10-K 1 fmbh-20181231x10k.htm 10-K

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018
Or
[ ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from _____________ to ______________
Commission file number 0-13368
FIRST MID-ILLINOIS BANCSHARES, INC.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 37-1103704
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. employer identification no.)
1421 Charleston Avenue, Mattoon, Illinois | 61938
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip code)
(217) 234-7454
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Common stock, par value $4.00 per share
(Title of class)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
NONE

I ndicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. [ ] Yes [X ] No
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. [ ] Yes [X] No
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant has submitted electronically, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes [X ] No [ ]
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendments to this Form Yes [ x ]
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, "smaller reporting company” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer [ ] | Accelerated filer [X]
Non-accelerated filer [ ] | Smaller reporting company [ ]
| Emerging growth company [ ]

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. [ ]
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). [ ] Yes [X] No
The aggregate market value of the outstanding common stock, other than shares held by persons who may be deemed affiliates of the Registrant, as of the last business day of the Registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter was approximately $513,588,874. Determination of stock ownership by non-affiliates was made solely for the purpose of responding to this requirement and the Registrant is not bound by this determination for any other purpose.
As of March 5, 2019, 16,671,367 shares of the Registrant’s common stock, $4.00 par value, were outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Document | Into Form 10-K Part:

Portions of the Proxy Statement for 2019 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on April 24, 2019 III

First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc.
Form 10-K Table of Contents
|  | Page
Part I |  |
Item 1 | Business | 3
Item 1A | Risk Factors | 13
Item 1B | Unresolved Staff Comments | 15
Item 2 | Properties | 15
Item 3 | Legal Proceedings | 15
Item 4 | [Reserved] | 16
Part II |  |
Item 5 | Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities | 17
Item 6 | Selected Financial Data | 19
Item 7 | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 20
Item 7A | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 47
Item 8 | Financial Statements and Supplementary Data | 49
Item 9 | Changes In and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure | 110
Item 9A | Controls and Procedures | 110
Item 9B | Other Information | 112
Part III |  |
Item 10 | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance | 112
Item 11 | Executive Compensation | 112
Item 12 | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | 113
Item 13 | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence | 113
Item 14 | Principal Accountant Fees and Services | 113
Part IV |  |
Item 15 | Exhibit and Financial Statement Schedules | 114
Item 16 | Form 10-K Summary | 114
Signatures |  | 115
Exhibit Index |  | 116

PART I

ITEM 1. | BUSINESS

Company and Subsidiaries
First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc. (the “Company”) is a financial holding company. The Company is engaged in the business of banking through its wholly owned subsidiaries, First Mid Bank & Trust, N.A. (“First Mid Bank”) and Soy Capital Bank & Trust Company ("Soy Capital Bank"). The Company provides data processing services to affiliates through another wholly owned subsidiary, Mid-Illinois Data Services, Inc. (“MIDS”). The Company offers insurance products and services to customers through its wholly owned subsidiary, First Mid Insurance Group (“First Mid Insurance”). The Company offers trust, farm services, investment services, and retirement planning through its wholly owned subsidiary, First Mid Wealth Management Company. The Company also wholly owns four statutory business trusts, First Mid-Illinois Statutory Trust I (“First Mid Trust I”), and First Mid-Illinois Statutory Trust II (“First Mid Trust II”), Clover Leaf Statutory Trust I ("CLST Trust"), and FBTC Statutory Trust I ("FBTCST I"), all of which are unconsolidated subsidiaries of the Company.
The Company, a Delaware corporation, was incorporated on September 8, 1981, and pursuant to the approval of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve Board”) became the holding company owning all of the outstanding stock of First National Bank, Mattoon (“First National”) on June 1, 1982. First National changed its name to First Mid-Illinois Bank & Trust, N.A. in 1992. The Company acquired all of the outstanding stock of a number of community banks or thrift institutions on the following dates, and subsequently combined their operations with those of the Company:

• | Mattoon Bank, Mattoon on April 2, 1984

• | State Bank of Sullivan on April 1, 1985

• | Cumberland County National Bank in Neoga on December 31, 1985

• | First National Bank and Trust Company of Douglas County on December 31, 1986

• | Charleston Community Bank on December 30, 1987

• | Heartland Federal Savings and Loan Association on July 1, 1992

• | Downstate Bancshares, Inc. on October 4, 1994

• | American Bank of Illinois on April 20, 2001

• | Peoples State Bank of Mansfield on May 1, 2006

• | First Clover Leaf Financial on September 8, 2016

• | First BancTrust Corporation on August 10, 2018

• | SCB Bancorp Inc. on November 15, 2018

In 1997, First Mid Bank acquired the Charleston, Illinois branch location and the customer base of First of America Bank and in 1999 acquired the Monticello, Taylorville and DeLand branch offices and deposit base of Bank One Illinois, N.A.
First Mid Bank also opened a de novo branch in Decatur, Illinois (2000); de novo branches in Champaign, Illinois and Maryville, Illinois (2002), a de novo branch in Highland, Illinois (2005) de novo branches in Decatur, Illinois and Champaign, Illinois (2009), and a de novo branch in Decatur, Illinois (2013).
In 2002, the Company acquired all of the outstanding stock of First Mid Insurance, an insurance agency located in Mattoon.
On September 10, 2010, First Mid Bank acquired 10 Illinois branches from First Bank, a Missouri state chartered bank, located in Bartonville, Bloomington, Galesburg, Knoxville, Peoria and Quincy, Illinois.
On August 14, 2015 First Mid Bank acquired 12 Illinois branch offices (the "ONB Branches") of Old National Bank in Southern Illinois, a national banking association having its principal office in Evansville, Indiana, located in Lawrenceville, Mt Carmel, Mt Vernon, Carmi, De Soto, Murphysboro, Marion, Harrisburg, Carterville and Carbondale, Illinois.
On December 1, 2015 FIrst Mid Insurance acquired Illiana Insurance Agency, LTD ("Illiana"), an insurance agency based in Philo, Illinois.
Employees
The Company and its subsidiaries collectively employed 818 people on a full-time equivalent basis as of December 31, 2018. The Company places a high priority on staff development, which involves extensive training, including customer service training. New employees are selected on the basis of experience, technical skills and customer service capabilities. None of the employees are covered by a collective bargaining agreement with the Company. The Company offers a variety of employee benefits.
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Business Lines
The Company has chosen to operate in three primary lines of business—community banking through First Mid Bank and Soy Capital Bank, wealth management through First Mid Wealth Management Company, and insurance brokerage through First Mid Insurance. Of these, the community banking line contributes approximately 90% of the Company’s total revenues. Within the community banking line, the Company serves commercial, retail and agricultural customers with a broad array of deposit and loan related products. The wealth management line provides estate planning, investment and farm management services for individuals and employee benefit services for business enterprises. The insurance brokerage line provides commercial lines insurance to businesses as well as homeowner, automobile, health, life and other types of personal lines insurance to individuals. All three lines emphasize a “hands on” approach to service so that products and services can be tailored to fit the specific needs of existing and potential customers. Management believes that by emphasizing this personalized approach, the Company can, to a degree, diminish the trend towards homogeneous financial services, thereby differentiating the Company from competitors and allowing for slightly higher operating margins in each of the three lines.
Business Strategies
Mission Statement. The Company’s mission statement is to fulfill the financial needs of our communities with exceptional personal service, professionalism and integrity, and deliver meaningful value and results for customers and shareholders.
Achieve 2020. Achieve 2020 is a strategic plan that was developed in 2015. This multi-year strategic plan has broad-based initiatives designed to ensure the Company performs at a level with the highest performing community banks in the Midwest and to increase value for its shareholders, customers and employees in the future. The strategic plan was developed by executive management of the Company, modified and adopted by the Board of Directors and communicated to employees. The plan is reviewed and updated, if needed, annually. The Achieve 2020 plan was not undertaken as a result of any weaknesses or deficiencies identified during the Company's control assessments but rather as part of the Company's effort to continually assess and improve. Achieve 2020 is comprised of broad strategies that impact growth, customers, employees, and operations and infrastructure, shareholders and risk management. Following is a description of these strategies.
Growth Strategy. The Company believes that growth of revenues and its customer base is vital to the goal of increasing the value of its shareholders’ investment. The Company strives to create shareholder value by maintaining a strong balance sheet and increasing profits. Management attempts to grow in two primary ways:
· by organic growth through adding new customers and selling more products and services to existing customers; and
· by strategic acquisitions.
Virtually all of the Company’s customer-contact personnel, in each of its business lines, are engaged in organic growth efforts to one degree or another. These personnel attempt to match products and services with the particular financial needs of individual customers and prospective customers. Many senior officers of the organization are required to attend monthly meetings where they report on their business development efforts and results. Executive management uses these meetings as an educational and risk management opportunity as well. Cross-selling opportunities are encouraged and measured between the business lines and is facilitated by an on-line application.
Within the community banking line, the Company has focused on growing business operating and real estate loans. Total commercial real estate loans have increased from $380 million at December 31, 2014 to $907 million at December 31, 2018. Of this increase, approximately $20 million was the result of the acquisition of the ONB Branches in the third quarter of 2015 and $156 million was the result of the acquisition of First Clover Leaf in the third quarter of 2016, $55 million was the result of the acquisition of First Bank during the second quarter of 2018, and $50 million was the result of the acquisition of Soy Capital Bank during the fourth quarter of 2018. Approximately 67% of the Company’s total revenues were derived from lending activities in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018. The Company has also focused on growing its commercial and retail deposit base through growth in checking, money markets and customer repurchase agreement balances. The wealth management line has focused its growth efforts on estate planning, and investment services for individuals and employee benefit services for businesses. The insurance brokerage line has focused on increasing property and casualty, senior insurance products and group medical insurance for businesses and personal lines insurance to individuals.
Growth through acquisitions has been an integral part of the Company’s strategy for an extended period of time. When reviewing acquisition possibilities, the Company focuses on those organizations where there is a cultural fit with its existing operations and where there is a strong likelihood of building shareholder value.
Customer Strategy. The Company uses its market and customer knowledge to build relationships that provide high-value customer experiences that continually improve customer satisfaction and loyalty.
Employee Strategy. The Company strives for employee engagement at all levels of the organization. The judgments, experiences and capabilities of these employees are used to create an environment where meeting the needs of our customer, communities and stockholders is always a priority.
Strategy for Operations & Infrastructure. Operationally, the Company centralizes most administrative and operational tasks within its home office in Mattoon, Illinois. This allows branches to maintain customer focus, helps assure compliance with banking regulations, keeps fixed administrative costs at as low a level as practicable, and allows for better management of risk inherent in the business. The Company also utilizes technology where practicable in daily banking activities to reduce the potential for human error. While the Company does not employ every new technology that is introduced, it attempts to be competitive with other banking organizations with respect to operational and customer technology.
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Shareholder Strategy. The Company strives to provide a competitive dividend as well as the opportunity for stock price appreciation and is focused on improving the liquidity of the stock.
Risk Management Strategy. The Company maintains a comprehensive risk management framework. The Company has initiated an Enterprise Risk Management (“ERM”) process whereby management assesses the relevant risks inherent in the business, determines internal controls and procedures are in place to address the various risks, develops a structure for monitoring and reporting risk indicators and trends over time, and incorporates action plans to manage risk positions. The ERM process was not undertaken as a result of any weaknesses or deficiencies identified during the Company’s control assessments but rather is part of the Company’s effort to continually assess and improve by taking a more holistic approach to risk management. The Company's Chief Risk Management Officer is responsible for facilitating the ERM process. The Company utilizes a comprehensive set of operational policies and procedures that have been developed over time. These policies are continually reviewed by management, the Chief Risk Management Officer, and the Board of Directors. The Company’s internal audit function completes procedures to ensure compliance with these policies. While there are several risks that pertain to the business of banking, three risks that are inherent with most banking companies are credit risk, interest rate risk, and liquidity risk.
In the business of banking, credit risk is an important risk as losses from uncollectible loans can diminish capital, earnings and shareholder value. In order to address this risk, the lending function of First Mid Bank and Soy Capital Bank receives significant oversight from executive management and the Board of Directors. An important element of credit risk management is the quality, experience and training of the loan officers. The Company has invested, and will continue to invest, significant resources to ensure the quality, experience and training of our loan officers in order to keep credit losses at a minimum. In addition to the human element of credit risk management, the Company’s loan policies address the additional aspects of credit risk. Most lending personnel have signature authority that allows them to lend up to a certain amount based on their own judgment as to the creditworthiness of a borrower. The amount of the signature authority is based on the lending officers’ experience and training. The Senior Loan Committee, consisting of the most experienced lenders within the organization, must approve all underwriting decisions in excess of $4 million and up to $15 million. The Board of Directors must approve all underwriting decisions in excess of $15 million. The legal lending limit for First Mid Bank was $52.6 million and Soy Capital Bank was $6.8 million at December 31, 2018. While the underlying nature of lending will result in some amount of loan losses, First Mid's loan loss experience has been good with average net charge offs amounting to $1.6 million (0.10% of total loans) over the past five years. Nonperforming loans were $39.8 million (1.51% of total loans) at December 31, 2018. These percentages have historically compared well with peer financial institutions and continue to do so today.
Interest rate and liquidity risk are two other forms of risk embedded in the banking business. The Company’s Asset Liability Management Committee, consisting of experienced individuals, from various departments, who monitor all aspects of interest rates and maturities of interest earning assets and interest paying liabilities, manages these risks. The underlying objectives of interest rate and liquidity risk management are to shelter the Company’s net interest margin from changes in interest rates while maintaining adequate liquidity reserves to meet unanticipated funding demands. The Company uses financial modeling technology as a tool for evaluating these risks. Despite the tools and methods used to monitor this risk, a sustained unfavorable interest rate environment will lead to some amount of compression in the net interest margin. During 2018, the Company’s net interest margin increased to 3.71% from 3.57% in 2017 primarily due to the increase interest earnings assets and net accretion income from the acquisition of First Clover Leaf.
Markets and Competition
The Company has active competition in all areas in which First Mid Bank and Soy Capital Bank do business. The banks compete for commercial and individual deposits, loans, and trust business with many east central Illinois banks, savings and loan associations, and credit unions. The principal methods of competition in the banking and financial services industry are quality of services to customers, ease of access to facilities, on-line services and pricing of services, including interest rates paid on deposits, interest rates charged on loans, and fees charged for fiduciary and other banking services.
During 2018, First Mid Bank and Soy Capital Bank operated branches in the Illinois counties of Adams, Champaign, Christian, Clark, Coles, Cumberland, Dewitt, Douglas, Edgar, Effingham, Jackson, Jefferson, Kankakee, Knox, Lawrence, Macon, Madison, Moultrie, McClean, Peoria, Piatt, Saline, St Clair, Wabash, White and Williamson and in Missouri, St. Louis county. Each branch primarily serves the community in which it is located. First Mid Bank served thirty-seven different communities with sixty-four separate locations in Illinois, 1 location in Missouri, and a loan production office in Indiana.
Website
The Company maintains a website at www.firstmid.com. All periodic and current reports of the Company and amendments to these reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) can be accessed, free of charge, through this website and at www.sec.gov as soon as reasonably practicable after these materials are filed with the SEC.
First BancTrust Corporation
On December 11, 2017, the Company and Project Hawks Merger Sub LLC (formerly known as Project Hawks Merger Sub Corp.), a newly formed Delaware limited liability company and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“Hawks Merger Sub”), entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (as amended as of January 18, 2018, the “First Bank Merger Agreement") with First BancTrust Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“First Bank”), pursuant to which, among other things, the Company agreed to acquire 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of First Bank pursuant to a business combination whereby First Bank merged with and into Hawks Merger Sub, with Hawks Merger Sub as the surviving entity and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “First Bank Merger”).
Subject to the terms and conditions of the First Bank Merger Agreement, at the effective time of the First Bank Merger, each share of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of First Bank issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the First Bank Merger (other than shares held in treasury by First Bank and shares held by stockholders who have properly made and not withdrawn a demand for appraisal rights under Delaware law) converted into and
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become the right to receive, (a) $5.00 in cash and (b) 0.800 shares of common stock, par value $4.00 per share, of the Company and cash in lieu of fractional shares, less any applicable taxes required to be withheld and subject to certain adjustments, all as set forth in the First Bank Merger Agreement.
The First Bank Merger closed on May 1, 2018 and the Company issued an aggregate total of 1,643,900 shares of common stock and paid approximately $10,275,000, including cash in lieu of fractional shares. The accounting for the First Bank Merger is presented in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements. First Bank’s wholly-owned bank subsidiary, First Bank & Trust, merged with and into the Company’s wholly owned bank subsidiary, First Mid Bank, on August 10, 2018. At the time of the bank merger, First Bank & Trust’s banking offices became branches of First Mid Bank.
SCB Bancorp, Inc.
On June 12, 2018, The Company and Project Almond Merger Sub LLC, a newly formed Illinois limited liability company and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“Almond Merger Sub”), entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “SCB Merger Agreement”) with SCB Bancorp, Inc., an Illinois corporation (“SCB”), pursuant to which, among other things, the Company agreed to acquire 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of SCB pursuant to a business combination whereby SCB will merge with and into Almond Merger Sub, whereupon the separate corporate existence of SCB will cease and Merger Sub will continue as the surviving company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “SCB Merger”).
Subject to the terms and conditions of the SCB Merger Agreement, at the effective time of the SCB Merger, each share of common stock, par value $7.50 per share, of SCB issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the SCB Merger were converted into and become the right to receive, at the election of each stockholder, either $307.93 in cash or 8.0228 shares of common stock, par value $4.00 per share, of the Company and cash in lieu of fractional shares, less any applicable taxes required to be withheld. In addition, immediately prior to the closing of the proposed merger, SCB paid a special dividend to its shareholders in the aggregate amount of approximately $25 million. The SCB Merger was subject to customary closing conditions, including the approval of the appropriate regulatory authorities and of the stockholders of SCB. The SCB Merger was completed November 15, 2018 and an aggregate of 1,330,571 shares of common stock were issued, and approximately $19,046,000 was paid, to the stockholders of SCB, including cash in lieu of fractional shares.
It is anticipated that SCB’s wholly-owned bank subsidiary, Soy Capital Bank and Trust Company (“Soy Capital Bank”), will be merged with and into First Mid Bank on April 6, 2019. At the time of the bank merger, Soy Capital Bank’s banking offices will become branches of First Mid Bank.
Capital Raise
On June 13, 2018, the Company and First Mid Bank entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with FIG Partners, LLC, as the representative of the several underwriters named therein (the “Underwriters”), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and sell to the Underwriters and the Underwriters agreed to purchase, subject to and upon the terms and conditions of the Underwriting Agreement, an aggregate of 823,799 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $4.00 per share, at a public offering price of $38.00 per share, in an underwritten public offering (the “Offering”). The Company granted the Underwriters an option for a period of 30 days after the date of the Underwriting Agreement to purchase up to an additional 123,569 shares of common stock at the public offering price, less discounts and commissions. The Underwriters exercised their option in full on June 13, 2018, resulting in 947,368 shares of common stock being offered in the Offering. The Offering closed on June 15, 2018. The net proceeds to the Company, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses, were approximately $34.0 million.
At-The-Market Program
On August 16, 2017, the Company entered into a Sales Agency Agreement, pursuant to which the Company may sell, from time to time, up to an aggregate of $20 million of its common stock. Shares of common stock are offered pursuant to the Company's shelf registration statement filed within the SEC. During 2018, the company sold no shares of common stock under the program. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, the company sold 98,710 shares of common stock at the weighted average price of approximately $35.13, representing gross proceeds of $3.47 million and net proceeds of $3.4 million. As of December 31, 2018, approximately $16.53 million of common stock remained available for issuance under the At The Market program.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
At the Annual Meeting of Stockholders held April 25, 2018, the stockholders approved the First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). The ESPP provides eligible employees with the opportunity to purchase shares of common stock of the Company at a 5% discount through payroll deductions. The ESPP is intended to qualify as an employee stock purchase plan under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code. A maximum of 600,000 shares of common stock may be issued under the ESPP.
Supervision and Regulation
General
Financial institutions, financial services companies, and their holding companies are extensively regulated under federal and state law. As a result, the growth and earnings performance of the Company can be affected not only by management decisions and general economic conditions, but also by the requirements of applicable state and federal statutes and regulations and the policies of various governmental regulatory authorities including, but not limited to, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (the “OCC”), the Federal Reserve Board, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”), the Internal Revenue Service and state taxing authorities. Any change in applicable laws, regulations or regulatory policies may have material effects on the business, operations and prospects of the Company, First Mid Bank, and Soy Capital Bank. The Company is unable to predict the nature or extent of the effects that fiscal or monetary policies, economic controls or new federal or state legislation may have on its business and earnings in the future.
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Federal and state laws and regulations generally applicable to financial institutions and financial services companies, such as the Company and its subsidiaries, regulate, among other things, the scope of business, investments, reserves against deposits, capital levels relative to operations, the nature and amount of collateral for loans, the establishment of branches, mergers, consolidations and dividends. The system of supervision and regulation applicable to the Company and its subsidiaries establishes a comprehensive framework for their respective operations and is intended primarily for the protection of the FDIC’s deposit insurance fund and the depositors, rather than the stockholders, of financial institutions.
The following references to material statutes and regulations affecting the Company and its subsidiaries are brief summaries thereof and do not purport to be complete, and are qualified in their entirety by reference to such statutes and regulations. Any change in applicable law or regulations may have a material effect on the business of the Company and its subsidiaries.
Financial Modernization Legislation
The 1999 Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (the “GLB Act”) significantly changed financial services regulation by expanding permissible non-banking activities of bank holding companies and removing certain barriers to affiliations among banks, insurance companies, securities firms and other financial services entities. These activities and affiliations can be structured through a holding company structure or, in the case of many of the activities, through a financial subsidiary of a bank. The GLB Act also established a system of federal and state regulation based on functional regulation, meaning that primary regulatory oversight for a particular activity generally resides with the federal or state regulator having the greatest expertise in the area. Banking is supervised by banking regulators, insurance by state insurance regulators and securities activities by the SEC and state securities regulators. The GLB Act also requires the disclosure of agreements reached with community groups that relate to the Community Reinvestment Act, and contains various other provisions designed to improve the delivery of financial services to consumers while maintaining an appropriate level of safety in the financial services industry.
The GLB Act repealed the anti-affiliation provisions of the Glass-Steagall Act and revised the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 (the “BHCA”) to permit qualifying holding companies, called “financial holding companies,” to engage in, or to affiliate with companies engaged in, a full range of financial activities, including banking, insurance activities (including insurance portfolio investing), securities activities, merchant banking and additional activities that are “financial in nature,” incidental to financial activities or, in certain circumstances, complementary to financial activities. A bank holding company’s subsidiary banks must be “well-capitalized” and “well-managed” and have at least a “satisfactory” Community Reinvestment Act rating for the bank holding company to elect and maintain its status as a financial holding company.
A significant component of the GLB Act’s focus on functional regulation relates to the application of federal securities laws and SEC oversight of some bank securities activities previously exempt from broker-dealer registration. Among other things, the GLB Act amended the definitions of “broker” and “dealer” under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, to remove the blanket exemption for banks. Under the GLB Act, banks may conduct securities activities without broker-dealer registration only if the activities fall within a set of activity-based exemptions designed to allow banks to conduct only those activities traditionally considered to be primarily banking or trust activities.
Securities activities outside these exemptions, as a practical matter, need to be conducted by a registered broker-dealer affiliate. The GLB Act also amended the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 to require the registration of banks that act as investment advisers for mutual funds. The Company believes that it has taken the necessary actions to comply with these requirements of the GLB Act and the regulations adopted under them.
Anti-Terrorism Legislation
The USA PATRIOT Act of 2001 included the International Money Laundering Abatement and Anti-Terrorist Financing Act of 2001 (the “IMLAFA”). The IMLAFA contains anti-money laundering measures affecting insured depository institutions, broker-dealers, and certain other financial institutions. The IMLAFA requires U.S. financial institutions to adopt policies and procedures to combat money laundering and grants the Secretary of the Treasury broad authority to establish regulations and to impose requirements and restrictions on financial institutions’ operations. The Company has established policies and procedures for compliance with the IMLAFA and the related regulations. The Company has designated an officer solely responsible for ensuring compliance with existing regulations and monitoring changes to the regulations as they occur.
Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) was signed into law on July 21, 2010. Generally, the Act is effective the day after it was signed into law, but different effective dates apply to specific sections of the law. The Act, among other things:

• | Resulted in the Federal Reserve issuing rules limiting debit-card interchange fees.

• | After a three-year phase-in period which began January 1, 2013, existing trust preferred securities for holding companies with consolidated assets greater than $15 billion and all new issuances of trust preferred securities are removed as a permitted component of a holding company’s Tier 1 capital. Trust preferred securities outstanding as of May 19, 2010 that were issued by bank holding companies with total consolidated assets of less than $15 billion, such as First Mid Bank and Soy Capital Bank, will continue to count as Tier 1 capital.

• | Provides for new disclosure and other requirements relating to executive compensation and corporate governance.

• | Changes standards for Federal preemption of state laws related to federally chartered institutions and their subsidiaries.

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• | Provides mortgage reform provisions including (i) a customer’s ability to repay, (ii) restricting variable-rate lending by requiring the ability to repay to be determined for variable-rate loans by requiring lenders to evaluate using the maximum rate that will apply during the first five years of a variable-rate loan term, and (iii) making more loans subject to provisions for higher cost loans and new disclosures.

• | Creates a financial stability oversight council that will recommend to the Federal Reserve increasingly strict rules for capital, leverage, liquidity, risk management and other requirements as companies grow in size and complexity.

• | Permanently increases the deposit insurance coverage to $250 thousand and allows depository institutions to pay interest on checking accounts.

• | Requires publicly-traded bank holding companies with assets of $10 billion or more to establish a risk committee responsible for enterprise-wide risk management practices.

• | Limits and regulates, under the provisions of the Act know as the Volker Rule, a financial institution's ability to engage in proprietary trading or to own or invest in certain private equity and hedge funds.

