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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED MARCH 31, 2025

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM ____________ TO _______________

COMMISSION FILE NO. 1-12494 (CBL & ASSOCIATES PROPERTIES, INC.)

CBL & ASSOCIATES PROPERTIES, INC.

(Exact Name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 62-1545718
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

2030 Hamilton Place Blvd., Suite 500, Chattanooga, TN 37421-6000

(Address of principal executive office, including zip code)

423-855-0001

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered under Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each Class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $0.001 par value |  | CBL |  | New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

|  | Yes | ☒ | No | ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

|  | Yes | ☒ | No | ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Accelerated filer | ☒
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐
Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

|  | Yes ☐ | No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed all documents and reports required to be filed by Section 12, 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 subsequent to the distribution of securities under a plan confirmed by a court.

|  | Yes ☒ | No ☐

As of April 30, 2025, 30,935,677 shares of common stock were outstanding, excluding 34 treasury shares.

CBL & Associates Properties, Inc.

Table of Contents

PART I | FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 1
Item 1. | Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 1
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 | 1
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31. 2025 and 2024 | 2
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 | 5
| Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 6
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 20
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 33
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 33
PART II | OTHER INFORMATION | 34
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 34
Item1A. | Risk Factors | 34
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 34
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 34
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 34
Item 5. | Other Information | 34
Item 6. | Exhibits | 35
| SIGNATURES | 36

PART I – FINANCI AL INFORMATION

ITEM 1: Condensed Consolidated Finan cial Statements (Unaudited)

CBL & Associates Properties, Inc.

Condensed Consolida ted Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

|  | March 31, |  |  | December 31, |
ASSETS (1) |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Real estate assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Land |  | $ | 592,056 |  |  | $ | 588,153 |
Buildings and improvements |  |  | 1,512,377 |  |  |  | 1,505,232 |
|  |  | 2,104,433 |  |  |  | 2,093,385 |
Accumulated depreciation |  |  | (303,946 | ) |  |  | (283,785 | )
|  |  | 1,800,487 |  |  |  | 1,809,600 |
Held-for-sale |  |  | — |  |  |  | 56,075 |
Developments in progress |  |  | 6,381 |  |  |  | 5,817 |
Net investment in real estate assets |  |  | 1,806,868 |  |  |  | 1,871,492 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 29,822 |  |  |  | 40,791 |
Restricted cash |  |  | 93,325 |  |  |  | 112,938 |
Available-for-sale securities - at fair value (amortized cost of $246,216 and $242,881 as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively) |  |  | 246,290 |  |  |  | 243,148 |
Receivables: |  |  |  |  |  |
Tenant |  |  | 37,876 |  |  |  | 45,594 |
Other |  |  | 2,618 |  |  |  | 2,356 |
Investments in unconsolidated affiliates |  |  | 84,121 |  |  |  | 83,465 |
In-place leases, net |  |  | 167,852 |  |  |  | 186,561 |
Intangible lease assets and other assets |  |  | 155,742 |  |  |  | 160,846 |
|  | $ | 2,624,514 |  |  | $ | 2,747,191 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage and other indebtedness, net |  | $ | 2,150,562 |  |  | $ | 2,212,680 |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |  |  | 190,190 |  |  |  | 221,647 |
Total liabilities (1) |  |  | 2,340,752 |  |  |  | 2,434,327 |
Shareholders' equity: |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock, $.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 30,935,677 and 30,711,227 issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively (in each case, excluding 34 treasury shares) |  | 31 |  |  |  | 31 |
Additional paid-in capital |  |  | 694,855 |  |  |  | 694,566 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income |  |  | 307 |  |  |  | 782 |
Accumulated deficit |  |  | (400,167 | ) |  |  | (371,833 | )
Total shareholders' equity |  |  | 295,026 |  |  |  | 323,546 |
Noncontrolling interests |  |  | (11,264 | ) |  |  | (10,682 | )
Total equity |  |  | 283,762 |  |  |  | 312,864 |
|  | $ | 2,624,514 |  |  | $ | 2,747,191 |

(1)
As of March 31, 2025, includes $168,625 of assets related to consolidated variable interest entities that can be used only to settle obligations of the consolidated variable interest entities and $208,932 of liabilities of consolidated variable interest entities for which creditors do not have recourse to the general credit of the Company. See Note 8.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated statements.

1

CBL & Associates Properties, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated S tatements of Operations

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
REVENUES: |  |  |  |  |  |
Rental revenues |  | $ | 137,360 |  |  | $ | 124,027 |
Management, development and leasing fees |  |  | 1,317 |  |  |  | 1,905 |
Other |  |  | 3,091 |  |  |  | 3,185 |
Total revenues |  |  | 141,768 |  |  |  | 129,117 |
EXPENSES: |  |  |  |  |  |
Property operating |  |  | (25,878 | ) |  |  | (23,827 | )
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | (45,541 | ) |  |  | (38,040 | )
Real estate taxes |  |  | (15,731 | ) |  |  | (9,269 | )
Maintenance and repairs |  |  | (13,466 | ) |  |  | (9,938 | )
General and administrative |  |  | (20,707 | ) |  |  | (20,414 | )
Loss on impairment |  |  | — |  |  |  | (836 | )
Litigation settlement |  |  | — |  |  |  | 68 |
Total expenses |  |  | (121,323 | ) |  |  | (102,256 | )
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSES): |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest and other income |  |  | 3,468 |  |  |  | 4,004 |
Interest expense |  |  | (44,225 | ) |  |  | (39,812 | )
Loss on extinguishment of debt |  |  | (217 | ) |  |  | — |
Gain on sales of real estate assets |  |  | 21,532 |  |  |  | 3,721 |
Income tax benefit |  |  | 471 |  |  |  | 158 |
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates |  |  | 6,913 |  |  |  | 4,594 |
Total other expenses, net |  |  | (12,058 | ) |  |  | (27,335 | )
Net income (loss) |  |  | 8,387 |  |  |  | (474 | )
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in: |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Partnership |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | — |
Other consolidated subsidiaries |  |  | 408 |  |  |  | 524 |
Net income attributable to the Company |  |  | 8,789 |  |  |  | 50 |
Earnings allocable to unvested restricted stock |  |  | (577 | ) |  |  | (259 | )
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders |  | $ | 8,212 |  |  | $ | (209 | )
Basic and diluted per share data attributable to common shareholders: |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per share |  | $ | 0.27 |  |  | $ | (0.01 | )
Diluted earnings per share |  |  | 0.27 |  |  |  | (0.01 | )
Weighted-average basic shares |  |  | 30,419 |  |  |  | 31,546 |
Weighted-average diluted shares |  |  | 30,709 |  |  |  | 31,546 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated statements.

2

CBL & Associates Properties, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated State ments of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(In thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

|  |  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net income (loss) |  |  | $ | 8,387 |  |  | $ | (474 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized (loss) gain on interest rate swap |  |  |  | (281 | ) |  |  | 462 |
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities |  |  |  | (194 | ) |  |  | (346 | )
Total other comprehensive (loss) income |  |  |  | (475 | ) |  |  | 116 |
Comprehensive income (loss) |  |  |  | 7,912 |  |  |  | (358 | )
Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating Partnership |  |  |  | (6 | ) |  |  | — |
Other consolidated subsidiaries |  |  |  | 408 |  |  |  | 524 |
Comprehensive income attributable to the Company |  |  |  | 8,314 |  |  |  | 166 |
Earnings allocable to unvested restricted stock |  |  |  | (577 | ) |  |  | (259 | )
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common shareholders |  |  | $ | 7,737 |  |  | $ | (93 | )

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated statements.

3

CBL & Associates Properties, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity

(In thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)

|  | Equity |
|  | Shareholders' Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income |  |  | Accumulated Deficit |  |  | Total Shareholders' Equity |  |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  |  | Total Equity |
Balance, December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 719,125 |  |  | $ | 610 |  |  | $ | (380,446 | ) |  | $ | 339,321 |  |  | $ | (8,704 | ) |  | $ | 330,617 |
Net income (loss) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | 50 |  |  |  | (524 | ) |  |  | (474 | )
Other comprehensive income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 116 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 116 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 116 |
Dividends declared - common stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (12,870 | ) |  |  | (12,870 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (12,870 | )
Issuance of 145,352 shares of restricted common stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Issuance of 164,837 share of common stock associated with performance stock units, net of shares withheld for tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | (769 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (769 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (769 | )
Distributions to noncontrolling interests |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (133 | ) |  |  | (133 | )
Amortization of deferred compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,012 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,012 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,012 |
Compensation expense related to performance stock units |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,667 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,667 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,667 |
Cancellation of 12,484 shares of restricted common stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | (292 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (292 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (292 | )
Repurchase of 239,411 shares of common stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5,037 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5,037 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5,037 | )
Contributions from noncontrolling interests |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13 |  |  |  | 13 |
Balance, March 31, 2024 |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 716,706 |  |  | $ | 726 |  |  | $ | (393,266 | ) |  | $ | 324,198 |  |  | $ | (9,348 | ) |  | $ | 314,850 |

|  | Equity |
|  | Shareholders' Equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | Common Stock |  |  | Additional Paid-in Capital |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  |  | Accumulated Deficit |  |  | Total Shareholders' Equity |  |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  |  | Total Equity |
Balance, December 31, 2024 |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 694,566 |  |  | $ | 782 |  |  | $ | (371,833 | ) |  | $ | 323,546 |  |  | $ | (10,682 | ) |  | $ | 312,864 |
Net income (loss) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 8,789 |  |  |  | 8,789 |  |  |  | (402 | ) |  |  | 8,387 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (475 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (475 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (475 | )
Dividends declared - common stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (37,123 | ) |  |  | (37,123 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (37,123 | )
Issuance of 132,466 shares of restricted common stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Issuance of 128,368 shares of common stock associated with performance stock units, net of shares withheld for tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,548 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,548 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,548 | )
Distributions to noncontrolling interests |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (183 | ) |  |  | (183 | )
Amortization of deferred compensation |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,156 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,156 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,156 |
Compensation expense related to performance stock units |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,834 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,834 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1,834 |
Cancellation of 36,384 shares of restricted common stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,150 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,150 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1,150 | )
Adjustment for noncontrolling interests |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (3 | ) |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | — |
Balance, March 31, 2025 |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 694,855 |  |  | $ | 307 |  |  | $ | (400,167 | ) |  | $ | 295,026 |  |  | $ | (11,264 | ) |  | $ | 283,762 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated statements.

4

CBL & Associates Properties, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated S tatements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 8,387 |  |  | $ | (474 | )
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 45,541 |  |  |  | 38,040 |
Net amortization of deferred financing costs, discounts on available-for-sale securities and debt discounts |  |  | 7,647 |  |  |  | 2,459 |
Net amortization of intangible lease assets and liabilities |  |  | 3,704 |  |  |  | 3,449 |
Gain on sales of real estate assets |  |  | (21,532 | ) |  |  | (3,721 | )
Gain on insurance proceeds |  |  | (65 | ) |  |  | — |
Share-based compensation expense |  |  | 3,990 |  |  |  | 3,679 |
Loss on impairment |  |  | — |  |  |  | 836 |
Loss on extinguishment of debt |  |  | 217 |  |  |  | — |
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates |  |  | (6,913 | ) |  |  | (4,594 | )
Distributions of earnings from unconsolidated affiliates |  |  | 4,535 |  |  |  | 3,692 |
Change in estimate of uncollectable revenues |  |  | 559 |  |  |  | 1,522 |
Change in deferred tax accounts |  |  | 2,575 |  |  |  | 1,331 |
Changes in: |  |  |  |  |  |
Tenant and other receivables |  |  | 8,346 |  |  |  | (356 | )
Other assets |  |  | (7,015 | ) |  |  | (4,295 | )
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |  |  | (18,297 | ) |  |  | (10,830 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 31,679 |  |  |  | 30,738 |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |
Additions to real estate assets |  |  | (13,210 | ) |  |  | (6,846 | )
Acquisitions of real estate assets |  |  | (6,158 | ) |  |  | — |
Net proceeds from sales of real estate assets |  |  | 71,509 |  |  |  | 6,746 |
Purchases of available-for-sale securities |  |  | (54,773 | ) |  |  | (48,600 | )
Redemptions of available-for-sale securities |  |  | 52,880 |  |  |  | 76,445 |
Additional investments in and advances to unconsolidated affiliates |  |  | (164 | ) |  |  | (859 | )
Distributions in excess of equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates |  |  | 1,933 |  |  |  | 494 |
Changes in other assets |  |  | (569 | ) |  |  | (576 | )
Net cash provided by investing activities |  |  | 51,448 |  |  |  | 26,804 |
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |
Principal payments on mortgage and other indebtedness |  |  | (72,779 | ) |  |  | (34,272 | )
Repurchases of common stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | (5,037 | )
Contributions from noncontrolling interests |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13 |
Payment of tax withholdings for restricted stock awards and performance stock units |  |  | (3,698 | ) |  |  | (1,062 | )
Distributions to noncontrolling interests |  |  | (184 | ) |  |  | (133 | )
Dividends paid to common shareholders |  |  | (37,123 | ) |  |  | (12,870 | )
Net cash used in financing activities |  |  | (113,784 | ) |  |  | (53,361 | )
NET CHANGE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH |  |  | (30,657 | ) |  |  | 4,181 |
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH, beginning of period |  |  | 153,804 |  |  |  | 123,076 |
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH, end of period |  | $ | 123,147 |  |  | $ | 127,257 |
Reconciliation from condensed consolidated statements of cash flows to condensed consolidated balance sheets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 29,822 |  |  | $ | 60,311 |
Restricted cash: |  |  |  |  |  |
Restricted cash |  |  | 34,137 |  |  |  | 26,968 |
Mortgage escrows |  |  | 59,188 |  |  |  | 39,978 |
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH, end of period |  | $ | 123,147 |  |  | $ | 127,257 |
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for interest, net of amounts capitalized |  | $ | 34,382 |  |  | $ | 34,357 |

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated statements.

