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BUSINESS ACQUISITION (Note) | 6 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2019
Business Combinations [Abstract] |
BUSINESS ACQUISITION | BUSINESS ACQUISITIONS 2019 Acquisition ValuePenguin On January 10, 2019, the Company acquired Value Holding, Inc., the parent company of ValuePenguin Inc. ("ValuePenguin"), a personal finance website that offers consumers objective analysis on a variety of financial topics from insurance to credit cards. The Company made an upfront cash payment of $106.1 million at the closing of the transaction, funded through $90.0 million drawn on the Company's Revolving Credit Facility and the balance using cash on hand. The purchase price of $106.2 million is comprised of the upfront cash payment of $106.1 million and a $0.1 million post-closing payment for working capital settlement. The acquisition has been accounted for as a business combination. The preliminary allocation of purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is as follows (in thousands):
| Preliminary Fair Value
Net working capital | $ | 2,796 |
Fixed assets | 68 |
Intangible assets | 31,600 |
Goodwill | 71,444 |
Net noncurrent assets | 324 |
Total purchase price | $ | 106,232 |
The Company primarily used the income approach for the valuation as appropriate, and used valuation inputs in these models and analyses that were based on market participant assumptions. Market participants are buyers and sellers unrelated to the Company and fair value is determined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction at the measurement date. The acquired intangible assets are definite-lived assets consisting of developed technology, content and trademarks and tradenames. The estimated fair values of the developed technology were determined using cost replacement analysis, the content was determined using excess earnings analysis, and the trademarks and tradenames were determined using relief from royalty analysis. The fair value of the intangible assets with definite lives are as follows (dollars in thousands):
| Preliminary Fair Value | Weighted Average Amortization Life
Technology | $ | 4,200 |  | 3 years
Content | 26,100 |  | 3 years
Trademarks and tradenames | 1,300 |  | 5 years
Total intangible assets | $ | 31,600 |  | 3.1 years
As of June 30, 2019, the Company has not completed its determination of the final allocation of the purchase price to the assets and liabilities of the acquisition. The final allocation of purchase price is expected to be finalized in 2019. Any adjustment to the assets and liabilities assumed with the acquisition will adjust goodwill. The Company recorded preliminary goodwill of $71.4 million, which represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of tangible and intangible assets acquired, net of the liabilities assumed. The goodwill is primarily attributable to ValuePenguin as a going concern, which represents the ability of the Company to earn a higher return on the collection of assets and business of ValuePenguin than if those assets and business were to be acquired and managed separately. The benefit of access to the workforce is an additional element of goodwill. The goodwill is recorded in the Company’s one reportable segment. For income tax purposes, the Company preliminarily accounted for the acquisition as an asset purchase which would indicate the goodwill will be tax deductible. As of June 30, 2019, the Company has completed the assessment of this election to treat the acquisition as an asset purchase and the election will be timely filed. Subsequent to the acquisition date, the Company’s consolidated results of operations include the results of the acquired ValuePenguin business. In the second quarter and first six months of 2019, the Company’s consolidated results of operations include revenue of $5.5 million and $10.9 million, respectively, and net income from continuing operations of $1.2 million and $3.1 million, respectively. Acquisition-related costs were $0.1 million in the first six months of 2019 and are included in general and administrative expense on the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income. 2018 Acquisitions QuoteWizard On October 31, 2018, the Company acquired QuoteWizard.com, LLC ("QuoteWizard"), one of the largest insurance comparison marketplaces in the growing online insurance advertising market. QuoteWizard services clients by driving consumers to insurance companies’ websites, providing leads to agents and carriers, as well as phone transfers of consumers into carrier call centers. The Company paid $299.9 million in initial cash consideration, funded through $174.9 million of cash on hand and $125.0 million drawn on the Revolving Credit Facility, and could make up to three additional earnout payments, each ranging from zero to $23.4 million, based on certain defined operating results during the earnout periods November 1, 2018 through October 31, 2019, November 1, 2019 through October 31, 2020, and November 1, 2020 through October 31, 2021. These additional payments, to the extent earned, will be payable in cash. The purchase price of $313.4 million is comprised of the upfront cash payment of $299.9 