Basel III
In September 2010, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision proposed higher global minimum capital standards, including a minimum Tier 1 common capital ratio and additional capital and liquidity requirements. On July 2, 2013, the Federal Reserve Board approved a final rule to implement these reforms and changes required by the Dodd-Frank Act. This final rule was subsequently adopted by the OCC and the FDIC.
The final rule included new risk-based capital and leverage ratios, which are being phased in from 2015 to 2019, and refined the definition of what constitutes “capital” for purposes of calculating those ratios. The new minimum capital level requirements applicable to the Company and First Mid Bank beginning in 2015 were: (i) a new common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 4.5%; (ii) a Tier 1 capital ratio of 6%; (iii) a total capital ratio of 8%; and (iv) a Tier 1 leverage ratio of 4%. The rule also established a “capital conservation buffer” of 2.5% above the new regulatory minimum capital requirements, which must consist entirely of common equity Tier 1 capital and will result in the following minimum ratios: (i) a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 7.0%, (ii) a Tier 1 capital ratio of 8.5%, and (iii) a total capital ratio of 10.5%. The new capital conservation buffer requirement will be phased in beginning in January 2016 at 0.625% of risk weighted assets and will increase by that amount each year until fully implemented in January 2019. An institution will be subject to limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases and paying discretionary bonuses if its capital level falls below the buffer amount.
The final rule also made three changes to the proposed rule of June 2012 that impacted the Company. First, the proposed rule required banking organizations to include accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”) in common equity tier 1 capital. AOCI includes accumulated unrealized gains and losses on certain assets and liabilities that have not been included in net income. Under existing general risk-based capital rules, most components of AOCI are not included in a banking organization's regulatory capital calculations. The final rule allowed community banking organizations to make a one-time election not to include these additional components of AOCI in regulatory capital and instead use the existing treatment under the general risk-based capital rules that excludes most AOCI components from regulatory capital. The Company has made this election.
Second, the proposed rule modified the risk-weight framework applicable to residential mortgage exposures to require banking organizations to divide residential mortgage exposure into two categories in order to determine the applicable risk weight. The final rule, however, retained the existing treatment for residential mortgage exposures under the general risk-based capital rules.
Third, the proposed rule required banking organizations with total consolidated assets of less than $15 billion as of December 31, 2009, such as the Company, to phase out over ten years any trust preferred securities and cumulative perpetual preferred securities from its Tier 1 capital regulatory capital. The final rule, however, permanently grandfathers into Tier 1 capital of depository institution holding companies with total consolidated assets of less than $15 billion as of December 31, 2009 any trust preferred securities or cumulative perpetual preferred stock issued before May 19, 2010.
The Company
General. As a registered financial holding company under the BHCA that has elected to become a financial holding company under the GLB Act, the Company is subject to regulation by the Federal Reserve Board. In accordance with Federal Reserve Board policy, the Company is expected to act as a source of financial strength to First Mid Bank and to commit resources to support First Mid Bank in circumstances where the Company might not do so absent such policy. The Company is subject to inspection, examination, and supervision by the Federal Reserve Board.
Activities. As a financial holding company, the Company may affiliate with securities firms and insurance companies and engage in other activities that are financial in nature or incidental or complementary to activities that are financial in nature. A bank holding company that is not also a financial holding company is limited to engaging in banking and such other activities as determined by the Federal Reserve Board to be so closely related to banking or managing or controlling banks as to be a proper incident thereto.
No Federal Reserve Board approval is required for the Company to acquire a company (other than a bank holding company, bank, or savings association) engaged in activities that are financial in nature or incidental to activities that are financial in nature, as determined by the Federal Reserve Board. However, the Company generally must give the Federal Reserve Board after-the-fact notice of these activities. Prior Federal Reserve Board approval is required before the Company may acquire beneficial ownership or control of more than 5% of the voting shares or substantially all of the assets of a bank holding company, bank, or savings association.
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If any subsidiary bank of the Company ceases to be “well-capitalized” or “well-managed” under applicable regulatory standards, the Federal Reserve Board may, among other actions, order the Company to divest its depository institution. Alternatively, the Company may elect to conform its activities to those permissible for a bank holding company that is not also a financial holding company.
If any subsidiary bank of the Company receives a rating under the Community Reinvestment Act of less than “satisfactory”, the Company will be prohibited, until the rating is raised to “satisfactory” or better, from engaging in new activities or acquiring companies other than bank holding companies, banks, or savings associations.
Capital Requirements. Bank holding companies are required to maintain minimum levels of capital in accordance with Federal Reserve Board capital adequacy guidelines. The Federal Reserve Board’s capital guidelines establish the following minimum regulatory capital requirements for bank holding companies for 2018, which include the partial phase in of the capital conservation buffer: a total capital to total risk-based capital ratio of not less than 9.875%, a Tier 1 risk-based ratio of not less than 7.875%, a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of not less than 6.375%, and a Tier 1 leverage ratio of not less than 4.00%. For purposes of these capital standards, Tier 1 capital consists primarily of permanent stockholders’ equity, less intangible assets (other than certain mortgage servicing rights and purchased credit card relationships), and total capital means Tier 1 capital plus certain other debt and equity instruments which do not qualify as Tier 1 capital, limited amounts of unrealized gains on equity securities and a portion of the Company’s allowance for loan and lease losses.
The risk-based and leverage standards described above are minimum requirements, and higher capital levels will be required if warranted by the particular circumstances or risk profiles of individual banking organizations. For example, the Federal Reserve Board’s capital guidelines contemplate that additional capital may be required to take adequate account of, among other things, interest rate risk, or the risks posed by concentrations of credit, nontraditional activities or securities trading activities. Further, any banking organization experiencing or anticipating significant growth would be expected to maintain capital ratios, including tangible capital positions (i.e., Tier 1 capital less all intangible assets), well above the minimum levels.
As of December 31, 2018, the Company had regulatory capital, calculated on a consolidated basis, in excess of the Federal Reserve Board’s minimum requirements, and its capital ratios exceeded those required for categorization as well-capitalized under the capital adequacy guidelines established by bank regulatory agencies with a total risk-based capital ratio of 13.63%, a Tier 1 risk-based ratio of 12.76%, a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of 11.81% and a leverage ratio of 11.15%.
Control Acquisitions. The Change in Bank Control Act prohibits a person or group of person from acquiring “control” of a bank holding company unless the Federal Reserve Board has been notified and has not objected to the transaction. Under a rebuttable presumption established by the Federal Reserve Board, the acquisition of 10% or more of a class of voting stock of a bank holding company with a class of securities registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, such as the Company, would, under the circumstances set forth in the presumption, constitute acquisition of control of the Company. In addition, any company is required to obtain the approval of the Federal Reserve Board under the BHCA before acquiring 25% (5% in the case of an acquirer that is a bank holding company) or more of the outstanding common of the Company, or otherwise obtaining control of a “controlling influence” over the Company or First Mid Bank.
Interstate Banking and Branching. The Dodd-Frank Act expands the authority of banks to engage in interstate branching. The Dodd-Frank Act allows a state or national bank to open a de novo branch in another state if the law of the state where the branch is to be located would permit a state bank chartered by that state to open the branch.
Privacy and Security. The GLB Act establishes a minimum federal standard of financial privacy by, among other provisions, requiring banks to adopt and disclose privacy policies with respect to consumer information and setting forth certain rules with respect to the disclosure to third parties of consumer information. The Company has adopted and disseminated its privacy policies pursuant to the GLB Act. Regulations adopted under the GLB Act set standards for protecting the security, confidentiality and integrity of customer information, and require notice to regulators, and in some cases, to customers, in the event of security breaches. A number of states have adopted their own statutes requiring notification of security breaches. In addition, the GLB Act requires the disclosure of agreements reached with community groups that relate to the CRA, and contains various other provisions designed to improve the delivery of financial services to consumers while maintaining an appropriate level of safety in the financial services industry.
First Mid Bank and Soy Capital Bank
General. First Mid Bank is a national bank, chartered under the National Bank Act. Soy Capital Bank is an Illinois state-chartered bank. The FDIC insures the deposit accounts of the Banks. The Banks are members of the Federal Reserve System and are subject to the examination, supervision, reporting and enforcement requirements of the OCC, as the primary federal regulator of national banks, the Illinois Department of Financial and Professional Regulation, Division of Banking (the "IDFPR"), as the primary regulator of Illinois chartered banks, and the FDIC, as administrator of the deposit insurance fund.
Deposit Insurance. As an FDIC-insured institution, the Banks are required to pay deposit insurance premium assessments to the FDIC. On July 21, 2010, The Dodd-Frank Act permanently raised the standard maximum deposit insurance amount from $100,000 to $250,000.
On February 27, 2009, the FDIC adopted a final rule setting initial base assessment rates beginning April 1, 2009, at 12 to 45 basis points and, due to extraordinary circumstances, extended the period of the restoration plan to increase the deposit insurance fund to seven years. Also on February 27, 2009, the FDIC issued final rules on changes to the risk-based assessment system which imposes rates based on an institution’s risk to the deposit insurance fund. The rates increased the range of annual risk based assessment rates from 5 to 7 basis points to 7 to 24 basis points. The final rules both increase base assessment rates and incorporate additional assessments for excess reliance on brokered deposits and FHLB advances. This new assessment took effect April 1, 2009. The Company expensed $967,000, $779,000 and $851,000 for this assessment during 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The increase in this assessment was primarily due to an increase in quarterly average assets.
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In addition to its insurance assessment, each insured bank was subject to quarterly debt service assessments in connection with bonds issued by a government corporation that financed the federal savings and loan bailout. The Company expensed $92,000, $126,000 and $115,000 during 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, for this assessment.
OCC Assessments. All national banks are required to pay supervisory fees to the OCC to fund the operations of the OCC. The amount of such supervisory fees is based upon each institution’s total assets, including consolidated subsidiaries, as reported to the OCC. During the year ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016 the Company expensed supervisory fees totaling $596,000, $582,000, and $453,000, respectively. Changes in total expense are due to changes in assessment rates and increases in total assets of the bank.
Capital Requirements. The banking regulators has established the following minimum capital standards for banks for 2018, which include the partial phase in of the capital conservation buffer in a total capital to total risk-based capital ratio of not less than 9.875%, a Tier 1 risk-based ratio of not less than 7.875%, a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of not less than 6.375%, and a Tier 1 leverage ratio of not less than 4.00%. For purposes of these capital standards, Tier 1 capital and total capital consists of substantially the same components as Tier 1 capital and total capital under the Federal Reserve Board’s capital guidelines for bank holding companies (See “The Company—Capital Requirements”).
The capital requirements described above are minimum requirements. Higher capital levels will be required if warranted by the particular circumstances or risk profiles of individual institutions. For example, the banking regulators provide that additional capital may be required to take adequate account of, among other things, interest rate risk or the risks posed by concentrations of credit, nontraditional activities or securities trading activities.
During the year ended December 31, 2018, First Mid Bank and Soy Capital Bank were not required to increase capital to an amount in excess of the minimum regulatory requirements, and capital ratios exceeded those required for categorization as well-capitalized under the capital adequacy guidelines established by bank regulatory agencies. First Mid Bank's total risk-based capital ratio was 12.85%, Tier 1 risk-based ratio was 11.89%, common equity Tier 1 ratio was 11.89% and leverage ratio was 9.92%. Soy Capital Bank's total risk-based capital ratio was 14.33%, Tier 1 risk-based ratio was 14.33% and leverage ratio was 11.12%.
Prompt Corrective Action. Federal law provides the federal banking regulators with broad power to take prompt corrective action to resolve the problems of undercapitalized institutions. The extent of the regulators’ powers depends on whether the institution in question is “well-capitalized,” “adequately-capitalized,” “undercapitalized,” “significantly undercapitalized” or “critically undercapitalized.” Depending upon the capital category to which an institution is assigned, the regulators’ corrective powers include: requiring the submission of a capital restoration plan; placing limits on asset growth and restrictions on activities; requiring the institution to issue additional capital stock (including additional voting stock) or to be acquired; restricting transactions with affiliates; restricting the interest rate the institution may pay on deposits; ordering a new election of directors of the institution; requiring that senior executive officers or directors be dismissed; prohibiting the institution from accepting deposits from correspondent banks; requiring the institution to divest certain subsidiaries; prohibiting the payment of principal or interest on subordinated debt; and in the most severe cases, appointing a conservator or receiver for the institution.
Dividends. The National Bank Act and the Illinois Banking Act impose limitations on the amount of dividends that may be paid by a bank. Generally, a bank may pay dividends out of its undivided profits, in such amounts and at such times as the bank’s board of directors deems prudent. Without prior OCC approval, however, a national bank may not pay dividends in any calendar year which, in the aggregate, exceed the bank’s year-to-date net income plus the bank’s adjusted retained net income for the two preceding years.
The payment of dividends by any financial institution or its holding company is affected by the requirement to maintain adequate capital pursuant to applicable capital adequacy guidelines and regulations, and a financial institution generally is prohibited from paying any dividends if, following payment thereof, the institution would be undercapitalized. As described above, First Mid Bank and Soy Capital Bank exceeded minimum capital requirements under applicable guidelines as of December 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2018, approximately $28.8 million was available to be paid as dividends to the Company by First Mid Bank. Notwithstanding the availability of funds for dividends, however, the OCC or IDFPR may prohibit the payment of any dividends if the OCC or IDFPR, as applicable, determines that such payment would constitute an unsafe or unsound practice.
Affiliate and Insider Transactions. First Mid Bank and Soy Capital Bank are subject to certain restrictions under federal law, including Regulation W of the Federal Reserve Board, on extensions of credit to the Company and its subsidiaries, on investments in the stock or other securities of the Company and its subsidiaries and the acceptance of the stock or other securities of the Company or its subsidiaries as collateral for loans. Certain limitations and reporting requirements are also placed on extensions of credit by First Mid Bank and Soy Capital Bank to their directors and officers, to directors and officers of the Company and its subsidiaries, to principal stockholders of the Company, and to “related interests” of such directors, officers and principal stockholders.
First Mid Bank and Soy Capital Bank is subject to restrictions under federal law that limits certain transactions with the Company, including loans, other extensions of credit, investments or asset purchases. Such transactions by a banking subsidiary with any one affiliate are limited in amount to 10% of the bank’s capital and surplus and, with all affiliates together, to an aggregate of 20% of the bank’s capital and surplus. Furthermore, such loans and extensions of credit, as well as certain other transactions, are required to be secured in specified amounts. These and certain other transactions, including any payment of money to the Company, must be on terms and conditions that are or in good faith would be offered to nonaffiliated companies.
In addition, federal law and regulations may affect the terms upon which any person becoming a director or officer of the Company or one of its subsidiaries or a principal stockholder of the Company may obtain credit from banks with which First Mid Bank or Soy Capital Bank maintains a correspondent relationship.
Safety and Soundness Standards. The federal banking agencies have adopted guidelines that establish operational and managerial standards to promote the safety and soundness of federally insured depository institutions. The guidelines set forth standards for internal controls, information systems, internal audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate exposure, asset growth, compensation, fees and benefits, asset quality and
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earnings. In general, the guidelines prescribe the goals to be achieved in each area, and each institution is responsible for establishing its own procedures to achieve those goals. If an institution fails to comply with any of the standards set forth in the guidelines, the institution’s primary federal regulator may require the institution to submit a plan for achieving and maintaining compliance. The preamble to the guidelines states that the agencies expect to require a compliance plan from an institution whose failure to meet one or more of the guidelines are of such severity that it could threaten the safety and soundness of the institution. Failure to submit an acceptable plan, or failure to comply with a plan that has been accepted by the appropriate federal regulator, would constitute grounds for further enforcement action.
Community Reinvestment Act. First Mid Bank and Soy Capital Bank is subject to the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA). The CRA and the regulations issued thereunder are intended to encourage banks to help meet the credit needs of their service areas, including low and moderate income neighborhoods, consistent with the safe and sound operations of the banks. These regulations also provide for regulatory assessment of a bank’s record in meeting the needs of its service area when considering applications to establish branches, merger applications and applications to acquire the assets and assume the liabilities of another bank. The Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act of 1989 requires federal banking agencies to make public a rating of a bank’s performance under the CRA. In the case of a bank holding company, the CRA performance record of its bank subsidiaries is reviewed by federal banking agencies in connection with the filing of an application to acquire ownership or control of shares or assets of a bank or thrift or to merge with any other bank holding company. An unsatisfactory record can substantially delay or block the transaction. First Mid Bank and Soy Capital Bank received satisfactory CRA ratings from their regulator in their most recent CRA examination.
Consumer Laws and Regulations. In addition to the laws and regulations discussed above, First Mid Bank and Soy Capital Bank are also subject to certain consumer laws and regulations that are designed to protect consumers in transactions with banks. While the list set forth herein is not exhaustive, these laws and regulations include the Truth in Lending Act, the Truth in Savings Act, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act, the Fair Housing Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act, the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act and the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act, among others. These laws and regulations mandate certain disclosure requirements and regulate the manner in which financial institutions must deal with customers when taking deposits, making loans to or marketing to or engaging in other types of transactions with such customers. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations could lead to substantial penalties, operating restrictions and reputational damage to the financial institution.
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Supplemental Item – Executive Officers of the Registrant
The executive officers of the Company are elected annually by the Company’s Board of Directors and are identified below.

Name (Age) | Position With Company
Joseph R. Dively (59) | Chairman of the Board of Directors, President and Chief Executive Officer
Michael L. Taylor (50) | Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer
Matthew K. Smith (44) | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Eric S. McRae (53) | Executive Vice President
Bradley L. Beesley (47) | Executive Vice President
Laurel G. Allenbaugh (58) | Executive Vice President
Clay M. Dean (44) | Executive Vice President
Amanda D. Lewis (39) | Executive Vice President
David Hiden (57) | Senior Vice President
Christopher L. Slabach (56) | Senior Vice President
Rhonda Gatons (47) | Senior Vice President

Joseph R. Dively, age 59, is the Chairman of the Board of Directors, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company since January 1, 2014 and the President of First Mid Bank since May 2011. Prior to assuming these positions in the Company, he was the Senior Executive Vice President of the Company beginning in May 2011. He was with Consolidated Communications Holdings, Inc. in Mattoon, Illinois from 2003 to May 2011.
Michael L. Taylor, age 50, has been Senior Executive Vice President since 2014 and Chief Operating Officer since July 2017. He served as Chief Financial Officer of the Company from 2000 to 2017. He served as Executive Vice President from 2007 to 2014 and as Vice President from 2000 to 2007. He was with AMCORE Bank in Rockford, Illinois from 1996 to 2000.
Matthew K. Smith, age 44, has been Executive Vice President of the Company since November 2016 and Chief Financial Officer since July 2017. He served as Director of Finance from November 2016 to July 2017. He was Treasurer and Vice President of Finance and Investor Relations with Consolidated Communications, Inc from 1997 to 2016.
Eric S. McRae, age 53, has been Executive Vice President of the Company and Executive Vice President, Chief Credit Officer of First Mid Bank since January 2017. He served as Senior Lender of First Mid Bank from December 2008 to December 2016 and he served as President of the Decatur region from 2001 to December 2008.
Bradley L. Beesley, age 47, has been Executive Vice President of the Company and Chief Trust & Wealth Management Officer of First Mid Bank since March 2015 and First Mid Wealth Management Company since July 2018. He served as Senior Vice President from May 2007 to March 2015.
Laurel G. Allenbaugh, age 58, has been Executive Vice President of the Company and Executive Vice President, Chief Operations Officer of First Mid Bank since April 2008. She served as Vice President of Operations from February 2000 to April 2008. She served as Controller of the Company and First Mid Bank from 1990 to February 2000 and has been President of MIDS since 1998.
Clay M. Dean, age 44, has been Executive Vice President of the Company since January 2019 and Senior Vice President of the Company since 2010 and Senior Vice President and Chief Insurance Services Officer of the First Mid Bank and Chief Executive Officer of First Mid Insurance since September 2014. He served as Senior Vice President, Chief Deposit Services Officer of First Mid Bank from November 2012 to September 2014 and as Senior Vice President, Director of Treasury Management of First Mid Bank from 2010 to 2012.
Amanda D. Lewis, age 39, has been Executive Vice President of the Company since January 2019 and Senior Vice President of the Company and Senior Vice President, Retail Banking Officer of First Mid Bank since September 2014. She served as Vice President, Director of Marketing from 2001 until September 2014.
David Hiden, age 57, has been Senior Vice President, Chief Information Officer of the Company since July 2018.
Christopher L. Slabach, age 56, has been Senior Vice President of the Company since 2007 and Senior Vice President, Chief Risk Officer of First Mid Bank since 2008. He served as Vice President, Audit of the Company from 1998 to 2007.
Rhonda Gatons, age 47, has been Senior Vice President of the Company and Director of Human Resources since March 2016. Prior to joining the Company, she was the Director of Human Resources at Midland States Bank.
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ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS

Various risks and uncertainties, some of which are difficult to predict and beyond the Company’s control, could negatively impact the Company. As a financial institution, the Company is exposed to interest rate risk, liquidity risk, credit risk, operational risk, risks from economic or market conditions, and general business risks among others. Adverse experience with these or other risks could have a material impact on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations, as well as the value of its common stock.
Difficult economic conditions and market disruption have adversely impacted the banking industry and financial markets generally and may again significantly affect the business, financial condition, or results of operations of the Company. The Company’s success depends, to a certain extent, upon economic and political conditions, local and national, as well as governmental monetary policies. Conditions such as inflation, recession, unemployment, changes in interest rates, money supply and other factors beyond the Company’s control may adversely affect its asset quality, deposit levels and loan demand and, therefore, its earnings.
The Company’s profitability depends significantly on economic conditions in the geographic region in which it operates. A large percentage of the Company’s loans are to individuals and businesses in Illinois, consequently, any decline in the economy of this market area could have a materially adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.
Decline in the strength and stability of other financial institutions may adversely affect the Company’s business. The actions and commercial soundness of other financial institutions could affect the Company’s ability to engage in routine funding transactions. Financial services institutions are interrelated as a result of clearing, counterparty or other relationships. The Company has exposure to different counterparties, and executes transactions with various counterparties in the financial industry. Recent defaults by financial services institutions, and even rumors or questions about one or more financial services institutions or the financial services industry in general, led to market-wide liquidity problems in recent years and could lead to losses or defaults by the Company or by other institutions. Many of these transactions expose the Company to credit risk in the event of default of its counterparty or client. Any such losses could materially and adversely affect the Company’s results of operations.
Changes in interest rates may negatively affect our earnings. Changes in market interest rates and prices may adversely affect the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. The Company’s net interest income, its largest source of revenue, is highly dependent on achieving a positive spread between the interest earned on loans and investments and the interest paid on deposits and borrowings. Changes in interest rates could negatively impact the Company’s ability to attract deposits, make loans, and achieve a positive spread resulting in compression of the net interest margin.
The Company may not have sufficient cash or access to cash to satisfy current and future financial obligations, including demands for loans and deposit withdrawals, funding operating costs and for other corporate purposes. This type of liquidity risk arises whenever the maturities of financial instruments included in assets and liabilities differ. The Company’s liquidity can be affected by a variety of factors, including general economic conditions, market disruption, operational problems affecting third parties or the Company, unfavorable pricing, competition, the Company’s credit rating and regulatory restrictions. (See “Liquidity” herein for management’s actions to mitigate this risk.)
If the Company were unable to borrow funds through access to capital markets, it may not be able to meet the cash flow requirements of its depositors, creditors, and borrowers, or the operating cash needed to fund corporate expansion and other corporate activities. As seen starting in the middle of 2007, significant turmoil and volatility in worldwide financial markets can result in a disruption in the liquidity of financial markets, and could directly impact the Company to the extent it needs to access capital markets to raise funds to support its business and overall liquidity position. These types of situations could affect the cost of such funds or the Company’s ability to raise such funds. If the Company were unable to access any of these funding sources when needed, it might be unable to meet customers’ needs, which could adversely impact its financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and level of regulatory-qualifying capital. For further discussion, see the “Liquidity” section.
Loan customers or other counter-parties may not be able to perform their contractual obligations resulting in a negative impact on the Company’s earnings. Overall economic conditions affecting businesses and consumers, including the current difficult economic conditions and market disruptions, could impact the Company’s credit losses. In addition, real estate valuations could also impact the Company’s credit losses as the Company maintains $1.7 billion in loans secured by commercial, agricultural, and residential real estate. A significant decline in real estate values could have a negative effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. In addition, the Company’s total loan balances by industry exceeded 25% of total risk-based capital for each of five industries as of December 31, 2018. A listing of these industries is contained in under “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations -- Loans” herein. A significant change in one of these industries such as a significant decline in agricultural crop prices, could adversely impact the Company’s credit losses.
Deterioration in the real estate market could lead to losses, which could have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition and results of operations or the Company. Commercial and commercial real estate loans generally involve higher credit risks than residential real estate and consumer loans. Because payments on loans secured by commercial real estate or equipment are often dependent upon the successful operation and management of the underlying assets, repayment of such loans may be influenced to a great extent by conditions in the market or the economy. Increases in commercial and consumer delinquency levels or declines in real estate market values would require increased net charge-offs and increases in the allowance for loan and lease losses, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations and prospects.
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The allowance for loan losses may prove inadequate or be negatively affected by credit risk exposures. The Company’s business depends on the creditworthiness of its customers. Management periodically reviews the allowance for loan and lease losses for adequacy considering economic conditions and trends, collateral values and credit quality indicators, including past charge-off experience and levels of past due loans and nonperforming assets. There is no certainty that the allowance for loan losses will be adequate over time to cover credit losses in the portfolio because of unanticipated adverse changes in the economy, market conditions or events adversely affecting specific customers, industries or markets. If the credit quality of the customer base materially decreases, if the risk profile of a market, industry or group of customers changes materially, or if the allowance for loan losses is not adequate, the Company’s business, financial condition, liquidity, capital, and results of operations could be materially adversely affected.
Declines in the value of securities held in the investment portfolio may negatively affect the Company’s earnings and capital. The value of an investment in the portfolio could decrease due to changes in market factors. The market value of certain investment securities is volatile and future declines or other-than-temporary impairments could materially adversely affect the Company’s future earnings and capital. Continued volatility in the market value of certain of the investment securities, whether caused by changes in market perceptions of credit risk, as reflected in the expected market yield of the security, or actual defaults in the portfolio could result in significant fluctuations in the value of the securities. This could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s accumulated other comprehensive loss and shareholders’ equity depending upon the direction of the fluctuations.
Furthermore, future downgrades or defaults in these securities could result in future classifications as other-than-temporarily impaired. The Company has invested in trust preferred securities issued by financial institutions and insurance companies, corporate securities of financial institutions, and stock in the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago and Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago. Deterioration of the financial stability of the underlying financial institutions for these investments could result in other-than-temporary impairment charges to the Company and could have a material impact on future earnings. For further discussion of the Company’s investments, see Note 4 – “Investment Securities.”
A failure in or breach of the company's operational or security systems, or those of it's third party service providers, including as a result of cyber-attacks, could disrupt the company's business, result in unintentional disclosure or misuse of confidential or proprietary information, damage the company's reputation, increase our costs and cause losses. As a financial institution, the company's operations rely heavily on the secure processing, storage and transmission of confidential and other information on it's computer systems and networks. Any failure, interruption or breach in security or operational integrity of these systems could result in failures or disruptions in the company's online banking system, customer relationship management, general ledger, deposit and loan servicing and other systems. The security and integrity of these systems could be threatened by a variety of interruptions or information security breaches, including those caused by computer hacking, cyber-attacks, electronic fraudulent activity or attempted theft of financial assets. Management cannot assert that any such failures, interruption or security breaches will not occur, or if they do occur that they will be adequately addressed. While certain protective policies and procedures are in place, the nature and sophistication of the threats continue to evolve. The Company may be required to expend significant additional resources in the future to modify and enhance these protective measures.
Additionally, the company faces the risk of operational disruption, failure, termination or capacity constraints of any of the third parties that facilitate its business activities, including exchanges, clearing agents, clearing houses or other financial intermediaries. Such parties could also be the source of an attack on, or breach of, its operational systems. Any failures, interruptions or security breaches in the company's information systems could damage its reputation, result in a loss of customer business, result in a violation of privacy or other laws, or expose us to civil litigation, regulatory fines or losses not covered by insurance.
If the Company’s stock price declines from levels at December 31, 2018, management will evaluate the goodwill balances for impairment, and if the values of the businesses have declined, the Company could recognize an impairment charge for its goodwill. Management performed an annual goodwill impairment assessment as of September 30, 2018. Based on these analyses, management concluded that the fair value of the Company’s reporting units exceeded the fair value of its assets and liabilities and, therefore, goodwill was not considered impaired. It is possible that management’s assumptions and conclusions regarding the valuation of the Company’s lines of business could change adversely, which could result in the recognition of impairment for goodwill, which could have a material effect on the Company’s financial position and future results of operations.
The Company may issue additional common stock or other equity securities in the future which could dilute the ownership interest of existing stockholders. In order to maintain capital at desired or regulatory-required levels, to replace existing capital, or to complete acquisitions the Company may be required to issue additional shares of common stock, or securities convertible into, exchangeable for or representing rights to acquire shares of common stock. The Company may sell these shares at prices below the current market price of shares, and the sale of these shares may significantly dilute stockholder ownership. The Company could also issue additional shares in connection with acquisitions of other financial institutions.
Human error, inadequate or failed internal processes and systems, and external events may have adverse effects on the Company. Operational risk includes compliance or legal risk, which is the risk of loss from violations of, or noncompliance with, laws, rules, regulations, prescribed practices, or ethical standards. Operational risk also encompasses transaction risk, which includes losses from fraud, error, the inability to deliver products or services, and loss or theft of information. Losses resulting from operational risk could take the form of explicit charges, increased operational costs, harm to the Company’s reputation or forgone opportunities. Any of these could potentially have a material adverse effect on the Company’s reputation, financial condition and results of operations.
The Company is exposed to various business risks that could have a negative effect on the financial performance of the Company. These risks include: changes in customer behavior, changes in competition, new litigation or changes to existing litigation, claims and assessments, environmental liabilities, real or threatened acts of war or terrorist activity, adverse weather, changes in accounting standards, legislative or regulatory changes, taxing authority interpretations, and an inability on the Company’s part to retain and attract skilled employees.
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In addition to these risks identified by the Company, investments in the Company’s common stock involve risk. The market price of the Company’s common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to a number of factors including: volatility of stock market prices and volumes, rumors or erroneous information, changes in market valuations of similar companies, changes in securities analysts’ estimates of financial performance, and variations in quarterly or annual operating results.
If the Company is unable to make favorable acquisitions or successfully integrate our acquisitions, the Company’s growth could be impacted. In the past several years, the Company has completed acquisitions of banks, bank branches and other businesses. We may continue to make such acquisitions in the future. When the Company evaluates acquisition opportunities, the Company evaluates whether the target institution has a culture similar to the Company, experienced management and the potential to improve the financial performance of the Company. If the Company fails to successfully identify, complete and integrate favorable acquisitions, the Company could experience slower growth. Acquiring other banks, bank branches or businesses involves various risks commonly associated with acquisitions, including, among other things: potential exposure to unknown or contingent liabilities or asset quality issues of the target institution, difficulty and expense of integrating the operations and personnel of the target institution, potential disruption to the Company (including diversion of management’s time and attention), difficulty in estimating the value of the target institution, and potential changes in banking or tax laws or regulations that may affect the target institution.
The Company and the banking industry are subject to government regulation, legislation and policy. Government regulation, legislation and policy affect the Company and the banking industry as a whole, including the Company’s business and results of operations. The Company’s results of operations could be adversely affected by changes in how existing regulations are interpreted or applied by government agencies, or by the adoption of new government regulation, legislation and policy. These changes may require the Company to invest significant funds and management attention and resources in order to reach compliance.