5

CBL & Associates Properties, Inc.

N otes to Unaudited Condensed Co nsolidated Financial Statements

(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

N ote 1 – Organization and Basis of Presentation

CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. (“CBL”), a Delaware corporation, is a self-managed, self-administered, fully integrated real estate investment trust (“REIT”) that is engaged in the ownership, development, acquisition, leasing, management and operation of regional shopping malls, outlet centers, lifestyle centers, open-air centers, office buildings and other properties, including single-tenant and multi-tenant parcels. Its properties are located in 20 states, but are primarily in the southeastern and midwestern United States.

CBL conducts substantially all its business through CBL & Associates Limited Partnership (the “Operating Partnership”), which is a variable interest entity ("VIE"). The Operating Partnership consolidates the financial statements of all entities in which it has a controlling financial interest or where it is the primary beneficiary of a VIE.

As of March 31, 2025, the Operating Partnership owned interests in the following properties:

|  | Malls |  |  | Outlet Centers |  |  | Lifestyle Centers |  |  | Open-Air Centers |  |  | Other (1)(2) |  |  | Total |
Consolidated Properties |  |  | 40 |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 68 |
Unconsolidated Properties (3) |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 3 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 1 |  |  |  | 16 |
Total |  |  | 43 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 4 |  |  |  | 27 |  |  |  | 5 |  |  |  | 84 |

(1)
Included in “All Other” for purposes of segment reporting.
(2)
CBL's two consolidated corporate office buildings are included in the Other category.
(3)
The Operating Partnership accounts for these investments using the equity method.

CBL is the 100% owner of two qualified REIT subsidiaries, CBL Holdings I, Inc. and CBL Holdings II, Inc. As of March 31, 2025, CBL Holdings I, Inc., the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership, own ed a 1.00% general partner interest in the Operating Partnership and CBL Holdings II, Inc. owned a 98.98% limited partner interest for a combined interest held by CBL of 99.98%. As of March 31, 2025, third parties owned a 0.02% limit ed partner interest in the Operating Partnership.

As used herein, the term "Company" includes CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. and its subsidiaries, including CBL & Associates Limited Partnership and its subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise. The term "Operating Partnership" refers to CBL & Associates Limited Partnership and its subsidiaries.

The Operating Partnership conducts the Company's property management and development activities through its wholly owned subsidiary, CBL & Associates Management, Inc. (the “Management Company"), to comply with certain requirements of the Internal Revenue Code.

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited; however, they have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in conjunction with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Accordingly, they do not include all the disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting solely of normal recurring matters) necessary for a fair presentation of the financial statements for these interim periods have been included. All intercompany transactions have been eliminated. The results for the interim period ended March 31, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be obtained for the full fiscal year.

Note 2 – Summary of Significant Acco unting Policies

Accounts Receivable

Receivables include amounts billed and currently due from tenants pursuant to lease agreements and receivables attributable to straight-line rents associated with those lease agreements. Individual leases where the collection of rents is in dispute are assessed for collectability based on management’s best estimate of collection considering the anticipated outcome of the dispute. Individual leases that are not in dispute are assessed for collectability and upon the determination that the collection of rents over the remaining lease term is not probable, accounts receivable is reduced as an adjustment to rental revenues. Revenue from leases where collection is deemed to be less than probable is recorded on a cash basis until collectability is determined to be probable. Further, management assesses whether operating lease receivables, at a portfolio level, are appropriately valued based upon an analysis of balances outstanding, historical collection levels and current economic trends. An allowance for the uncollectable portion of the portfolio is recorded as an adjustment to rental revenues.

6

Management’s collection assessment took into consideration the type of retailer, billing disputes, lease negotiation status and executed deferral or abatement agreements, as well as recent rent collection experience and tenant bankruptcies based on the best information available to management at the time of evaluation.

Note 3 – Revenues

Revenues

The following table presents the Company's revenues disaggregated by revenue source for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  |  | 2024 |
Rental revenues |  | $ | 137,360 |  |  |  | $ | 124,027 |
Revenues from contracts with customers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expense reimbursements (1) |  |  | 1,942 |  |  |  |  | 2,260 |
Management, development and leasing fees (2) |  |  | 1,317 |  |  |  |  | 1,905 |
Marketing revenues (3) |  |  | 351 |  |  |  |  | 404 |
|  |  | 3,610 |  |  |  |  | 4,569 |
Other revenues |  |  | 798 |  |  |  |  | 521 |
Total revenues (4) |  | $ | 141,768 |  |  |  | $ | 129,117 |

(1)
During the three months ended March 31, 2025, operating expense reimbursements consisted of $1,650 related to malls, $172 related to lifestyle centers, $78 related to open-air centers and $42 related to all other property types. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, operating expense reimbursements consisted of $1,882 related to malls, $165 related to lifestyle centers, $165 related to open-air centers and $48 related to all other property types.
(2)
Included in All Other segment.
(3)
During the three months ended March 31, 2025, marketing revenues consisted of $320 related to malls, $29 related to lifestyle centers and $2 related to outlet centers. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, marketing revenues consisted of $335 related to malls, $68 related to lifestyle centers and $1 related to outlet centers.
(4)
Sales taxes are excluded from revenues.

See Note 10 for information on the Company's segments.

Revenues from Contracts with Customers

Outstanding Performance Obligations

The Company has outstanding performance obligations related to certain noncancelable contracts with customers for which it will receive fixed operating expense reimbursements for providing certain maintenance and other services as described above. As of March 31, 2025, the Company expects to recognize these amounts as revenue over the following periods:

Performance obligation |  | Less than 5 years |  |  | 5-20 years |  |  | Over 20 years |  |  | Total |
Fixed operating expense reimbursements |  | $ | 20,931 |  |  | $ | 47,190 |  |  | $ | 39,053 |  |  | $ | 107,174 |

The Company evaluates its performance obligations each period and makes adjustments to reflect any known additions or cancellations. Performance obligations related to variable consideration, which is based on sales, are constrained.

Note 4 – Leases

The components of rental revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  |  | 2024 |
Fixed lease payments |  | $ | 117,521 |  |  |  | $ | 98,304 |
Variable lease payments |  |  | 19,839 |  |  |  |  | 25,723 |
Total rental revenues |  | $ | 137,360 |  |  |  | $ | 124,027 |

7

The undiscounted future fixed lease payments to be received under the Company's operating leases as of March 31, 2025, are as follows:

Years Ending December 31, |  |  |
2025 (1) |  | $ | 313,559 |
2026 |  |  | 334,461 |
2027 |  |  | 257,277 |
2028 |  |  | 189,257 |
2029 |  |  | 133,653 |
2030 |  |  | 83,837 |
Thereafter |  |  | 245,722 |
Total undiscounted lease payments |  | $ | 1,557,766 |

(1)
Reflects rental payments for the period April 1, 2025 to December 31, 2025.

Note 5 – Fair Va lue Measurements

The Company has categorized its financial assets and financial liabilities that are recorded at fair value into a hierarchy in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosure, ("ASC 820") based on whether the inputs to valuation techniques are observable or unobservable. The fair value hierarchy contains three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value as follows:

Level 1 – | Inputs represent quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities as of the measurement date.
Level 2 – | Inputs, other than those included in Level 1, represent observable measurements for similar instruments in active markets, or identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active, and observable measurements or market data for instruments with substantially the full term of the asset or liability.
Level 3 – | Inputs represent unobservable measurements, supported by little, if any, market activity, and require considerable assumptions that are significant to the fair value of the asset or liability. Market valuations must often be determined using discounted cash flow methodologies, pricing models or similar techniques based on the Company’s assumptions and best judgment.

The asset or liability's fair value within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Under ASC 820, fair value measurements are determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability in an orderly transaction at the measurement date and under current market conditions. Valuation techniques used maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs and consider assumptions such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions and risk of nonperformance.

The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, receivables, accounts payable and accrued liabilities are reasonable estimates of their fair values because of the short-term nature of these financial instruments. The estimated fair value of mortgage and other indebtedness was $2,054,771 and $2,110,154 as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The fair value of mortgage and other indebtedness was calculated using Level 2 inputs by discounting future cash flows for mortgage and other indebtedness using estimated market rates at which similar loans would be made currently.

Fair Value Measurements on a Recurring Basis

The Company uses interest rate swaps to manage its interest rate risk. The valuation of these instruments is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques, including discounted cash flow analysis on the expected cash flows. This analysis reflects the contractual terms of the interest rate swap, including the period to maturity, and uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves and implied volatilities. To comply with the provisions of ASC 820, the Company incorporates credit valuation adjustments to appropriately reflect both its own nonperformance risk and the respective counterparty’s nonperformance risk in the fair value measurements. In adjusting the fair value of the Company's derivative contracts for the effect of nonperformance risk, it has considered the impact of netting and any applicable credit enhancements, such as collateral postings, thresholds, mutual puts and guarantees. In accordance with ASU 2011-04, the FASB’s fair value measurement guidance, the Company made an accounting policy election to measure the credit risk of its derivative financial instruments that are subject to master netting agreements on a net basis by counterparty portfolio. Although the Company has determined that the majority of the inputs used to value its interest rate swap fall within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, the credit valuation adjustments associated with its interest rate swap utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by the Company and its counterparties. The Company has determined that the significance of the impact of the credit valuation adjustments made to its derivative contract, which determination was based on the fair value of the individual contract, was not significant

8

to the overall valuation. As a result, the Company's interest rate swap held as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024 was classified as Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The following table sets forth information regarding the Company's interest rate swap that was designated as a cash flow hedge of interest rate risk for the three months ended March 31, 2025. See Note 9 for more information.

|  |  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using |
Asset |  | Fair Value at March 31, 2025 |  |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3) |
Interest rate swap |  | $ | 233 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 233 |  |  | $ | — |

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company has continued to reinvest the cash from maturing U.S. Treasury securities into new U.S. Treasury securities. The Company designated the U.S. Treasury securities as available-for-sale (“AFS”). The table below sets forth information regarding the Company’s AFS securities that were measured at fair value for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and for the year ended December 31, 2024:

U.S. Treasury securities |  | March 31, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Amortized cost (1) |  | $ | 246,216 |  |  | $ | 242,881 |
Allowance for credit losses (2) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total unrealized gain |  |  | 74 |  |  |  | 267 |
Fair value (3) |  | $ | 246,290 |  |  | $ | 243,148 |

(1)
The U.S. Treasury securities held as of March 31, 2025 have maturities through March 2026.
(2)
U.S. Treasury securities have a long history with no credit losses. Additionally, the Company notes that U.S. Treasury securities are explicitly fully guaranteed by a sovereign entity that can print its own currency and that the sovereign entity’s currency is routinely held by central banks and other major financial institutions, is used in international commerce, and commonly viewed as a reserve currency, all of which qualitatively indicate that historical credit loss information should be minimally affected by current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Therefore, the Company did not record expected credit losses for its U.S. Treasury securities for the three months ended March 31, 2025, nor for the year ended December 31, 2024.
(3)
Fair value was calculated using Level 1 inputs.

Fair Value Measurements on a Nonrecurring Basis

The Company measures the fair value of certain long-lived assets on a nonrecurring basis, through quarterly impairment testing or when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may not be recoverable. The Company’s evaluation of the recoverability of long-lived assets involves the comparison of undiscounted future cash flows expected to be generated by each property over the Company’s expected remaining holding period to the respective carrying amount. The determination of whether the carrying value is recoverable also requires management to make estimates related to probability weighted scenarios impacting undiscounted cash flow models. The Company considers both quantitative and qualitative factors in its impairment analysis of long-lived assets. Significant quantitative factors include historical and forecasted information for each property such as net operating income, occupancy statistics and sales levels. Significant qualitative factors used include market conditions, age and condition of the property and tenant mix. The quantitative and qualitative factors impact the selection of the terminal capitalization rate which is used in both an undiscounted and discounted cash flow model and the discount rate used in a discounted cash flow model. Due to the significant unobservable estimates and assumptions used in the valuation of long-lived assets that experience impairment, the Company classifies such long-lived assets under Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. Level 3 inputs primarily consist of sales and market data, independent valuations and discounted cash flow models.

Long-lived Assets Measured at Fair Value in 2025

The Company did no t record loss on impairment for the three months e nded March 31, 2025.

Long-lived Assets Measured at Fair Value in 2024

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company sold an outparcel for less than its carrying value and recorded impairment of $836.

Note 6 - Acquisitions

The Company's acquisitions are accounted for as acquisitions of assets. The Company includes the results of operations of real estate assets acquired in the consolidated statements of operations from the date of the related acquisition.

9

2025 Acquisitions

In January 2025, the Company acquired four Macy's stores for $6,156, which included land, buildings and improvements, for future redevelopment at the respective properties.

