit Number |  | Description
10.8.5 |  | Purchase and Sale Agreement and Joint Escrow Instructions between the Company and the owners of Hickory Point Mall named therein, dated as of October 17, 2005 (m)
10.8.6 |  | Purchase and Sale Agreement and Joint Escrow Instructions between the Company and the owner of Eastland Medical Building, dated as of October 17, 2005 (m)
10.8.7 |  | Letter Agreement, dated as of October 17, 2005, between the Company and the other parties to the acquisition agreements listed above for Oak Park Mall, Eastland Mall, Hickory Point Mall and Eastland Medical Building (m)
10.9.1 |  | Master Transaction Agreement by and among REJ Realty LLC, JG Realty Investors Corp., JG Manager LLC, JG North Raleigh L.L.C., JG Triangle Peripheral South LLC, and the Operating Partnership, effective October 24, 2005 (hh)
10.9.2 |  | Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of Triangle Town Member, LLC by and among CBL Triangle Town Member, LLC and REJ Realty LLC, JG Realty Investors Corp. and JG Manager LLC, effective as of November 16, 2005 (hh)
10.10.1 |  | Controlled Equity Offering SM Sales Agreement, dated March 1, 2013, by and between CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. and Cantor Fitzgerald & Co. (ii)
10.10.2 |  | Controlled Equity Offering SM Sales Agreement, dated March 1, 2013, by and between CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. and J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (ii)
10.10.3 |  | Controlled Equity Offering SM Sales Agreement, dated March 1, 2013, by and between CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. and KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc. (ii)
10.10.4 |  | Controlled Equity Offering SM Sales Agreement, dated March 1, 2013, by and between CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. and RBC Capital Markets, LLC (ii)
10.10.5 |  | Controlled Equity Offering SM Sales Agreement, dated March 1, 2013, by and between CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC (ii)
10.11.1 |  | Credit Agreement by and among the Operating Partnership and the Company, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, et. al., dated January 30, 2019 (jj)
21 |  | Subsidiaries of CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. and CBL & Associates Limited Partnership
23.1 |  | Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP (for the Company)
23.2 |  | Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP (for the Operating Partnership)
24 |  | Power of Attorney
31.1 |  | Certification pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) by the Chief Executive Officer, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for CBL & Associates Properties, Inc.
31.2 |  | Certification pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) by the Chief Financial Officer, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for CBL & Associates Properties, Inc.
31.3 |  | Certification pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) by the Chief Executive Officer, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for CBL & Associates Limited Partnership
31.4 |  | Certification pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) by the Chief Financial Officer, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for CBL & Associates Limited Partnership
32.1 |  | Certification pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(b) by the Chief Executive Officer, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for CBL & Associates Properties, Inc.
32.2 |  | Certification pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(b) by the Chief Financial Officer as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for CBL & Associates Properties, Inc.
32.3 |  | Certification pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(b) by the Chief Executive Officer, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for CBL & Associates Limited Partnership
32.4 |  | Certification pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(b) by the Chief Financial Officer as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for CBL & Associates Limited Partnership

158

Exhibit Number |  | Description
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF |  | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

(a) | Incorporated by reference from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016.**

(b) | Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for the quarter ended June 30, 2018.**

(c) | Incorporated by reference from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2001.*

(d) | Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated June 10, 2002, filed on June 17, 2002.*

(e) | Incorporated by reference from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2002.*

(f) | Incorporated by reference from the Company's Registration Statement on Form 8-A, filed on August 21, 2003.*

(g) | Incorporated by reference from the Company's Registration Statement on Form 8-A, filed on December 10, 2004.*

(h) | Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on March 1, 2010.*

(i) | Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on October 18, 2010.*

(j) | Incorporated by reference from the Company's Registration Statement on Form 8-A, filed on October 1, 2012.*

(k) | Incorporated by reference from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2004.*

(l) | Incorporated by reference from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for the quarter ended June 30, 2005.*

(m) | Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on November 22, 2005.*

(n) | Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, dated and filed on November 26, 2013.**

(o) | Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 13, 2016.**

(p) | Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 2, 2019.**

(q) | Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 8, 2014.**

(r) | Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on September 1, 2017.**

(s) | Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on November 5, 2010.*

(t) | Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on October 5, 2012.*

(u) | Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on May 10, 2012.*

(v) | Incorporated by reference from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2012.*

(w) | Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on May 17, 2013.*

159

(x) | Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013.**

(y) | Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on May 12, 2017.*

(z) | Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on March 27, 2015.**

(aa) | Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 13, 2017.**

(bb) | Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 16, 2018.**

(cc) | Incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 15, 2019.**

(dd) | Incorporated by reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-11 (No. 33-67372), as filed with the Commission on October 5, 1993. Exhibit originally filed in paper format and as such, a hyperlink is not available.*

(ee) | Incorporated by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 1 to the Company's Registration Statement on Form S-11 (No. 33-67372), as filed with the Commission on January 27, 1994. Exhibit originally filed in paper format and as such, a hyperlink is not available.*

(ff) | Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on November 9, 2012.*

(gg) | Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 6, 2001*

(hh) | Incorporated by reference from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2005.*

(ii) | Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on March 1, 2013.*

(jj) | Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K/A, filed on February 28, 2019.**

(kk) | Incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on October 3, 2018.**

† | A management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be filed pursuant to Item 15(b) of this report.

* Commission File No. 1-12494
** Commission File No. 1-12494 and 333-182515-01
160

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

CBL & ASSOCIATES PROPERTIES, INC.
(Registrant)
By: | /s/ Farzana Khaleel
| Farzana Khaleel
| Executive Vice President - Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

Dated: March 1, 2019
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature |  | Title | Date
/s/ Charles B. Lebovitz | Chairman of the Board | March 1, 2019
Charles B. Lebovitz
/s/ Stephen D. Lebovitz | Director and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) | March 1, 2019
Stephen D. Lebovitz
/s/ Farzana Khaleel | Executive Vice President - Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | March 1, 2019
Farzana Khaleel
/s/ A. Larry Chapman* | Director | March 1, 2019
A. Larry Chapman |
/s/ Matthew S. Dominski* | Director | March 1, 2019
Matthew S. Dominski |
/s/ John D. Griffith* | Director | March 1, 2019
John D. Griffith
/s/ Richard J. Lieb* | Director | March 1, 2019
Richard J. Lieb
/s/ Kathleen M. Nelson* | Director | March 1, 2019
Kathleen M. Nelson
*By: /s/ Farzana Khaleel | Attorney-in-Fact | March 1, 2019
Farzana Khaleel

161

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

CBL & ASSOCIATES LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
(Registrant)
By: CBL HOLDINGS I, INC., its general partner
By: | /s/ Farzana Khaleel
| Farzana Khaleel
| Executive Vice President - Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

Dated: March 1, 2019
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature |  | Title | Date
/s/ Charles B. Lebovitz | Chairman of the Board of CBL Holdings I, Inc., general partner of the Registrant | March 1, 2019
Charles B. Lebovitz
/s/ Stephen D. Lebovitz | Director and Chief Executive Officer of CBL Holdings I, Inc., general partner of the Registrant (Principal Executive Officer) | March 1, 2019
Stephen D. Lebovitz
/s/ Farzana Khaleel | Executive Vice President - Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of CBL Holdings, I, Inc., general partner of the Registrant (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) | March 1, 2019
Farzana Khaleel

162