ITEM 1B. | UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

ITEM 2. | PROPERTIES

The Company's headquarters is located at 1421 Charleston Avenue, Mattoon Illinois. This location is also used by the loan and deposit operations departments of First Mid Bank. In addition, the Company owns a facility located at 1500 Wabash Avenue, Mattoon, Illinois, which is used by branch support operations. In December 2018, the Company acquired a facility at 1420 Wabash Avenue which will also be used by branch support operations.
The main office of First Mid Bank is located at 1515 Charleston Avenue, Mattoon, Illinois and is owned by First Mid Bank. First Mid Bank also owns a building located at 1520 Charleston Avenue, which is used by First Mid Insurance, MIDS for its data processing and by First Mid Bank for back room operations. First Mid Bank also conducts business through numerous facilities, owned and leased, located in twenty-six counties throughout Illinois and one Missouri county. Of the fifty-five other banking offices operated by First Mid Bank, thirty-six are owned and twenty-one are leased from non-affiliated third parties. FIrst Mid Bank also has a loan production office in metro Indianapolis. In addition, the acquired ten additional facilities in the acquisition of Soy Capital of which eight are owned and two are leased from non-affiliated third parties.
None of the properties owned by the Corporation are subject to any major encumbrances. The Company believes these facilities are suitable and adequate to operate its banking and related business. The net investment of the Company and subsidiaries in real estate and equipment at December 31, 2018 was $59.1 million.

ITEM 3. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

On February 13, 2018, an alleged class action complaint was filed by a purported stockholder of First Bank in the United States District Court for the District of Delaware captioned Parshall v. First BancTrust Corporation (Case No. 1:18- cv-00218) against the Company, Merger Sub, First Bank and members of First Bank’s board of directors (the “Lawsuit”). The Lawsuit related to the Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of December 11, 2017 (as amended by the First Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger entered into as of January 18, 2018), among the Company, Merger Sub and First Bank and the merger contemplated thereby (the “Merger”). Among other things, the Lawsuit alleged that the Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed with the SEC by the Company on January 22, 2018 failed to disclose allegedly material information relating to the Company’s and First Bank’s financial projections, the analyses performed by First Bank’s financial advisor, and alleged potential conflicts of interest of First Bank’s officers, directors and financial advisor. The plaintiff sought, among other relief, to enjoin the Merger from proceeding. The Company believes that the factual allegations in the Lawsuit were without merit.
On March 9, 2018, in order to moot plaintiff’s disclosure claims, reduce the expenses, burdens, risks and uncertainties inherent in litigation and avoid the risk of delaying or adversely affecting the Merger, in exchange for the plaintiff agreeing to withdraw the Lawsuit and dismiss his claims with prejudice, the Company and First Bank made additional supplemental disclosures to the proxy statement/prospectus related to the Merger that was first mailed to stockholders of First Bank on or about February 9, 2018. The agreement between the parties did not release or otherwise prejudice any potential claims of any member of the putative class other than the plaintiff and did not constitute any admission by any of the defendants as to the merits of any claims. In January 2019, the parties resolved the plaintiff's counsel's claim for an award of attorneys' fees and expenses pursuant to a confidential settlement agreement.
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From time to time the Company and its subsidiaries may be involved in litigation that the Company believes is a type common to our industry. None of any such existing claims are believed to be individually material at this time to the Company, although the outcome of any such existing claims cannot be predicted with certainty.

ITEM 4. | [RESERVED]

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PART II

ITEM 5. | MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED SHAREHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER OF PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

The Company’s common stock was held by approximately 1,031 shareholders of record as of December 31, 2018 and is included for quotation on the NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC under the trading symbol "FMBH".
The Company’s shareholders are entitled to receive dividends as are declared by the Board of Directors, which considers payment of dividends semi-annually. The ability of the Company to pay dividends, as well as fund its operations, is dependent upon receipt of dividends from First Mid Bank. Regulatory authorities limit the amount of dividends that can be paid by First Mid Bank without prior approval from such authorities. For further discussion of the Bank’s dividend restrictions, see Item1 – “Business” – “First Mid Bank” – “Dividends” and Note 16 – “Dividend Restrictions” herein.
The following table summarizes share repurchase activity for the fourth quarter of 2018:

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Period |  | (a) Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | (b) Average Price Paid per Share |  | (c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | (d) Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs at End of Period
October 1, 2018 – October 31, 2018 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | $6,280,000
November 1, 2018 – November 30, 2018 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,280,000
December 1, 2018 – December 31, 2018 |  | 1,312 |  |  | 32.58 |  |  | 1,312 |  |  | 6,238,000
Total |  | 1,312 |  |  | $32.58 |  | 1,312 |  |  | $6,238,000

All of the repurchase activity that occurred during 2018 resulted from shares withheld to cover taxes on employee stock vesting. Since August 5, 1998, the Board of Directors has approved repurchase programs pursuant to which the Company may repurchase a total of approximately $76.7 million of the Company’s common stock. The repurchase programs approved by the Board of Directors are as follows:

• | On August 5, 1998, repurchases of up to 3%, or $2 million, of the Company’s common stock.

• | In March 2000, repurchases up to an additional 5%, or $4.2 million of the Company’s common stock.

• | In September 2001, repurchases of $3 million of additional shares of the Company’s common stock.

• | In August 2002, repurchases of $5 million of additional shares of the Company’s common stock.

• | In September 2003, repurchases of $10 million of additional shares of the Company’s common stock.

• | On April 27, 2004, repurchases of $5 million of additional shares of the Company’s common stock.

• | On August 23, 2005, repurchases of $5 million of additional shares of the Company’s common stock.

• | On August 22, 2006, repurchases of $5 million of additional shares of the Company’s common stock.

• | On February 27, 2007, repurchases of $5 million of additional shares of the Company’s common stock.

• | On November 13, 2007, repurchases of $5 million of additional shares of the Company’s common stock.

• | On December 16, 2008, repurchases of $2.5 million of additional shares of the Company’s common stock.

• | On May 26, 2009, repurchases of $5 million of additional shares of the Company’s common stock.

• | On February 22, 2011, repurchases of $5 million of additional shares of the Company’s common stock.

• | On November 13, 2012 repurchases of $5 million of additional shares of the Company’s common stock.

• | On November 19, 2013, repurchases of $5 million additional shares of the Company's common stock.

• | On October 28, 2014, repurchases of $5 million additional shares of the Company's common stock.

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ITEM 6. | SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following sets forth a five-year comparison of selected financial data (dollars in thousands, except per share data).

|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Summary of Operations |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income |  | $ | 124,565 |  |  | $ | 99,555 |  |  | $ | 75,496 |  |  | $ | 59,251 |  |  | $ | 54,734 |
Interest expense |  | 12,827 |  |  | 6,482 |  |  | 4,292 |  |  | 3,499 |  |  | 3,252 |
Net interest income |  | 111,738 |  |  | 93,073 |  |  | 71,204 |  |  | 55,752 |  |  | 51,482 |
Provision for loan losses |  | 8,667 |  |  | 7,462 |  |  | 2,826 |  |  | 1,318 |  |  | 629 |
Other income |  | 35,414 |  |  | 30,336 |  |  | 26,912 |  |  | 20,544 |  |  | 18,369 |
Other expense |  | 89,980 |  |  | 74,221 |  |  | 61,510 |  |  | 49,248 |  |  | 44,507 |
Income before income taxes |  | 48,505 |  |  | 41,726 |  |  | 33,780 |  |  | 25,730 |  |  | 24,715 |
Income tax expense |  | 11,905 |  |  | 15,042 |  |  | 11,940 |  |  | 9,218 |  |  | 9,254 |
Net income |  | 36,600 |  |  | 26,684 |  |  | 21,840 |  |  | 16,512 |  |  | 15,461 |
Dividends on preferred shares |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 825 |  |  | 2,200 |  |  | 4,152 |
Net income available to common stockholders |  | $ | 36,600 |  |  | $ | 26,684 |  |  | $ | 21,015 |  |  | $ | 14,312 |  |  | $ | 11,309 |
Per Common Share Data |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic earnings per share |  | $ | 2.53 |  |  | $ | 2.13 |  |  | $ | 2.07 |  |  | $ | 1.84 |  |  | $ | 1.88 |
Diluted earnings per share |  | 2.52 |  |  | 2.13 |  |  | 2.05 |  |  | 1.81 |  |  | 1.85 |
Dividends declared per share |  | 0.70 |  |  | 0.66 |  |  | 0.62 |  |  | 0.59 |  |  | 0.55 |
Book value per common share |  | 28.57 |  |  | 24.32 |  |  | 22.51 |  |  | 21.01 |  |  | 19.55 |
Tangible Book Value per common share |  | 20.22 |  |  | 18.73 |  |  | 16.84 |  |  | 15,090.00 |  |  | 15.63 |
Capital Ratios |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total capital to risk-weighted assets |  | 13.63 | % |  | 12.70 | % |  | 12.79 | % |  | 14.25 | % |  | 15.60 | %
Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets |  | 12.76 | % |  | 11.83 | % |  | 11.99 | % |  | 13.23 | % |  | 14.42 | %
Common equity tier 1 ratio |  | 11.81 | % |  | 10.78 | % |  | 10.86 | % |  | 9.92 | % |  | 10.32 | %
Tier 1 capital to average assets |  | 11.15 | % |  | 9.91 | % |  | 9.19 | % |  | 9.20 | % |  | 10.52 | %
Financial Ratios |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net interest margin |  | 3.71 | % |  | 3.57 | % |  | 3.28 | % |  | 3.27 | % |  | 3.43 | %
Return on average assets |  | 1.13 | % |  | 0.94 | % |  | 0.94 | % |  | 0.91 | % |  | 0.97 | %
Return on average common equity |  | 9.59 | % |  | 8.92 | % |  | 9.30 | % |  | 8.97 | % |  | 10.34 | %
Dividend on common shares payout ratio |  | 27.67 | % |  | 30.99 | % |  | 29.95 | % |  | 32.07 | % |  | 29.26 | %
Average equity to average assets |  | 11.77 | % |  | 10.59 | % |  | 10.12 | % |  | 10.34 | % |  | 9.94 | %
Allowance for loan losses as a percent of total loans |  | 0.99 | % |  | 1.03 | % |  | 0.92 | % |  | 1.14 | % |  | 1.29 | %
Year End Balances |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets |  | $ | 3,839,734 |  |  | $ | 2,841,539 |  |  | $ | 2,884,535 |  |  | $ | 2,114,499 |  |  | $ | 1,607,103 |
Net loans, including loans held for sale |  | 2,618,330 |  |  | 1,919,524 |  |  | 1,809,239 |  |  | 1,267,313 |  |  | 1,048,724 |
Total deposits |  | 2,988,686 |  |  | 2,274,639 |  |  | 2,329,887 |  |  | 1,732,568 |  |  | 1,272,077 |
Total equity |  | 475,864 |  |  | 307,964 |  |  | 280,673 |  |  | 205,009 |  |  | 164,916 |
Average Balances |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total assets |  | $ | 3,241,574 |  |  | $ | 2,825,702 |  |  | $ | 2,333,866 |  |  | $ | 1,807,998 |  |  | $ | 1,593,227 |
Net loans, including loans held for sale |  | 2,253,469 |  |  | 1,818,317 |  |  | 1,439,192 |  |  | 1,112,413 |  |  | 1,008,980 |
Total deposits |  | 2,569,033 |  |  | 2,273,949 |  |  | 1,893,203 |  |  | 1,455,047 |  |  | 1,293,621 |
Total equity |  | 381,646 |  |  | 299,389 |  |  | 236,254 |  |  | 186,898 |  |  | 158,364 |

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ITEM 7. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis is intended to provide a better understanding of the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of the Company and its subsidiaries years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements, related notes and selected financial data appearing elsewhere in this report.
Forward-Looking Statements
This report may contain certain forward-looking statements, such as discussions of the Company’s pricing and fee trends, credit quality and outlook, liquidity, new business results, expansion plans, anticipated expenses and planned schedules. The Company intends such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1955. Forward-looking statements, which are based on certain assumptions and describe future plans, strategies and expectations of the Company, are identified by use of the words “believe,” ”expect,” ”intend,” ”anticipate,” ”estimate,” ”project,” or similar expressions. Actual results could differ materially from the results indicated by these statements because the realization of those results is subject to many risks and uncertainties, including those described in Item 1A. “Risk Factors” and other sections of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K and the Company’s other filings with the SEC, and changes in interest rates, general economic conditions and those in the Company’s market area, legislative/regulatory changes, monetary and fiscal policies of the U.S. Government, including policies of the U.S. Treasury and the Federal Reserve Board, the quality or composition of the loan or investment portfolios and the valuation of the investment portfolio, the Company’s success in raising capital, demand for loan products, deposit flows, competition, demand for financial services in the Company’s market area and accounting principles, policies and guidelines. Furthermore, forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made. Except as required under the federal securities laws or the rules and regulations of the SEC, we do not undertake any obligation to update or review any forward-looking information, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
For the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016
Overview
This overview of management’s discussion and analysis highlights selected information in this document and may not contain all of the information that is important to you. For a more complete understanding of trends, events, commitments, uncertainties, liquidity, capital resources, and critical accounting estimates, you should carefully read this entire document. These have an impact on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.
Net income was $36.6 million, $26.7 million, and $21.8 million and diluted earnings per share were $2.52, $2.13, and $2.05 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The following table shows the Company’s annualized performance ratios for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016:

|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Return on average assets |  | 1.13 | % |  | 0.94 | % |  | 0.94 | %
Return on average common equity |  | 9.59 | % |  | 8.92 | % |  | 9.30 | %
Average common equity to average assets |  | 11.77 | % |  | 10.59 | % |  | 10.12 | %

Total assets at December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were $3.84 billion, $2.84 billion, and $2.88 billion, respectively. Net loan balances increased to $2.62 billion at December 31, 2018, from $1.92 billion at December 31, 2017, from $1.81 billion at December 31, 2016. The increase in 2018 was primarily due to loans acquired in the acquisition of First Bank and Soy Capital Bank. Of the increase in 2017, $58.5 million was due to increases in construction and land development loans and $51.6 million was due to increases in commercial real estate loans.
Total deposit balances increased to $2.99 billion at December 31, 2018 from $2.27 billion at December 31, 2017 and from $2.33 billion at December 31, 2016. The increase in 2018 was primarily due to deposits acquired in the acquisitions of First Bank and Soy Capital Bank. The decrease in 2017 was primarily due to a decrease in money market deposits and interest bearing deposits.
Net interest margin, defined as net interest income divided by average interest-earning assets, was 3.71% for 2018, 3.57% for 2017 and 3.28% for 2016. In 2018 the increase was primarily due to an increase in earnings assets, increases in average rates on earnings assets and accretion income from the acquisitions. In 2017, the increase was primarily due to an increase in earnings assets and net accretion income from the acquisition of First Clover Leaf.
Net interest income increased to $111.7 million in 2018 from $93.1 million in 2017 and $71.2 million in 2016. During 2018, net interest income increased primarily due to earning assets acquired from First Bank and Soy Capital Bank, increases in rates on earnings assets and net accretion income from all acquisitions. In 2017, the net interest income increased primarily due to growth in average earnings assets including loans and investments and net accretion income from the acquisition of First Clover Leaf. In 2016, net interest income increased primarily due to growth in average earnings assets including loans and investments primarily due to the acquisition of First Clover Leaf and the ONB branches.
Non-interest income increased to $35.4 million in 2018 compared to $30.3 million in 2017 and $26.9 million in 2016. Bank Owned Life insurance income decreased $249,000 or 15.2% due to a non-recurring death benefit of $511,000 received on a single policy in 2017. ATM revenue increased by $992,000 or 15.3%, and service charge income increased $515,000 or 7.4% primarily due to increased transactions. Insurance commissions increased $1,720,000 or
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44.4% compared to last year due to additional revenues from commissions and contingency income. Additionally, other income decreased $761,000 primarily due to income tax refunds received in 2017 resulting from overpayment of taxes in 2016 by First Clover Leaf.
Non-interest expenses increased $15.8 million, to $90.0 million in 2018 compared to $74.2 million in 2017, and $61.5 million in 2016. The increase in 2018 was primarily due to expenses incurred to acquire and merge First Bank into First Mid Bank of approximately $5 million, expenses to acquire Soy Capital of approximately $900,000 and increases in salaries and benefits, occupancy and amortization expense related to these acquisitions. The increase during 2017 was primarily due to expenses of approximately $2 million associated with the merger of First Clover Leaf into First Mid Bank and an increase in operating expenses from the addition of First Clover Leaf Bank. Additionally, salaries and benefits expense increased $7.0 million or 17.7% compared to $39.8 million at the same period last year. The increase during 2016 was primarily due to expenses incurred of $1.3 million to acquire First Clover Leaf, expenses for the operation of the First Clover Leaf branches from acquisition in September to year-end and expense for the operation of the twelve ONB Branches acquired in August of 2015. In addition, 2016 salaries & benefits expense increased $7.4 million or 22.9%, and occupancy and equipment expense increased $1.2 million or 10.3%.
Following is a summary of the factors that contributed to the changes in net income (in thousands):

|  | 2018 vs 2017 |  | 2017 vs 2016
Net interest income |  | $ | 18,665 |  |  | $ | 21,869 |
Provision for loan losses |  | (1,205 | ) |  | (4,636 | )
Other income, including securities transactions |  | 5,078 |  |  | 3,424 |
Other expenses |  | (15,759 | ) |  | (12,711 | )
Income taxes |  | 3,137 |  |  | (3,102 | )
Increase in net income |  | $ | 9,916 |  |  | $ | 4,844 |

Credit quality is an area of importance to the Company. Year-end total nonperforming loans were $39.8 million at December 31, 2018 compared to $17.5 million at December 31, 2017, and $18.2 million at December 31, 2016. The increase in 2018 was primarily due to non performing loans acquired from First Bank. Repossessed Assets balances totaled $2.6 million at December 31, 2018 compared to $2.8 million at December 31, 2017, and $2 million at December 31, 2016. The increase in 2017 was primarily due to the addition of two 1-4 family residential borrowers and one commercial real estate borrower. The increase in 2016 was primarily due to properties acquired in the acquisition of First Clover Leaf Bank net of properties sold during 2016. The Company’s provision for loan losses was $8.7 million for 2018, compared to $7.5 million for 2017, and $2.8 million for 2016. The increase in provision expense in 2018 and 2017 was primarily due to increases in loan balances and net charge-offs. Loans secured by both commercial and residential real estate comprised 66%, 66%, and 67% of the loan portfolio for 2018, 2017, and 2016, respectively.
The Company’s capital position remains strong and the Company has consistently maintained regulatory capital ratios above the “well-capitalized” standards. The Company’s Tier 1 capital ratio to risk weighted assets ratio at December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was 12.76%, 11.83%, and 11.99%, respectively. The Company’s total capital to risk weighted assets ratio at December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was 13.63%, 12.70% ,and 12.79%, respectively. In 2017, the capital ratios declined in the fourth quarter due to reduced net income resulting from expense following remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilties, an increase in loan loss provision, strong loan growth, which drove a higher capital allocation on risk-weighted assets. In 2016, the primary reason for the decrease in these ratios was the First Clover Leaf acquisition which increased risk-weighted assets by approximately $649 million offset by stock issued of approximately $65.9 million, lower preferred dividends due to the conversion of Series C Preferred Stock, and the movement of cash from the Old National branch acquisition into loans and investments that require higher capital allocation.
The Company’s liquidity position remains sufficient to fund operations and meet the requirements of borrowers, depositors, and creditors. The Company maintains various sources of liquidity to fund its cash needs. See “Liquidity” herein for a full listing of its sources and anticipated significant contractual obligations.
The Company enters into financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include lines of credit, letters of credit and other commitments to extend credit. The total outstanding commitments at December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were $564.1 million, $415.5 million, and $485.1 million, respectively. See Note 17 – “Commitments and Contingent Liabilities” herein for further information.
Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Significant Estimates
The Company has established various accounting policies that govern the application of U.S. generally accepted accounting principles in the preparation of the Company’s financial statements. The significant accounting policies of the Company are described in the footnotes to the consolidated financial statements. Certain accounting policies involve significant judgments and assumptions by management that have a material impact on the carrying value of certain assets and liabilities; management considers such accounting policies to be critical accounting policies. The judgments and assumptions used by management are based on historical experience and other factors, which are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances. Because of the nature of the judgments and assumptions made by management, actual results could differ from these judgments and assumptions, which could have a material impact on the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the results of operations of the Company.
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Allowance for Loan Losses. The Company believes the allowance for loan losses is the critical accounting policy that requires the most significant judgments and assumptions used in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements. An estimate of potential losses inherent in the loan portfolio are determined and an allowance for those losses is established by considering factors including historical loss rates, expected cash flows and estimated collateral values. In assessing these factors, the Company uses organizational history and experience with credit decisions and related outcomes. The allowance for loan losses represents the best estimate of losses inherent in the existing loan portfolio. The allowance for loan losses is increased by the provision for loan losses charged to expense and reduced by loans charged off, net of recoveries. The Company evaluates the allowance for loan losses quarterly. If the underlying assumptions later prove to be inaccurate based on subsequent loss evaluations, the allowance for loan losses is adjusted.
The Company estimates the appropriate level of allowance for loan losses by separately evaluating impaired and nonimpaired loans. A specific allowance is assigned to an impaired loan when expected cash flows or collateral do not justify the carrying amount of the loan. The methodology used to assign an allowance to a nonimpaired loan is more subjective. Generally, the allowance assigned to nonimpaired loans is determined by applying historical loss rates to existing loans with similar risk characteristics, adjusted for qualitative factors including the volume and severity of identified classified loans, changes in economic conditions, changes in credit policies or underwriting standards, and changes in the level of credit risk associated with specific industries and markets. Because the economic and business climate in any given industry or market, and its impact on any given borrower, can change rapidly, the risk profile of the loan portfolio is continually assessed and adjusted when appropriate. Notwithstanding these procedures, there still exists the possibility that the assessment could prove to be significantly incorrect and that an immediate adjustment to the allowance for loan losses would be required.
Other Real Estate Owned. Other real estate owned acquired through loan foreclosure is initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. The adjustment at the time of foreclosure is recorded through the allowance for loan losses. Due to the subjective nature of establishing the fair value when the asset is acquired, the actual fair value of the other real estate owned or foreclosed asset could differ from the original estimate. If it is determined that fair value temporarily declines subsequent to foreclosure, a valuation allowance is recorded through noninterest expense. Operating costs associated with the assets after acquisition are also recorded as noninterest expense. Gains and losses on the disposition of other real estate owned and foreclosed assets are netted and posted to other noninterest expense.
Investment in Debt Securities. The Company classifies its investments in debt securities as either held-to-maturity or available-for-sale in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 115, “Accounting for Certain Investments in Debt and Equity Securities,” which was codified into ASC 320. Securities classified as held-to-maturity are recorded at cost or amortized cost. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value. Fair value calculations are based on quoted market prices when such prices are available. If quoted market prices are not available, estimates of fair value are computed using a variety of techniques, including extrapolation from the quoted prices of similar instruments or recent trades for thinly traded securities, fundamental analysis, or through obtaining purchase quotes. Due to the subjective nature of the valuation process, it is possible that the actual fair values of these investments could differ from the estimated amounts, thereby affecting the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company. If the estimated value of investments is less than the cost or amortized cost, the Company evaluates whether an event or change in circumstances has occurred that may have a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the investment. If such an event or change has occurred and the Company determines that the impairment is other-than-temporary, a further determination is made as to the portion of impairment that is related to credit loss. The impairment of the investment that is related to the credit loss is expensed in the period in which the event or change occurred. The remainder of the impairment is recorded in other comprehensive income.
Deferred Income Tax Assets/Liabilities. The Company’s net deferred income tax asset arises from differences in the dates that items of income and expense enter into our reported income and taxable income. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are established for these items as they arise. From an accounting standpoint, deferred tax assets are reviewed to determine if they are realizable based on the historical level of taxable income, estimates of future taxable income and the reversals of deferred tax liabilities. In most cases, the realization of the deferred tax asset is based on future profitability. If the Company were to experience net operating losses for tax purposes in a future period, the realization of deferred tax assets would be evaluated for a potential valuation reserve.
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Additionally, the Company reviews its uncertain tax positions annually under FASB Interpretation No. 48 (FIN No. 48), “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes,” codified within ASC 740. An uncertain tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is "more likely than not" that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount actually recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be recognized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the "more likely than not" test, no tax benefit is recorded. A significant amount of judgment is applied to determine both whether the tax position meets the "more likely than not" test as well as to determine the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be recognized. Differences between the position taken by management and that of taxing authorities could result in a reduction of a tax benefit or increase to tax liability, which could adversely affect future income tax expense.
Impairment of Goodwill and Intangible Assets. Core deposit and customer relationships, which are intangible assets with a finite life, are recorded on the Company’s balance sheets. These intangible assets were capitalized as a result of past acquisitions and are being amortized over their estimated useful lives of up to 15 years. Core deposit intangible assets, with finite lives will be tested for impairment when changes in events or circumstances indicate that its carrying amount may not be recoverable. Core deposit intangible assets were tested for impairment during 2018 as part of the goodwill impairment test and no impairment was deemed necessary.
As a result of the Company’s acquisition activity, goodwill, an intangible asset with an indefinite life, is reflected on the balance sheets. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment annually, unless there are factors present that indicate a potential impairment, in which case, the goodwill impairment test is performed more frequently than annually.
Fair Value Measurements. The fair value of a financial instrument is defined as the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale. The Company estimates the fair value of a financial instrument using a variety of valuation methods. Where financial instruments are actively traded and have quoted market prices, quoted market prices are used for fair value. When the financial instruments are not actively traded, other observable market inputs, such as quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, may be used, if available, to determine fair value. When observable market prices do not exist, the Company estimates fair value. The Company’s valuation methods consider factors such as liquidity and concentration concerns. Other factors such as model assumptions, market dislocations, and unexpected correlations can affect estimates of fair value. Imprecision in estimating these factors can impact the amount of revenue or loss recorded.
SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements”, which was codified into ASC 820, establishes a framework for measuring the fair value of financial instruments that considers the attributes specific to particular assets or liabilities and establishes a three-level hierarchy for determining fair value based on the transparency of inputs to each valuation as of the fair value measurement date. The three levels are defined as follows:

• | Level 1 — quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.