Note 7 – Dispositio ns and Held-for-Sale

Dispositions

Based on its analysis, the Company determined that the dispositions described below do not meet the criteria for classification as discontinued operations and are not considered to be significant disposals based on its quantitative and qualitative evaluation. Thus, the results of operations of the properties described below, as well as any related gains or losses, are included in net income (loss) for all periods presented, as applicable.

2025 Dispositions

During the three months end ed March 31, 2025, the Company realized a gain of $21,532 related to the sales of Imperial Valley Mall, Annex at Monroeville, Monroeville Mall, three outparcels associated with the Monroeville Mall properties and a land parcel associated with Imperial Valley Mall. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, gross proceeds from sales of real estate assets were $72,100 which were used to partially paydown the secured term loan and the open-air centers and outparcels loan. See Note 9 for more information.

2024 Dispositions

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company realized a gain of $3,721, related to the sale of an anchor parcel and gross proceeds from sales of real estate assets was $7,745. The Company recorded a loss on impairment related to an outparcel that was sold. See Note 5 for more information.

Held-for-Sale

As of March 31, 2025, there were no properties that met the criteria to be classified as held-for-sale.

The following properties were classified as held-for-sale as of December 31, 2024:

Property |  | Location |  | Property Type |  | Total Assets |  |  | Total Liabilities (1) |
Monroeville Mall |  | Pittsburgh, PA |  | Mall |  | $ | 30,189 |  |  | $ | 4,306 |
Annex at Monroeville |  | Pittsburgh, PA |  | Open-Air Center |  |  | 3,075 |  |  |  | 218 |
Imperial Valley |  | El Centro, CA |  | Mall |  |  | 22,811 |  |  |  | 1,286 |
Total |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 56,075 |  |  | $ | 5,810 |

(1)
Included within accounts payable and accrued liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Note 8 – Unconsolidated Affilia tes and Noncontrolling Interests

Unconsolidated Affiliates

At March 31, 2025, the Company had investme nts in 23 entities, which are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. All investments in unconsolidated affiliates were similar in nature and the entities all were developing or held and operated real estate assets.

The Company had three unconsolidated affiliates with its ownership interests ranging from 33% to 49%, 16 unconsolidated affiliates owned in 50/50 joint ventures and four unconsolidated affiliates with ownership interests of 65%.

Although the Company had majority ownership of certain joint ventures during 2025 and 2024, it evaluated the investments and concluded that the other partners or owners in these joint ventures had substantive participating rights, such as approvals of:

•
the pro forma for the development and construction of the project and any material deviations or modifications thereto;
•
the site plan and any material deviations or modifications thereto;
•
the conceptual design of the project and the initial plans and specifications for the project and any material deviations or modifications thereto;
•
any acquisition/construction loans or any permanent financings/refinancings;
•
the annual operating budgets and any material deviations or modifications thereto;

10

•
the initial leasing plan and leasing parameters and any material deviations or modifications thereto; and
•
any material acquisitions or dispositions with respect to the project.

As a result of the joint control over these joint ventures, the Company accounts for these investments using the equity method of accounting.

2025 Activity - Unconsolidated Affiliates

Alamance Crossing CMBS, LLC

In March 2025, the Company transferred title of the mall to the mortgage holder in satisfaction of the non-recourse debt secured by the property, which had a balance of $41,122.

Port Orange I, LLC

In February 2025, the Company and its joint venture partner exercised the one-year extension option on the loan secured by the Pavilion at Port Orange, which extends the maturity date through February 2026.

York Town Center Holding, LP

In March 2025, the loan secured by York Town Center was extended for six months through September 2025.

Condensed Combined Financial Statements - Unconsolidated Affiliates

Condensed combined financial statement information of the unconsolidated affiliates is as follows:

|  | March 31, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
ASSETS: |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment in real estate assets |  | $ | 1,281,007 |  |  | $ | 1,284,494 |
Accumulated depreciation |  |  | (583,296 | ) |  |  | (576,289 | )
|  |  | 697,711 |  |  |  | 708,205 |
Developments in progress |  |  | 34,431 |  |  |  | 32,114 |
Net investment in real estate assets |  |  | 732,142 |  |  |  | 740,319 |
Other assets |  |  | 140,292 |  |  |  | 156,363 |
Total assets |  | $ | 872,434 |  |  | $ | 896,682 |
LIABILITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |
Mortgage and other indebtedness, net |  | $ | 738,511 |  |  | $ | 780,536 |
Other liabilities |  |  | 22,888 |  |  |  | 36,253 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 761,399 |  |  |  | 816,789 |
OWNERS' EQUITY: |  |  |  |  |  |
The Company |  |  | 76,153 |  |  |  | 76,607 |
Other investors |  |  | 34,882 |  |  |  | 3,286 |
Total owners' equity |  |  | 111,035 |  |  |  | 79,893 |
Total liabilities and owners’ equity |  | $ | 872,434 |  |  | $ | 896,682 |

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Total revenues |  | $ | 45,202 |  |  | $ | 63,997 |
Net income (1) |  | $ | 42,990 |  |  | $ | 6,264 |

(1)
The Company's pro rata share of net income was $6,913 and $4,594 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Variable Interest Entities

The Operating Partnership and certain of its subsidiaries are VIEs primarily because the limited partners of these entities do not collectively possess substantive kick-out or participating rights.

11

The Company consolidates the Operating Partnership because it is the primary beneficiary. The Company, through the Operating Partnership, consolidates all VIEs for which it is the primary beneficiary. Generally, a VIE is a legal entity in which the equity investors do not have the characteristics of a controlling financial interest or the equity investors lack sufficient equity at risk for the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support. A limited partnership is considered a VIE when the majority of the limited partners unrelated to the general partner possess neither the right to remove the general partner without cause, nor certain rights to participate in the decisions that most significantly affect the financial results of the partnership. In determining whether the Company is the primary beneficiary of a VIE, the Company considers qualitative and quantitative factors, including, but not limited to: which activities most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and which party controls such activities; the amount and characteristics of the Company's investment; the obligation or likelihood for the Company or other investors to provide financial support; and the similarity with and significance to the Company's business activities and the business activities of the other investors.

Consolidated VIEs

As of March 31, 2025, the Company had investments in 10 consolidated VIEs with ownership interests ranging from 50% to 92%.

Unconsolidated VIEs

The table below lists the Company's unconsolidated VIEs as of March 31, 2025:

Unconsolidated VIEs: |  | Investment in Real Estate Joint Ventures and Partnerships |  |  | Maximum Risk of Loss |
Ambassador Infrastructure, LLC (1) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,798 |
Atlanta Outlet JV, LLC |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
BI Development, LLC |  |  | 69 |  |  |  | 69 |
El Paso Outlet Center Holding, LLC |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Fremaux Town Center JV, LLC |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Louisville Outlet Shoppes, LLC |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Mall of South Carolina L.P. |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Port Orange I, LLC (1) |  |  | 2,749 |  |  |  | 24,410 |
Vision - CBL Hamilton Place, LLC |  |  | 3,609 |  |  |  | 3,609 |
Vision - CBL Mayfaire TC Hotel, LLC |  |  | 6,174 |  |  |  | 6,174 |
|  | $ | 12,601 |  |  | $ | 37,060 |

(1)
The Operating P artnership has guaranteed all or a portion of the debt. See Note 12 for more information.

Note 9 – Mortgage and O ther Indebtedness, Net

CBL has no indebtedness. Either the Operating Partnership or one of its consolidated subsidiaries that it has a direct or indirect ownership interest in are the borrowers on all the Company's debt. At March 31, 2025, all the Company's consolidated debt is non-recourse.

12

The Company’s mortgage and other indebtedness, net, consisted of the following:

|  | March 31, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
|  | Amount |  |  | Weighted- Average Interest Rate (1) |  |  | Amount |  |  | Weighted- Average Interest Rate (1) |
Fixed-rate debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-recourse open-air centers and outparcels loan (2) |  | $ | 166,478 |  |  |  | 6.95 | % |  | $ | 170,031 |  |  |  | 6.95 | %
Non-recourse loans on operating properties |  |  | 1,220,975 |  |  |  | 4.75 | % |  |  | 1,233,767 |  |  |  | 4.75 | %
Total fixed-rate debt |  |  | 1,387,453 |  |  |  | 5.01 | % |  |  | 1,403,798 |  |  |  | 5.02 | %
Variable-rate debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-recourse, secured term loan |  |  | 673,129 |  |  |  | 7.19 | % |  |  | 725,495 |  |  |  | 7.42 | %
Non-recourse open-air centers and outparcels loan (2) |  |  | 166,478 |  |  |  | 8.42 | % |  |  | 170,031 |  |  |  | 8.65 | %
Non-recourse loan on an operating property |  |  | 32,280 |  |  |  | 7.82 | % |  |  | 32,580 |  |  |  | 8.05 | %
Total variable-rate debt |  |  | 871,887 |  |  |  | 7.45 | % |  |  | 928,106 |  |  |  | 7.67 | %
Total fixed-rate and variable-rate debt |  |  | 2,259,340 |  |  |  | 5.95 | % |  |  | 2,331,904 |  |  |  | 6.07 | %
Unamortized deferred financing costs |  |  | (7,480 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (8,688 | ) |  |  |
Debt discounts (3) |  |  | (101,298 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (110,536 | ) |  |  |
Total mortgage and other indebtedness, net |  | $ | 2,150,562 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,212,680 |  |  |  |

(1)
Weighted-average interest rate excludes amortization of deferred financing costs.
(2)
The Operating Partnership has an interest rate swap on a notional amount of $32,000 related to the variable portion of the loan to effectively fix the interest rate at 7.3975%.
(3)
In conjunction with the acquisition of the Company's partner's 50% joint venture interests in CoolSprings Galleria, Oak Park Mall and West County Center and the implementation of fresh start accounting upon emergence from bankruptcy, the Company estimated the fair value of its mortgage notes with the assistance of a third-party valuation advisor. This resulted in recognizing a debt discount, which is accreted over the term of the respective debt using the effective interest method. The remaining debt discounts at March 31, 2025 will be accreted over a weighted average period of 4.6 years.

Non-recourse loans on operating properties, the open-air centers and outparcels loan and the secured term loan include loans that are secured by properties owned by the Company that have a carrying value of $1,656,555 at March 31, 2025.

2025 Loan Activity

In January 2025, a portion of the proceeds from the sale of Monroeville Mall and the Annex at Monroeville were used to paydown the open-air centers and outparcels loan by $7,107.

In February 2025, a portion of the proceeds from the sale of Imperial Valley Mall were used to paydown the secured term loan principal balance by $41,116.

In March 2025, the loan secured by Cross Creek Mall was modified to extend the maturity date to August 2025. Also, in March 2025, the lender notified the Company that the loan secured by The Outlet Shoppes at Laredo was in default. The Company is in discussions with the lender regarding a loan modification for the loan secured by The Outlet Shoppes at Laredo. Subsequent to March 31, 2025, we exercised the one-year extension option on the loan secured by Fayette Mall. See Note 15.

2024 Loan Activity

In February 2024, the Company redeemed U.S. Treasury securities and used the proceeds to pay off the $15,190 loan secured by Brookfield Square Anchor Redevelopment.

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Scheduled Principal Payments

As of March 31, 2025, the scheduled principal amortization and balloon payments of the Company’s consolidated debt, excluding extensions available at the Company’s option, on all mortgage and other indebtedness, are as follows:

2025 (1) |  | $ | 940,529 |
2026 |  |  | 550,781 |
2027 |  |  | 342,815 |
2028 |  |  | 133,350 |
2029 |  |  | 6,406 |
2030 |  |  | 225,628 |
Thereafter |  |  | 59,831 |
Total mortgage and other indebtedness |  | $ | 2,259,340 |

(1)
Reflects scheduled principal amortization for the period April 1, 2025 through December 31, 2025.

Of the $940,529 of scheduled principal payments for the remainder of 2025, $917,543 relates to the maturing principal balances of loans secured by four properties and the secured term loan. As of March 31, 2025, the Company has met the extension test to secure a one-year extension on the secured term loan. Subsequent to March 31, 2025, the $108,466 principal loan balance secured by Fayette Mall was extended through May 2026. See Note 15.

Interest Rate Hedge Instruments

The Company records its derivative instruments in its condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value. The accounting for changes in the fair value of derivatives depends on the intended use of the derivative, whether the derivative has been designated as a hedge and, if so, whether the hedge has met the criteria necessary to apply hedge accounting.

The effective portion of changes in the fair value of derivatives designated as, and that qualify as, cash flow hedges is recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and is subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. Such derivatives were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with variable-rate debt.

Instrument Type |  | Location in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet |  | Notional |  |  | Index |  | Fair Value at March 31, 2025 |  |  | Maturity Date
Pay fixed/Receive variable swap |  | Intangible lease assets and other assets |  | $ | 32,000 |  |  | 1-month USD-SOFR CME |  | $ | 233 |  |  | Jun-27

14

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
Hedging Instrument - Interest Rate Swap |  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
(Loss) gain recognized in other comprehensive income (loss) |  | $ | (281 | ) |  | $ | 462 |
Gain recognized in earnings (1) |  | $ | 81 |  |  | $ | 163 |

(1)
Gain reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income into earnings shown in interest expense.

Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the Company’s variable-rate debt. During the next twelve months, the Company estimates that $190 will be reclassified from other comprehensive income (loss) as a decrease to interest expense.