million, $13.9 million for the estimated fair value of the earnout payments, and a $0.4 million post-closing receipt for working capital settlement. As of June 30, 2019, the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration totaled $37.6 million, of which $22.4 million is included in current contingent consideration and $15.2 million is included in non-current contingent consideration in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration payments is determined using an option pricing model. The estimated value of the contingent consideration is based upon available information and certain assumptions, known at the time of this report, which management believes are reasonable. Any differences in the actual contingent consideration payments will be recorded in operating income in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. During the second quarter and first six months of 2019, the Company recorded $2.5 million and $16.9 million, respectively, of contingent consideration expense in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income due to the change in estimated fair value of the contingent consideration. The acquisition has been accounted for as a business combination. The preliminary allocation of purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed is as follows (in thousands):
| Preliminary Fair Value
Net working capital | $ | 8,381 |
Fixed assets | 1,509 |
Intangible assets | 120,400 |
Goodwill | 183,036 |
Other noncurrent assets | 29 |
Total purchase price | $ | 313,355 |
The Company primarily used the income approach for the valuation as appropriate, and used valuation inputs in these models and analyses that were based on market participant assumptions. Market participants are buyers and sellers unrelated to the Company and fair value is determined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction at the measurement date. The acquired intangible assets are definite-lived assets consisting of developed technology, customer relationships, content and trademarks and tradenames. The estimated fair values of the developed technology were determined using excess earnings analysis, the customer relationships were determined using the distributor method, the content was determined using cost replacement analysis, and the trademarks and tradenames were determined using relief from royalty analysis. The fair value of the intangible assets with definite lives are as follows (dollars in thousands):
| Preliminary Fair Value | Weighted Average Amortization Life
Technology | $ | 68,900 |  | 4 years
Customer lists | 42,700 |  | 14.7 years
Content | 1,000 |  | 3 years
Trademarks and tradenames | 7,800 |  | 5 years
Total intangible assets | $ | 120,400 |  | 7.9 years
As of June 30, 2019, the Company has not completed its determination of the final allocation of the purchase price to the assets and liabilities of the acquisition. The final allocation of purchase price is expected to be finalized in the third quarter of 2019. Any adjustment to the assets and liabilities assumed with the acquisition will adjust goodwill. The Company recorded preliminary goodwill of $183.0 million, which represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of tangible and intangible assets acquired, net of the liabilities assumed. The goodwill is primarily attributable to QuoteWizard as a going concern, which represents the ability of the Company to earn a higher return on the collection of assets and business of QuoteWizard than if those assets and business were to be acquired and managed separately. The benefit of access to the workforce is an additional element of goodwill. The goodwill is recorded in the Company’s one reportable segment. For income tax purposes, the acquisition was an asset purchase and the goodwill will be tax deductible. The unaudited pro forma financial results for the second quarter and first six months of 2018 below combine the consolidated results of the Company and QuoteWizard, giving effect to the acquisition as if it had been completed on January 1, 2017. This unaudited pro forma financial information is presented for informational purposes only and is not indicative of future operations or results had the acquisition been completed as of January 1, 2017, or any other date. The unaudited pro forma financial results include adjustments for additional amortization expense based on the fair value of the intangible assets with definite lives and their estimated useful lives, as well as changes in depreciation expense associated with the change in fair value of the property, plant and equipment recorded in relation to the acquisition. Interest expense was adjusted to eliminate historical interest associated with QuoteWizard's revolving credit facility and notes payable that were not assumed with the acquisition, as well as reflect incremental interest expense associated with debt issued to finance the acquisition. The provision for income taxes from continuing operations has also been adjusted to reflect taxes on the historical results of operations of QuoteWizard. QuoteWizard did not pay taxes at the entity level as it was a limited liability company whose members elected for it to be taxed as a partnership.