• | Level 2 — inputs include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, quoted prices of identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

• | Level 3 — inputs that are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

At the end of each quarter, the Company assesses the valuation hierarchy for each asset or liability measured. From time to time, assets or liabilities may be transferred within hierarchy levels due to changes in availability of observable market inputs to measure fair value at the measurement date. Transfers into or out of hierarchy levels are based upon the fair value at the beginning of the reporting period. A more detailed description of the fair values measured at each level of the fair value hierarchy can be found in Note 11 – “Disclosures of Fair Values of Financial Instruments.”
Results of Operations
Net Interest Income
The largest source of operating revenue for the Company is net interest income. Net interest income represents the difference between total interest income earned on earning assets and total interest expense paid on interest-bearing liabilities. The amount of interest income is dependent upon many factors, including the volume and mix of earning assets, the general level of interest rates and the dynamics of changes in interest rates. The cost of funds necessary to support earning assets varies with the volume and mix of interest-bearing liabilities and the rates paid to attract and retain such funds.
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The Company’s average balances, interest income and expense and rates earned or paid for major balance sheet categories are set forth in the following table (dollars in thousands):

| Year Ended December 31, 2018 | Year Ended December 31, 2017 | Year Ended December 31, 2016
| Average Balance | Interest | Average Rate | Average Balance | Interest | Average Rate | Average Balance | Interest | Average Rate
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing deposits | $ | 27,911 |  | $ | 482 |  | 1.73 | % | $ | 28,544 |  | $ | 291 |  | 1.02 | % | $ | 38,359 |  | $ | 195 |  | 0.51 | %
Federal funds sold | 615 |  | 8 |  | 1.32 | % | 9,025 |  | 62 |  | 0.69 | % | 8,392 |  | 40 |  | 0.48 | %
Certificates of deposit investments | 3,013 |  | 66 |  | 2.18 | % | 3,317 |  | 50 |  | 1.50 | % | 28,777 |  | 295 |  | 1.02 | %
Investment securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable | 514,220 |  | 13,070 |  | 2.54 | % | 559,657 |  | 11,708 |  | 2.09 | % | 514,096 |  | 9,260 |  | 1.80 | %
Tax-exempt (1) | 173,151 |  | 5,167 |  | 2.98 | % | 171,678 |  | 4,774 |  | 2.78 | % | 122,987 |  | 3,754 |  | 3.05 | %
Loans (2) (3) | 2,276,500 |  | 105,772 |  | 4.65 | % | 1,836,617 |  | 82,670 |  | 4.50 | % | 1,454,591 |  | 61,952 |  | 4.26 | %
Total earning assets | 2,995,410 |  | 124,565 |  | 4.16 | % | 2,608,838 |  | 99,555 |  | 3.82 | % | 2,167,202 |  | 75,496 |  | 3.47 | %
Cash and due from banks | 48,948 |  |  |  |  |  | 55,937 |  |  |  |  |  | 49,632 |  |  |  |  |
Premises and equipment | 45,780 |  |  |  |  |  | 39,176 |  |  |  |  |  | 33,389 |  |  |  |  |
Other assets | 174,467 |  |  |  |  |  | 140,051 |  |  |  |  |  | 99,042 |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses | (23,031 | ) |  |  |  |  | (18,300 | ) |  |  |  |  | (15,399 | ) |  |  |  |
Total assets | $ | 3,241,574 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,825,702 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,333,866 |  |  |  |  |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Demand deposits, interest-bearing | $ | 1,194,089 |  | 3,293 |  | 0.28 | % | $ | 1,119,835 |  | 1,811 |  | 0.16 | % | $ | 881,994 |  | 993 |  | 0.11 | %
Savings deposits | 395,028 |  | 579 |  | 0.15 | % | 367,261 |  | 486 |  | 0.13 | % | 340,746 |  | 445 |  | 0.13 | %
Time deposits | 473,043 |  | 4,699 |  | 0.99 | % | 348,278 |  | 1,697 |  | 0.49 | % | 298,124 |  | 1,275 |  | 0.43 | %
Securities sold under agreements |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
to repurchase | 140,622 |  | 330 |  | 0.23 | % | 144,674 |  | 181 |  | 0.13 | % | 129,734 |  | 96 |  | 0.07 | %
FHLB advances | 97,701 |  | 2,071 |  | 2.12 | % | 57,405 |  | 883 |  | 1.54 | % | 36,648 |  | 630 |  | 1.72 | %
Federal funds purchased | 3,794 |  | 97 |  | 2.55 | % | 3,996 |  | 61 |  | 1.51 | % | 1,795 |  | 14 |  | 0.77 | %
Subordinated debentures | 27,391 |  | 1,409 |  | 5.14 | % | 23,956 |  | 927 |  | 3.87 | % | 21,650 |  | 672 |  | 3.10 | %
Other debt | 10,103 |  | 349 |  | 3.45 | % | 13,289 |  | 436 |  | 3.28 | % | 6,202 |  | 167 |  | 2.69 | %
Total interest-bearing liabilities | 2,341,771 |  | 12,827 |  | 0.55 | % | 2,078,694 |  | 6,482 |  | 0.31 | % | 1,716,893 |  | 4,292 |  | 0.25 | %
Demand deposits | 506,873 |  |  |  |  |  | 438,575 |  |  |  |  |  | 372,339 |  |  |  |  |
Other liabilities | 11,284 |  |  |  |  |  | 9,144 |  |  |  |  |  | 8,380 |  |  |  |  |
Stockholders’ equity | 381,646 |  |  |  |  |  | 299,289 |  |  |  |  |  | 236,254 |  |  |  |  |
Total liabilities & equity | $ | 3,241,574 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,825,702 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,333,866 |  |  |  |  |
Net interest income |  |  | $ | 111,738 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 93,073 |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 71,204 |  |  |
Net interest spread |  |  |  |  | 3.61 | % |  |  |  |  | 3.51 | % |  |  |  |  | 3.22 | %
Impact of non-interest bearing funds |  |  | 0.10 | % |  |  |  |  | 0.06 | % |  |  |  |  | 0.06 | %
Net yield on interest-earning assets |  |  | 3.71 | % |  |  |  |  | 3.57 | % |  |  |  |  | 3.28 | %
(1) The tax-exempt income is not recorded on a tax equivalent basis.
(2) Nonaccrual loans have been included in the average balances.
(3) Includes loans held for sale.

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Changes in net interest income may also be analyzed by segregating the volume and rate components of interest income and interest expense. The following table summarizes the approximate relative contribution of changes in average volume and interest rates to changes in net interest income for the past two years (in thousands):

|  | 2018 Compared to 2017 Increase – (Decrease) |  | 2017 Compared to 2016 Increase – (Decrease)
|  | Total Change |  | Volume (1) |  | Rate (1) |  | Total Change |  | Volume (1) |  | Rate (1)
Earning Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest-bearing deposits |  | $ | 191 |  |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | 197 |  |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | (60 | ) |  | $ | 156 |
Federal funds sold |  | (54 | ) |  | (85 | ) |  | 31 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 19 |
Certificates of deposit investments |  | 16 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | 21 |  |  | (245 | ) |  | (340 | ) |  | 95 |
Investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable |  | 1,362 |  |  | (1,006 | ) |  | 2,368 |  |  | 2,448 |  |  | 869 |  |  | 1,579 |
Tax-exempt (2) |  | 393 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 352 |  |  | 1,020 |  |  | 1,378 |  |  | (358 | )
Loans (3) |  | 23,102 |  |  | 20,280 |  |  | 2,822 |  |  | 20,718 |  |  | 17,059 |  |  | 3,659 |
Total interest income |  | 25,010 |  |  | 19,219 |  |  | 5,791 |  |  | 24,059 |  |  | 18,909 |  |  | 5,150 |
Interest-Bearing Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Demand deposits, interest-bearing |  | 1,482 |  |  | 121 |  |  | 1,361 |  |  | 818 |  |  | 305 |  |  | 513 |
Savings deposits |  | 93 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 41 |  |  | — |
Time deposits |  | 3,002 |  |  | 780 |  |  | 2,222 |  |  | 422 |  |  | 231 |  |  | 191 |
Securities sold under agreements |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
to repurchase |  | 149 |  |  | (5 | ) |  | 154 |  |  | 85 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 75 |
FHLB advances |  | 1,188 |  |  | 773 |  |  | 415 |  |  | 253 |  |  | 325 |  |  | (72 | )
Federal funds purchased |  | 36 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | 39 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 20 |
Subordinated debentures |  | 482 |  |  | 147 |  |  | 335 |  |  | 255 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 179 |
Other debt |  | (87 | ) |  | (109 | ) |  | 22 |  |  | 269 |  |  | 225 |  |  | 44 |
Total interest expense |  | 6,345 |  |  | 1,735 |  |  | 4,610 |  |  | 2,190 |  |  | 1,240 |  |  | 950 |
Net interest income |  | $ | 18,665 |  |  | $ | 17,484 |  |  | $ | 1,181 |  |  | $ | 21,869 |  |  | $ | 17,669 |  |  | $ | 4,200 |
(1) Changes attributable to the combined impact of volume and rate have been allocated
proportionately to the change due to volume and the change due to rate.
(2) The tax-exempt income is not recorded on a tax equivalent basis.
(3) Nonaccrual loans are not material and have been included in the average balances.

Net interest income increased $18.7 million or 20.1% in 2018 compared to an increase of $21.9 million or 30.7% in 2017. Net interest income increased primarily due to the growth in average earnings assets including loans and investments acquired from First Bank and Soy Capital Bank. The net interest margin was higher due to growth in earnings assets, increases in rates on earning assets and net accretion income related to the acquisition of First Bank and Soy Capital Bank.
In 2018, average earning assets increased by $386.6 million, or 14.8%, and average interest-bearing liabilities increased by $263.1 million or 12.7%. In 2017, average earning assets increased by $441.6 million or 20.4% and average interest-bearing liabilities increased $361.8 million or 21.1% compared with 2016. Changes in average balances are shown below:

• | Average interest-bearing deposits held by the Company decreased $0.6 million or 2.2% in 2018 compared to 2017. In 2017, average interest-bearing deposits held by the Company decreased $9.8 million or 25.6% compared to 2016.

• | Average federal funds sold decreased $8.4 million or 93.2% in 2018 compared to 2017. In 2017, average federal funds sold increased $633,000 or 7.5% compared to 2016.

• | Average certificates of deposit investments decreased $0.3 million or 9.2% in 2018 compared to 2017. In 2017, average certificates of deposit investments decreased $25.5 million or 88.5% compared to 2016.

• | Average loans increased by $439.9 million or 24.0% in 2018 compared to 2017. In 2017, average loans increased by $382.0 million or 26.3% compared to 2016.

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• | Average securities decreased by $44.0 million or 6.0% in 2018 compared to 2017. In 2017, average securities increased by $94.3 million or 14.8% compared to 2016.

• | Average deposits increased by $226.8 million or 12.4% in 2018 compared to 2017. In 2017, average deposits increased by $314.5 million or 20.7% compared to 2016.

• | Average securities sold under agreements to repurchase decreased by $4.1 million or 2.8% in 2018 compared to 2017. In 2017, average securities sold under agreements to repurchase increased by $14.9 million or 11.5% compared to 2016.

• | Average borrowings and other debt increased by $40.3 million or 40.9% in 2018 compared to 2017. In 2017, average borrowings and other debt increased by $32.4 million or 48.8% compared to 2016.

• | Net interest margin increased to 3.71% compared to 3.57% in 2017 and 3.28% in 2016. Asset yields increased by 34 basis points in 2018, and interest-bearing liabilities increased by 24 basis points.

To compare the tax-exempt yields on interest-earning assets to taxable yields, the Company also computes non-GAAP net interest income on a tax equivalent basis where the interest earned on tax-exempt securities is adjusted to an amount comparable to interest subject to normal income taxes, assuming a federal tax rate of 21% for 2018 and 35% for 2017 and 2016 (referred to as the tax equivalent adjustment). The tax equivalent basis adjustments to net interest income for 2018, 2017 and 2016 were $2,025,000, $3,404,000, and $2,428,000, respectively. The net yield on interest-earning assets on a tax equivalent basis was 3.79% in 2018, 3.70% in 2017 and 3.39% in 2016.
Provision for Loan Losses
The provision for loan losses in 2018 was $8,667,000 compared to $7,462,000 in 2017 and $2,826,000 in 2016. Nonperforming loans increased to $39,839,000 at December 31, 2018 from $17,513,000 at December 31, 2017 and $18,241,000 at December 31, 2016. The increase in provision expense in 2018 and 2017 was primarily due to a increase in loan volume. Net charge-offs were $2,455,000 during 2018, $4,238,000 during 2017 and $649,000 during 2016. For information on loan loss experience and nonperforming loans, see “Nonperforming Loans and Repossessed Assets” and “Loan Quality and Allowance for Loan Losses” herein.
Other Income
An important source of the Company’s revenue is derived from other income. The following table sets forth the major components of other income for the last three years (in thousands):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ Change From Prior Year
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Trust |  | $ | 5,786 |  |  | $ | 3,744 |  |  | $ | 3,517 |  |  | $ | 2,042 |  |  | $ | 227 |
Brokerage |  | 2,674 |  |  | 2,161 |  |  | 1,908 |  |  | 513 |  |  | 253 |
Insurance commissions |  | 5,592 |  |  | 3,872 |  |  | 3,452 |  |  | 1,720 |  |  | 420 |
Service charges |  | 7,435 |  |  | 6,920 |  |  | 6,791 |  |  | 515 |  |  | 129 |
Securities gains |  | 901 |  |  | 616 |  |  | 1,192 |  |  | 285 |  |  | (576 | )
Mortgage banking |  | 1,205 |  |  | 1,184 |  |  | 1,172 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 12 |
ATM / debit card revenue |  | 7,487 |  |  | 6,495 |  |  | 6,004 |  |  | 992 |  |  | 491 |
Bank Owned Life Insurance |  | 1,389 |  |  | 1,638 |  |  | 671 |  |  | (249 | ) |  | 967 |
Other |  | 2,945 |  |  | 3,706 |  |  | 2,205 |  |  | (761 | ) |  | 1,501 |
Total other income |  | $ | 35,414 |  |  | $ | 30,336 |  |  | $ | 26,912 |  |  | $ | 5,078 |  |  | $ | 3,424 |

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Total non-interest income increased to $35.4 million in 2018 compared to $30.3 million in 2017 and $26.9 million in 2016. The primary reasons for the more significant year-to-year changes in other income components are as follows:

• | Trust revenues increased $2,042,000 or 54.5% in 2018 to $5,786,000 from $3,744,000 in 2017 compared to $3,517,000 in 2016. The increases 2018 were due to an increases in market value and revenue from defined contribution and other retirement accounts and accounts added with the acquisition of Soy Capital. Trust assets under management were $1,129.6 million at December 31, 2018 compared to $997.8 million at December 31, 2017 and $831.6 million at December 31, 2016.

• | Revenue from brokerage increased $513,000 or 23.7% to $2,674,000 in 2018 from $2,161,000 in 2017 and $1,908,000 in 2016 primarily due to an increase in the number of brokerage accounts from new business development efforts.

• | Insurance commissions increased $1,720,000 or 44.4% to $5,592,000 in 2018 from $3,872,000 in 2017 and $3,452,000 in 2016. The growth is primarily due to growth in senior care policies underwritten through the Illiana Insurance Agency branch from insurance activities and revenues following the acquisition of Soy Capital.

• | Fees from service charges increased $515,000 or 7.4% to $7,435,000 in 2018 from $6,920,000 in 2017 and $6,791,000 in 2016. The increase in 2018 was primarily due to a increase in income from the First Bank acquisition. The increase in 2017 was due to First Clover Leaf acquisition in place for a full year.

• | Net securities gains in 2018 were $901,000 compared to $616,000 in 2017 and $1,192,000 in 2016.

• | Mortgage banking income increased $21,000 or 1.8% to $1,205,000 in 2018 from $1,184,000 in 2017 and $1,172,000 in 2016. Loans sold balances are as follows:

▪ | $62 million (representing 489 loans) in 2018

▪ | $68 million (representing 536 loans) in 2017

▪ | $80 million (representing 566 loans) in 2016

First Mid Bank generally releases the servicing rights on loans sold into the secondary market.

• | Revenue from ATMs and debit cards increased $992,000 or 15.3% to $7,487,000 in 2018 from $6,495,000 in 2017 and $6,004,000 in 2016. The increase in 2018 was primarily due to an increase in electronic transactions following the First Bank and Soy Capital Bank acquisition. The increases during 2017 were primarily due to an increase in electronic transactions following the acquisition of First Clover Leaf and quarterly incentives received from VISA.

• | Bank owned life insurance decreased $249,000 or 15.2% to $1,389,000 in 2018 from $1,638,000 in 2017 and $671,000 in 2016. The decrease is primarily due to a death benefit of $511,000 that was received in 2017 that did not recur in 2018. The Company invested $25 million in bank owned life insurance during the first quarter of 2016, acquired $8.6 million in bank owned life insurance in the First Bank acquisition in 2018, and acquired $13.6 million in bank owned life insurance in the Soy Capital acquisition in 2018, and acquired $15.6 million in bank owned life insurance in the First Clover Leaf acquisition in 2016.

• | Other income decreased $761,000 or 20.5% in 2018 to $2,945,000 from $3,706,000 in 2017 and $2,205,000 in 2016. The decrease was primarily due to income tax refunds received in 2017 resulting from overpayment of taxes in 2016 by First Clover Leaf Financial and a decline in loan late charges and closing fees resulting from less loan transaction activity. The increase from 2016 to 2017 is primarily due to income tax refunds resulting from overpayment of taxes in 2016 by First Clover Leaf Bank and increases in various loan fees.

Other Expense
The major categories of other expense include salaries and employee benefits, occupancy and equipment expenses and other operating expenses associated with day-to-day operations. The following table sets forth the major components of other expense for the last three years (in thousands):
26

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ Change From Prior Year
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Salaries and benefits |  | $ | 46,803 |  |  | $ | 39,756 |  |  | $ | 32,354 |  |  | $ | 7,047 |  |  | $ | 7,402 |
Occupancy and equipment |  | 14,533 |  |  | 12,596 |  |  | 11,418 |  |  | 1,937 |  |  | 1,178 |
Other real estate owned, net |  | 282 |  |  | 560 |  |  | 60 |  |  | (278 | ) |  | 500 |
FDIC insurance assessment expense |  | 1,059 |  |  | 905 |  |  | 966 |  |  | 154 |  |  | (61 | )
Amortization of other intangibles |  | 3,215 |  |  | 2,153 |  |  | 1,909 |  |  | 1,062 |  |  | 244 |
Stationery and supplies |  | 963 |  |  | 724 |  |  | 815 |  |  | 239 |  |  | (91 | )
Legal and professional fees |  | 5,243 |  |  | 3,887 |  |  | 3,035 |  |  | 1,356 |  |  | 852 |
Marketing and promotion |  | 1,794 |  |  | 1,356 |  |  | 1,845 |  |  | 438 |  |  | (489 | )
Other |  | 16,088 |  |  | 12,284 |  |  | 9,108 |  |  | 3,804 |  |  | 3,176 |
Total other expense |  | $ | 89,980 |  |  | $ | 74,221 |  |  | $ | 61,510 |  |  | $ | 15,759 |  |  | $ | 12,711 |

Total non-interest expense increased to $90.0 million in 2018 from $74.2 million in 2017 and $61.5 million in 2016. The primary reasons for the more significant year-to-year changes in other expense components are as follows:

• | Salaries and employee benefits, the largest component of other expense, increased $7.0 million or 17.7% to $46.8 million from $39.8 million in 2017, and $32.4 million in 2016. The increase is primarily due to the addition of 112 employees from the First Bank acquisition, the addition of 149 employees from the Soy Capital Bank acquisition and merit increases in 2018 for continuing employees during the first quarter of 2018. The increase in 2017 is primarily due to merit increases for continuing employees and a full year of expenses for the acquired First Clover Leaf employees. There were 818 full-time equivalent employees at December 31, 2018, compared to 592 at December 31, 2017, and 598 at December 31, 2016.

• | Occupancy and equipment expense increased $1,937,000 or 15.4% to $14.5 million in 2018 from $12.6 million in 2017, and $11.4 million in 2016. The increase in 2018 was primarily due to increases in maintenance and repair expenses, rent expense, and building insurance related to the acquisition of First Bank and Soy Capital Bank. The increase in 2017 and 2016 was primarily due to increases in rent, property taxes, and depreciation expenses related to the acquisition of First Clover Leaf Bank during the third quarter of 2016.

• | Net other real estate owned expense decreased $278,000 or 49.6% to $282,000 from $560,000 in 2017, and $60,000 in 2016. The decrease in 2018 was primarily due to more gains on properties sold during 2017 than properties sold in 2018. The increase in 2017 was primarily due to a write down of one property to the appraised value and real estate taxes and maintenance expenses on properties owned.

• | FDIC insurance expense increased $154,000 or 17.0% to $1,059,000 from $905,000 in 2017, and $966,000 in 2016. The increase in 2018 was primarily due to an increase in average assets offset by a decline in FDIC rates. The decrease in 2017 was primarily due to a decline in FDIC rates.

• | Amortization of other intangibles expense increased $1,062,000 or 49.3% to $3,215,000 from $2,153,000 in 2017, and $1,909,000 in 2016. The increase in 2018 was due to amortization of core deposit intangibles from the First Bank and Soy Capital acquisitions. The increase in 2017 was due to a full year of amortization of deposit premium for First Clover Leaf Bank.

• | Other operating expenses increased $3,804,000 or 31.0% to $16,088,000 from $12,284,000 in 2017, and $9,108,000 in 2016. The increase in 2018 was primarily due to costs associated with the acquisition and merger of First Bank and the acquisition of Soy Capital Bank. The increase in 2017 was primarily due to additional expenses from First Clover Leaf locations and costs associated with the merger of First Clover Leaf Bank during the first quarter of 2017.

• | On a net basis, all other categories of operating expenses increased $2,033,000 or 34.1% to $8,000,000 from $5,967,000 in 2017, and $5,695,000 in 2016. The increase is primarily due to an increase in legal and professional fees primarily associated with the acquisitions of First Bank and Soy Capital. The increase from 2016 to 2017 was primarily due to an increase in legal expenses, primarily due to acquisition and loan collection related expenses.

Income Taxes
Income tax expense amounted to $11,905,000 in 2018 compared to $15,042,000 in 2017, and $11,940,000 in 2016. Effective tax rates were 24.5% for 2018, 36.0% for 2017, and 35.3% for 2016. The decline in effective tax rate for 2018 compared to 2017 was primarily due to a change in federal statutory corporate tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. The increases in tax expense and the effective tax rate for 2017 were primarily due to an increase in taxable income, and increase in Illinois corporate income tax rate from 7.75% to 9.50% effective July 1, 2017, and additional one-time income tax expense of approximately $1.4 million during the fourth quarter of 2017, due to remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities because of the Tax Cut and Jobs Act.
The Company files U.S. federal and state of Illinois, Indiana, and Missouri income tax returns. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal or state income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2015.
27

Analysis of Balance Sheets
Securities
The Company’s overall investment objectives are to insulate the investment portfolio from undue credit risk, maintain adequate liquidity, insulate capital against changes in market value and control excessive changes in earnings while optimizing investment performance. The types and maturities of securities purchased are primarily based on the Company’s current and projected liquidity and interest rate sensitivity positions. The following table sets forth the amortized cost of the available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities for the last three years (dollars in thousands):

| December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
| Amortized Cost | Weighted Average Yield |  | Amortized Cost | Weighted Average Yield |  | Amortized Cost | Weighted Average Yield
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies | $ | 270,816 |  | 2.38 | % |  | $ | 185,128 |  | 1.98 | % |  | $ | 213,050 |  | 1.83 | %
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 193,195 |  | 2.94 | % |  | 165,037 |  | 2.86 | % |  | 164,163 |  | 2.80 | %
Mortgage-backed securities: GSE residential | 304,372 |  | 2.86 | % |  | 295,778 |  | 2.59 | % |  | 318,829 |  | 2.57 | %
Trust preferred securities | — |  | — | % |  | 2,893 |  | 2.15 | % |  | 3,050 |  | 1.86 | %
Other securities | 2,278 |  | 3.58 | % |  | 2,039 |  | 2.50 | % |  | 4,034 |  | 2.14 | %
Total securities | $ | 770,661 |  | 2.72 | % |  | $ | 650,875 |  | 2.55 | % |  | $ | 703,126 |  | 2.39 | %

At December 31, 2018, the amortized cost of the Company’s investment portfolio increased by $119.8 million from December 31, 2017 primarily due to securities that were added in the acquisitions of First Bank and Soy Capital, net of declines due to securities that were sold to provide cash flow to fund loans. At December 31, 2017, the amortized cost of the Company's investment portfolio decreased by $52.3 million from December 31, 2016 primarily due to securities that were sold to provide cash flow to fund loans. When purchasing investment securities, the Company considers its overall liquidity and interest rate risk profile, as well as the adequacy of expected returns relative to the risks assumed.
The table below presents the credit ratings as of December 31, 2018 for certain investment securities (in thousands):

|  |  |  |  | Average Credit Rating of Fair Value at December 31, 2018 (1)
| Amortized Cost |  | Estimated Fair Value |  | AAA |  | AA +/- |  | A +/- |  | BBB +/- |  | < BBB - |  | Not rated
Available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies | $ | 201,380 |  |  | $ | 198,649 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 198,649 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Obligations of state and political subdivisions | 193,195 |  |  | 192,579 |  |  | 18,923 |  |  | 118,627 |  |  | 51,753 |  |  | 495 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,781 |
Mortgage-backed securities (2) | 304,372 |  |  | 298,672 |  |  | 1,017 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 297,655 |
Trust preferred securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other securities | 2,278 |  |  | 2,374 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,010 |  |  | — |  |  | 364 |
Total investments | $ | 701,225 |  |  | $ | 692,274 |  |  | $ | 19,940 |  |  | $ | 317,276 |  |  | $ | 51,753 |  |  | $ | 2,505 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 300,800 |
Held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies | $ | 69,436 |  |  | $ | 67,909 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 67,909 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | — |

(1) Credit ratings reflect the lowest current rating assigned by a nationally recognized credit rating agency.
(2) Mortgage-backed securities include mortgage-backed securities (MBS) and collateralized mortgage obligation (CMO) issues from the following government sponsored enterprises: FHLMC, FNMA, GNMA and FHLB. While MBS and CMOs are no longer explicitly rated by credit rating agencies, the industry recognizes that they are backed by agencies which have an implied government guarantee.
28

Other-than-temporary Impairment of Securities
Declines in the fair value, or unrealized losses, of all available for sale investment securities, are reviewed to determine whether the losses are either a temporary impairment or OTTI. Temporary adjustments are recorded when the fair value of a security fluctuates from its historical cost. Temporary adjustments are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, and impact the Company’s equity position. Temporary adjustments do not impact net income. A recovery of available for sale security prices also is recorded as an adjustment to other comprehensive income for securities that are temporarily impaired, and results in a positive impact to the Company’s equity position.
OTTI is recorded when the fair value of an available for sale security is less than historical cost, and it is probable that all contractual cash flows will not be collected. Investment securities are evaluated for OTTI on at least a quarterly basis. In conducting this assessment, the Company evaluates a number of factors including, but not limited to:

• | how much fair value has declined below amortized cost;

• | how long the decline in fair value has existed;

• | the financial condition of the issuers;

• | contractual or estimated cash flows of the security;

• | underlying supporting collateral;

• | past events, current conditions and forecasts;

• | significant rating agency changes on the issuer; and

• | the Company’s intent and ability to hold the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for any anticipated recovery in fair value.