The Company has an agreement with each derivative counterparty that contains a provision where if the Company either defaults or is capable of being declared in default on any of its indebtedness, then the Company could also be declared in default on its derivative obligations.

As of March 31, 2025, the Company did no t have any derivatives with a fair value in a net liability position including accrued interest but excluding any adjustment for nonperformance risk. As of March 31, 2025, the Company has posted $1,920 of cash collateral related to the interest rate swap. The Company is not in breach of any agreement provisions.

Note 10 – Segm ent Information

As discussed in Note 1, the Company owns interests in a portfolio of properties including regional shopping malls, outlet centers, lifestyle centers, open-air centers, office buildings and other properties, including single-tenant and multi-tenant parcels. The Company has identified each property as an operating segment, and each is led by a general manager. Performance and resource allocation is assessed by the chief executive officer (“CEO”), whom the Company has determined to be the Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM").

The Company’s reportable segments are malls, lifestyle centers, outlet centers and open-air centers. The CODM evaluates performance and allocates resources on a property-by-property basis aggregated based on property type in accordance with aggregation criteria. The CODM measures performance and allocates resources to each property based on net operating income ("NOI") and certain criteria such as tenant mix, capital requirements, economic risks, leasing terms, and short- and long-term returns on capital. NOI is a supplemental non-GAAP measure of the operating performance of the Company’s shopping centers and other properties. The Company defines NOI as property operating revenues (rental revenues, tenant reimbursements and other income) less property operating expenses (property operating expenditures, real estate taxes and maintenance and repairs) plus property interest and other income. The Company computes NOI based on its pro rata share of both consolidated and unconsolidated properties.

The following is a brief description of the Company’s reportable segments and the remaining operating segments that comprise the All Other category:

Malls – The malls reporting segment consists of enclosed large regional shopping centers, generally anchored by two or more anchors or junior anchors, a wide variety of in-line retail stores, restaurants and non-retail tenants.

Lifestyle centers – The lifestyle center reporting segment consists of large open-air centers, generally anchored by one or more anchors, which can include traditional department store anchors, grocers, or other non-traditional anchors and/or junior anchors, a wide variety of in-line and retail stores, restaurants, and/or non-retail tenants.

Outlet centers – The outlet center reporting segment consists of open-air centers, generally anchored by one or more discount or off-price junior anchors and a wide variety of brand name off-price or discount in-line stores.

Open-air centers – The open-air centers reporting segment is typically anchored by a combination of supermarkets, value-priced stores, big-box retailers or traditional department stores. In many cases, the open-air centers in this category are adjacent to the properties that make up the malls reporting segment.

All Other – The All Other category includes outparcels, office buildings, hotels, corporate-level debt and the Management Company.

Rental income and tenant reimbursements from tenant leases provide the majority of revenues from all segments. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in Note 2 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

15

The below presentation has been recast for the prior-year period to comply with updates to Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 280 required by ASU 2023-07. Information on the Company's reportable segments is presented as follows:

Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 |  | Malls |  |  | Outlet Centers |  |  | Lifestyle Centers |  |  | Open-Air Centers |  |  | Total Reportable Segments |  |  | All Other (1) |  |  | Consolidation Adjustments (2) |  |  | Consolidated Total |
Revenues (3) |  | $ | 115,909 |  |  | $ | 8,592 |  |  | $ | 12,134 |  |  | $ | 17,597 |  |  | $ | 154,232 |  |  | $ | 8,143 |  |  | $ | (20,607 | ) |  | $ | 141,768 |
Property operating expenses (4) |  |  | (47,652 | ) |  |  | (3,087 | ) |  |  | (3,789 | ) |  |  | (3,679 | ) |  |  | (58,207 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest and other income |  |  | 218 |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 172 |  |  |  | 402 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Segment net operating income |  | $ | 68,475 |  |  | $ | 5,517 |  |  | $ | 8,345 |  |  | $ | 14,090 |  |  |  | 96,427 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
All other segment net operating income (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9,478 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidation adjustments (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (15,744 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (44,225 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain on sales of real estate assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 21,532 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (45,541 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General and administrative expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (20,707 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loss on extinguishment of debt |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (217 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income tax benefit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 471 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,913 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 8,387 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 |  | Malls |  |  | Outlet Centers |  |  | Lifestyle Centers |  |  | Open-Air Centers |  |  | Total Reportable Segments |  |  | All Other (1) |  |  | Consolidation Adjustments (2) |  |  | Consolidated Total |
Revenues (3) |  | $ | 120,861 |  |  | $ | 8,361 |  |  | $ | 12,027 |  |  | $ | 17,865 |  |  | $ | 159,114 |  |  | $ | 8,900 |  |  | $ | (38,897 | ) |  | $ | 129,117 |
Property operating expenses (4) |  |  | (43,198 | ) |  |  | (2,845 | ) |  |  | (3,466 | ) |  |  | (3,075 | ) |  |  | (52,584 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest and other income |  |  | 165 |  |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 166 |  |  |  | 361 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Segment net operating income |  | $ | 77,828 |  |  | $ | 5,546 |  |  | $ | 8,561 |  |  | $ | 14,956 |  |  |  | 106,891 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
All other segment net operating income (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 10,521 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidation adjustments (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (27,325 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (39,812 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gain on sales of real estate assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,721 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (38,040 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General and administrative expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (20,414 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Litigation settlement |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 68 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loss on impairment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (836 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Income tax benefit |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 158 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,594 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net loss |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (474 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1)
The All Other category includes outparcels, office buildings, hotels, corporate-level entities and the Management Company.
(2)
Consolidated adjustments represent the elimination of the Company's share of unconsolidated affiliates and the addition of the noncontrolling interests' share to reconcile to the amounts reported in the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations.
(3)
Management, development and leasing fees earned by the Management Company are included in the All Other category. See Note 3 for information on the Company’s revenues disaggregated by revenue source.
(4)
Property operating expenses include property operating, real estate taxes and maintenance and repairs, none of which represent significant segment expense.

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Note 11 – Earnings Per Sh are

Earnings per share ("EPS") is calculated under the two-class method. Under the two-class method, all earnings (distributed and undistributed) are allocated to common stock and participating securities. The Company grants restricted stock awards to certain employees under its share-based compensation program, which entitle recipients to receive nonforfeitable dividends during the vesting period on a basis equivalent to the dividends paid to holders of common stock. These unvested restricted stock awards meet the definition of participating securities based on their respective rights to receive nonforfeitable dividends.

Diluted EPS incorporates the potential impact of contingently issuable shares. Diluted EPS is calculated under both the two-class and treasury stock methods, and the more dilutive amount is reported. Performance stock units ("PSUs") and unvested restricted stock awards are contingently issuable common shares and are included in diluted EPS if the effect is dilutive.

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted EPS (in thousands, except per share amounts):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Basic earnings per share |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to the Company |  | $ | 8,789 |  |  | $ | 50 |
Less: Earnings allocable to unvested restricted stock |  |  | (577 | ) |  |  | (259 | )
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders |  |  | 8,212 |  |  |  | (209 | )
Weighted-average basic shares outstanding |  |  | 30,419 |  |  |  | 31,546 |
Net income (loss) per share attributable to common shareholders |  | $ | 0.27 |  |  | $ | (0.01 | )
Diluted earnings per share (1) |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders |  | $ | 8,212 |  |  | $ | (209 | )
Weighted-average diluted shares outstanding |  |  | 30,709 |  |  |  | 31,546 |
Net income (loss) per share attributable to common shareholders |  | $ | 0.27 |  |  | $ | (0.01 | )

(1)
For the three months ended March 31, 2025, the computation of diluted EPS does not include contingently issuable shares related to unvested restricted stock awards due to their anti-dilutive nature. Had the contingently issuable shares been dilutive, the denominator for diluted EPS would have been 30,825,915, including 116,802 contingently issuable shares related to unvested restricted stock awards. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the computation of diluted EPS does not include contingently issuable shares related to unvested restricted stock awards due to their anti-dilutive nature. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, had the contingently issuable shares been dilutive, the denominator for diluted EPS would have been 31,568,257, including 22,536 contingently issuable shares related to unvested restricted stock awards.

Note 12 – Co ntingencies

The Company is currently involved in litigation that arises in the ordinary course of business, most of which is expected to be covered by liability insurance. Management makes assumptions and estimates concerning the likelihood and amount of any potential loss relating to these matters using the latest information available. The Company records a liability for litigation if an unfavorable outcome is probable and the amount of loss or range of loss can be reasonably estimated. If an unfavorable outcome is probable and a reasonable estimate of the loss is a range, the Company accrues the best estimate within the range. If no amount within the range is a better estimate than any other amount, the Company accrues the minimum amount within the range. If an unfavorable outcome is probable but the amount of the loss cannot be reasonably estimated, the Company discloses the nature of the litigation and indicates that an estimate of the loss or range of loss cannot be made. If an unfavorable outcome is reasonably possible and the estimated loss is material, the Company discloses the nature and estimate of the possible loss of the litigation. Based on current expectations, such matters, both individually and in the aggregate, are not expected to have a material adverse effect on the liquidity, results of operations, business or financial condition of the Company.

Environmental Contingencies

The Company evaluates potential loss contingencies related to environmental matters using the same criteria described above related to litigation matters. Based on current information, an unfavorable outcome concerning such environmental matters, both individually and in the aggregate, is considered to be reasonably possible. However, the Company believes its maximum potential exposure to loss would not be material to its results of operations or financial condition. The Company has a master insurance policy that provides coverage through 2027 for certain environmental claims up to $40,000 per occurrence and up to $40,000 in the aggregate, subject to deductibles and certain exclusions. At certain locations, individual policies are in place.

17

Guarantees

The Operating Partnership may guarantee the debt of a joint venture primarily because it allows the joint venture to obtain funding at a lower cost than could be obtained otherwise. This results in a higher return for the joint venture on its investment, and a higher return on the Operating Partnership's investment in the joint venture. The Operating Partnership may receive a fee from the joint venture for providing the guaranty. Additionally, when the Operating Partnership issues a guaranty, the terms of the joint venture agreement typically provide that the Operating Partnership may receive indemnification from the joint venture partner or have the ability to increase its ownership interest. The guarantees expire upon repayment of the debt, unless noted otherwise.

The following table represents the Operating Partnership's guarantees of unconsolidated affiliates' debt as reflected in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024:

|  | As of March 31, 2025 |  | Obligation recorded to reflect guaranty |
Unconsolidated Affiliate |  | Company's Ownership Interest |  | Outstanding Balance |  |  | Percentage Guaranteed by the Operating Partnership |  | Maximum Guaranteed Amount |  |  | Debt Maturity Date |  | March 31, 2025 |  |  | December 31, 2024 |
Port Orange I, LLC |  | 50% |  |  | 43,323 |  |  | 50% |  |  | 21,661 |  |  | Feb-2026 |  | $ | 217 |  |  | $ | 222 |
Ambassador Infrastructure, LLC |  | 65% |  |  | 2,798 |  |  | 100% |  |  | 2,798 |  |  | Mar-2027 |  |  | 44 |  |  |  | 44 |
Total guaranty liability |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 261 |  |  | $ | 266 |

For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company evaluated each guaranty, listed in the table above, by evaluating the debt service ratio, cash flow forecasts and the performance of each loan, where applicable. The result of the analysis was that each loan is current and performing. The Company did not record a credit loss related to the guarantees listed in the table above for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Note 13 – Share-B ased Compensation

Restricted Stock Awards

Compensation expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The share-based compensation expense related to restricted stock a wards granted under the CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan ("EIP") was $2,126 and $1,988 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Share-based compensation cost capitalized as part of real estate assets was $30 and $24 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. As of March 31, 2025, there was $11,217 of total unrecognized compensation cos t related to unvested restricted stock awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.7 y ears. Share-based compensation cost resulting from share-based awards is recorded at the Management Company, which is a taxable entity.

A summary of the status of the Company’s unvested restricted stock awards as of March 31, 2025, and changes during the three months ended March 31, 2025, are presented below:

|  | Shares |  |  | Weighted- Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share |
Unvested at January 1, 2025 |  |  | 490,864 |  |  | $ | 26.08 |
Granted |  |  | 132,466 |  |  | $ | 30.85 |
Vested |  |  | (143,680 | ) |  | $ | 25.00 |
Unvested at March 31, 2025 |  |  | 479,650 |  |  | $ | 27.72 |

The total grant-date fair value of restricted stock awards granted during the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $4,087. The total fair value of restricted stock awards that vested during the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $4,495.

Performance Stock Unit Awards

Compensation cost for the PSUs granted in February 2023, February 2024 and February 2025 is recognized on a straight-line basis over the service period since it is longer than the performance period. The resulting expense is recorded regardless of whether any PSU awards are earned as long as the required service period is met. For the PSUs granted in February 2022, each quarter, management assesses the probability that the measures associated with the Company's outstanding PSU awards will be attained. The Company begins recognizing compensation expense on a straight-line basis

18

over the remaining service period once the PSU award measures are deemed probable of achievement. Share-based compensation expense related to the PSUs granted under the EIP was $1,834 and $1,667 for the th ree months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The unrecognized compensation expense related to the PSUs was $13,235 as of March 31, 2025, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.4 years assuming all PSUs are earned.

