Fair Value Measurements

The Company has categorized its financial assets and financial liabilities that are recorded at fair value into a hierarchy in accordance with ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosure, ("ASC 820") based on whether the inputs to valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. The fair value hierarchy contains three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value as follows:


Level 1 –	Inputs represent quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities as of the measurement date.


Level 2 –	Inputs, other than those included in Level 1, represent observable measurements for similar instruments in active markets, or identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and observable measurements or market data for instruments with substantially the full term of the asset or liability.


Level 3 –	Inputs represent unobservable measurements, supported by little, if any, market activity, and require considerable assumptions that are significant to the fair value of the asset or liability. Market valuations must often be determined using discounted cash flow methodologies, pricing models or similar techniques based on the Company’s assumptions and best judgment.

The asset or liability's fair value within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Under ASC 820, fair value measurements are determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability in an orderly transaction at the measurement date and under current market conditions. Valuation techniques used maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs and consider assumptions such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions and risk of nonperformance.

Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis

The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are reasonable estimates of their fair values because of the short-term nature of these financial instruments. Based on the interest rates for similar financial instruments, the carrying value of mortgage and other notes receivable is a reasonable estimate of fair value. The estimated fair value of mortgage and other indebtedness was $3,556,573 and $3,740,431 at March 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. The fair value was calculated using Level 2 inputs by discounting future cash flows for mortgage and other indebtedness using estimated market rates at which similar loans would be made currently.

Fair Value Measurements on a Nonrecurring Basis

The Company measures the fair value of certain long-lived assets on a nonrecurring basis, through quarterly impairment testing or when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. The Company considers both quantitative and qualitative factors in its impairment analysis of long-lived assets. Significant quantitative factors include historical and forecasted information for each property such as net operating income ("NOI"), occupancy statistics and sales levels. Significant qualitative factors used include market conditions, age and condition of the property and tenant mix. Due to the significant unobservable estimates and assumptions used in the valuation of long-lived assets that experience impairment, the Company classifies such long-lived assets under Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Level 3 inputs primarily consist of sales and market data, independent valuations and discounted cash flow models.

Long-lived Assets Measured at Fair Value in 2019

The following table sets forth information regarding the Company's assets that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and related impairment charges for the three months ended March 31, 2019:



			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total Loss on Impairment
Long-lived assets	$	70,800	$	—	$	—	$	70,800	$	24,825

During the three months ended March 31, 2019, the Company recognized an impairment total of $25,054 related to two malls.



Impairment Date	Property	Location	Segment Classification	Loss on Impairment			Fair Value
January/March	Other adjustments ⁽¹⁾	Various	Malls	(229		)	$	—
March	Greenbrier Mall ⁽²⁾	Chesapeake, VA	Malls	22,770			$	56,300
March	Honey Creek Mall ⁽³⁾	Terre Haute, IN	Malls	2,284			14,500
				$	24,825		$	70,800


(1)	Relates to closing costs incurred for the sale of properties during the three months ended March 31, 2019, that were impaired in prior periods.

(2)

In accordance with the Company's quarterly impairment process, the Company wrote down the book value of the mall to its estimated fair value of $56,300. The mall has experienced a decline of NOI due to store closures and rent reductions. Additionally, one anchor was vacant as of March 31, 2019. Management determined the fair value of Greenbrier Mall using a discounted cash flow methodology. The discounted cash flow used assumptions including a holding period of ten years, with a sale at the end of the holding period, a capitalization rate of 11.0% and a discount rate 11.5%.


(3)	The Company adjusted the book value of the mall to the net sales price of $14,500 based on a signed contract with a third party buyer, adjusted to reflect estimated disposition costs.

Long-lived Assets Measured at Fair Value in 2018

The following table sets forth information regarding the Company's assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and related impairment charges for the three months ended March 31, 2018:



			Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Total Loss on Impairment
Long-lived assets	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	18,061

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company recognized an impairment of real estate of $18,061 related to one mall:

Impairment Date

Property

Location

Segment

Classification

Loss on

Impairment

Fair

Value

March

Janesville Mall ⁽¹⁾

Janesville, WI

Malls

18,061

—

⁽²⁾


(1)	The Company adjusted the book value of the mall to the net sales price of $17,640 in a signed contract with a third party buyer, adjusted to reflect estimated disposition costs. The mall was sold in July 2018. See Note 6 for additional information.


(2)	The long-lived asset was not included in the Company's consolidated balance sheets at December 31, 2018 as the Company no longer had an interest in the property.