If the Company intends to sell the security or if it is more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the entire amount of OTTI is recorded to noninterest income, and therefore, results in a negative impact to net income. Because the available for sale securities portfolio is recorded at fair value, the conclusion as to whether an investment decline is other-than-temporarily impaired, does not significantly impact the Company’s equity position, as the amount of the temporary adjustment has already been reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income/loss. If the Company does not intend to sell the security and it is not more-likely-than-not it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, only the amount related to credit loss is recognized in earnings. In determining the portion of OTTI that is related to credit loss, the Company compares the present value of cash flows expected to be collected from the security with the amortized cost basis of the security. The remaining portion of OTTI, related to other factors, is recognized in other comprehensive earnings, net of applicable taxes. The term “other-than-temporary” is not intended to indicate that the decline is permanent, but indicates that the prospects for a near-term recovery of value are not necessarily favorable, or that there is a general lack of evidence to support a realizable value equal to or greater than the carrying value of the investment. See Note 4 -- Investment Securities in the notes to the financial statements for a discussion of the Company’s evaluation and, when applicable, charges for OTTI.
Loans
The loan portfolio (net of unearned interest) is the largest category of the Company’s earning assets. The following table summarizes the composition of the loan portfolio, including loans held for sale, for the last five years (in thousands):

| 2018 |  | % Outstanding Loans |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Construction and land development | $ | 50,619 |  |  | 1.9 | % |  | $ | 107,594 |  |  | $ | 49,104 |  |  | $ | 39,209 |  |  | $ | 21,627 |
Farm loans | 231,700 |  |  | 8.8 | % |  | 127,183 |  |  | 126,108 |  |  | 122,474 |  |  | 110,193 |
1-4 Family residential properties | 373,518 |  |  | 14.1 | % |  | 293,667 |  |  | 326,415 |  |  | 231,571 |  |  | 181,921 |
Multifamily residential properties | 184,051 |  |  | 7.0 | % |  | 61,798 |  |  | 83,200 |  |  | 45,740 |  |  | 53,129 |
Commercial real estate | 906,850 |  |  | 34.2 | % |  | 681,757 |  |  | 630,135 |  |  | 409,172 |  |  | 379,604 |
Loans secured by real estate | 1,746,738 |  |  | 66.0 | % |  | 1,271,999 |  |  | 1,214,962 |  |  | 848,166 |  |  | 746,474 |
Agricultural loans | 135,877 |  |  | 5.1 | % |  | 86,631 |  |  | 86,685 |  |  | 75,886 |  |  | 68,298 |
Commercial and industrial loans | 557,011 |  |  | 21.1 | % |  | 444,263 |  |  | 409,033 |  |  | 305,060 |  |  | 223,780 |
Consumer loans | 91,516 |  |  | 3.5 | % |  | 29,749 |  |  | 38,028 |  |  | 41,579 |  |  | 15,118 |
All other loans | 113,377 |  |  | 4.3 | % |  | 106,859 |  |  | 77,284 |  |  | 11,198 |  |  | 8,736 |
Total loans | $ | 2,644,519 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 1,939,501 |  |  | $ | 1,825,992 |  |  | $ | 1,281,889 |  |  | $ | 1,062,406 |

Loan balances increased by $705.0 million or 36.4% from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018 primarily due to loans acquired from First Bank and Soy Capital Bank. Loan balances increased by $113.5 million or 6.2% from December 31, 2016 to December 31, 2017 primarily due to increases in construction and land development, commercial operating, and commercial real estate loans. The balances of loans sold into the secondary market were $62.3 million in 2018 compared to $67.5 million in 2017. The balance of real estate loans held for sale, included in the balances shown above, amounted to $1,508,000 and $1,025,000 as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Commercial and commercial real estate loans generally involve higher credit risks than residential real estate and consumer loans. Because payments on loans secured by commercial real estate or equipment are often dependent upon the successful operation and management of the underlying assets, repayment of such loans may be influenced to a great extent by conditions in the market or the economy. The Company does not have any sub-prime mortgages or credit card loans outstanding which are also generally considered to be higher credit risk.
29

The following table summarizes the loan portfolio geographically by branch region as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands):

| December 31, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
| Principal balance |  | % Outstanding Loans |  | Principal balance |  | % Outstanding Loans
Central region | $ | 571,909 |  |  | 21.7 | % |  | $ | 543,938 |  |  | 28.0 | %
Sullivan region | 375,407 |  |  | 14.2 | % |  | 167,977 |  |  | 8.7 | %
Decatur region | 501,743 |  |  | 19.0 | % |  | 378,867 |  |  | 19.5 | %
Peoria region | 291,283 |  |  | 11.0 | % |  | 189,639 |  |  | 9.8 | %
Highland region | 518,881 |  |  | 19.6 | % |  | 525,983 |  |  | 27.1 | %
Southern region | 133,225 |  |  | 5.0 | % |  | 133,097 |  |  | 6.9 | %
Soy Capital Bank | 252,071 |  |  | 9.5 | % |  | — |  |  | — | %
Total all regions | $ | 2,644,519 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 1,939,501 |  |  | 100.0 | %

Loans are geographically dispersed among these regions located in central and southwestern Illinois. While these regions have experienced some economic stress during 2018 and 2017, the Company does not consider these locations high risk areas since these regions have not experienced the significant volatility in real estate values seen in some other areas in the United States.
The Company does not have a concentration, as defined by the regulatory agencies, in construction and land development loans or commercial real estate loans as a percentage of total risk-based capital for the periods shown above. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company did have industry loan concentrations in excess of 25% of total risk-based capital in the following industries (dollars in thousands):

| December 31, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
| Principal balance |  | % Outstanding Loans |  | Principal balance |  | % Outstanding Loans
Other grain farming | $ | 276,142 |  |  | 10.44 | % |  | $ | 170,758 |  |  | 8.80 | %
Lessors of non-residential buildings | 250,495 |  |  | 9.47 | % |  | 185,967 |  |  | 9.59 | %
Lessors of residential buildings & dwellings | 289,169 |  |  | 10.93 | % |  | 131,756 |  |  | 6.79 | %
Hotels and motels | 129,216 |  |  | 4.89 | % |  | 131,702 |  |  | 6.79 | %
Other Gambling Industries | 105,259 |  |  | 3.98 | % |  | 95,713 |  |  | 4.93 | %

The Company had no further industry loan concentrations in excess of 25% of total risk-based capital.
The following table presents the balance of loans outstanding as of December 31, 2018, by contractual maturities (in thousands):

| Maturity (1)
| One year or less(2) |  | Over 1 through 5 years |  | Over 5 years |  | Total
Construction and land development | $ | 29,636 |  |  | $ | 9,836 |  |  | $ | 11,147 |  |  | $ | 50,619 |
Farm loans | 10,472 |  |  | 76,472 |  |  | 144,756 |  |  | 231,700 |
1-4 Family residential properties | 28,985 |  |  | 82,628 |  |  | 261,905 |  |  | 373,518 |
Multifamily residential properties | 11,380 |  |  | 126,850 |  |  | 45,821 |  |  | 184,051 |
Commercial real estate | 87,732 |  |  | 369,957 |  |  | 449,161 |  |  | 906,850 |
Loans secured by real estate | 168,205 |  |  | 665,743 |  |  | 912,790 |  |  | 1,746,738 |
Agricultural loans | 104,746 |  |  | 27,121 |  |  | 4,010 |  |  | 135,877 |
Commercial and industrial loans | 218,470 |  |  | 281,843 |  |  | 56,698 |  |  | 557,011 |
Consumer loans | 5,288 |  |  | 74,996 |  |  | 11,232 |  |  | 91,516 |
All other loans | 12,468 |  |  | 33,052 |  |  | 67,857 |  |  | 113,377 |
Total loans | $ | 509,177 |  |  | $ | 1,082,755 |  |  | $ | 1,052,587 |  |  | $ | 2,644,519 |

(1) Based upon remaining contractual maturity.
(2) Includes demand loans, past due loans and overdrafts.
30

As of December 31, 2018, loans with maturities over one year consisted of approximately $1.6 billion in fixed rate loans and approximately $557 million in variable rate loans. The loan maturities noted above are based on the contractual provisions of the individual loans. The Company has no general policy regarding renewals and borrower requests, which are handled on a case-by-case basis.
Nonperforming Loans and Nonperforming Other Assets
Nonperforming loans include: (a) loans accounted for on a nonaccrual basis; (b) accruing loans contractually past due ninety days or more as to interest or principal payments; and (c) loans not included in (a) and (b) above which are defined as “troubled debt restructurings”. Repossessed assets include primarily repossessed real estate and automobiles.
The Company’s policy is to discontinue the accrual of interest income on any loan for which principal or interest is ninety days past due. The accrual of interest is discontinued earlier when, in the opinion of management, there is reasonable doubt as to the timely collection of interest or principal. Once interest accruals are discontinued, accrued but uncollected interest is charged against current year income. Subsequent receipts on non-accrual loans are recorded as a reduction of principal, and interest income is recorded only after principal recovery is reasonably assured. Nonaccrual loans are returned to accrual status when, in the opinion of management, the financial position of the borrower indicates there is no longer any reasonable doubt as to the timely collection of interest or principal.
Restructured loans are loans on which, due to deterioration in the borrower’s financial condition, the original terms have been modified in favor of the borrower or either principal or interest has been forgiven. Repossessed assets represent property acquired as the result of borrower defaults on loans. These assets are recorded at estimated fair value, less estimated selling costs, at the time of foreclosure or repossession. Write-downs occurring at foreclosure are charged against the allowance for loan losses. On an ongoing basis, properties are appraised as required by market indications and applicable regulations. Write-downs for subsequent declines in value are recorded in non-interest expense in other real estate owned along with other expenses related to maintaining the properties.
The following table presents information concerning the aggregate amount of nonperforming loans and repossessed assets (in thousands):

| December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Nonaccrual loans | $ | 27,298 |  |  | $ | 16,659 |  |  | $ | 12,053 |  |  | $ | 3,412 |  |  | $ | 4,105 |
Restructured loans which are performing in accordance with revised terms | 2,451 |  |  | 854 |  |  | 6,185 |  |  | 601 |  |  | 435 |
Total nonperforming loans | 29,749 |  |  | 17,513 |  |  | 18,238 |  |  | 4,013 |  |  | 4,540 |
Repossessed assets | 2,595 |  |  | 2,834 |  |  | 1,985 |  |  | 478 |  |  | 263 |
Total nonperforming loans and repossessed assets | $ | 32,344 |  |  | $ | 20,347 |  |  | $ | 20,223 |  |  | $ | 4,491 |  |  | $ | 4,803 |
Nonperforming loans to loans, before allowance for loan losses | 1.12 | % |  | 0.90 | % |  | 1.00 | % |  | 0.31 | % |  | 0.43 | %
Nonperforming loans and repossessed assets to loans, before allowance for loan losses | 1.22 | % |  | 1.05 | % |  | 1.11 | % |  | 0.35 | % |  | 0.45 | %

The $10.6 million increase in nonaccrual loans during 2018 resulted from the net of $14.7 million of loans put on nonaccrual status including $2,242,000 acquired from First Bank and $344,000 acquired from Soy Capital Bank, offset by $235,000 of loans transferred to other real estate owned, $564,000 of loans charged off and $3.3 million of loans becoming current or paid-off. The amounts above do not include loans formerly identified as TDRs by Soy Capital Bank. The following table summarizes the composition of nonaccrual loans (in thousands):

| December 31, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
| Balance |  | % of Total |  | Balance |  | % of Total
Construction and land development | $ | 377 |  |  | 1.4 | % |  | $ | — |  |  | — | %
Farm loans | 309 |  |  | 1.1 | % |  | 291 |  |  | 1.7 | %
1-4 Family residential properties | 5,762 |  |  | 21.1 | % |  | 2,687 |  |  | 16.1 | %
Multifamily residential properties | 2,105 |  |  | 7.7 | % |  | 368 |  |  | 2.2 | %
Commercial real estate | 8,457 |  |  | 31.1 | % |  | 5,596 |  |  | 33.6 | %
Loans secured by real estate | 17,010 |  |  | 62.4 | % |  | 8,942 |  |  | 53.6 | %
Agricultural loans | 667 |  |  | 2.4 | % |  | 757 |  |  | 4.5 | %
Commercial and industrial loans | 8,990 |  |  | 32.9 | % |  | 6,658 |  |  | 40.1 | %
Consumer loans | 625 |  |  | 2.3 | % |  | 302 |  |  | 1.8 | %
All Other loans | 6 |  |  | — | % |  | — |  |  | — | %
Total loans | $ | 27,298 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 16,659 |  |  | 100.0 | %

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Interest income that would have been reported if nonaccrual and restructured loans had been performing totaled $1,189,000, $471,000 and $133,000 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
The $239,000 decrease in repossessed assets during 2018 resulted from the net of $619,000 of additional assets repossessed, $1,408,000 assets acquired,$1,729,000 of repossessed assets sold and $537,000 of further write-downs of repossessed assets to current market value. The following table summarizes the composition of repossessed assets (in thousands):

| December 31, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
| Balance |  | % of Total |  | Balance |  | % of Total
Construction and land development | $ | 1,513 |  |  | 58.2 | % |  | $ | 1,781 |  |  | 62.7 | %
Farm Loans | — |  |  | — | % |  | — |  |  | — | %
1-4 family residential properties | 583 |  |  | 22.5 | % |  | 413 |  |  | 14.6 | %
Multi-family residential properties | — |  |  | — | % |  | — |  |  | — | %
Commercial real estate | 438 |  |  | 16.9 | % |  | 560 |  |  | 19.8 | %
Total real estate | 2,534 |  |  | 97.6 | % |  | 2,754 |  |  | 97.1 | %
Agricultural Loans | — |  |  | — | % |  | — |  |  | — | %
Commercial & Industrial Loans | 61 |  |  | 2.4 | % |  | 44 |  |  | 1.6 | %
Consumer Loans | — |  |  | — | % |  | 36 |  |  | 1.3 | %
Total repossessed collateral | $ | 2,595 |  |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 2,834 |  |  | 100.0 | %

Repossessed assets sold during 2018 resulted in net losses of $132,000, of which $120,000 of net losses was related to real estate asset sales and $12,000 of net losses was related to other repossessed assets.
Loan Quality and Allowance for Loan Losses
The allowance for loan losses represents management’s estimate of the reserve necessary to adequately account for probable losses existing in the current portfolio. The provision for loan losses is the charge against current earnings that is determined by management as the amount needed to maintain an adequate allowance for loan losses. In determining the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, and therefore the provision to be charged to current earnings, management relies predominantly on a disciplined credit review and approval process that extends to the full range of the Company’s credit exposure. The review process is directed by overall lending policy and is intended to identify, at the earliest possible stage, borrowers who might be facing financial difficulty. Once identified, the magnitude of exposure to individual borrowers is quantified in the form of specific allocations of the allowance for loan losses. Management considers collateral values and guarantees in the determination of such specific allocations. Additional factors considered by management in evaluating the overall adequacy of the allowance include historical net loan losses, the level and composition of nonaccrual, past due and renegotiated loans, trends in volumes and terms of loans, effects of changes in risk selection and underwriting standards or lending practices, lending staff changes, concentrations of credit, industry conditions and the current economic conditions in the region where the Company operates.
Given the current state of the economy, management did assess the impact of the recession on each category of loans and adjusted historical loss factors for more recent economic trends. Management utilizes a five-year loss history as one of several components in assessing the probability of inherent future losses. Given the continued weakened economic conditions, management also increased its allocation to various loan categories for economic factors during 2015 and 2014. Some of the economic factors include the potential for reduced cash flow for commercial operating loans from reduction in sales or
increased operating costs, decreased occupancy rates for commercial buildings, reduced levels of home sales for commercial land developments, the uncertainty regarding grain prices, drought conditions and increased operating costs for farmers, and increased levels of unemployment and bankruptcy impacting consumer’s ability to pay. Each of these economic uncertainties was taken into consideration in developing the level of the reserve. Management considers the allowance for loan losses a critical accounting policy.
Management recognizes there are risk factors that are inherent in the Company’s loan portfolio. All financial institutions face risk factors in their loan portfolios because risk exposure is a function of the business. The Company’s operations (and therefore its loans) are concentrated in central and southern Illinois, an area where agriculture is the dominant industry. Accordingly, lending and other business relationships with agriculture-based businesses are critical to the Company’s success. At December 31, 2018, the Company’s loan portfolio included $367.6 million of loans to borrowers whose businesses are directly related to agriculture. Of this amount, $276.1 million was concentrated in other grain farming. Total loans to borrowers whose businesses are directly related to agriculture increased $153.8 million from $213.8 million at December 31, 2017 while loans concentrated in other grain farming increased $105.3 million from $170.8 million at December 31, 2017.
While the Company adheres to sound underwriting practices, including collateralization of loans, any extended period of low commodity prices, drought conditions, significantly reduced yields on crops and/or reduced levels of government assistance to the agricultural industry could result in an increase in the level of problem agriculture loans and potentially result in loan losses within the agricultural portfolio.
In addition, the Company has $129.2 million of loans to motels and hotels. The performance of these loans is dependent on borrower specific issues as well as the general level of business and personal travel within the region. While the Company adheres to sound underwriting standards, a prolonged period of reduced business or personal travel could result in an increase in nonperforming loans to this business segment and potentially in loan losses. The Company
32

also has $250.5 million of loans to lessors of non-residential buildings and $289.2 million of loans to lessors of residential buildings and dwellings, and $105.3 million to other gambling industries.
The structure of the Company’s loan approval process is based on progressively larger lending authorities granted to individual loan officers, loan committees, and ultimately the Board of Directors. Outstanding balances to one borrower or affiliated borrowers are limited by federal regulation; however, limits well below the regulatory thresholds are generally observed. The vast majority of the Company’s loans are to businesses located in the geographic market areas served by the Company’s branch bank system. Additionally, a significant portion of the collateral securing the loans in the portfolio is located within the Company’s primary geographic footprint. In general, the Company adheres to loan underwriting standards consistent with industry guidelines for all loan segments.
The Company minimizes credit risk by adhering to sound underwriting and credit review policies. Management and the Board of Directors of the Company review these policies at least annually. Senior management is actively involved in business development efforts and the maintenance and monitoring of credit underwriting and approval. The loan review system and controls are designed to identify, monitor and address asset quality problems in an accurate and timely manner. On a quarterly basis, the Board of Directors and management review the status of problem loans and determine a best estimate of the allowance. In addition to internal policies and controls, regulatory authorities periodically review asset quality and the overall adequacy of the allowance for loan losses.
Analysis of the allowance for loan losses for the past five years and of changes in the allowance for these periods is summarized as follows (dollars in thousands):

| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Average loans outstanding, net of unearned income | $ | 2,276,500 |  |  | $ | 1,836,617 |  |  | $ | 1,454,591 |  |  | $ | 1,126,479 |  |  | $ | 1,022,605 |
Allowance-beginning of period | 19,977 |  |  | 16,753 |  |  | 14,576 |  |  | 13,682 |  |  | 13,249 |
Charge-offs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate-mortgage | 1,281 |  |  | 1,025 |  |  | 381 |  |  | 131 |  |  | 185 |
Commercial, financial & agricultural | 925 |  |  | 3,649 |  |  | 630 |  |  | 222 |  |  | 41 |
Installment | 364 |  |  | 98 |  |  | 292 |  |  | 285 |  |  | 63 |
Other | 423 |  |  | 423 |  |  | 372 |  |  | 268 |  |  | 248 |
Total charge-offs | 2,993 |  |  | 5,195 |  |  | 1,675 |  |  | 906 |  |  | 537 |
Recoveries: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate-mortgage | 91 |  |  | 406 |  |  | 529 |  |  | 186 |  |  | 110 |
Commercial, financial & agricultural | 133 |  |  | 281 |  |  | 283 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 78 |
Installment | 80 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 26 |
Other | 234 |  |  | 243 |  |  | 189 |  |  | 152 |  |  | 127 |
Total recoveries | 538 |  |  | 957 |  |  | 1,026 |  |  | 482 |  |  | 341 |
Net charge-offs | 2,455 |  |  | 4,238 |  |  | 649 |  |  | 424 |  |  | 196 |
Provision for loan losses | 8,667 |  |  | 7,462 |  |  | 2,826 |  |  | 1,318 |  |  | 629 |
Allowance-end of period | $ | 26,189 |  |  | $ | 19,977 |  |  | $ | 16,753 |  |  | $ | 14,576 |  |  | $ | 13,682 |
Ratio of annualized net charge-offs to average loans | 0.11 | % |  | 0.23 | % |  | 0.05 | % |  | 0.04 | % |  | 0.03 | %
Ratio of allowance for loan losses to loans outstanding (less unearned interest at end of period) | 0.99 | % |  | 1.03 | % |  | 0.92 | % |  | 1.14 | % |  | 1.29 | %
Ratio of allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans | 88.0 | % |  | 114.1 | % |  | 92.0 | % |  | 363.0 | % |  | 301.4 | %

The ratio of the allowance for loan losses to nonperforming loans is 88.0% as of December 31, 2018 compared to 114.1% as of December 31, 2017. The decrease in this ratio is primarily due to the increase in loan balances and the increase in non performing loans to $29.7 million at December 31, 2018 from $17.5 million at December 31, 2017 including $.3 million in non-performing loans from Soy Capital Bank and $6.6 million in non-performing loans acquired from First Bank during the second quarter of 2018. The amounts above do not include loans formerly identified as TDRs by Soy Capital Bank. Management believes that the overall estimate of the allowance for loan losses appropriately accounts for probable losses attributable to current exposures.
During 2018, the Company had net charge-offs of $2,455,000 compared to $4,238,000 in 2017. During 2018, there were significant charge offs of commercial real estate loans to one borrower of $169,000, charge offs of two agricultural loans to one borrower of $93,000, and charge offs of six commercial operating loans to two borrowers of $540,000. During 2017, the Company had net charge-offs of $4,238,000 compared to $649,000 in 2016. During 2017, there were significant charge offs of commercial real estate loans to three borrowers of $619,000, charge offs of two agricultural loans to one borrower of $662,000, and charge offs of twelve commercial
operating loans to five borrowers of $2,689,000.
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At December 31, 2018, the allowance for loan losses amounted to $26.2 million or 0.99% of total loans. At December 31, 2017, the allowance for loan losses amounted to $20.0 million or 1.03% of total loans. The decrease in this ratio in 2018 is primarily due to an increase in loan balances. The increase in this ratio in 2017 is primarily due to an increase in provision recorded as loans acquired renewed or paid off.
The allowance is allocated to the individual loan categories by a specific allocation for all classified loans plus a percentage of loans not classified based on historical losses and other factors. The allowance for loan losses, in management's judgment, is allocated as follows to cover probable loan losses (dollars in thousands):

| December 31, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
| Allowance for loan losses | % of loans to total loans |  | Allowance for loan losses | % of loans to total loans |  | Allowance for loan losses | % of loans to total loans
Residential real estate | $ | 1,504 |  | 14.8 | % |  | $ | 886 |  | 16.2 | % |  | $ | 874 |  | 20.1 | %
Commercial / Commercial real estate | 21,556 |  | 67.5 | % |  | 16,546 |  | 70.8 | % |  | 12,901 |  | 66.0 | %
Agricultural / Agricultural real estate | 2,197 |  | 13.9 | % |  | 1,742 |  | 11.0 | % |  | 2,249 |  | 11.6 | %
Consumer | 932 |  | 3.8 | % |  | 803 |  | 2.0 | % |  | 693 |  | 2.3 | %
Total allocated | 26,189 |  | 100.0 | % |  | 19,977 |  | 100.0 | % |  | 16,717 |  | 100.0 | %
Unallocated | — |  | NA |  |  | — |  | NA |  |  | 36 |  | NA |
Allowance at end of year | $ | 26,189 |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 19,977 |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 16,753 |  | 100.0 | %

| December 31, 2015 |  | December 31, 2014 |  |  |
| Allowance for loan losses | % of loans to total loans |  | Allowance for loan losses | % of loans to total loans |  |  |
Residential real estate | 994 |  | 18.1 | % |  | $ | 790 |  | 17.4 | % |  |  |
Commercial / Commercial real estate | 11,379 |  | 63.0 | % |  | 10,914 |  | 64.4 | % |  |  |
Agricultural / Agricultural real estate | 1,337 |  | 15.5 | % |  | 1,360 |  | 16.8 | % |  |  |
Consumer | 642 |  | 3.4 | % |  | 386 |  | 1.4 | % |  |  |
Total allocated | 14,352 |  | 100.0 | % |  | 13,450 |  | 100.0 | % |  |  |
Unallocated | 224 |  | NA |  |  | 232 |  | N/A |  |  |  |
Allowance at end of year | 14,576 |  | 100.0 | % |  | $ | 13,682 |  | 100.0 | % |  |  |

The unallocated allowance represents an estimate of the probable, inherent, but yet undetected, losses in the loan portfolio. It is based on factors that cannot necessarily be associated with a specific credit or loan category and represents management's estimate to ensure that the overall allowance for loan losses appropriately reflects a margin for the imprecision necessarily inherent in the estimates of expected credit losses. Fluctuations in the unallocated portion of the allowance result from qualitative factors such as economic conditions, expansionary activities and portfolio composition that influence the level of risk in the portfolio but are not specifically quantified.
Deposits
Funding of the Company’s earning assets is substantially provided by a combination of consumer, commercial and public fund deposits. The Company continues to focus its strategies and emphasis on retail core deposits, the major component of funding sources. The following table sets forth the average deposits and weighted average rates for the the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
| Average Balance |  | Weighted Average Rate |  | Average Balance |  | Weighted Average Rate |  | Average Balance |  | Weighted Average Rate
Demand deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-interest-bearing | $ | 506,873 |  |  | — | % |  | $ | 438,575 |  |  | — | % |  | $ | 372,339 |  |  | — | %
Interest-bearing | 1,194,089 |  |  | 0.28 | % |  | 1,119,835 |  |  | 0.16 | % |  | 881,994 |  |  | 0.11 | %
Savings | 395,028 |  |  | 0.15 | % |  | 367,261 |  |  | 0.13 | % |  | 340,746 |  |  | 0.13 | %
Time deposits | 473,043 |  |  | 0.99 | % |  | 348,278 |  |  | 0.49 | % |  | 298,124 |  |  | 0.43 | %
Total average deposits | $ | 2,569,033 |  |  | 0.33 | % |  | $ | 2,273,949 |  |  | 0.18 | % |  | $ | 1,893,203 |  |  | 0.14 | %

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The following table sets forth the high and low month-end balances for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
High month-end balances of total deposits | $ | 3,017,035 |  |  | $ | 2,331,084 |  |  | $ | 2,329,887 |
Low month-end balances of total deposits | 2,208,941 |  |  | 2,217,477 |  |  | 1,699,770 |

In 2018, the average balance of deposits increased by $295.1 million from 2017. The increase was primarily the result of deposit balances acquired in the acquisition of First Bank during the second quarter of 2018 and the acquisition of Soy Capital Bank during the fourth quarter of 2018. Average non-interest bearing deposits increased $68.3 million, other interest-bearing deposits increased by $74.3 million, savings accounts increased by $27.8 million, and time deposits increased $124.8 million. In 2017, the average balance of deposits increased by $380.7 million from 2016. The increase was primarily attributable the acquisition of FIrst Clover Leaf during the third quarter of 2016 that were included for the full-year in 2017. Average non-interest bearing deposits increased by $66.2 million, savings accounts increased by $26.5 million, average balances of other interest-bearing deposits increased $237.8 million and time deposits increased by $50.2 million.
Balances of time deposits of $100,000 or more include time deposits maintained for public fund entities and consumer time deposits. The following table sets forth the maturity of time deposits of $100,000 or more (in thousands):

| December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
3 months or less | $ | 44,898 |  |  | $ | 31,467 |  |  | $ | 23,796 |
Over 3 through 6 months | 49,476 |  |  | 34,194 |  |  | 20,352 |
Over 6 through 12 months | 78,567 |  |  | 54,607 |  |  | 37,094 |
Over 12 months | 155,071 |  |  | 46,805 |  |  | 70,020 |
Total | $ | 328,012 |  |  | $ | 167,073 |  |  | $ | 151,262 |