A summary of the status of the Company’s outstanding PSU awards as of March 31, 2025, and changes during the three months ended March 31, 2025, are presented below:

|  | PSUs |  |  | Weighted- Average Grant-Date Fair Value Per Share |
Outstanding at January 1, 2025 |  |  | 571,287 |  |  | $ | 28.48 |
2025 PSUs granted |  |  | 130,312 |  |  | $ | 35.57 |
Incremental PSUs granted (1) |  |  | 31,759 |  |  | $ | 26.51 |
Outstanding at March 31, 2025 |  |  | 733,358 |  |  | $ | 29.66 |

(1)
PSUs granted shall be adjusted as if the shares of common stock represented by such PSUs had received any applicable stock or cash dividends declared. For stock dividends, a number of PSUs shall be added to the target amount corresponding to the number of shares of common stock that would have been payable per such stock dividend on the then outstanding number of PSUs under the agreement as if common stock had been issued for such PSUs. For cash dividends, a number of PSUs shall be added to the target amount corresponding to the number of shares of common stock that could have been acquired by the cash dividend payable on the then outstanding number of PSUs under the agreement as if common stock had been issued for such PSUs, and the calculation of the number of shares of common stock that could have been acquired shall be based on the closing price of the common stock on the record date for the cash dividend at issue.

T he total grant-date fair value of PSU awards granted during the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $4,635.

The following table summarizes the assumptions used in the Monte Carlo simulation pricing model related to the PSUs granted in 2025:

|  | 2025 PSUs |
Grant date |  | February 12, 2025 |
Fair value per share on valuation date (1) |  | $ | 35.57 |
Risk-free interest rate (2) |  |  | 4.40 | %
Expected share price volatility (3) |  |  | 32.00 | %

(1)
The value of the 2025 PSU awards is estimated on the date of grant using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The valuation consists of computing the fair value using CBL's simulated stock price as well as TSR over a three-year performance period. The award is modeled as a contingent claim in that the expected return on the underlying shares is risk-free and the rate of discounting the pay off of the award is also risk-free. The weighted-average fair value per share related to the 2025 PSUs consists of 39,094 PSUs at a fair value of $42.50 per share (which relates to the relative TSR) and 91,218 PSUs at a fair value of $32.60 per share (which relates to absolute TSR).
(2)
The risk-free interest rate was based on the yield curve on zero-coupon U.S. Treasury securities in effect as of the valuation date, which is the grant date listed above.
(3)
The computation of expected volatility for the 2025 PSUs was based on the historical volatility of CBL's shares of common stock for a trading period equal to the time from the grant date to the end of the performance period.

Note 14 – Noncash Investin g and Financing Activities

The Company’s noncash investing and financing activities were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Additions to real estate assets accrued but not yet paid |  | $ | 14,301 |  |  | $ | 8,062 |

Note 15 – Sub sequent Events

In April 2025, the Company redeemed $27,362 in U.S. Treasury securities and purchased $27,361 in new U.S. Treasury securities.

In May 2025, the Company's board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $25,000 of the Company's common stock. The authorized share repurchase program has an expiration date of May 1, 2026.

In May 2025, the Company exercised the one-year extension option on the loan secured by Fayette Mall.

In May 2025, the Company declared a regular cash dividend of $0.40 per common share for the quarter ending June 30, 2025. The dividend is payable on June 30, 2025, to shareholders of record as of June 13, 2025.

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ITEM 2: Man agement’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes that are included in this Form 10-Q. Capitalized terms used, but not defined, in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations have the same meanings as defined in the notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements. Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references to the “Company,” “we,” “us” and “our” mean CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. and its subsidiaries.

Certain statements made in this section or elsewhere in this report may be deemed “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the federal securities laws. All statements other than statements of historical fact should be considered to be forward-looking statements. In many cases, these forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of words such as “will,” “may,” “should,” “could,” “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “intends,” “projects,” “goals,” “objectives,” “targets,” “predicts,” “plans,” “seeks,” and variations of these words and similar expressions. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the factors discussed throughout this report.

Although we believe the expectations reflected in any forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance or results and we can give no assurance that these expectations will be attained. It is possible that actual results may differ materially from those indicated by these forward-looking statements due to a variety of known and unknown risks and uncertainties. In addition to the risk factors described in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, such known risks and uncertainties include, without limitation:

•
general industry, economic and business conditions;
•
interest rate fluctuations;
•
costs and availability of capital, including debt, and capital requirements;
•
the ability to obtain suitable equity and/or debt financing and the continued availability of financing, in the amounts and on the terms necessary to support our future refinancing requirements and business;
•
costs and availability of real estate;
•
inability to consummate acquisition or disposition opportunities and other risks associated with acquisitions and dispositions;
•
competition from other companies and retail formats;
•
changes in retail demand and rental rates in our markets;
•
shifts in customer demands including the impact of online shopping;
•
tenant bankruptcies or store closings;
•
changes in vacancy rates at our properties;
•
changes in operating expenses;
•
changes in applicable laws, rules and regulations;
•
cyberattacks or acts of cyberterrorism;
•
uncertainty and economic impact of pandemics, epidemics or other public health emergencies or fear of such events; and
•
other risks referenced from time to time in filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and those factors listed or incorporated by reference into this report.

This list of risks and uncertainties is only a summary and is not intended to be exhaustive. We disclaim any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect actual results or changes in the factors affecting the forward-looking information.

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Executive Overview

We are a self-managed, self-administered, fully integrated REIT that is engaged in the ownership, development, acquisition, leasing, management and operation of regional shopping malls, outlet centers, lifestyle centers, open-air centers and other properties. See Note 1 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for information on our property interests as of March 31, 2025. We have elected to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.

The following summarizes our net income (loss) and net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 8,387 |  |  | $ | (474 | )
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders |  | $ | 8,212 |  |  | $ | (209 | )

Significant items that affected comparability between the three-month periods include:

•
Items increasing net income for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the prior-year period:
•
Rental revenues were $13.3 million higher;
•
Gain on sales of real estate assets was $17.8 million higher; and
•
Equity in earnings was $2.3 million higher.
•
Items decreasing net income for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the prior-year period:
•
Depreciation and amortization expense was $7.5 million higher;
•
Real estate taxes were $6.5 million higher;
•
Interest expense was $4.4 million higher;
•
Maintenance and repairs expense was $3.5 million higher; and
•
Property operating expense was $2.1 million higher.

Our focus is on continuing to execute our strategy to improve occupancy, drive rent growth and transform the offerings available at our properties to include a targeted mix of retail, service, dining, entertainment and other non-retail uses, primarily through the re-tenanting of former anchor locations as well as diversification of in-line tenancy. This operational strategy is also supported by our balance sheet strategy of reducing overall debt, extending our debt maturity schedule and lowering our overall cost of borrowings to limit maturity risk, as well as improving net cash flow and enhancing enterprise value. While the industry and our Company continue to face challenges, some of which may not be in our control, we believe that the strategies in place to improve occupancy, diversify our tenant mix and redevelop our properties will continue to contribute to stabilization of our portfolio and revenues in future years.

Same-center NOI and FFO are non-GAAP measures. For a description of same-center NOI, a reconciliation from net income (loss) to same-center NOI, and an explanation of why we believe this is a useful performance measure, see Non-GAAP Measure - Same-center Net Operating Income in Results of Operations. For a description of FFO, a reconciliation from net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders to FFO allocable to Operating Partnership common unitholders, and an explanation of why we believe this is a useful performance measure, see Non-GAAP Measure - Funds from Operations.

R esults of Operations

Properties that were in operation for the entire year during 2024 and the three months ended March 31, 2025 are referred to as the "Comparable Properties." Since January 2024, we have opened, consolidated and disposed of the following properties:

Properties Opened

Property |  | Location |  | Date Opened
Friendly Center Medical Office (1) |  | Greensboro, NC |  | August 2024

(1)
The property is owned by a joint venture that is accounted for using the equity method of accounting and is included in equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations.

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Consolidations

Property |  | Location |  | Date of Consolidation
CoolSprings Galleria |  | Nashville, TN |  | December 2024
Oak Park Mall |  | Overland Park, KS |  | December 2024
West County Center |  | Des Peres, MO |  | December 2024

Dispositions

Property |  | Location |  | Date of Disposition
Layton Hills Mall |  | Layton, UT |  | August 2024
Layton Hills Convenience Center |  | Layton, UT |  | September 2024
Layton Hills Plaza |  | Layton, UT |  | September 2024

Monroeville Mall |  | Monroeville, PA |  | January 2025
Annex at Monroeville |  | Monroeville, PA |  | January 2025

Imperial Valley Mall |  | El Centro, CA |  | February 2025

We consider properties undergoing major redevelopment or being considered for repositioning as non-core. As of March 31, 2025, Brookfield Square, Harford Mall and Laurel Park Place were designated as non-core.

Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 to the Three Months Ended March 31, 2024

Revenues

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | Change |  |  | Malls |  |  | Outlet Centers |  |  | Lifestyle Centers |  |  | Open-Air Centers |  |  | All Other |
Rental revenues |  | $ | 137,360 |  |  | $ | 124,027 |  |  | $ | 13,333 |  |  | $ | 13,747 |  |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (376 | ) |  | $ | (60 | )
Management, development and leasing fees |  |  | 1,317 |  |  |  | 1,905 |  |  |  | (588 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (588 | )
Other |  |  | 3,091 |  |  |  | 3,185 |  |  |  | (94 | ) |  |  | 233 |  |  |  | (91 | ) |  |  | (133 | ) |  |  | (88 | ) |  |  | (15 | )
Total revenues |  | $ | 141,768 |  |  | $ | 129,117 |  |  | $ | 12,651 |  |  | $ | 13,980 |  |  | $ | (69 | ) |  | $ | (133 | ) |  | $ | (464 | ) |  | $ | (663 | )

Rental revenues increased primarily due to the consolidation of CoolSprings Galleria, Oak Park Mall and West County Center in the current-year period related to the acquisition of our partner's 50% interest in those properties during December 2024, which resulted in an increase of $20.7 million during the current-year period. The increase was partially offset by $6.3 million of rental revenues associated with properties sold since the prior-year period.

Operating Expenses

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | Change |  |  | Malls |  |  | Outlet Centers |  |  | Lifestyle Centers |  |  | Open-Air Centers |  |  | All Other |
Property operating |  | $ | (25,878 | ) |  | $ | (23,827 | ) |  | $ | (2,051 | ) |  | $ | (2,736 | ) |  | $ | (144 | ) |  | $ | (128 | ) |  | $ | 270 |  |  | $ | 687 |
Real estate taxes |  |  | (15,731 | ) |  |  | (9,269 | ) |  |  | (6,462 | ) |  |  | (5,770 | ) |  |  | (70 | ) |  |  | (119 | ) |  |  | (667 | ) |  |  | 164 |
Maintenance and repairs |  |  | (13,466 | ) |  |  | (9,938 | ) |  |  | (3,528 | ) |  |  | (3,127 | ) |  |  | (78 | ) |  |  | (148 | ) |  |  | (170 | ) |  |  | (5 | )
Property operating expenses |  |  | (55,075 | ) |  |  | (43,034 | ) |  |  | (12,041 | ) |  |  | (11,633 | ) |  |  | (292 | ) |  |  | (395 | ) |  |  | (567 | ) |  |  | 846 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | (45,541 | ) |  |  | (38,040 | ) |  |  | (7,501 | ) |  |  | (10,105 | ) |  |  | 154 |  |  |  | 491 |  |  |  | 1,257 |  |  |  | 702 |
General and administrative |  |  | (20,707 | ) |  |  | (20,414 | ) |  |  | (293 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (293 | )
Loss on impairment |  |  | — |  |  |  | (836 | ) |  |  | 836 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 836 |
Litigation settlement |  |  | — |  |  |  | 68 |  |  |  | (68 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (68 | )
Total operating expenses |  | $ | (121,323 | ) |  | $ | (102,256 | ) |  | $ | (19,067 | ) |  | $ | (21,738 | ) |  | $ | (138 | ) |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | 690 |  |  | $ | 2,023 |

22

Total property operating expenses increased primarily due to the consolidation of CoolSprings Galleria, Oak Park Mall and West County Center in the current-year period related to the acquisition of our partner's 50% interest in those properties during December 2024, which resulted in an increase of $8.1 million during the current-year period. Also, there was an increase in non-contract exterior maintenance costs, primarily driven by an increase in snow removal expense across our properties. Dispositions accounted for $1.5 million of the increase in the current-year period as compared to the prior-year period.

Depreciation and amortization expense increased primarily due to the addition of tangible assets and intangible lease assets recognized upon the acquisition of our partner's 50% interest in CoolSprings Galleria, Oak Park Mall and West County Center. Dispositions accounted for a $1.7 million decrease in the current-year period as compared to the prior-year period.

Other Income and Expenses

Interest expense increased $4.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the prior-year period. The increase was primarily due to higher accretion of property-level debt discounts and property-level interest expense associated with the acquisition of our partner's 50% interest in CoolSprings Galleria, Oak Park Mall and West County Center. The increase was partially offset by lower interest expense on the secured term loan due to paydowns that have occurred since the prior-year period.

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates increased $2.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the prior-year period. The increase primarily relates to the sale of an outparcel in the current-year period. Also, the increase is partially due to a decrease in interest expense, as well as a decrease in depreciation and amortization expense related to intangible lease assets becoming fully amortized since the prior-year period, at unconsolidated affiliates.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we recognized a $21.5 million gain on sales of real estate assets related to the sales of Imperial Valley Mall, Monroeville Mall, Annex at Monroeville, three outparcels associated with the Monroeville Mall properties and a land parcel associated with Imperial Valley Mall. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we recognized a $3.7 million gain on sales of real estate assets related to the sale of an anchor parcel.