| Three Months Ended June 30, 2018 |  | Six Months Ended June 30, 2018
| (in thousands)
Pro forma revenue | $ | 221,839 |  |  | $ | 440,596 |
Pro forma net income from continuing operations | $ | 42,813 |  |  | $ | 78,413 |
Acquisition-related costs incurred by the Company and QuoteWizard that are directly attributable to the acquisition, and which will not have an ongoing impact, have been eliminated from the unaudited pro forma net income from continuing operations for the second quarter and first six months of 2018. Ovation On June 11, 2018, the Company acquired Ovation Credit Services, Inc., a leading provider of credit services with a strong customer service reputation. Ovation utilizes a proprietary software application that facilitates the credit repair process and is integrated directly with certain credit bureaus while educating consumers on credit improvement via ongoing outreach with Ovation case advisors. The proprietary software application offers consumers a simple, streamlined process to identify, dispute, and correct inaccuracies within their credit reports. The Company paid $12.2 million in initial cash consideration and could make up to two additional earnout payments, each ranging from zero to $4.375 million, based on certain defined operating metrics during the earnout periods July 1, 2018 through June 30, 2019 and July 1, 2019 through June 30, 2020. These additional payments, to the extent earned, will be payable in cash. The purchase price of $17.9 million is comprised of the upfront cash payment of $12.2 million, $5.8 million for the estimated fair value of the earnout payments, and a $0.1 million post-closing receipt for working capital settlement. As of June 30, 2019, the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration totaled $7.4 million, of which $4.3 million is included in current contingent consideration and $3.1 million is included in non-current contingent consideration in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration payments is determined using an option pricing model. The estimated value of the contingent consideration is based upon available information and certain assumptions, known at the time of this report, which management believes are reasonable. Any differences in the actual contingent consideration payments will be recorded in operating income in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. During the second quarter of 2019, the Company recorded contingent consideration expense of $0.6 million in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income due to the change in estimated fair value of the contingent consideration. The acquisition has been accounted for as a business combination. In the second quarter of 2019, the Company completed the determination of the final allocation of purchase price to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed as follows (in thousands):
| Fair Value
Net working capital | $ | 303 |
Fixed assets | 76 |
Intangible assets | 8,900 |
Goodwill | 11,280 |
Net deferred tax liabilities | (2,688 | )
Total purchase price | $ | 17,871 |
The Company primarily used the income approach for the valuation as appropriate, and used valuation inputs in these models and analyses that were based on market participant assumptions. Market participants are buyers and sellers unrelated to the Company and fair value is determined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction at the measurement date. The acquired intangible assets are definite-lived assets consisting of developed technology, customer relationships and trademarks and tradenames. The estimated fair values of the developed technology were determined using excess earnings analysis, the customer relationships were determined using cost savings analysis and the trademarks and tradenames were determined using relief from royalty analysis. The fair value of the intangible assets with definite lives are as follows (dollars in thousands):
| Fair Value | Weighted Average Amortization Life
Technology | $ | 6,000 |  | 7 years
Customer lists | 1,900 |  | 1 year
Trademarks and tradenames | 1,000 |  | 4 years
Total intangible assets | $ | 8,900 |  | 5.4 years
The Company recorded goodwill of $11.3 million, which represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of tangible and intangible assets acquired, net of the liabilities assumed. The goodwill is primarily attributable to Ovation as a going concern, which represents the ability of the Company to earn a higher return on the collection of assets and business of Ovation than if those assets and business were to be acquired and managed separately. The benefit of access to the workforce is an additional element of goodwill. The goodwill is recorded in the Company’s one reportable segment. For income tax purposes, the acquisition was an equity purchase and the goodwill will not be tax deductible. Changes in Contingent Consideration SnapCap On September 19, 2017, the Company acquired certain assets of Snap Capital LLC, which does business under the name SnapCap (“SnapCap”). SnapCap, a tech-enabled online platform, connects business owners with lenders offering small business loans, lines of credit and merchant cash advance products through a concierge-based sales approach. The Company paid $11.9 million of initial cash consideration and could make up to three additional contingent consideration payments, each ranging from zero to $3.0 million, based on certain defined operating results during the periods of October 1, 2017 through September 30, 2018, October 1, 2018 through September 30, 2019 and October 1, 2019 through March 31, 2020. These additional payments, to the extent earned, will be payable in cash. In the first quarter of 2019, the Company paid $3.0 million related to the earnout payment for the period of October 1, 2017 through September 30, 2018, which is included within cash flows from financing activities on the consolidated statement of cash flows. As of June 30, 2019, the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration totaled $5.2 million, of which $2.9 million is included in current contingent consideration and $2.3 million is included in non-current contingent consideration in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The estimated fair value of the contingent consideration payments is determined using an option pricing model. The estimated value of the contingent consideration is based upon available information and certain assumptions, known at the time of this report, which management believes are reasonable. Any differences in the actual contingent consideration payments