The balance of time deposits of $100,000 or more increased $160.9 million from December 31, 2017 to December 31, 2018. The balance of time deposits of $100,000 or more increased $15.8 million from December 31, 2016 to December 31, 2017. The increase in 2018 and 2017 was primarily due to the deposits added through acquisitions.
In 2018 the Company maintained account relationships with various public entities throughout its market areas. 83 public entities had total balances of $94.8 million in various checking accounts and time deposits as of December 31, 2018. These balances are subject to change depending upon the cash flow needs of the public entity.
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Repurchase Agreements and Other Borrowings
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are short-term obligations of First Mid Bank and Soy Capital Bank. These obligations are collateralized with certain government securities that are direct obligations of the United States or one of its agencies. These retail repurchase agreements are a cash management service to its corporate customers. Other borrowings consist of Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) advances, federal funds purchased, loans (short-term or long-term debt) that the Company has outstanding and junior subordinated debentures. Information relating to securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings as December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 is presented below (in thousands):

| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
At December 31: |  |  |  |  |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | $ | 192,330 |  |  | $ | 155,388 |  |  | $ | 185,763 |
Federal Home Loan Bank advances: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fixed term – due in one year or less | 29,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,000 |
Fixed term – due after one year | 90,745 |  |  | 60,038 |  |  | 35,094 |
Junior subordinated debentures | 29,000 |  |  | 24,000 |  |  | 23,917 |
Debt due in one year or less | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,000 |
Debt due after one year | 7,724 |  |  | 10,313 |  |  | 14,063 |
Total | $ | 348,799 |  |  | $ | 249,739 |  |  | $ | 267,837 |
Average interest rate at end of period | 1.30 | % |  | 1.00 | % |  | 0.52 | %
Maximum outstanding at any month-end: |  |  |  |  |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | $ | 192,330 |  |  | $ | 163,626 |  |  | $ | 185,763 |
Federal funds purchased | 22,000 |  |  | 20,000 |  |  | 12,500 |
Federal Home Loan Bank advances: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
FHLB-overnite | 30,000 |  |  | 30,000 |  |  | 10,000 |
Fixed term – due in one year or less | 29,000 |  |  | 5,000 |  |  | 20,000 |
Fixed term – due after one year | 101,745 |  |  | 60,061 |  |  | 35,109 |
Debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt due in one year or less | — |  |  | 4,000 |  |  | 7,000 |
Debt due after one year | 10,313 |  |  | 14,063 |  |  | 15,000 |
Junior subordinated debentures | 30,221 |  |  | 24,000 |  |  | 23,917 |
Averages for the period (YTD): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | $ | 140,622 |  |  | $ | 144,674 |  |  | $ | 129,734 |
Federal funds purchased | 3,794 |  |  | 3,996 |  |  | 1,795 |
Federal Home Loan Bank advances: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
FHLB-overnite | 9,434 |  |  | 8,598 |  |  | 3,992 |
Fixed term – due in one year or less | 16,510 |  |  | 2,356 |  |  | 10,260 |
Fixed term – due after one year | 71,757 |  |  | 46,452 |  |  | 22,396 |
Debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans due in one year or less | 548 |  |  | 658 |  |  | 1,454 |
Loans due after one year | 9,555 |  |  | 12,632 |  |  | 4,749 |
Junior subordinated debentures | 27,391 |  |  | 23,956 |  |  | 21,650 |
Total | $ | 279,611 |  |  | $ | 243,322 |  |  | $ | 196,030 |
Average interest rate during the period | 1.52 | % |  | 1.02 | % |  | 0.81 | %

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase increased $36.9 million during 2018 primarily due to balances acquired from Soy Capital Bank, and the seasonal demands in balances and change in cash flow needs of various customers. FHLB advances represent borrowings by the Banks to economically fund loan demand.
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At December 31, 2018 the advances totaling $120.0 million were as follows:

• | $4 million advance with a 3-year maturity, at 1.72% due April 12, 2019

• | $15 million advance with a 6-month maturity, at 2.40% due May 13, 2019

• | $5 million advance with a 2-year maturity, at 1.56%, due June 28, 2019

• | $10 million advance with a 11-month maturity at 2.81%, due August 30, 2019

• | $5 million advance with a 15-month maturity, at 2.63%, due September 27, 2019

• | $2 million advance with a 5-year maturity, at 1.89%, due October 17, 2019

• | $10 million advance with a 14-month maturity at 2.88%, due November 29, 2019

• | $5 million advance with a 1.5-year maturity, at 2.67%, due December 27, 2019

• | $4 million advance with a 3-year maturity, at 2.68%, due January 9, 2020

• | $5 million advance with a 2.5-year maturity, at 1.67%, due January 31, 2020

• | $5 million advance with a 4-year maturity, at 1.79%, due April 30, 2020

• | $10 million advance with a 1.5 year maturity at 2.95%, due May 29, 2020

• | $5 million advance with a 2-year maturity, at 2.75%, due June 26, 2020

• | $5 million advance with a 3-year maturity, at 1.75%, due July 31, 2020

• | $5 million advance with a 6-year maturity, at 2.30%, due August 24, 2020

• | $5 million advance with a 3.5-year maturity, at 1.83%, due February 1, 2021

• | $5 million advance with a 5-year maturity, at 1.85%, due April 12, 2021

• | $5 million advance with a 7-year maturity, at 2.55%, due October 1, 2021

• | $5 million advance with a 5-year maturity, at 2.71%, due March 21, 2022

• | $5 million advance with a 8-year maturity, at 2.40%, due January 9, 2023

The Company is party to a revolving credit agreement with The Northern Trust Company in the amount of $10 million. The balance on this line of credit was $0 as of December 31, 2018. This loan was renewed on April 13, 2018 for one year as a revolving credit agreement with a maximum available balance of $10 million. The interest rate is floating at 2.25% over the federal funds rate (4.65% and 3.67% at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively). The loan is secured by all of the stock of First Mid Bank. The Company and its subsidiary banks were in compliance with the then existing covenants at December 31, 2018 and 2017.
On September 7, 2016, the Company entered into, with The Northern Trust Company, a $15 million fixed-rate note with a maturity date of September 7, 2020. The interest rate is floating at 2.25% over the federal funds rate (4.65% and 3.67% at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively) and interest and principal payments are due quarterly. As of December 31, 2018, the balance due was paid off. The loan is secured by all of the stock of First Mid Bank. The Company used the proceeds of this note to fund the cash portion of the acquisition price of First Clover Leaf Financial.
On February 27, 2004, the Company completed the issuance and sale of $10 million of floating rate trust preferred securities through First Mid-Illinois Statutory Trust I (“Trust I”), a statutory business trust and wholly-owned unconsolidated subsidiary of the Company, as part of a pooled offering. The Company established Trust I for the purpose of issuing the trust preferred securities. The $10 million in proceeds from the trust preferred issuance and an additional $310,000 for the Company’s investment in common equity of Trust I, a total of $10,310 000, was invested in junior subordinated debentures of the Company. The underlying junior subordinated debentures issued by the Company to Trust I mature in 2034, bear interest at three-month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus 280 basis points (5.19% and 4.21% at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively), reset quarterly, and are callable at par, at the option of the Company, quarterly. The Company used the proceeds of the offering for general corporate purposes.
On April 26, 2006, the Company completed the issuance and sale of $10 million of fixed/floating rate trust preferred securities through First Mid-Illinois Statutory Trust II (“Trust II”), a statutory business trust and wholly-owned unconsolidated subsidiary of the Company, as part of a pooled offering. The Company established Trust II for the purpose of issuing the trust preferred securities. The $10 million in proceeds from the trust preferred issuance and an additional $310,000 for the Company’s investment in common equity of Trust II, a total of $10,310 000, was invested in junior subordinated debentures of the Company. The underlying junior subordinated debentures issued by the Company to Trust II mature in 2036, bore interest at a fixed rate of 6.98% paid quarterly until June 15, 2011 and then converted to floating rate (LIBOR plus 160 basis points) after June 15, 2011 (4.39% and 3.19% at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively). The net proceeds to the Company were used for general corporate purposes, including the Company’s acquisition of Mansfield Bancorp, Inc. in 2006.
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On September 8, 2016, the Company assumed the trust preferred securities of Clover Leaf Statutory Trust I (“CLST I”), a statutory business trust that was a wholly owned unconsolidated subsidiary of First Clover Financial. The $4,000,000 of trust preferred securities and an additional $124,000 additional investment in common equity of CLST I, is invested in junior subordinated debentures issued to CLST I. The subordinated debentures mature in 2025, bear interest at three-month LIBOR plus 185 basis points (4.64% and 3.44% at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively) and resets quarterly.
On May 1, 2018, the Company assumed the trust preferred securities of FBTC Statutory Trust I (“FBTCST I”), a statutory business trust that was a wholly owned unconsolidated subsidiary of First BancTrust Corporation. The $6,000,000 of trust preferred securities and an additional $186,000 additional investment in common equity of FBTCST I is invested in junior subordinated debentures issued to FBTCST I. The subordinated debentures mature in 2035, bear interest at three-month LIBOR plus 170 basis points (4.49% and 3.29% at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively) and resets quarterly.
The trust preferred securities issued by Trust I, Trust II, CLST I, and FBTCST I are included as Tier 1 capital of the Company for regulatory capital purposes. On March 1, 2005, the Federal Reserve Board adopted a final rule that allows the continued limited inclusion of trust preferred securities in the calculation of Tier 1 capital for regulatory purposes. The final rule provided a five-year transition period, ending September 30, 2010, for application of the revised quantitative limits. On March 17, 2009, the Federal Reserve Board adopted an additional final rule that delayed the effective date of the new limits on inclusion of trust preferred securities in the calculation of Tier 1 capital until March 31, 2012. The application of the revised quantitative limits did not and is not expected to have a significant impact on its calculation of Tier 1 capital for regulatory purposes or its classification as well-capitalized. The Dodd-Frank Act, signed into law July 21, 2010, removes trust preferred securities as a permitted component of a holding company’s Tier 1 capital after a three-year phase-in period beginning January 1, 2013 for larger holding companies. For holding companies with less than $15 billion in consolidated assets, existing issues of trust preferred securities are grandfathered and not subject to this new restriction. New issuances of trust preferred securities, however would not count as Tier 1 regulatory capital.
In addition to requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act discussed above, the act also required the federal banking agencies to adopt rules that prohibit banks and their affiliates from engaging in proprietary trading and investing in and sponsoring certain unregistered investment companies (defined as hedge funds and private equity funds). This rule is generally referred to as the “Volcker Rule.” On December 10, 2013, the federal banking agencies issued final rules to implement the prohibitions required by the Volcker Rule. Following the publication of the final rule, and in reaction to concerns in the banking industry regarding the adverse impact the final rule’s treatment of certain collateralized debt instruments has on community banks, the federal banking agencies approved a final rule to permit banking entities to retain interests in certain collateralized debt obligations backed primarily by trust preferred securities. Under the final rule, the agencies permit the retention of an interest in or sponsorship of covered funds by banking entities under $15 billion in assets if (1) the collateralized debt obligation was established and issued prior to May 19, 2010, (2) the banking entity reasonably believes that the offering proceeds received by the collateralized debt obligation were invested primarily in qualifying trust preferred collateral, and (3) the banking entity’s interests in the collateralized debt obligation was acquired on or prior to December 10, 2013. Although the Volcker Rule impacts many large banking entities, the Company does not currently anticipate that the Volcker Rule will have a material effect on the operations of the Company or First Mid Bank.
Interest Rate Sensitivity
The Company seeks to maximize its net interest margin while maintaining an acceptable level of interest rate risk. Interest rate risk can be defined as the amount of forecasted net interest income that may be gained or lost due to changes in the interest rate environment, a variable over which management has no control. Interest rate risk, or sensitivity, arises when the maturity or repricing characteristics of interest-bearing assets differ significantly from the maturity or repricing characteristics of interest-bearing liabilities. The Company monitors its interest rate sensitivity position to maintain a balance between rate sensitive assets and rate sensitive liabilities. This balance serves to limit the adverse effects of changes in interest rates. The Company’s asset liability management committee (ALCO) oversees the interest rate sensitivity position and directs the overall allocation of funds.
In the banking industry, a traditional way to measure potential net interest income exposure to changes in interest rates is through a technique known as “static GAP” analysis which measures the cumulative differences between the amounts of assets and liabilities maturing or repricing at various intervals. By comparing the volumes of interest-bearing assets and liabilities that have contractual maturities and repricing points at various times in the future, management can gain insight into the amount of interest rate risk embedded in the balance sheet.
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The following table sets forth the Company’s interest rate repricing GAP for selected maturity periods at December 31, 2018 (dollars in thousands):

| Rate Sensitive Within |  | Fair Value
| 1 year | 1-2 years | 2-3 years | 3-4 years | 4-5 years | Thereafter | Total |
Interest-earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal funds sold and other interest-bearing deposits | $ | 77,807 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 77,807 |  |  | $ | 77,807 |
Certificates of deposit investments | 2,944 |  | 2,665 |  | 490 |  | 1,225 |  | 245 |  | — |  | 7,569 |  |  | 7,569 |
Taxable investment securities | 364 |  | 13,079 |  | 47,665 |  | 49,527 |  | 74,691 |  | 383,805 |  | 569,131 |  |  | 567,090 |
Nontaxable investment securities | — |  | 5,298 |  | 7,250 |  | 8,675 |  | 4,491 |  | 166,865 |  | 192,579 |  |  | 192,579 |
Loans | 1,024,723 |  | 355,089 |  | 495,869 |  | 332,838 |  | 308,591 |  | 127,409 |  | 2,644,519 |  |  | 2,541,037 |
Total | $ | 1,105,838 |  | $ | 376,131 |  | $ | 551,274 |  | $ | 392,265 |  | $ | 388,018 |  | $ | 678,079 |  | $ | 3,491,605 |  |  | $ | 3,386,082 |
Interest-bearing liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Savings and NOW accounts | $ | 334,175 |  | $ | 115,008 |  | $ | 115,008 |  | $ | 115,008 |  | $ | 115,008 |  | $ | 541,538 |  | $ | 1,335,745 |  |  | $ | 1,335,745 |
Money market accounts | 361,467 |  | 19,561 |  | 19,561 |  | 19,561 |  | 19,561 |  | 45,677 |  | 485,388 |  |  | 485,388 |
Other time deposits | 325,158 |  | 183,713 |  | 47,583 |  | 21,033 |  | 13,506 |  | 776 |  | 591,769 |  |  | 594,260 |
Short-term borrowings/debt | 192,330 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 192,330 |  |  | 192,179 |
Long-term borrowings/debt | 92,493 |  | 38,976 |  | 15,000 |  | 5,000 |  | 5,000 |  | — |  | 156,469 |  |  | 151,846 |
Total | $ | 1,305,623 |  | $ | 357,258 |  | $ | 197,152 |  | $ | 160,602 |  | $ | 153,075 |  | $ | 587,991 |  | $ | 2,761,701 |  |  | $ | 2,759,418 |
Rate sensitive assets – rate sensitive liabilities | $ | (199,785 | ) | $ | 18,873 |  | $ | 354,122 |  | $ | 231,663 |  | $ | 234,943 |  | $ | 90,088 |  | $ | 729,904 |  |  |  |
Cumulative GAP | $ | (199,785 | ) | $ | (180,912 | ) | $ | 173,210 |  | $ | 404,873 |  | $ | 639,816 |  | $ | 729,904 |  |  |  |  |  |
Cumulative amounts as % of total Rate sensitive assets | -5.7 | % | 0.5 | % | 10.1 | % | 6.6 | % | 6.7 | % | 2.6 | % |  |  |
Cumulative Ratio | -5.7 | % | -5.2 | % | 5.0 | % | 11.6 | % | 18.3 | % | 20.9 | % |  |  |

The static GAP analysis shows that at December 31, 2018, the Company was liability sensitive, on a cumulative basis, through the twelve-month time horizon. This indicates that future increases in interest rates could have an adverse effect on net interest income. There are several ways the Company measures and manages the exposure to interest rate sensitivity, including static GAP analysis. The Company’s ALCO also uses other financial models to project interest income under various rate scenarios and prepayment/extension assumptions consistent with First Mid Bank’s historical experience and with known industry trends. ALCO meets at least monthly to review the Company’s exposure to interest rate changes as indicated by the various techniques and to make necessary changes in the composition terms and/or rates of the assets and liabilities.
Capital Resources
At December 31, 2018, the Company’s stockholders' equity had increased $167.9 million, or 54.5%, to $475,864,000 from $307,964,000 as of December 31, 2017. During 2018, net income contributed $36,600,000 to equity before the payment of dividends to stockholders. The change in market value of available-for-sale investment securities decreased stockholders' equity by $4,169,000, net of tax. Shares issued in the capital raise increased stockholders' equity by $34 million and shares issued in acquisitions added $109.3 to stockholders' equity.
During 2011 and 2012, the Company sold to certain accredited investors including directors, executive officers, and certain major customers and holders of the Company’s common stock, $27,500,000, in the aggregate, of a newly authorized series of its preferred stock designated as Series C Preferred Stock. During 2016, the Company converted the Series C Preferred Stock to approximately 1,355,319 shares of common stock in accordance with the terms of the offering.
Stock Plans
Deferred Compensation Plan. The Company follows the provisions of the Emerging Issues Task Force Issue No. 97-14, “Accounting for Deferred Compensation Arrangements Where Amounts Earned Are Held in a Rabbi Trust and Invested” (“EITF 97-14”), which was codified into ASC 710-10, for purposes of the First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan (“DCP”). At December 31, 2018, the Company classified the cost basis of its
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common stock issued and held in trust in connection with the DCP of approximately $3,548,000 as treasury stock. The Company also classified the cost basis of its related deferred compensation obligation of approximately $3,548,000 as an equity instrument (deferred compensation).
The DCP was effective as of June 1984. The purpose of the DCP is to enable directors, advisory directors, and key employees the opportunity to defer a portion of the fees and cash compensation paid by the Company as a means of maximizing the effectiveness and flexibility of compensation arrangements. The Company invests all participants’ deferrals in shares of common stock. Dividends paid on the shares are credited to participants’ DCP accounts and invested in additional shares. The Company issued, pursuant to DCP:

• | 9,043 common shares during 2018

• | 6,875 common shares during 2017, and

• | 4,683 common shares during 2016

First Retirement and Savings Plan. The First Retirement and Savings Plan (“401(k) plan”) was effective beginning in 1985. Employees are eligible to participate in the 401(k) plan after three months of service with the Company. The Company offers common stock as an investment option for participants of the 401(k) plan. Beginning in 2016, shares for the 401(k) plan were purchased in the open market instead of being issued by the Company. The Company issued, pursuant to the 401(k) plan:

• | 0 common shares during 2018

• | 0 common shares during 2017, and

• | 558 common shares during 2016

Dividend Reinvestment Plan. The Dividend Reinvestment Plan (“DRIP”) was effective as of October 1994. The purpose of the DRIP is to provide participating stockholders with a simple and convenient method of investing cash dividends paid by the Company on its common and preferred shares into newly issued common shares of the Company. All holders of record of the Company’s common or preferred stock are eligible to voluntarily participate in the DRIP. The DRIP is administered by Computershare Investor Services, LLC and offers a way to increase one’s investment in the Company. Of the $9,891,000 in common stock dividends paid during 2018, $1,099,000 or 11.1% was reinvested into shares of common stock of the Company through the DRIP. Events that resulted in common shares being reinvested in the DRIP:

• | During 2018, 30,655 common shares were issued from common stock dividends.

• | During 2017, 30,059 common shares were issued from common stock dividends.

• | During 2016, 46,894 common shares were issued from common stock dividends and 3,552 common shares were issued from preferred stock dividends.

Stock Incentive Plan. At the Annual Meeting of Stockholders held April 26, 2017, the stockholders approved the 2017 Stock Incentive Plan ("SI Plan"). The SI Plan was implemented to succeed the Company’s 2007 Stock Incentive Plan, which had a ten-year term. The SI Plan is intended to provide a means whereby directors, employees, consultants and advisors of the Company and its Subsidiaries may sustain a sense of proprietorship and personal involvement in the continued development and financial success of the Company and its Subsidiaries, thereby advancing the interests of the Company and its stockholders. Accordingly, directors and selected employees, consultants and advisors may be provided the opportunity to acquire shares of Common Stock of the Company on the terms and conditions established in the SI Plan.
A maximum of 149,983 shares of common stock may be issued under the SI Plan. During 2018, 2017, and 2016 (under the 2007 Stock Incentive Plan), the Company awarded 28,700 and 18,391, and 13,912 shares as stock and stock unit awards, respectively. This SI Plan is more fully described in Note 13 - Stock Incentive Plan.
Stock Repurchase Program. Since August 5, 1998, the Board of Directors has approved repurchase programs pursuant to which the Company may repurchase a total of approximately $76.7 million of the Company’s common stock. The repurchase programs approved by the Board of Directors are as follows:

• | On August 5, 1998, repurchases of up to 3%, or $2 million, of the Company’s common stock.

• | In March 2000, repurchases up to an additional 5%, or $4.2 million of the Company’s common stock.

• | In September 2001, repurchases of $3 million of additional shares of the Company’s common stock.

• | In August 2002, repurchases of $5 million of additional shares of the Company’s common stock.

• | In September 2003, repurchases of $10 million of additional shares of the Company’s common stock.

40

• | On April 27, 2004, repurchases of $5 million of additional shares of the Company’s common stock.

• | On August 23, 2005, repurchases of $5 million of additional shares of the Company’s common stock.

• | On August 22, 2006, repurchases of $5 million of additional shares of the Company’s common stock.

• | On February 27, 2007, repurchases of $5 million of additional shares of the Company’s common stock.

• | On November 13, 2007, repurchases of $5 million of additional shares of the Company’s common stock.

• | On December 16, 2008, repurchases of $2.5 million of additional shares of the Company’s common stock.

• | On May 26, 2009, repurchases of $5 million of additional shares of the Company’s common stock.

• | On February 22, 2011, repurchases of $5 million of additional shares of the Company’s common stock.

• | On November 13, 2012, repurchases of $5 million of additional shares of the Company’s common stock.

• | On November 19, 2013, repurchases of $5 million additional shares of the Company's common stock.

• | On October 24, 2014, repurchases of $5 million additional shares of the Company's common stock.

During 2018, the Company repurchased $3,900 (0.02% of common shares) at a total price of approximately $138,000. All of these shares were a result of shares withheld for taxes on vested employee stock incentives. During 2017, the Company repurchased $20,734 (0.16% of common shares) at a total price of approximately $797,000. As of December 31, 2018, approximately $6.2 million remains available for purchase under the repurchase programs. Treasury stock is further affected by activity in the DCP.
41

Capital Ratios
For 2018, the minimum regulatory requirements are 9.875% for the Total Risk-based capital ratio, 7.875% for the Tier 1 Risk-based capital ratio, 6.375% for the Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio, and 4% for the Tier 1 Leverage ratio. The Company, First Mid Bank, and Soy Capital Bank have capital ratios above the minimum regulatory capital requirements and, as of December 31, 2018, the Company, First Mid Bank, and Soy Capital Bank had capital ratios above the levels required for categorization as well-capitalized under the capital adequacy guidelines established by the bank regulatory agencies. A tabulation of the Company, First Mid Bank, and Soy Capital Bank's capital ratios as of December 31, 2018 follows:

|  | Total Risk-based Capital Ratio |  | Tier One Risk-based Capital Ratio |  | Common Equity Tier 1 Capital Ratio |  | Tier One Leverage Ratio (Capital to Average Assets)
First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc. (Consolidated) |  | 13.63 | % |  | 12.76 | % |  | 11.81 | % |  | 11.15 | %
First Mid Bank |  | 12.85 | % |  | 11.89 | % |  | 11.89 | % |  | 9.92 | %
Soy Capital Bank |  | 14.33 | % |  | 14.33 | % |  | 14.33 | % |  | 11.12 | %

Liquidity
Liquidity represents the ability of the Company and its subsidiaries to meet all present and future financial obligations arising in the daily operations of the business. Financial obligations consist of the need for funds to meet extensions of credit, deposit withdrawals and debt servicing. The Company’s liquidity management focuses on the ability to obtain funds economically through assets that may be converted into cash at minimal costs or through other sources. The Company’s other sources of cash include overnight federal fund lines, Federal Home Loan Bank advances, the ability to borrow at the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, and the Company’s operating line of credit with The Northern Trust Company. Details for these sources include:

• | First Mid Bank has $65 million available in overnight federal fund lines, including $30 million from First Tennessee Bank, N.A., $10 million from U.S. Bank, N.A., $10 million from Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. and $15 million from The Northern Trust Company. Availability of the funds is subject to First Mid Bank meeting minimum regulatory capital requirements for total capital to risk-weighted assets and Tier 1 capital to total average assets. As of December 31, 2018, First Mid Bank met these regulatory requirements.

• | First Mid Bank can borrow from the Federal Home Loan Bank as a source of liquidity. Availability of the funds is subject to the pledging of collateral to the Federal Home Loan Bank. Collateral that can be pledged includes one-to-four family residential real estate loans and securities. At December 31, 2018, the excess collateral at the FHLB would support approximately $454.4 million of additional advances for First Mid Bank.

• | First Mid Bank is a member of the Federal Reserve System and can borrow funds provided that sufficient collateral is pledged.

• | In addition, as of December 31, 2018, the Company had a revolving credit agreement in the amount of $10 million with The Northern Trust Company with an outstanding balance of $0 million and $10 million in available funds. This loan was renewed on April 13, 2018 for one year as a revolving credit agreement. The interest rate is floating at 2.25% over the federal funds rate. The loan is secured by all of the stock of First Mid Bank, and includes requirements for operating and capital ratios. The Company and its subsidiary banks were in compliance with the existing covenants at December 31, 2018 and 2017.

Management continues to monitor its expected liquidity requirements carefully, focusing primarily on cash flows from:

• | lending activities, including loan commitments, letters of credit and mortgage prepayment assumptions;

• | deposit activities, including seasonal demand of private and public funds;

• | investing activities, including prepayments of mortgage-backed securities and call provisions on U.S. Treasury and government agency securities; and

• | operating activities, including scheduled debt repayments and dividends to stockholders.