Non-GAAP Measure

S ame-center Net Operating Income

NOI is a supplemental non-GAAP measure of the operating performance of our shopping centers and other properties. We define NOI as property operating revenues (rental revenues and other income) less property operating expenses (property operating, real estate taxes and maintenance and repairs).

We compute NOI based on the Operating Partnership's pro rata share of both consolidated and unconsolidated properties. We believe that presenting NOI and same-center NOI (described below) based on our Operating Partnership’s pro rata share of both consolidated and unconsolidated properties is useful since we conduct substantially all our business through our Operating Partnership and, therefore, it reflects the performance of the properties in absolute terms regardless of the ratio of ownership interests of our common shareholders and the noncontrolling interest in the Operating Partnership. Our definition of NOI may be different than that used by other companies, and accordingly, our calculation of NOI may not be comparable to that of other companies.

Since NOI includes only those revenues and expenses related to the operations of our shopping center properties, we believe that same-center NOI provides a measure that reflects trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, sales at our properties and operating costs and the impact of those trends on our results of operations. Our calculation of same-center NOI excludes lease termination income, straight-line rent adjustments, amortization of above and below market lease intangibles and write-offs of landlord inducement assets in order to enhance the comparability of results from one period to another.

We include a property in our same-center pool when we have owned all or a portion of the property since January 1 of the preceding calendar year and it has been in operation for both the entire preceding calendar year and current year-to-date period. New properties are excluded from same-center NOI until they meet these criteria. Properties excluded from the same-center pool that would otherwise meet these criteria are categorized as excluded properties. We exclude properties which are under major redevelopment or are being considered for repositioning, and where we are working or intend to work with the lender on a restructure of the terms of the loan secured by the property or convey the secured property to the lender (“Excluded Properties”). As of March 31, 2025, Brookfield Square, Harford Mall and Laurel Park Place were classified as Excluded Properties.

Due to the exclusions noted above, same-center NOI should only be used as a supplemental measure of our performance and not as an alternative to GAAP operating income (loss) or net income (loss).

23

A reconciliation of our same-center NOI to net income (loss) for the three month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 is as follows (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net income (loss) |  | $ | 8,387 |  |  | $ | (474 | )
Adjustments: (1) |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization, including our share of unconsolidated affiliates and net of noncontrolling interests' share |  |  | 48,547 |  |  |  | 41,469 |
Interest expense, including our share of unconsolidated affiliates and net of noncontrolling interests' share |  |  | 50,501 |  |  |  | 56,028 |
Gain on sales of real estate assets |  |  | (21,532 | ) |  |  | (3,721 | )
Gain on sales of real estate assets of unconsolidated affiliates |  |  | (1,035 | ) |  |  | — |
Adjustment for unconsolidated affiliates with negative investment |  |  | 1,534 |  |  |  | (2,568 | )
Loss on extinguishment of debt |  |  | 217 |  |  |  | — |
Loss on impairment |  |  | — |  |  |  | 836 |
Litigation settlement |  |  | — |  |  |  | (68 | )
Income tax benefit |  |  | (471 | ) |  |  | (158 | )
Lease termination fees |  |  | (963 | ) |  |  | (983 | )
Straight-line rent and above- and below-market lease amortization |  |  | 4,262 |  |  |  | 4,007 |
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests in other consolidated subsidiaries |  |  | 408 |  |  |  | 524 |
General and administrative expenses |  |  | 20,707 |  |  |  | 20,414 |
Management fees and non-property level revenues |  |  | (5,657 | ) |  |  | (6,447 | )
Operating Partnership's share of property NOI |  |  | 104,905 |  |  |  | 108,859 |
Non-comparable NOI |  |  | (1,708 | ) |  |  | (3,213 | )
Total same-center NOI |  | $ | 103,197 |  |  | $ | 105,646 |

(1)
Adjustments are based on our Operating Partnership's pro rata ownership share, including our share of unconsolidated affiliates and excluding noncontrolling interests' share of consolidated properties.

Same-center NOI decreased 2.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to the prior-year period. The $2.4 million decrease for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 primarily consisted of a $1.4 million increase in revenues offset by a $3.8 million increase in operating expenses. Rental revenues were $1.3 million higher primarily due to higher minimum rents and tenant reimbursements in the current-year period. The increase in rental revenues was also impacted by a favorable variance in the estimate for uncollectable revenues during the current-year period as compared to the prior-year period. Property operating expenses increased in the current-year period primarily due to one time real estate and franchise tax refunds received in the prior-year period, as well as higher non-contract exterior maintenance costs.

Operational Review

The shopping center business is, to some extent, seasonal in nature with tenants typically achieving the highest levels of sales during the fourth quarter due to the holiday season, which generally results in higher percentage rents in the fourth quarter. Additionally, malls, lifestyle centers and outlet centers earn a large portion of their rents from short-term tenants during the holiday period. Thus, occupancy levels and revenue production are generally the highest in the fourth quarter of each year. Results of operations realized in any one quarter may not be indicative of the results likely to be experienced over the course of the fiscal year.

We derive the majority of our revenues from the malls, lifestyle centers and outlet centers. The sources of our revenues by property type were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Malls |  |  | 71.4 | % |  |  | 71.9 | %
Outlet Centers |  |  | 5.3 | % |  |  | 5.0 | %
Lifestyle Centers |  |  | 7.5 | % |  |  | 7.2 | %
Open-Air Centers |  |  | 10.8 | % |  |  | 10.6 | %
All Other Properties |  |  | 5.0 | % |  |  | 5.3 | %

24

Inline and Adjacent Freestanding Tenant Store Sales

Inline and adjacent freestanding tenant store sales include reporting mall, lifestyle center and outlet center tenants of 10,000 square feet or less and exclude license agreements, which are retail leases that are temporary or short-term in nature and generally last more than three months but less than twelve months. The following is a comparison of our same-center tenant sales per square foot for mall, lifestyle center and outlet center tenants of 10,000 square feet or less (Excluded Properties are not included in sales metrics):

|  | Sales Per Square Foot for the Trailing Twelve Months Ended March 31, |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | % Change
Malls, lifestyle centers and outlet centers same-center sales per square foot |  | $ | 423 |  |  | $ | 424 |  |  | (0.2)%

Occupancy

Our portfolio occupancy is summarized in the following table (Excluded Properties are not included in occupancy metrics):

|  | As of March 31,
|  | 2025 |  | 2024
Total portfolio |  | 90.4% |  | 89.4%
Malls, lifestyle centers and outlet centers: |  |  |  |
Total malls |  | 87.9% |  | 87.0%
Total lifestyle centers |  | 92.2% |  | 90.5%
Total outlet centers |  | 90.4% |  | 90.5%
Total same-center malls, lifestyle centers and outlet centers |  | 88.7% |  | 88.3%
Open-air centers |  | 95.7% |  | 95.1%
All Other Properties |  | 89.6% |  | 84.5%

Leasing

The following is a summary of the total square feet of leases signed in the three month periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Operating portfolio: |  |  |  |  |  |
New leases |  |  | 111,794 |  |  |  | 222,370 |
Renewal leases |  |  | 465,132 |  |  |  | 924,431 |
Total leased |  |  | 576,926 |  |  |  | 1,146,801 |

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Average annual base rents per square foot are based on contractual rents in effect as of March 31, 2025 and 2024, including the impact of any rent concessions. Average annual base rents per square foot for comparable small shop space of less than 10,000 square feet were as follows for each property type:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Total portfolio (1) |  | $ | 26.27 |  |  | $ | 26.00 |
Malls, lifestyle centers and outlet centers: |  |  |  |  |  |
Total same-center malls, lifestyle centers and outlet centers |  |  | 31.58 |  |  |  | 31.18 |
Total malls |  |  | 31.72 |  |  |  | 31.42 |
Total lifestyle centers |  |  | 32.23 |  |  |  | 30.69 |
Total outlet centers |  |  | 30.20 |  |  |  | 29.12 |
Open-air centers |  |  | 16.31 |  |  |  | 15.47 |
All Other Properties |  |  | 20.98 |  |  |  | 20.61 |

(1)
Excluded Properties are not included.

Results from new and renewal leasing of comparable small shop space of less than 10,000 square feet during the three month period ended March 31, 2025 for spaces that were previously occupied, based on the contractual terms of the related leases inclusive of the impact of any rent concessions, are set forth below. Rent concessions typically consist of periods of free rent. The impact of such concessions was not material for the period presented below.

Property Type |  | Square Feet |  |  | Prior Gross Rent PSF |  |  | New Initial Gross Rent PSF |  |  | % Change Initial |  |  | New Average Gross Rent PSF |  |  | % Change Average |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2025: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
All Property Types (1) |  |  | 472,926 |  |  | $ | 43.52 |  |  | $ | 41.18 |  |  |  | (5.4 | )% |  | $ | 42.49 |  |  |  | (2.4 | )%
Malls, Lifestyle Centers & Outlet Centers (2) |  |  | 444,262 |  |  |  | 44.77 |  |  |  | 42.20 |  |  |  | (5.7 | )% |  |  | 43.54 |  |  |  | (2.7 | )%
New leases (2) |  |  | 54,536 |  |  |  | 49.23 |  |  |  | 53.75 |  |  |  | 9.2 | % |  |  | 59.81 |  |  |  | 21.5 | %
Renewal leases (2) |  |  | 389,726 |  |  |  | 44.14 |  |  |  | 40.58 |  |  |  | (8.1 | )% |  |  | 41.27 |  |  |  | (6.5 | )%
Open Air Centers |  |  | 28,664 |  |  |  | 24.16 |  |  |  | 25.44 |  |  |  | 5.3 | % |  |  | 26.23 |  |  |  | 8.6 | %

(1)
Includes malls, lifestyle centers, outlet centers, open-air centers and other.
(2)
The change is primarily driven by malls.

New and renewal leasing activity of comparable small shop space of less than 10,000 square feet based on the lease commencement date is as follows:

|  | Number of Leases |  |  | Square Feet |  |  | Term (in years) |  |  | Initial Rent PSF |  |  | Average Rent PSF |  |  | Expiring Rent PSF |  |  | Initial Rent Spread |  |  | Average Rent Spread |
Commencement 2025: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
New |  |  | 48 |  |  |  | 131,440 |  |  |  | 7.36 |  |  | $ | 49.82 |  |  | $ | 54.63 |  |  | $ | 39.00 |  |  | $ | 10.82 |  |  |  | 27.7 | % |  | $ | 15.63 |  |  |  | 40.1 | %
Renewal |  |  | 326 |  |  |  | 1,027,355 |  |  |  | 2.98 |  |  |  | 36.70 |  |  |  | 37.36 |  |  |  | 38.20 |  |  |  | (1.50 | ) |  |  | (3.9 | )% |  |  | (0.84 | ) |  |  | (2.2 | )%
Commencement 2025 Total |  |  | 374 |  |  |  | 1,158,795 |  |  |  | 3.55 |  |  |  | 38.19 |  |  |  | 39.32 |  |  |  | 38.29 |  |  |  | (0.10 | ) |  |  | (0.3 | )% |  |  | 1.03 |  |  |  | 2.7 | %
Commencement 2026: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
New |  |  | 2 |  |  |  | 5,245 |  |  |  | 10.21 |  |  |  | 33.37 |  |  |  | 36.30 |  |  |  | 21.59 |  |  |  | 11.78 |  |  |  | 54.6 | % |  |  | 14.71 |  |  |  | 68.1 | %
Renewal |  |  | 52 |  |  |  | 205,847 |  |  |  | 2.83 |  |  |  | 32.70 |  |  |  | 33.19 |  |  |  | 33.32 |  |  |  | (0.62 | ) |  |  | (1.9 | )% |  |  | (0.13 | ) |  |  | (0.4 | )%
Commencement 2026 Total |  |  | 54 |  |  |  | 211,092 |  |  |  | 3.11 |  |  |  | 32.72 |  |  |  | 33.27 |  |  |  | 33.03 |  |  |  | (0.31 | ) |  |  | (0.9 | )% |  |  | 0.24 |  |  |  | 0.7 | %
Total 2025/2026 |  |  | 428 |  |  |  | 1,369,887 |  |  |  | 3.49 |  |  | $ | 37.35 |  |  | $ | 38.39 |  |  | $ | 37.48 |  |  | $ | (0.13 | ) |  |  | (0.3 | )% |  | $ | 0.91 |  |  |  | 2.4 | %

L iquidity and Capital Resources

As of March 31, 2025, we had $276.1 million available in unrestricted cash and U.S. Treasury securities. Our total pro rata share of debt, excluding unamortized deferred financing costs and debt discounts, at March 31, 2025 was $2,622.0 million. We had $76.6 million in restricted cash at March 31, 2025 related to cash held in escrow accounts for insurance, real estate taxes, capital expenditures and tenant allowances as required by the terms of certain mortgage notes payable, as well as amounts related to cash management agreements with lenders of certain property-level mortgage indebtedness, which are designated for debt service and operating expense obligations. We also had restricted cash of $16.7 million related to the properties that secure the corporate term loan and the open-air centers and outparcels loan of which we may receive a portion via distributions semiannually and quarterly in accordance with the provisions of the term loan and the open-air centers and outparcels loan, respectively.