will be recorded in operating income in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. During the second quarter and first six months of 2019, the Company recorded a gain of $0.1 million and contingent consideration expense of $1.5 million, respectively, in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income due to the change in estimated fair value of the contingent consideration. DepositAccounts On June 14, 2017, the Company acquired substantially all of the assets of Deposits Online, LLC, which does business under the name DepositAccounts.com (“DepositAccounts”). DepositAccounts is a leading consumer-facing media property in the depository industry and is one of the most comprehensive sources of depository deals and analysis on the Internet, covering all major deposit product categories through editorial content, programmatic rate tables and user-generated content. The Company paid $24.0 million of initial cash consideration and could make additional contingent consideration payments of up to $9.0 million. The potential contingent consideration payments are comprised of (i) up to seven payments of $1.0 million each based on specified increases in Federal Funds interest rates during the period commencing on the closing date and ending on June 30, 2020 and (ii) a one-time performance payment of up to $2.0 million based on the net revenue of deposit products during the period of January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2018. These additional payments, to the extent earned, will be payable in cash. In the third quarter of 2017, the Company made a payment of $1.0 million associated with a specified increase in the Federal Funds rate in June 2017. In each of the four quarters of 2018, the Company paid $1.0 million associated with specified increases in the Federal Funds rate in December 2017, March 2018, June 2018 and September 2018, respectively. In the first quarter of 2019, the Company paid $1.0 million associated with a specified increase in the Federal Funds rate in December 2018. In the second quarter of 2019, the Company paid $2.0 million associated with the one-time performance payment based on the net revenue of deposit products during the period of January 1, 2018 through December 31, 2018. The contingent consideration paid in the first six months of 2019 is included within cash flows from operating activities on the consolidated statement of cash flows. The estimated fair value of the portion of the contingent consideration payments based on increases in interest rates is determined using a scenario approach based on the interest rate forecasts of Federal Open Market Committee participants. The estimated value of the contingent consideration is based upon available information and certain assumptions, known at the time of this report, which management believes are reasonable. Any differences in the actual contingent consideration payments will be recorded in operating income in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. As of June 30, 2019, no liability has been recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet for the remaining contingent consideration payment based on Federal Funds interest rates. Accordingly, during the second quarter and first six months of 2019, the Company recorded gains of $0.2 million and $1.0 million, respectively, in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income due to the change in estimated fair value of the contingent consideration. Pro forma Financial Results The unaudited pro forma financial results for the first six months of 2019 and the second quarter and first six months of 2018 combine the consolidated results of the Company and Ovation, Student Loan Hero, Inc. (“Student Loan Hero”), QuoteWizard and ValuePenguin, giving effect to the acquisitions as if the Ovation, Student Loan Hero and QuoteWizard acquisitions had been completed on January 1, 2017, and as if the ValuePenguin acquisition had been completed on January 1, 2018. This unaudited pro forma financial information is presented for informational purposes only and is not indicative of future operations or results had the acquisitions been completed as of January 1, 2017 or 2018, or any other date. The unaudited pro forma financial results include adjustments for additional amortization expense based on the fair value of the intangible assets with definite lives and their estimated useful lives. Depreciation expense and interest expense was adjusted for the impact of the QuoteWizard acquisition, as described above. Interest expense was also adjusted to reflect incremental interest associated with debt issued to finance the ValuePenguin acquisition. The provision for income taxes from continuing operations has been adjusted to reflect taxes on the historical results of operations of QuoteWizard. QuoteWizard did not pay taxes at the entity level as it was a limited liability company whose members elected for it to be taxed as a partnership.
| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
| (in thousands)
Pro forma revenue | $ | 234,264 |  |  | $ | 541,326 |  |  | $ | 464,148 |
Pro forma net income from continuing operations | $ | 44,314 |  |  | $ | 13,250 |  |  | $ | 79,902 |
The unaudited pro forma net income from continuing operations in the first six months of 2019 includes the aggregate after tax contingent consideration expense associated with the DepositAccounts, SnapCap, Ovation and QuoteWizard earnouts of $12.6 million. The unaudited pro forma net income from continuing operations in the second quarter and first six months of 2018 includes the aggregate after tax contingent consideration gain associated with the DepositAccounts and SnapCap earnouts of $0.3 million and $1.1 million, respectively. The unaudited pro forma net income from continuing operations for the first six months of 2018 has been adjusted to include acquisition-related costs of $0.6 million incurred by the Company that are directly attributable to the ValuePenguin acquisition, and which will not have an ongoing impact. Accordingly, such acquisition-related costs have been eliminated from the unaudited pro forma net income from continuing operations for the first six months of 2019. Acquisition-related costs incurred by the Company, Student Loan Hero and QuoteWizard that are directly attributable to the Ovation, Student Loan Hero and QuoteWizard acquisitions, and which will not have an ongoing impact, have been eliminated from the unaudited pro forma net income from continuing operations for the second quarter and first six months of 2018.

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