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The following table summarizes significant contractual obligations and other commitments at December 31, 2018 (in thousands):

| Total |  | Less than 1 year |  | 1-3 years |  | 3-5 years |  | More than 5 years
Time deposits | $ | 591,769 |  |  | $ | 325,158 |  |  | $ | 231,296 |  |  | $ | 34,539 |  |  | $ | 776 |
Debt | 30,930 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 30,930 |
Other borrowings | 245,123 |  |  | 181,123 |  |  | 54,000 |  |  | 10,000 |  |  | — |
Operating leases | 40,771 |  |  | 2,880 |  |  | 216 |  |  | 4,420 |  |  | 33,255 |
Supplemental retirement | 533 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 97 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 236 |
| $ | 909,126 |  |  | $ | 509,261 |  |  | $ | 285,609 |  |  | $ | 49,059 |  |  | $ | 65,197 |

For the year ended December 31, 2018, net cash of $42.2 million was provided from operating activities, $11.0 million was used in investing activities, and $21.3 million was provided from financing activities. In total cash and cash equivalents increased by $52.5 million from year-end 2017.
For the year ended December 31, 2017, net cash of $46.2 million was provided from operating activities, $56.0 million was used in investing activities, and $77.2 million was used in financing activities. In total cash and cash equivalents increased by $87.0 million from year-end 2016.
For the year ended December 31, 2016, net cash of $27.4 million was provided from operating activities, $78.1 million was used in investing activities, and $110.8 million was provided from financing activities. In total cash and cash equivalents decreased by $60.1 million from year-end 2015.
For the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company also had $10 million of floating rate trust preferred securities outstanding through each of Trust I and Trust II, and in September 2016, the Company acquired $4 million of floating rate trust preferred securities from First Clover Leaf under Clover Leaf Statutory Trust I and on May 1, 2018, the Company acquired $6.1 million of floating rate trust preferred securities from First BancTrust Corporation. See Note 9 – “Borrowings” for a more detailed description.
Effects of Inflation
Unlike industrial companies, virtually all of the assets and liabilities of the Company are monetary in nature. As a result, interest rates have a more significant impact on the Company’s performance than the effects of general levels of inflation. Interest rates do not necessarily move in the same direction or experience the same magnitude of changes as goods and services, since such prices are affected by inflation. In the current economic environment, liquidity and interest rate adjustments are features of the Company’s assets and liabilities that are important to the maintenance of acceptable performance levels. The Company attempts to maintain a balance between monetary assets and monetary liabilities, over time, to offset these potential effects.
43

ITEM 7A. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

The Company’s market risk arises primarily from interest rate risk inherent in its lending, investing and deposit taking activities, which are restricted to First Mid Bank and Soy Capital Bank. The Company does not currently use derivatives to manage market or interest rate risks. For a discussion of how management of the Company addresses and evaluates interest rate risk see also “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Interest Rate Sensitivity.”
Based on the financial analysis performed as of December 31, 2018, which takes into account how the specific interest rate scenario would be expected to impact each interest-earning asset and each interest-bearing liability, the Company estimates that changes in the prime interest rate would impact the First Mid Bank's and Soy Capital Bank's performance, on a consolidated basis, as follows:

|  | Increase (Decrease) In
December 31, 2018 |  | Net Interest Income |  | Return On Average Equity
Prime rate is 5.50% |  | ($000) |  | (%) |  | 2018=9.59%
Prime rate increase of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
200 basis points to 7.50% |  | $ | (4,007 | ) |  | (3.9 | )% |  | (0.96 | )%
100 basis points to 6.50% |  | (1,850 | ) |  | (1.8 | )% |  | (0.44 | )%
Prime rate decrease of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
100 basis points to 4.50% |  | (4,285 | ) |  | (4.2 | )% |  | (1.03 | )%
200 basis points to 3.50% |  | (11,285 | ) |  | (11.1 | )% |  | (2.75 | )%

The following table shows the same analysis for First Mid Bank performed as of December 31, 2017:

|  | Increase (Decrease) In
December 31, 2017 |  | Net Interest Income |  | Return On Average Equity
Prime rate is 4.50% |  | ($000) |  | (%) |  | 2017=8.92%
Prime rate increase of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
200 basis points to 6.50% |  | $ | (1,912 | ) |  | (3.1 | )% |  | (0.59 | )%
100 basis points to 5.50% |  | (837 | ) |  | (1.4 | )% |  | (0.26 | )%
Prime rate decrease of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
100 basis points to 3.50% |  | (4,465 | ) |  | (7.2 | )% |  | (1.38 | )%
200 basis points to 2.50% |  | (8,899 | ) |  | (14.4 | )% |  | (2.79 | )%

The Company's Board of Directors has adopted an interest rate risk policy that establishes maximum decreases in the percentage change in net interest income of 5% in a 100 basis point rate shift and 10% in a 200 basis point rate shift. No assurance can be given that the actual net interest income would increase or decrease by such amounts in response to a 100 or 200 basis point increase or decrease in the prime rate because it is also affected by many other factors. The results above are based on one-time “shock” moves and ramped rate increases and do not take into account any management response or mitigating action.
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Interest rate sensitivity analysis is also used to measure the Company’s interest risk by computing estimated changes in the Economic Value of Equity (“EVE”) of the First Mid Bank and Soy Capital Bank under various interest rate shocks. EVE is determined by calculating the net present value of each asset and liability category by rate shock. The net differential between assets and liabilities is the EVE. EVE is an expression of the long-term interest rate risk in the balance sheet as a whole.
The following table presents the Company's projected change in EVE, on a consolidated basis, for the various rate shock levels at December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands). All market risk sensitive instruments presented in the tables are held-to-maturity or available-for-sale. The Banks have no trading securities.

|  | Changes In
|  |  |  | Economic Value of Equity
|  | Interest Rates (basis points) |  | Amount of Change ($000) |  | Percent of Change
December 31, 2018 |  | +200 bp |  | $ | (36,159 | ) |  | (5.6 | )%
|  | +100 bp |  | (16,479 | ) |  | (2.5 | )%
|  | -200 bp |  | (63,947 | ) |  | (9.9 | )%
|  | -100 bp |  | (19,944 | ) |  | (3.1 | )%

December 31, 2017 |  | +200 bp |  | (27,611 | ) |  | (5.8 | )%
|  | +100 bp |  | (11,926 | ) |  | (2.5 | )%
|  | -200 bp |  | (74,933 | ) |  | (15.6 | )%
|  | -100 bp |  | (28,272 | ) |  | (5.9 | )%

As indicated above, at December 31, 2018, in the event of a sudden and sustained increase in prevailing market interest rates, the EVE would be expected to decrease if rates increased 100 or 200 basis points. In the event of a sudden and sustained decrease in prevailing market interest rates, The Company's EVE would be expected to decrease. At December 31, 2018, the estimated changes in EVE were within the Company’s policy guidelines that normally allow for a change in capital of +/-10% from the base case scenario under a 100 basis point shock and +/- 20% from the base case scenario under a 200 basis point shock. The general level of interest rates are at historically low levels and the bank is monitoring its position and the likelihood of further rate decreases.
Computation of prospective effects of hypothetical interest rate changes are based on numerous assumptions, including relative levels of market interest rates, loan prepayments and declines in deposit balances, and should not be relied upon as indicative of actual results. Further, the computations do not contemplate any actions the Company may undertake in response to changes in interest rates.
Certain shortcomings are inherent in the method of analysis presented in the computation of EVE. Actual values may differ from those projections set forth in the table, should market conditions vary from assumptions used in the preparation of the table. Certain assets, such as adjustable-rate loans, have features that restrict changes in interest rates on a short-term basis and over the life of the asset. In addition, the proportion of adjustable-rate loans in First MId Bank's and Soy Capital Bank's portfolio change in future periods as market rates change. Further, in the event of a change in interest rates, prepayment and early withdrawal levels would likely deviate significantly from those assumed in the table. Finally, the ability of many borrowers to repay their adjustable-rate debt may decrease in the event of an interest rate increase.
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ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Consolidated Balance Sheets |  |  |  |
December 31, 2018 and 2017 |  |  |  |
(In thousands, except share data) |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Assets |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks: |  |  |  |
Non-interest bearing |  | $ | 63,593 |  |  | $ | 75,398 |
Interest bearing |  | 77,142 |  |  | 12,990 |
Federal funds sold |  | 665 |  |  | 491 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | 141,400 |  |  | 88,879 |
Certificates of deposit investments |  | 7,569 |  |  | 1,685 |
Investment securities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale, at fair value |  | 692,274 |  |  | 578,579 |
Held-to-maturity, at amortized cost (estimated fair value of $67,909 and $68,457 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively) |  | 69,436 |  |  | 69,332 |
Loans held for sale |  | 1,508 |  |  | 1,025 |
Loans |  | 2,643,011 |  |  | 1,938,476 |
Less allowance for loan losses |  | (26,189 | ) |  | (19,977 | )
Net loans |  | 2,616,822 |  |  | 1,918,499 |
Interest receivable |  | 16,881 |  |  | 10,832 |
Other real estate owned |  | 2,534 |  |  | 2,754 |
Premises and equipment, net |  | 59,117 |  |  | 38,266 |
Goodwill, net |  | 105,277 |  |  | 60,150 |
Intangible assets, net |  | 33,820 |  |  | 10,679 |
Bank owned life insurance |  | 65,484 |  |  | 41,883 |
Other assets |  | 27,612 |  |  | 18,976 |
Total assets |  | $ | 3,839,734 |  |  | $ | 2,841,539 |
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits: |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-interest bearing |  | $ | 575,784 |  |  | $ | 480,283 |
Interest bearing |  | 2,412,902 |  |  | 1,794,356 |
Total deposits |  | 2,988,686 |  |  | 2,274,639 |
Repurchase agreements with customers |  | 192,330 |  |  | 155,388 |
Interest payable |  | 1,758 |  |  | 602 |
FHLB borrowings |  | 119,745 |  |  | 60,038 |
Other borrowings |  | 7,724 |  |  | 10,313 |
Junior subordinated debentures |  | 29,000 |  |  | 24,000 |
Other liabilities |  | 24,627 |  |  | 8,595 |
Total liabilities |  | 3,363,870 |  |  | 2,533,575 |
Stockholders’ Equity: |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock, $4 par value; authorized 30,000,000 shares; issued 17,219,012 shares in 2018 and 13,231,225 shares in 2017 |  | 70,876 |  |  | 54,925 |
Additional paid-in capital |  | 293,937 |  |  | 163,603 |
Retained earnings |  | 131,392 |  |  | 104,683 |
Deferred compensation |  | 2,761 |  |  | 3,540 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | (6,473 | ) |  | (2,304 | )
Less treasury stock at cost, 574,377 shares in 2018 and 570,477 shares in 2017 |  | (16,629 | ) |  | (16,483 | )
Total stockholders’ equity |  | 475,864 |  |  | 307,964 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  | $ | 3,839,734 |  |  | $ | 2,841,539 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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Consolidated Statements of Income |  |  |  |  |
For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands, except per share data) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Interest income: |  |  |  |  |
Interest and fees on loans | $ | 105,772 |  |  | $ | 82,670 |  |  | $ | 61,952 |
Interest on investment securities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Taxable | 13,070 |  |  | 11,708 |  |  | 9,288 |
Exempt from federal income tax | 5,167 |  |  | 4,774 |  |  | 3,726 |
Interest on certificates of deposit investments | 66 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 295 |
Interest on federal funds sold | 8 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 40 |
Interest on deposits with other financial institutions | 482 |  |  | 291 |  |  | 195 |
Total interest income | 124,565 |  |  | 99,555 |  |  | 75,496 |
Interest expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest on deposits | 8,571 |  |  | 3,995 |  |  | 2,713 |
Interest on securities sold under agreements to repurchase | 330 |  |  | 181 |  |  | 96 |
Interest on FHLB borrowings | 2,071 |  |  | 883 |  |  | 630 |
Interest on other borrowings | 446 |  |  | 496 |  |  | 181 |
Interest on subordinated debentures | 1,409 |  |  | 927 |  |  | 672 |
Total interest expense | 12,827 |  |  | 6,482 |  |  | 4,292 |
Net interest income | 111,738 |  |  | 93,073 |  |  | 71,204 |
Provision for loan losses | 8,667 |  |  | 7,462 |  |  | 2,826 |
Net interest income after provision for loan losses | 103,071 |  |  | 85,611 |  |  | 68,378 |
Other income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Trust revenues | 5,786 |  |  | 3,744 |  |  | 3,517 |
Brokerage commissions | 2,674 |  |  | 2,161 |  |  | 1,908 |
Insurance commissions | 5,592 |  |  | 3,872 |  |  | 3,452 |
Service charges | 7,435 |  |  | 6,920 |  |  | 6,791 |
Securities gains, net | 901 |  |  | 616 |  |  | 1,192 |
Mortgage banking revenue, net | 1,205 |  |  | 1,184 |  |  | 1,172 |
ATM / debit card revenue | 7,487 |  |  | 6,495 |  |  | 6,004 |
Bank owned life insurance | 1,389 |  |  | 1,638 |  |  | 671 |
Other income | 2,945 |  |  | 3,706 |  |  | 2,205 |
Total other income | 35,414 |  |  | 30,336 |  |  | 26,912 |
Other expense: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries and employee benefits | 46,803 |  |  | 39,756 |  |  | 32,354 |
Net occupancy and equipment expense | 14,533 |  |  | 12,596 |  |  | 11,418 |
Net other real estate owned expense | 282 |  |  | 560 |  |  | 60 |
FDIC insurance expense | 1,059 |  |  | 905 |  |  | 966 |
Amortization of intangible assets | 3,215 |  |  | 2,153 |  |  | 1,909 |
Stationery and supplies | 963 |  |  | 724 |  |  | 815 |
Legal and professional | 5,243 |  |  | 3,887 |  |  | 3,035 |
Marketing and donations | 1,794 |  |  | 1,356 |  |  | 1,845 |
ATM / debit card expense | 2,971 |  |  | 2,393 |  |  | 1,994 |
Other expense | 13,117 |  |  | 9,891 |  |  | 7,114 |
Total other expense | 89,980 |  |  | 74,221 |  |  | 61,510 |
Income before income taxes | 48,505 |  |  | 41,726 |  |  | 33,780 |
Income taxes | 11,905 |  |  | 15,042 |  |  | 11,940 |
Net income | 36,600 |  |  | 26,684 |  |  | 21,840 |
Dividends on preferred shares | — |  |  | — |  |  | 825 |
Net income available to common stockholders | $ | 36,600 |  |  | $ | 26,684 |  |  | $ | 21,015 |
Per share data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic net income per common share available to common stockholders | $ | 2.53 |  |  | $ | 2.13 |  |  | $ | 2.07 |
Diluted net income per common share available to common stockholders | 2.52 |  |  | 2.13 |  |  | 2.05 |
Cash dividends declared per common share | 0.70 |  |  | 0.66 |  |  | 0.62 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income |  |  |  |  |  |
For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |
(in thousands) |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Net income |  | $ | 36,600 |  |  | $ | 26,684 |  |  | $ | 21,840 |
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities, net of taxes of $1,475, $(2,855), and $3,848 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively |  | (3,611 | ) |  | 3,845 |  |  | (6,025 | )
Unamortized holding gains on held to maturity securities transferred from available for sale, net of taxes of $(33), $(32), and $(172) for December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively |  | 82 |  |  | 80 |  |  | 268 |
Less: reclassification adjustment for realized gains included in net income net of taxes of $261, $216, and $465 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively |  | (640 | ) |  | (400 | ) |  | (727 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes |  | (4,169 | ) |  | 3,525 |  |  | (6,484 | )
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 32,431 |  |  | $ | 30,209 |  |  | $ | 15,356 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |  |  |  |
For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands, except share and per share data) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Common Stock | Additional Paid-In-Capital | Retained Earnings | Deferred Compensation | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Treasury Stock | Total
December 31, 2017 | $ | 54,925 |  | $ | 163,603 |  | $ | 104,683 |  | $ | 3,540 |  | $ | (2,304 | ) | $ | (16,483 | ) | $ | 307,964 |
Net income | — |  | — |  | 36,600 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 36,600 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (4,169 | ) | — |  | (4,169 | )
Dividends on common stock ($.70 per sh) | — |  | — |  | (9,891 | ) | — |  | — |  | — |  | (9,891 | )
Issuance of 1,643,900 common shares pursuant to acquisition of First Banctrust Corporation, net proceeds | 6,576 |  | 54,646 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 61,222 |
Issuance of 1,330,571 common shares pursuant to acquisition of SCB Bancorp, net proceeds | 5,322 |  | 42,770 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 48,092 |
Issuance of 947,368 common shares pursuant to capital raise | 3,789 |  | 30,197 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 33,986 |
Issuance of 30,655 common shares pursuant to the Dividend Reinvestment Plan | 123 |  | 976 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1,099 |
Issuance of 9,043 common shares pursuant to the Deferred Compensation Plan | 36 |  | 309 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 345 |
Issuance of 13,250 restricted common shares pursuant to the 2017 Stock Incentive Plan | 53 |  | 463 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 516 |
Issuance of 10,500 common shares pursuant to the exercise of stock options | 52 |  | 247 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 299 |
Purchase of 3,900 treasury shares | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (138 | ) | (138 | )
Deferred compensation | — |  | — |  | — |  | 8 |  | — |  | (8 | ) | — |
Tax benefit related to deferred compensation distributions | — |  | 160 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 160 |
Grant of restricted stock units pursuant to the 2017 Stock Incentive Plan | — |  | 566 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 566 |
Vested restricted shares/units compensation expense | — |  | — |  | — |  | (787 | ) | — |  | — |  | (787 | )
December 31, 2018 | $ | 70,876 |  | $ | 293,937 |  | $ | 131,392 |  | $ | 2,761 |  | $ | (6,473 | ) | $ | (16,629 | ) | $ | 475,864 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
49

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |  |  |  |
For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands, except share and per share data) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Common Stock | Additional Paid-In-Capital | Retained Earnings | Deferred Compensation | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Treasury Stock | Total
December 31, 2016 | $ | 54,083 |  | $ | 158,671 |  | $ | 86,216 |  | $ | 3,201 |  | $ | (5,761 | ) | $ | (15,737 | ) | $ | 280,673 |
Net income | — |  | — |  | 26,684 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 26,684 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 3,525 |  | — |  | 3,525 |
Dividends on common stock ($.66 per sh) | — |  | — |  | (8,285 | ) | — |  | — |  | — |  | (8,285 | )
Reclass of stranded AOCI due to tax reform | — |  | — |  | 68 |  | — |  | (68 | ) | — |  | — |
Issuance of 30,059 common shares pursuant to the Dividend Reinvestment Plan | 120 |  | 937 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1,057 |
Issuance of 6,875 common shares pursuant to the Deferred Compensation Plan | 28 |  | 204 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 232 |
Issuance of 47,339 restricted common shares pursuant to the 2007 and 2017 Stock Incentive Plan | 189 |  | 1,615 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1,804 |
Issuance of 98,710 common shares pursuant to At-The-Market program, less issuance costs | 395 |  | 2,856 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 3,251 |
Purchase of treasury shares | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (797 | ) | (797 | )
Deferred compensation | — |  | — |  | — |  | (51 | ) | — |  | 51 |  | — |
Tax benefit related to deferred compensation distributions | — |  | 216 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 216 |
Grant of restricted stock units pursuant to the 2017 Stock Incentive Plan | — |  | 359 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 359 |
Issuance of 27,500 common shares pursuant to the exercise of stock options | 110 |  | 589 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 699 |
Release of restricted stock units pursuant to 2017 SIP | — |  | (1,849 | ) | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (1,849 | )
Disqualified disposition of incentive stock option | — |  | 5 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 5 |
Vested restricted shares/units compensation expense | — |  | — |  | — |  | 390 |  | — |  | — |  | 390 |
December 31, 2017 | $ | 54,925 |  | $ | 163,603 |  | $ | 104,683 |  | $ | 3,540 |  | $ | (2,304 | ) | $ | (16,483 | ) | $ | 307,964 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
50

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |  |  |  |
For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands, except share and per share data) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Preferred Stock | Common Stock | Additional Paid-In-Capital | Retained Earnings | Deferred Compensation | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Treasury Stock | Total
December 31, 2015 | $ | 27,400 |  | $ | 38,015 |  | $ | 79,626 |  | $ | 71,712 |  | $ | 3,245 |  | $ | 723 |  | $ | (15,712 | ) | $ | 205,009 |
Net income | — |  | — |  | — |  | 21,840 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 21,840 |
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (6,484 | ) | — |  | (6,484 | )
Dividends on preferred stock ($150 per sh) | — |  | — |  | — |  | (825 | ) | — |  | — |  | — |  | (825 | )
Dividends on common stock ($.62 per sh) | — |  | — |  | — |  | (6,511 | ) | — |  | — |  | — |  | (6,511 | )
Issuance of 2,500 common shares pursuant to the exercise of stock options | — |  | 10 |  | 52 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 62 |
Issuance of 1,355,319 common shares pursuant to conversion of 5,500 shares of Series C preferred stock | (27,400 | ) | 5,421 |  | 21,979 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Issuance of 50,446 common shares pursuant to the Dividend Reinvestment Plan | — |  | 202 |  | 1,121 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1,323 |
Issuance of 4,683 common shares pursuant to the Deferred Compensation Plan | — |  | 19 |  | 100 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 119 |
Issuance of 558 common shares pursuant to the First Retirement & Savings Plan | — |  | 2 |  | 12 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 14 |
Issuance of 2,910 restricted common shares pursuant to the 2007 Stock Incentive Plan | — |  | 12 |  | 68 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 80 |
Issuance of 2,600,616 common shares pursuant to acquisition of First Clover Leaf Financial, net proceeds | — |  | 10,402 |  | 55,295 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 65,697 |
Deferred compensation | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 25 |  | — |  | (25 | ) | — |
Tax benefit related to deferred compensation distributions | — |  | — |  | 140 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 140 |
Grant of restricted stock units pursuant to the 2007 Stock Incentive Plan | — |  | — |  | 278 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 278 |
Vested restricted shares/units compensation expense | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (69 | ) | — |  | — |  | (69 | )
December 31, 2016 | $ | — |  | $ | 54,083 |  | $ | 158,671 |  | $ | 86,216 |  | $ | 3,201 |  | $ | (5,761 | ) | $ | (15,737 | ) | $ | 280,673 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
51

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |  |  |  |  |
For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 36,600 |  |  | $ | 26,684 |  |  | $ | 21,840 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision for loan losses | 8,667 |  |  | 7,462 |  |  | 2,826 |
Depreciation, amortization and accretion, net | 7,881 |  |  | 8,134 |  |  | 7,936 |
Change in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance | (1,337 | ) |  | (1,126 | ) |  | (671 | )
Gain on bank owned life insurance | — |  |  | (511 | ) |  | — |
Stock-based compensation expense | 294 |  |  | 954 |  |  | 384 |
Gains on investment securities, net | (901 | ) |  | (616 | ) |  | (1,192 | )
Loss (gain) on sales of other real property owned, net | 132 |  |  | 667 |  |  | (1 | )
Donation of building | — |  |  | — |  |  | 653 |
Loss on write down of premises and equipment | 30 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 28 |
Loss on loans sold | — |  |  | 698 |  |  | — |
Gains on sale of loans held for sale, net | (1,070 | ) |  | (1,102 | ) |  | (1,224 | )
Deferred income taxes | 4,283 |  |  | 2,498 |  |  | (2,388 | )
Increase in accrued interest receivable | (1,708 | ) |  | (279 | ) |  | (629 | )
Increase (decrease) in accrued interest payable | 829 |  |  | 94 |  |  | (84 | )
Origination of loans held for sale | (62,623 | ) |  | (67,321 | ) |  | (79,682 | )
Proceeds from sale of loans held for sale | 63,210 |  |  | 68,573 |  |  | 80,699 |
(Increase) decrease in other assets | (4,266 | ) |  | 668 |  |  | 1,802 |
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities | (7,846 | ) |  | 666 |  |  | (2,875 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities | 42,175 |  |  | 46,154 |  |  | 27,422 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from maturities of certificates of deposit investments | 1,486 |  |  | 12,958 |  |  | 25,245 |
Purchases of certificates of deposit investments | — |  |  | — |  |  | (12,958 | )
Proceeds from sales of securities available-for-sale | 13,152 |  |  | 159,663 |  |  | 70,757 |
Proceeds from maturities of securities available-for-sale | 55,035 |  |  | 73,310 |  |  | 117,003 |
Proceeds from maturities of securities held-to-maturity | — |  |  | — |  |  | 83,000 |
Purchases of securities available-for-sale | (38,852 | ) |  | (183,319 | ) |  | (194,946 | )
Purchases of securities held-to-maturity | — |  |  | — |  |  | (71,557 | )
Net increase in loans | (96,665 | ) |  | (123,931 | ) |  | (106,608 | )
Proceeds from sale of premises and equipment | — |  |  | — |  |  | 147 |
Purchases of premises and equipment | (3,112 | ) |  | (1,274 | ) |  | (695 | )
Proceeds from sales of other real property owned | 1,606 |  |  | 5,559 |  |  | 793 |
Investment in bank owned life insurance | — |  |  | — |  |  | (25,000 | )
Capitalization of mortgage servicing rights | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14 | )
Proceeds from settlement of bank owned life insurance policies | — |  |  | 1,072 |  |  | — |
Cash received related to acquisition, net of cash and cash equivalents acquired | 56,389 |  |  | — |  |  | 36,774 |
Net cash used in investing activities | (10,961 | ) |  | (55,962 | ) |  | (78,059 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net (decrease) increase in deposits | (19,548 | ) |  | (55,248 | ) |  | 60,632 |
(Decrease) Increase in repurchase agreements | 15,762 |  |  | (30,375 | ) |  | 33,658 |
Proceeds from FHLB advances | 45,000 |  |  | 52,000 |  |  | 20,000 |
Repayment of FHLB advances | (35,000 | ) |  | (32,000 | ) |  | (15,000 | )
Proceeds from short-term debt | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,000 |
Repayment of short-term debt | — |  |  | (4,000 | ) |  | (3,938 | )
Proceeds from long-term debt | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15,000 |
Repayment of long-term debt | (10,313 | ) |  | (3,750 | ) |  | — |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock | 36,645 |  |  | 4,399 |  |  | 195 |
Direct expenses related to capital transactions | (2,309 | ) |  | (216 | ) |  | (229 | )
Purchase of treasury stock | (138 | ) |  | (797 | ) |  | — |
Dividends paid on preferred stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,286 | )
Dividends paid on common stock | (8,792 | ) |  | (7,228 | ) |  | (5,277 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | 21,307 |  |  | (77,215 | ) |  | 110,755 |

52

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (continued) |  |  |  |  |
For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 |  |  |  |  |
(In thousands) | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 52,521 |  |  | (87,023 | ) |  | 60,118 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 88,879 |  |  | 175,902 |  |  | 115,784 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 141,400 |  |  | $ | 88,879 |  |  | $ | 175,902 |

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow information |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid during the period for: |  |  |  |  |
Interest | $ | 11,671 |  |  | $ | 6,415 |  |  | $ | 4,113 |
Income taxes | 9,645 |  |  | 11,721 |  |  | 13,135 |
Supplemental disclosures of noncash investing and financing activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Loans transferred to other real estate owned | 518 |  |  | 6,034 |  |  | 328 |
Dividends reinvested in common stock | 1,099 |  |  | 1,057 |  |  | 1,323 |
Net tax benefit related to option and deferred compensation plans | 160 |  |  | 221 |  |  | 140 |
Conversion of preferred stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27,500 |
Supplemental disclosure of purchase of capital stock: |  |  |  |  | First Clover Leaf
Fair value of assets acquired |  |  |  |  | $ | 668,905 |
Consideration paid: |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid |  |  |  |  | 22,545 |
Common stock issued |  |  |  |  | 65,926 |
Total consideration paid |  |  |  |  | 88,471 |
Fair value of liabilities assumed |  |  |  |  | $ | 580,434 |
Supplemental disclosure of purchase of capital stock: | First Bank |  |  |  |
Fair value of assets acquired | $ | 501,285 |  |  |  |  |
Consideration paid: |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid | 10,275 |  |  |  |  |
Common stock issued | 61,350 |  |  |  |  |
Total consideration paid | 71,625 |  |  |  |  |
Fair value of liabilities assumed | $ | 429,660 |  |  |  |  |
Supplemental disclosure of purchase of capital stock: | Soy Capital |  |  |  |
Fair value of assets acquired | $ | 479,056 |  |  |  |  |
Consideration paid: |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid | 19,046 |  |  |  |  |
Common stock issued | 48,260 |  |  |  |  |
Total consideration paid | 67,306 |  |  |  |  |
Fair value of liabilities assumed | $ | 411,750 |  |  |  |  |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
53