26

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we continued to reinvest the cash from maturing U.S. Treasury securities into new U.S. Treasury securities. We designated our U.S. Treasury securities as available-for-sale. As of March 31, 2025, our U.S. Treasury securities have maturities through March 2026. Subsequent to March 31, 2025, we redeemed and purchased additional U.S. Treasury securities. See Note 15 for more information.

In January 2025, we acquired four Macy's stores for $6.2 million, which include land, buildings and improvements, for future redevelopment at the respective properties.

In January 2025, we sold Monroeville Mall and the Annex at Monroeville for $34.0 million. A portion of the proceeds from the sale were used to paydown the open-air centers and outparcels loan by $7.1 million. In February 2025, we sold Imperial Valley Mall for $38.1 million. Net proceeds from the sale were used to paydown the secured term loan principal balance by $41.1 million. Also, during the three months ended March 31, 2025, we sold an outparcel adjacent to Northgate Mall which generated $1.2 million in gross proceeds at our share.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we exercised the extension option on one loan and entered short-term loan extensions for two loans. In March 2025, we were notified by the lender that the loan secured by The Outlet Shoppes at Laredo was in default. We are in discussions with the lender regarding a loan modification for the loan secured by The Outlet Shoppes at Laredo. In March 2025, the Alamance Crossing East foreclosure process was completed. Alamance Crossing East had an outstanding loan balance of $41.1 million prior to completion of the foreclosure process. Subsequent to March 31, 2025, we exercised the one-year extension option on the loan secured by Fayette Mall. See Note 15.

Our board of directors declared a $0.40 per share regular quarterly dividend for the first quarter of 2025 and a special dividend of $0.80 per share of common stock. Both the regular quarterly dividend and the special dividend were paid in cash on March 31, 2025, to shareholders of record as of March 13, 2025. The special dividend was made to ensure that we met the minimum requirement to maintain our status as a REIT. Subsequent to March 31, 2025, our board of directors authorized a $25.0 million share repurchase program and declared a regular cash dividend of $0.40 for the quarter ending June 30, 2025. See Note 15 for more information.

As of March 31, 2025, our total share of consolidated, unconsolidated and other outstanding debt, excluding debt discounts and deferred financing costs, maturing during 2025, assuming all extension options are elected, is $130.1 million, and our total share of consolidated, unconsolidated and other outstanding debt, excluding debt discounts and deferred financing costs, that matured prior to 2025, which remains outstanding at March 31, 2025, is $48.8 million, consisting of two property-level loans.

Cash Flows - Operating, Investing and Financing Activities

There was $123.1 million of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash as of March 31, 2025, a decrease of $4.2 million from March 31, 2024. Of this amount, $29.8 million was unrestricted cash and cash equivalents as of March 31, 2025. Also, at March 31, 2025, we had $246.3 million in U.S. Treasuries with maturities through March 2026.

Our net cash flows are summarized as follows (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  |  |  |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | Change |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  | $ | 31,679 |  |  | $ | 30,738 |  |  | $ | 941 |
Net cash provided by investing activities |  |  | 51,448 |  |  |  | 26,804 |  |  |  | 24,644 |
Net cash used in financing activities |  |  | (113,784 | ) |  |  | (53,361 | ) |  |  | (60,423 | )
Net cash flows |  | $ | (30,657 | ) |  | $ | 4,181 |  |  | $ | (34,838 | )

Cash Provided By Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities increased primarily due to the consolidation of CoolSprings Galleria, Oak Park Mall and West County Center in the current-year period related to the acquisition of our partner's 50% interest in those properties during December 2024. The increase was offset by the sales of the Layton Hills properties, the Monroeville properties and Imperial Valley Mall since the prior-year period.

Cash Provided By Investing Activities

Cash provided by investing activities increased primarily due to the sales of the Layton Hills properties, the Monroeville properties and Imperial Valley Mall since the prior-year period. The increase was partially offset by a lower amount of net redemptions of U.S. Treasury securities and a higher amount of additions and acquisitions of real estate assets during the current-year period.

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Cash Used In Financing Activities

Cash used in financing activities increased primarily due to an increase in principal payments and the payment of a first quarter 2025 special dividend during the current-year period as compared to the prior-year period. This increase was partially offset by repurchases of common stock that occurred in the prior-year period under the previous stock repurchase program.

Debt

The following tables summarize debt based on our pro rata ownership share, including our pro rata share of unconsolidated affiliates and excluding noncontrolling interests’ share of consolidated properties. Prior to consideration of unamortized deferred financing costs or debt discounts, of our $2,622.0 million outstanding debt at March 31, 2025, $2,597.5 million constituted non-recourse debt obligations and $24.5 million constituted recourse debt obligations. We believe the tables below provide investors and lenders a clearer understanding of our total debt obligations and liquidity (in thousands):

March 31, 2025: |  | Consolidated |  |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  |  | Other Debt (1) |  |  | Unconsolidated Affiliates |  |  | Total |  |  | Weighted- Average Interest Rate (2) |
Fixed-rate debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-recourse loans on operating properties |  | $ | 1,220,975 |  |  | $ | (24,234 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 366,568 |  |  | $ | 1,563,309 |  |  | 4.96% |
Non-recourse open-air centers and outparcels loan |  |  | 166,478 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 166,478 |  |  | 6.95% | (3)
Recourse loan on an operating property |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 2,798 |  |  |  | 2,798 |  |  | 7.26% |
Total fixed-rate debt |  |  | 1,387,453 |  |  |  | (24,234 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 369,366 |  |  |  | 1,732,585 |  |  | 5.16% |
Variable-rate debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-recourse loans on operating properties |  |  | 32,280 |  |  |  | (11,298 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,175 |  |  |  | 28,157 |  |  | 7.75% |
Recourse loan on an operating property |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 21,661 |  |  |  | 21,661 |  |  | 7.32% |
Non-recourse open-air centers and outparcels loan |  |  | 166,478 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 166,478 |  |  | 8.42% | (3)
Non-recourse, secured term loan |  |  | 673,129 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 673,129 |  |  | 7.19% |
Total variable-rate debt |  |  | 871,887 |  |  |  | (11,298 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 28,836 |  |  |  | 889,425 |  |  | 7.44% |
Total fixed-rate and variable-rate debt |  |  | 2,259,340 |  |  |  | (35,532 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 398,202 |  |  |  | 2,622,010 |  |  | 5.93% |
Unamortized deferred financing costs |  |  | (7,480 | ) |  |  | 135 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,528 | ) |  |  | (9,873 | ) |  |  |
Debt discounts (4) |  |  | (101,298 | ) |  |  | 1,339 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (99,959 | ) |  |  |
Total mortgage and other indebtedness, net |  | $ | 2,150,562 |  |  | $ | (34,058 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 395,674 |  |  | $ | 2,512,178 |  |  |  |
December 31, 2024: |  | Consolidated |  |  | Noncontrolling Interests |  |  | Other Debt (1) |  |  | Unconsolidated Affiliates |  |  | Total |  |  | Weighted- Average Interest Rate (2) |
Fixed-rate debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-recourse loans on operating properties |  | $ | 1,233,767 |  |  | $ | (24,392 | ) |  | $ | 41,122 |  |  | $ | 368,578 |  |  | $ | 1,619,075 |  |  | 4.98% |
Non-recourse open-air centers and outparcels loan |  |  | 170,031 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 170,031 |  |  | 6.95% | (3)
Recourse loan on an operating property |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,361 |  |  |  | 4,361 |  |  | 7.26% |
Total fixed-rate debt |  |  | 1,403,798 |  |  |  | (24,392 | ) |  |  | 41,122 |  |  |  | 372,939 |  |  |  | 1,793,467 |  |  | 5.18% |
Variable-rate debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-recourse loans on operating properties |  |  | 32,580 |  |  |  | (11,403 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 4,740 |  |  |  | 25,917 |  |  | 7.99% |
Recourse loan on an operating property |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 22,249 |  |  |  | 22,249 |  |  | 7.55% |
Non-recourse open-air centers and outparcels loan |  |  | 170,031 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 170,031 |  |  | 8.65% | (3)
Non-recourse, secured term loan |  |  | 725,495 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 725,495 |  |  | 7.42% |
Total variable-rate debt |  |  | 928,106 |  |  |  | (11,403 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 26,989 |  |  |  | 943,692 |  |  | 7.66% |
Total fixed-rate and variable-rate debt |  |  | 2,331,904 |  |  |  | (35,795 | ) |  |  | 41,122 |  |  |  | 399,928 |  |  |  | 2,737,159 |  |  | 6.03% |
Unamortized deferred financing costs |  |  | (8,688 | ) |  |  | 168 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2,613 | ) |  |  | (11,133 | ) |  |  |
Debt discounts (4) |  |  | (110,536 | ) |  |  | 1,803 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (108,733 | ) |  |  |
Total mortgage and other indebtedness, net |  | $ | 2,212,680 |  |  | $ | (33,824 | ) |  | $ | 41,122 |  |  | $ | 397,315 |  |  | $ | 2,617,293 |  |  |  |

(1)
As of December 31, 2024, represents the outstanding loan balances for Alamance Crossing East. The property was deconsolidated due to a loss of control when the property was placed into receivership in connection with the foreclosure process. The foreclosure process was completed in March 2025.
(2)
Weighted-average interest rate excludes amortization of deferred financing costs.
(3)
The interest rate is a fixed 6.95% for half of the outstanding loan balance, with the other half of the loan bearing a variable interest rate based on the 30-day SOFR plus 4.10%. The Operating Partnership has an interest rate swap on a notional amount of $32,000 related to the variable portion of the loan to effectively fix the interest rate at 7.3975%.
(4)
In conjunction with the acquisition of the Company's partner's 50% joint venture interests in CoolSprings Galleria, Oak Park Mall and West County Center and the implementation of fresh start accounting upon emergence from bankruptcy, the Company estimated the fair value of its mortgage notes with the assistance of a third-party valuation advisor. This resulted in recognizing a debt discount, which is accreted over the term of the respective debt using the effective interest method.

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The weighted-average remaining term of our total share of consolidated and unconsolidated debt, excluding debt discounts and deferred financing costs, was 2.2 years and 2.4 years at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The weighted-average remaining term of our pro rata share of fixed-rate debt, excluding debt discounts and deferred financing costs, was 2.9 years and 3.0 years at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, our total share of consolidated and unconsolidated variable-rate debt, excluding debt discounts and deferred financing costs, represented 33.9% and 34.5%, respectively, of our total pro rata share of debt, excluding debt discounts and deferred financing costs.

See Note 8 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for information concerning activity related to unconsolidated affiliates. Subsequent to March 31, 2025, we exercised the one-year extension option on the loan secured by Fayette Mall. See Note 15.

Equity

Our board of directors declared a $0.40 per share regular quarterly dividend for the first quarter of 2025 and a special dividend of $0.80 per share of common stock. Both the regular quarterly dividend and the special dividend were paid in cash on March 31, 2025, to shareholders of record as of March 13, 2025. The special dividend was made to ensure that we met the minimum requirement to maintain our status as a REIT. The decision to declare and pay dividends on any outstanding shares of our common stock, as well as the timing, amount and composition of any such future dividends, will be at the sole discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our earnings, taxable income, FFO, liquidity, financial condition, capital requirements, contractual prohibitions or other limitations under our then-current indebtedness, the annual distribution requirements under the REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, Delaware law and such other factors as our board of directors deems relevant. Any dividends payable will be determined by our board of directors based upon the circumstances at the time of declaration. Our actual results of operations will be affected by a number of factors, including the revenues received from our properties, our operating expenses, interest expense, capital expenditures and the ability of the anchors and tenants at our properties to meet their obligations for payment of rents and tenant reimbursements.

Subsequent to March 31, 2025, our board of directors authorized a $25.0 million share repurchase program and declared a regular cash dividend of $0.40 for the quarter ending June 30, 2025. See Note 15 for more information.

Capital Expenditures

The following table, which excludes expenditures for developments, redevelopments and expansions, summarizes our capital expenditures, including our share of unconsolidated affiliates' capital expenditures, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the same period in 2024 (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Tenant allowances (1) |  | $ | 6,543 |  |  | $ | 1,982 |
Maintenance capital expenditures: |  |  |  |  |  |
Parking area and parking area lighting |  |  | 997 |  |  |  | 280 |
Roof replacements |  |  | 1,276 |  |  |  | 948 |
Other capital expenditures |  |  | 3,915 |  |  |  | 4,189 |
Total maintenance capital expenditures |  |  | 6,188 |  |  |  | 5,417 |
Capitalized overhead |  |  | 381 |  |  |  | 52 |
Capitalized interest |  |  | 113 |  |  |  | 134 |
Total capital expenditures |  | $ | 13,225 |  |  | $ | 7,585 |

(1)
Tenant allowances primarily relate to new leases. Tenant allowances related to renewal leases were not material for the periods presented.

Annual capital expenditures budgets are prepared for each of our properties that are intended to provide for all necessary recurring and non-recurring capital expenditures. We believe that property operating cash flows, which include reimbursements from tenants for certain expenses, and readily available cash on hand will provide the necessary funding for these expenditures.

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Developments

Properties Under Development at March 31, 2025

(Dollars in thousands)

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | CBL's Share of |  |  |  |  |
Property |  | Location |  | CBL Ownership Interest |  | Total Project Square Feet |  |  | Total Cost (1) |  |  | Cost to Date (2) |  |  | 2025 Cost |  |  | Expected Opening Date |  | Initial Unleveraged Yield
Outparcel Development: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mayfaire Town Center - hotel development |  | Wilmington, NC |  | 49% |  |  | 83,021 |  |  | $ | 15,435 |  |  | $ | 13,314 |  |  | $ | 1,461 |  |  | Summer '25 |  | 11.0%
Redevelopments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Friendly Center - Cooper's Hawk |  | Greensboro, NC |  | 50% |  |  | 10,600 |  |  |  | 2,551 |  |  |  | 276 |  |  |  | 253 |  |  | Summer '25 |  | 10.2%
Total Properties Under Development |  |  |  |  |  |  | 93,621 |  |  | $ | 17,986 |  |  | $ | 13,590 |  |  | $ | 1,714 |  |  |  |  |

(1)
Total Cost is presented net of reimbursements to be received.
(2)
Cost to Date does not reflect reimbursements until they are received.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Unconsolidated Affiliates

We have ownership interests in 23 unconsolidated affiliates as of March 31, 2025 that are described in Note 8 to the condensed consolidated financial statements. The unconsolidated affiliates are accounted for using the equity method of accounting and are reflected in the condensed consolidated balance sheets as investments in unconsolidated affiliates.

The following are circumstances when we may consider entering into a joint venture with a third party:

•
Third parties may approach us with opportunities in which they have obtained land and performed some pre-development activities, but they may not have sufficient access to the capital resources or the development and leasing expertise to bring the project to fruition. We enter into such arrangements when we determine such a project is viable and we can achieve a satisfactory return on our investment. We typically earn development fees from the joint venture and provide management and leasing services to the property for a fee once the property is placed in operation.
•
We determine that we may have the opportunity to capitalize on the value we have created in a property by selling an interest in the property to a third party. This provides us with an additional source of capital that can be used to develop or acquire additional real estate assets that we believe will provide greater potential for growth. When we retain an interest in an asset rather than selling a 100% interest, it is typically because this allows us to continue to manage the property, which provides us the ability to earn fees for management, leasing, development and financing services provided to the joint venture.
•
We also pursue opportunities to contribute available land at our properties into joint venture partnerships for development of primarily non-retail uses such as hotels, office, self-storage and multifamily. We typically partner with developers who have expertise in the non-retail property types.

Guarantees

We may guarantee the debt of a joint venture primarily because it allows the joint venture to obtain funding at a lower cost than could be obtained otherwise. This results in a higher return for the joint venture on its investment, and a higher return on our investment in the joint venture. We may receive a fee from the joint venture for providing the guaranty. Additionally, when we issue a guaranty, the terms of the joint venture agreement typically provide that we may receive indemnification from the joint venture or have the ability to increase our ownership interest.

See Note 12 to the condensed consolidated financial statements for information related to our guarantees of unconsolidated affiliates' debt as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

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Critical Accounting Policies

Our discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based on our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the financial statements and disclosures. Some of these estimates and assumptions require application of difficult, subjective, and/or complex judgment about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and that may change in subsequent periods. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 contains a discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates in the Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations section. There have been no material changes to these policies and estimates during the three months ended March 31, 2025. Our significant accounting policies are disclosed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Non-GAAP Measure

F unds from Operations

FFO is a widely used non-GAAP measure of the operating performance of real estate companies that supplements net income (loss) determined in accordance with GAAP. The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”) defines FFO as net income (loss) (computed in accordance with GAAP) excluding gains or losses on sales of depreciable operating properties and impairment losses of depreciable properties, plus depreciation and amortization, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures and noncontrolling interests. Adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures and noncontrolling interests are calculated on the same basis. We define FFO as defined above by NAREIT. Our method of calculating FFO may be different from methods used by other REITs and, accordingly, may not be comparable to such other REITs.

We believe that FFO provides an additional indicator of the operating performance of our properties without giving effect to real estate depreciation and amortization, which assumes the value of real estate assets declines predictably over time. Since values of real estate assets have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, we believe that FFO enhances investors’ understanding of our operating performance. The use of FFO as an indicator of financial performance is influenced not only by the operations of our properties and interest rates, but also by our capital structure.

We believe FFO allocable to Operating Partnership common unitholders is a useful performance measure since we conduct substantially all our business through our Operating Partnership and, therefore, it reflects the performance of our properties in absolute terms regardless of the ratio of ownership interests of our common shareholders and the noncontrolling interest in our Operating Partnership.

In our reconciliation of net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders to FFO allocable to Operating Partnership common unitholders that is presented below, we make an adjustment to add back noncontrolling interest in income (loss) of our Operating Partnership in order to arrive at FFO of the Operating Partnership common unitholders.

FFO does not represent cash flows from operations as defined by GAAP, is not necessarily indicative of cash available to fund all cash flow needs and should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) for purposes of evaluating our operating performance or to cash flow as a measure of liquidity.

We believe that it is important to identify the impact of certain significant items on our FFO measures for a reader to have a complete understanding of our results of operations. Therefore, we have also presented adjusted FFO measures excluding these significant items from the applicable periods. Please refer to the reconciliation of net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders to FFO allocable to Operating Partnership common unitholders below for a description of these adjustments.

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The reconciliation of net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders to FFO allocable to Operating Partnership common unitholders for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 is as follows (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |
|  | 2025 |  |  | 2024 |
Net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders |  | $ | 8,212 |  |  | $ | (209 | )
Noncontrolling interest in income of Operating Partnership |  |  | 6 |  |  |  | — |
Earnings allocable to unvested restricted stock |  |  | — |  |  |  | 259 |
Depreciation and amortization expense of: |  |  |  |  |  |
Consolidated properties |  |  | 45,541 |  |  |  | 38,040 |
Unconsolidated affiliates |  |  | 3,432 |  |  |  | 3,989 |
Non-real estate assets |  |  | (247 | ) |  |  | (259 | )
Noncontrolling interests' share of depreciation and amortization in other consolidated subsidiaries |  |  | (426 | ) |  |  | (560 | )
Loss on impairment, net of taxes |  |  | — |  |  |  | 619 |
Gain on depreciable property, net of taxes |  |  | (21,706 | ) |  |  | (3,721 | )
FFO allocable to Operating Partnership common unitholders |  |  | 34,812 |  |  |  | 38,158 |
Debt discount accretion, including our share of unconsolidated affiliates and net of noncontrolling interests' share (1) |  |  | 9,207 |  |  |  | 11,795 |
Adjustment for unconsolidated affiliates with negative investment (2) |  |  | 1,534 |  |  |  | (2,568 | )
Litigation settlement (3) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (68 | )
Non-cash default interest expense (4) |  |  | 363 |  |  |  | — |
Loss on extinguishment of debt (5) |  |  | 217 |  |  |  | — |
FFO allocable to Operating Partnership common unitholders, as adjusted |  | $ | 46,133 |  |  | $ | 47,317 |

(1)
In conjunction with the acquisition of our partners' 50% joint venture interests in CoolSprings Galleria, Oak Park Mall and West County Center and the implementation of fresh start accounting upon emergence from bankruptcy, we recognized debt discounts equal to the difference between the outstanding balance of mortgage notes payable and the estimated fair value of such mortgage notes payable. The debt discounts are accreted as additional interest expense over the terms of the respective mortgage notes payable using the effective interest method. We began recognizing the debt discount accretion associated with the acquisition of our partner's 50% joint venture interests in CoolSprings Galleria, Oak Park Mall and West County Center during the three months ended March 31, 2025.
(2)
Represents our share of the earnings (losses) before depreciation and amortization expense of unconsolidated affiliates where we are not recognizing equity in earnings (losses) because our investment in the unconsolidated affiliate is below zero.
(3)
Represents a credit to litigation settlement expense related to claim amounts that were released pursuant to the terms of the settlement agreement related to the settlement of a class action lawsuit.
(4)
The three months ended March 31, 2025 includes default interest on loans past their maturity dates.
(5)
During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we made a partial paydown on the open-air centers and outparcels loan and recognized loss on extinguishment of debt related to a prepayment fee.

The decrease in FFO, as adjusted, for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was primarily driven by the sales of Imperial Valley Mall, the Layton Hills properties, Annex at Monroeville and Monroeville Mall. The decrease was partially offset by an increase in FFO, as adjusted, due to the acquisition of our partner's 50% interest in CoolSprings Galleria, Oak Park Mall and West County Center in December 2024.

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ITEM 3: Quantitative and Qualita tive Disclosures About Market Risk

We are exposed to various market risk exposures, including interest rate risk. The following discussion regarding our risk management activities includes forward-looking statements that involve risk and uncertainties. Estimates of future performance and economic conditions are reflected assuming certain changes in interest rates. Caution should be used in evaluating our overall market risk from the information presented below, as actual results may differ.

Interest Rate Risk

As discussed in greater detail in Note 8 of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company uses interest rate swaps to manage its interest rate risk. Based on our proportionate share of consolidated and unconsolidated variable-rate debt at March 31, 2025, a 0.5% increase or decrease in interest rates on variable-rate debt would increase or decrease annual interest expense by approximately $4.4 million.

Based on our proportionate share of total consolidated, unconsolidated and other debt at March 31, 2025, a 0.5% increase in interest rates would decrease the fair value of debt by approximately $15.5 million, while a 0.5% decrease in interest rates would increase the fair value of debt by approximately $16.0 million.

ITEM 4: Control s and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report, an evaluation was performed under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer and with the participation of our management, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 13a-15. The Company's disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC rules and forms and to ensure that information we are required to disclose is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during our most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II - OTHE R INFORMATION

ITEM 1: Leg al Proceedings

The information in this Item 1 is incorporated by reference herein from Note 12.

ITEM 1A. R isk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the risks that could materially affect our business, financial condition or results of operations that are discussed under the caption “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. The risk factor set forth below updates, and should be read together with, such risk factors.

International trade disputes, including U.S. trade tariffs and retaliatory tariffs, could adversely impact our business.

International trade disputes, including threatened or implemented tariffs imposed by the United States and threatened or implemented tariffs imposed by foreign countries in retaliation, could adversely impact our business. Many of our tenants sell imported goods, and tariffs or other trade restrictions could materially increase costs for these tenants. To the extent our tenants are unable to pass these costs on to their customers, our tenants’ operations could be adversely impacted, which among other things, could weaken demand by those tenants for our real estate. If the operations of potential future tenants are similarly adversely impacted, overall demand for our real estate may also weaken. In addition, international trade disputes, including those related to tariffs, could result in inflationary pressures that directly impact our costs, such as costs for steel, lumber and other materials applicable to our redevelopment projects. Trade disputes could also adversely impact global supply chains which could further increase costs for us and our tenants or delay delivery of key inventories and supplies.

ITEM 2: Unregistered Sales of Equ ity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) |  |  | Average Price Paid Per Share (2) |  |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of a Publicly Announced Plan |  |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plan (in thousands) |
January 1–31, 2025 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
February 1–28, 2025 |  |  | 36,139 |  |  |  | 31.63 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
March 1–31, 2025 |  |  | 245 |  |  |  | 26.81 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total |  |  | 36,384 |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |

(1)
Represents shares surrendered to the Company by employees to satisfy federal and state income tax requirements related to the vesting of shares of restricted stock.
(2)
Represents the market value of the common stock on the vesting date for the shares of restricted stock, which was used to determine the number of shares required to be surrendered to satisfy income tax withholding requirements.

ITEM 3: Defaults U pon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

ITEM 4: Mine S afety Disclosures

Not applicable.

ITEM 5: Othe r Information

During the quarterly period ended March 31, 2025, none of our directors or officers (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act) adopted or terminated any Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement (as such terms are defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K under the Act).

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ITEM 6: Exhibits

INDEX TO EXHIBITS

Exhibit Number |  | Description
10.1 |  | CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. Named Executive Officer Annual Incentive Compensation Plan (AIP) (Fiscal Year 2025) (incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 18, 2025).
10.2 |  | CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference from the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 16, 2021).
10.3 |  | 2025 Long Term Incentive Plan under CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 18, 2025).
10.4 |  | Form of 2025 LTIP Performance Stock Unit Award Agreement under CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 18, 2025).
10.5 |  | Form of 2025 LTIP Stock Restriction Agreement under CBL & Associates Properties, Inc. 2021 Equity Incentive Plan (incorporated by reference from the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 18, 2025).
31.1 |  | Certification pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) by the Chief Executive Officer, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for CBL & Associates Properties, Inc.
31.2 |  | Certification pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(a) by the Chief Financial Officer, as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for CBL & Associates Properties, Inc.
32.1 |  | Certification pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(b) by the Chief Executive Officer, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for CBL & Associates Properties, Inc.
32.2 |  | Certification pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rule 13a-14(b) by the Chief Financial Officer as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for CBL & Associates Properties, Inc.
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. (Filed herewith.)
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document. (Filed herewith.)
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document. (Filed herewith.)
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document. (Filed herewith.)
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document. (Filed herewith.)
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document. (Filed herewith.)
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibits 101.*). (Filed herewith.)

35

SIGNAT URES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| CBL & ASSOCIATES PROPERTIES, INC.
Date: May 5, 2025 | /s/ Benjamin W. Jaenicke
| Benjamin W. Jaenicke
| Executive Vice President -
| Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
| (Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer)

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