First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1 -- Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Accounting and Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc. (“Company”) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries: Mid-Illinois Data Services, Inc. (“MIDS”), First Mid Wealth Management, First Mid Bank & Trust, N.A. (“First Mid Bank”), Soy Capital Bank and Trust Company ("Soy Capital Bank"), and First Mid Insurance Group (“First Mid Insurance”). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain amounts in the prior year’s consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform to the 2018 presentation and there was no impact on net income or stockholders’ equity from these reclassifications. The Company operates as a single segment entity for financial reporting purposes. The accounting and reporting policies of the Company conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Following is a description of the more significant of these policies.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company uses estimates and employs the judgments of management in determining the amount of its allowance for loan losses and income tax accruals and deferrals, in its fair value measurements of investment securities, and in the evaluation of impairment of loans, goodwill, investment securities, and premises and equipment. As with any estimate, actual results could differ from these estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses. In connection with the determination of the allowance for loan losses, management obtains independent appraisals for significant properties.
Fair Value Measurements
The fair value of a financial instrument is defined as the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale. The Company estimates the fair value of a financial instrument using a variety of valuation methods. Where financial instruments are actively traded and have quoted market prices, quoted market prices are used for fair value. When the financial instruments are not actively traded, other observable market inputs, such as quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics, may be used, if available, to determine fair value. When observable market prices do not exist, the Company estimates fair value. The Company’s valuation methods consider factors such as liquidity and concentration concerns. Other factors such as model assumptions, market dislocations, and unexpected correlations can affect estimates of fair value. Imprecision in estimating these factors can impact the amount of revenue or loss recorded.
At the end of each quarter, the Company assesses the valuation hierarchy for each asset or liability measured. From time to time, assets or liabilities may be transferred within hierarchy levels due to changes in availability of observable market inputs to measure fair value at the measurement date. Transfers into or out of hierarchy levels are based upon the fair value at the beginning of the reporting period. A more detailed description of the fair values measured at each level of the fair value hierarchy can be found in Note 11 – “Disclosures of Fair Values of Financial Instruments.”
Cash and Cash Equivalents
For purposes of reporting cash flows, cash equivalents include non-interest bearing and interest bearing cash and due from banks and federal funds sold. Generally, federal funds are sold for one-day periods.
Certificates of Deposit Investments
Certificates of deposit investments have original maturities of three to five years and are carried at cost.
Investment Securities
The Company classifies its investments in debt securities as either held-to-maturity or available-for-sale in accordance with ASC 320. Securities classified as held-to-maturity are recorded at cost or amortized cost. Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value. Fair value calculations are based on quoted market prices when such prices are available. If quoted market prices are not available, estimates of fair value are computed using a variety of techniques, including extrapolation from the quoted prices of similar instruments or recent trades for thinly traded securities, fundamental analysis, or through obtaining purchase quotes. Due to the subjective nature of the valuation process, it is possible that the actual fair values of these investments could differ from the estimated amounts, thereby affecting the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company. If the estimated value of investments is less than the cost or amortized cost, the Company evaluates whether an event or change in circumstances has occurred that may have a significant adverse effect on the fair value of the investment. If such an event or change has occurred and the Company determines that the impairment is other-than-temporary, a further determination is made as to the portion of impairment that is related to credit loss. The impairment of the investment that is related to the credit loss is expensed in the period in which the event or change occurred. The remainder of the impairment is recorded in other comprehensive income.
54

Loans
Loans are stated at the principal amount outstanding net of unearned discounts, unearned income and the allowance for loan losses. Unearned income includes deferred loan origination fees reduced by loan origination costs and is amortized to interest income over the life of the related loan using methods that approximate the effective interest rate method. Interest on substantially all loans is credited to income based on the principal amount outstanding.
The Company’s policy is to discontinue the accrual of interest income on any loan that becomes ninety days past due as to principal or interest or earlier when, in the opinion of management there is reasonable doubt as to the timely collection of principal or interest. Nonaccrual loans are returned to accrual status when, in the opinion of management, the financial position of the borrower indicates there is no longer any reasonable doubt as to the timely collectability of interest or principal.
Loans expected to be sold are classified as held for sale in the consolidated financial statements and are recorded at the lower of aggregate cost or market value, taking into consideration future commitments to sell the loans.
Allowance for Loan Losses
The Company believes the allowance for loan losses is the critical accounting policy that requires the most significant judgments and assumptions used in the preparation of its consolidated financial statements. An estimate of potential losses inherent in the loan portfolio is determined and an allowance for those losses is established by considering factors including historical loss rates, expected cash flows and estimated collateral values. In assessing these factors, the Company uses organizational history and experience with credit decisions and related outcomes. The allowance for loan losses represents the best estimate of losses inherent in the existing loan portfolio. The allowance for loan losses is increased by the provision for loan losses charged to expense and reduced by loans charged off, net of recoveries. The Company evaluates the allowance for loan losses quarterly. If the underlying assumptions later prove to be inaccurate based on subsequent loss evaluations, the allowance for loan losses is adjusted.
The Company estimates the appropriate level of allowance for loan losses by separately evaluating impaired and nonimpaired loans. A specific allowance is assigned to an impaired loan when expected cash flows or collateral do not justify the carrying amount of the loan. The methodology used to assign an allowance to a nonimpaired loan is more subjective. Generally, the allowance assigned to nonimpaired loans is determined by applying historical loss rates to existing loans with similar risk characteristics, adjusted for qualitative factors including the volume and severity of identified classified loans, changes in economic conditions, changes in credit policies or underwriting standards, and changes in the level of credit risk associated with specific industries and markets. Because the economic and business climate in any given industry or market, and its impact on any given borrower, can change rapidly, the risk profile of the loan portfolio is continually assessed and adjusted when appropriate. Notwithstanding these procedures, there still exists the possibility that the assessment could prove to be significantly incorrect and that an immediate adjustment to the allowance for loan losses would be required.
The Company has loans acquired from business combinations with uncollected principal balances. These loans are carried net of a fair value adjustment for credit risk and interest rates and are only included in the allowance calculation to the extent that the reserve requirement exceeds the fair value adjustment. However, as the acquired loans renew, it is necessary to establish an allowance which represents an amount that, in management's opinion, will be adequate to absorb probable credit losses inherent in such loans.
Premises and Equipment
Premises and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization is charged to expense and determined principally by the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The estimated useful lives for each major depreciable classification of premises and equipment are as follows:
Buildings and improvements 20 years to 40 years
Leasehold improvements 5 years to 15 years
Furniture and equipment 3 years to 7 years
Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The Company has goodwill from business combinations, identifiable intangible assets assigned to core deposit relationships and customer lists acquired, and intangible assets arising from the rights to service mortgage loans for others.
Identifiable intangible assets generally arise from branches acquired that the Company accounted for as purchases. Such assets consist of the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net assets acquired, with specific amounts assigned to core deposit relationships and customer lists primarily related to insurance agency. Intangible assets are amortized by the straight-line method over various periods up to fifteen years. Management reviews intangible assets for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.
In accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” codified into ASC 350, the Company performed testing of goodwill for impairment as of September 30, 2018 and determined that, as of that date, goodwill was not impaired. Management also concluded that the remaining amounts and amortization periods were appropriate for all intangible assets.
55

Other Real Estate Owned
Other real estate owned acquired through loan foreclosure is initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. The adjustment at the time of foreclosure is recorded through the allowance for loan losses. Due to the subjective nature of establishing the fair value when the asset is acquired, the actual fair value of the other real estate owned or foreclosed asset could differ from the original estimate. If it is determined that fair value temporarily declines subsequent to foreclosure, a valuation allowance is recorded through noninterest expense. Operating costs associated with the assets after acquisition are also recorded as noninterest expense. Gains and losses on the disposition of other real estate owned and foreclosed assets are netted and posted to other noninterest expense.
Bank Owned Life Insurance
First Mid Bank and Soy Capital Bank have purchased life insurance policies on certain senior management. Bank owned life insurance is recorded at the amount that can be realized under the insurance contract at the balance sheet date, which is the cash surrender value adjusted for other charges or other amounts that are probable at settlement.
Federal Home Loan Bank Stock
Federal Home Loan Bank stock is a required investment for institutions that are members of the Federal Home Loan Bank system. The required investment in the common stock is based on a predetermined formula.
Income Taxes
The Company and its subsidiaries file consolidated federal and state income tax returns with each organization computing its taxes on a separate company basis. Amounts provided for income tax expense are based on income reported for financial statement purposes rather than amounts currently payable under tax laws.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to the temporary differences existing between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis, as well as operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. To the extent that current available evidence about the future raises doubt about the realization of a deferred tax asset, a valuation allowance is established. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized as an increase or decrease in income tax expense in the period in which such change is enacted.
On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted certain tax reforms through the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which changes existing tax laws, most significantly a change in the statutory corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%. As a result of this enactment, the Company incurred additional one-time income tax expense of approximately $1.4 million during the fourth quarter of 2017, primarily due to remeasurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities.
Additionally, the Company reviews its uncertain tax positions annually under FASB Interpretation No. 48 (FIN No. 48), “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes,” codified within ASC 740. An uncertain tax position is recognized as a benefit only if it is "more likely than not" that the tax position would be sustained in a tax examination, with a tax examination being presumed to occur. The amount actually recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be recognized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the "more likely than not" test, no tax benefit is recorded. A significant amount of judgment is applied to determine both whether the tax position meets the "more likely than not" test as well as to determine the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely to be recognized. Differences between the position taken by management and that of taxing authorities could result in a reduction of a tax benefit or increase to tax liability, which could adversely affect future income tax expense.
Trust Department Assets
Assets held in fiduciary or agency capacities are not included in the consolidated balance sheets since such items are not assets of the Company or its subsidiaries. Fees from trust activities are recorded on a cash basis over the period in which the service is provided. Fees are a function of the market value of assets managed and administered, the volume of transactions, and fees for other services rendered, as set forth in the underlying client agreement with the Trust & Wealth Management Division of First Mid Bank. This revenue recognition involves the use of estimates and assumptions, including components that are calculated based on asset valuations and transaction volumes. Any out of pocket expenses or services not typically covered by the fee schedule for trust activities are charged directly to the trust account on a gross basis as trust revenue is incurred.
At December 31, 2018, the Company managed or administered 1,141 accounts with assets totaling approximately $1,129.6 million. At December 31, 2017, the Company managed or administered 1,119 accounts with assets totaling approximately $997.8 million.
Treasury Stock
Treasury stock is stated at cost. Cost is determined by the first-in, first-out method.
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Stock Incentive Awards
At the Annual Meeting of Stockholders held April 26, 2017, the stockholders approved the 2017 Stock Incentive Plan ("SI Plan"). The SI Plan was implemented to succeed the Company's 2007 Stock Incentive Plan, which had a ten-year term. The SI Plan is intended to provide a means whereby directors, employees, consultants and advisors of the Company and its Subsidiaries may sustain a sense of proprietorship and personal involvement in the continued development and financial success of the Company and its Subsidiaries, thereby advancing the interests of the Company and its stockholders. Accordingly, directors and selected employees, consultants and advisors may be provided the opportunity to acquire shares of Common Stock of the Company on the terms and conditions established in the SI Plan.
A maximum of 149,983 shares of common stock may be issued under the SI Plan. The Company awarded 28,700, 18,391, and 13,912 shares during 2018, 2017, and 2016 (under the 2007 Stock Incentive Plan), respectively as stock and stock unit awards.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
At the Annual Meeting of Stockholders held April 25, 2018, the stockholders approved the First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”). The ESPP is intended to promote the interests of the Company by providing eligible employees with the opportunity to purchase shares of common stock of the Company at a 5% discount through payroll deductions. The ESPP is also intended to qualify as an employee stock purchase plan under Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code. A maximum of 600,000 shares of common stock may be issued under the ESPP.
General Litigation
The Company is subject to claims and lawsuits that arise primarily in the ordinary course of business. It is the opinion of management that the disposition or ultimate resolution of such claims and lawsuits will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company.
Revenue Recognition
Accounting Standards Codification 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC 606”), establishes a revenue recognition model for reporting information about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from the entity's contracts to provide goods or services to customers. Most of the Company’s revenue-generating transactions are not subject toASC 606, including revenue generated from financial instruments, such as loans and investment securities, and revenue related to mortgage servicing activities, which are subject to other accounting standards. A description ofthe revenue-generating activities that are within the scope ofASC 606, and included in other income in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of income are as follows:
Trust revenues. The Company generates fee income from providing fiduciary services through its trust department. Fees
are billed in arrears based upon the preceding period account balance. Revenue from the farm management department is
recorded when service is complete, for example when crops are sold.
Brokerage commissions. The primary brokerage revenue is recorded at the beginning of each quarter through billing to
customers based on the account asset size on the last day of the previous quarter. If a withdrawal of funds takes place, a
prorated refund may occur; this is reflected within the same quarter as the original billing occurred. All performance
obligations are met within the same quarter that the revenue is recorded.
Insurance commissions. The Company’s insurance agency subsidiary, First Mid Insurance Group (“FMIG”), receives
commissions on premiums ofnew and renewed business policies. FMIG records commission revenue on direct bill policies
as the cash is received. For agency bill policies, FMIG retains its commission portion of the customer premium payment
and remits the balance to the carrier. In both cases, the entire performance obligation is held by the carriers.
Service charges on deposits. The Company generates revenue from fees charged for deposit account maintenance,
overdrafts, wire transfers, and check fees. The revenue related to deposit fees is recognized at the time the performance
obligation is satisfied.
ATM/debit card revenue. The Company generates revenue through service charges on the use of its ATM machines and
interchange income from the use of Company issued credit and debit cards. The revenue is recognized at the time the
service is used and the performance obligation is satisfied.
Other income. Treasury management fees and lock box fees are received and recorded after the service performance
obligation is completed. Merchant bank card fees are received from various vendors, however the performance obligation
is with the vendors. The Company records gains on the sale ofloans and the sale ofOREO properties after the transactions
are complete and transfer of ownership has occurred.
As each of the Company’s facilities is located in markets with similar economies, no disaggregation of revenue is necessary.
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Adoption of New Accounting Guidance
Accounting Standards Update 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification ("ASU 2017-09"). In May 2017, FASB issued ASU 2017-09. This update provides guidance on determining which changes to the terms and conditions of share-based payment awards require the application of modification accounting under Topic 718. The guidance is effective for public companies for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The amendments should be applied on a prospective basis to an award modified on or after adoption date. The Company adopted ASU 2017-09 on January 1, 2018. The update did not have an impact on the Company's consolidated financial statement.
Accounting Standards Update 2017-08, Receivables-Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs ("ASU 2017-08"). In March 2017, FASB issued ASU 2017-08. This update amends the amortization period for certain purchased callable debt securities held at a premium. The update shortens the premium's amortization period to the earliest call date to more closely align the amortization period of premiums to expectations incorporated in market pricing on the underlying securities. For public companies, the update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and is to be applied on a modified
retrospective basis with a cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings as of the beginning of the adoption period. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. The Company has adopted ASU 2017-08 early and there was not a significant impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
Accounting Standards Update 2017-04, Intangibles-Goodwill and Other (Topic 350: Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment ("ASU 2017-04"). In January 2017, FASB issued ASU 2017-04. The amendments in this update simplify the measurement of goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Under this guidance, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value; however, the loss should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. ASU 2017-04 is effective for public companies for the reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. Although the Company cannot anticipate future goodwill impairment, based on the most recent assessment, it is unlikely that an impairment amount would need to be calculated and, therefore, does not anticipate a material impact on the Company's financial statements. The current accounting policies and procedures of the Company are not anticipated to change, except for the elimination of Step 2 analysis.
Accounting Standards Update 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) (“ASU 2016-08"). In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08 which amended the accounting guidance issued by the FASB in May 2014 that revised the criteria for determining when to recognize revenue from contracts with customers and expanded disclosure requirements. The amendment defers the effective date by one year. This accounting guidance can be implemented using either a retrospective method or a cumulative-effect approach. This new guidance will be effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company completed its overall assessment of revenue streams and review of related contracts potentially affected by the ASU, including trust and asset management fees, deposit related fees, interchange fees, merchant income, and annuity and insurance commissions. Based on this assessment, the Company concluded that ASU 2014-09 did not materially change the method in which the Company currently recognizes revenue for these revenue streams.
Accounting Standards Update 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842)("ASU 2016-02"). On February 25, 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-02 which creates Topic 842, Leases and supersedes Topic 840, Leases. ASU 2016-02 is intended to improve financial reporting about leasing transactions, by increasing transparency and comparability among organizations. Under the new guidance, a lessee is required to record all leases with lease terms of more than 12 months on their balance sheet as lease liabilities with a corresponding right-of-use asset. ASU 2016-02 maintains the dual model for lease accounting, requiring leases to be classified as either operating or finance, with lease classification determined in a manner similar to existing lease guidance. The new guidance is effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2018, and for private companies for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2019. The Company will adopt the guidance effective January 1, 2019 and estimates it will record a right of use asset of $14.1 million and a lease liability of $14.1 million. The Company does not expect the new guidance will have a material impact on its consolidated statement of income.
Accounting Standards Update 2016-01, Financial Instruments (Topic 825): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities ("ASU 2016-01"). In January 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-01 which amends prior guidance to require an entity to measure its equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. An entity may choose to measure equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus changes resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or similar investment of same issuer. The new guidance simplifies the impairment assessment of equity investments without readily determinable fair values, requires public entities to use the exit price notion when measuring fair value of financial instruments for disclosure purposes, requires an entity to present separately in other comprehensive income the portion of the total change in fair value of a liability resulting from changes in the instrument-specific credit risk when the entity has selected fair value option for financial instruments and requires separate presentation of financial assets and liabilities by measurement category and form of financial asset. The Company adopted ASU 2016-01 on January 1, 2018. Accordingly, the Company refined the calculation used to determine the disclosed fair value of loans held for investments as part of adopting this standard. The Adoption of this standard did not have a significant impact on the fair value disclosures included in NOTE 11.
Accounting Standards Update 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses of Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”). In June 2016, FASB issued ASU 2016-13. The provisions of ASU 2016-13 requires an entity to utilize a new impairment model known as the current expected credit loss ("CECL") model to estimate its lifetime "expected credit loss" and record an allowance that, when deducted from the amortized cost basis of the financial asset, presents the net amount expected to be collected on the financial asset. The CECL model is expected to result in more timely recognition of credit losses. ASU 2016-13 also requires new disclosures for financial assets measured at amortized cost, loans and available-for-sale debt securities. ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years.
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Entities will apply the standard's provisions as a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the first reporting period in which the guidance is adopted.
Management has formed an internal, cross functional committee to evaluate implementation steps and assess the impact ASU 2016-13 will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The committee has assigned roles and responsibilities, key tasks to complete, and has established a general timeline for implementation. The Company also engaged an outside consultant to assist with the methodology review and data validation, as well as other key aspects of implementing the standard. The committee meets periodically to discuss the latest developments and ensure progress is being made and also keeps current on evolving interpretations and industry practices related to ASU 2016-13. The committee continues to evaluate and validate data resources and different loss methodologies. Key implementation activities for 2019 include finalization of models, establishing processes and controls, development of supporting analytics and documentation, policies and disclosure, and implementing parallel processing. The committee is still evaluating the impact ASU 2016-13 will have on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
Accounting Standards Update 2018-13, Fair Value Measurements (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement (“ASU 2018-13”). In August 2018, FASB issued ASU 2018-13. This ASU eliminates, adds and modifies certain disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. Among the changes, an entity will no longer be required to disclose the amount of and reasons for transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, but will be required to disclose the range and weighted average used to develop significant unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements. ASU 2018-13 is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2019; early adoption is permitted. As ASU 2018-13 only revises disclosure requirements, it will not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The components of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) included in stockholders’ equity as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows (in thousands):

| Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Securities |  | Securities with Other-Than-Temporary Impairment Losses |  | Total
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |
Net unrealized losses on securities available-for-sale | $ | (8,951 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (8,951 | )
Unamortized losses on securities held-to-maturity transferred from available-for-sale | (166 | ) |  | — |  |  | (166 | )
Securities with other-than-temporary impairment losses | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Tax benefit | 2,644 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,644 |
Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | (6,473 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (6,473 | )
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |
Net unrealized losses on securities available-for-sale | $ | (2,619 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (2,619 | )
Unamortized losses on securities held-to-maturity transferred from available-for-sale | (281 | ) |  | — |  |  | (281 | )
Securities with other-than-temporary impairment losses | — |  |  | (345 | ) |  | (345 | )
Tax benefit | 841 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 941 |
Balance at December 31, 2017 | $ | (2,059 | ) |  | $ | (245 | ) |  | $ | (2,304 | )

Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income and the affected line items in the statements of income during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 , were as follows (in thousands):

| Amounts Reclassified from Other Comprehensive Income |  | Affected Line Item in the Statements of Income
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |
Realized gains on available-for-sale securities | $ | 901 |  |  | 616 |  |  | 1,192 |  |  | Securities gains, net (Total reclassified amount before tax)
| (261 | ) |  | (216 | ) |  | (465 | ) |  | Tax expense
Total reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income | $ | 640 |  |  | $ | 400 |  |  | $ | 727 |  |  | Net reclassified amount

See “Note 4 – Investment Securities” for more detailed information regarding unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities.
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Note 2 -- Earnings Per Share
Basic net income per common share available to common stockholders is calculated as net income less preferred stock dividends divided by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted net income per common share available to common stockholders is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, increased by the assumed conversion of the Company’s convertible preferred stock and the Company’s stock options and restricted stock awarded, unless anti-dilutive. The components of basic and diluted net income per common share available to common stockholders for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:

|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Basic Net Income per Common Share |  |  |  |  |  |
Available to Common Stockholders: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 36,600,000 |  |  | $ | 26,684,000 |  |  | $ | 21,840,000 |
Preferred stock dividends |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (825,000 | )
Net income available to common stockholders |  | 36,600,000 |  |  | 26,684,000 |  |  | 21,015,000 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding |  | 14,487,126 |  | 12,531,659 |  | 10,149,099
Basic earnings per common share |  | $ | 2.53 |  |  | $ | 2.13 |  |  | $ | 2.07 |
Diluted Net Income per Common Share |  |  |  |  |  |
Available to Common Stockholders: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income available to common stockholders |  | $ | 36,600,000 |  |  | $ | 26,684,000 |  |  | $ | 21,015,000 |
Effect of assumed preferred stock conversion |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 825,000 |
Net income applicable to diluted earnings per share |  | 36,600,000 |  |  | 26,684,000 |  |  | 21,840,000 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding |  | 14,487,126 |  |  | 12,531,659 |  |  | 10,149,099 |
Dilutive potential common shares: |  |  |  |  |  |
Assumed conversion of stock options |  | 209 |  |  | 4,875 |  |  | 3,111 |
Restricted stock awarded |  | 13,250 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,107 |
Assumed conversion of preferred stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 507,393 |
Dilutive potential common shares |  | 13,459 |  |  | 4,875 |  |  | 514,611 |
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding |  | 14,500,585 |  |  | 12,536,534 |  |  | 10,663,710 |
Diluted earnings per common share |  | $ | 2.52 |  |  | $ | 2.13 |  |  | $ | 2.05 |

There were no shares not considered in computing diluted earnings per share for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

Note 3 -- Cash and Due from Banks
Aggregate cash and due from bank balances of $14,564,000, $8,944,000 and $16,643,000 were maintained in satisfaction of statutory reserve requirements of the Federal Reserve Bank at December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. At December 31, 2018, the Company's cash accounts exceeded federal insurance limits by $1,906,000.
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Note 4 -- Investment Securities
The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses and estimated fair values for available-for-sale and held-to-maturity securities by major security type at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as follows (in thousands):

December 31, 2018 | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized (Losses) |  | Fair Value
Available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations & agencies | $ | 201,380 |  |  | $ | 504 |  |  | $ | (3,235 | ) |  | $ | 198,649 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 193,195 |  |  | 1,224 |  |  | (1,840 | ) |  | 192,579 |
Mortgage-backed securities: GSE residential | 304,372 |  |  | 486 |  |  | (6,186 | ) |  | 298,672 |
Other securities | 2,278 |  |  | 96 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,374 |
Total available-for-sale | $ | 701,225 |  |  | $ | 2,310 |  |  | $ | (11,261 | ) |  | $ | 692,274 |
Held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations & agencies | $ | 69,436 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1,527 | ) |  | $ | 67,909 |
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations & agencies | $ | 115,796 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | (2,034 | ) |  | $ | 113,770 |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 165,037 |  |  | 2,254 |  |  | (1,025 | ) |  | 166,266 |
Mortgage-backed securities: GSE residential | 295,778 |  |  | 493 |  |  | (2,460 | ) |  | 293,811 |
Trust preferred securities | 2,893 |  |  | — |  |  | (345 | ) |  | 2,548 |
Other securities | 2,039 |  |  | 145 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,184 |
Total available-for-sale | $ | 581,543 |  |  | $ | 2,900 |  |  | $ | (5,864 | ) |  | $ | 578,579 |
Held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations & agencies | $ | 69,332 |  |  | $ | 103 |  |  | $ | (978 | ) |  | $ | 68,457 |

Trust preferred securities at December 31, 2017, is a trust preferred pooled security issued by First Tennessee Financial (“FTN”). The unrealized loss of this security, which had a maturity of twenty years, was primarily due to its long-term nature, a lack of demand or inactive market for the security, and concerns regarding the underlying financial institutions that have issued the trust preferred security. This security was sold during 2018. See the heading “Trust Preferred Securities” below for further information regarding this security.
Proceeds from sales of investment securities, realized gains and losses and income tax expense were as follows during the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Proceeds from sales | $ | 13,152 |  |  | $ | 159,663 |  |  | $ | 70,757 |
Gross gains | 941 |  |  | 773 |  |  | 1,192 |
Gross losses | (40 | ) |  | (157 | ) |  | — |
Income tax expense | 261 |  |  | 216 |  |  | 465 |

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The following table indicates the expected maturities of investment securities classified as available-for-sale presented at fair value, and held-to-maturity presented at amortized cost at December 31, 2018 and the weighted average yield for each range of maturities (in thousands):

| One year or less |  | After 1 through 5 years |  | After 5 through 10 years |  | After ten years |  | Total
Available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies | $ | 148,656 |  |  | $ | 49,993 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 198,649 |
Obligations of state and political subdivisions | 23,282 |  |  | 89,930 |  |  | 78,294 |  |  | 1,073 |  |  | 192,579 |
Mortgage-backed securities: GSE residential | 622 |  |  | 160,900 |  |  | 137,150 |  |  | — |  |  | 298,672 |
Other securities | — |  |  | 2,010 |  |  | — |  |  | 364 |  |  | 2,374 |
Total investments | $ | 172,560 |  |  | $ | 302,833 |  |  | $ | 215,444 |  |  | $ | 1,437 |  |  | $ | 692,274 |
Weighted average yield | 2.57 | % |  | 2.83 | % |  | 2.93 | % |  | 3.10 | % |  | 2.80 | %
Full tax-equivalent yield | 2.70 | % |  | 3.14 | % |  | 3.34 | % |  | 4.14 | % |  | 3.10 | %
Held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies | $ | 39,995 |  |  | $ | 29,441 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 69,436 |
Weighted average yield | 1.76 | % |  | 2.08 | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | 1.90 | %
Full tax-equivalent yield | 1.76 | % |  | 2.08 | % |  | — | % |  | — | % |  | 1.90 | %

The weighted average yields are calculated on the basis of the amortized cost and effective yields weighted for the scheduled maturity of each security. Tax-equivalent yields have been calculated using a 21% tax rate. With the exception of obligations of the U.S. Treasury and other U.S. government agencies and corporations, there were no investment securities of any single issuer, the book value of which exceeded 10% of stockholders' equity at December 31, 2018.
Investment securities carried at approximately $628 million and $479 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, were pledged to secure public deposits and repurchase agreements and for other purposes as permitted or required by law.
The following table presents the aging of gross unrealized losses and fair value by investment category as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):

| Less than 12 months |  | 12 months or more |  | Total
| Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies | $ | 16,095 |  |  | $ | (148 | ) |  | $ | 105,549 |  |  | $ | (3,087 | ) |  | $ | 121,644 |  |  | $ | (3,235 | )
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 38,782 |  |  | (450 | ) |  | 42,741 |  |  | (1,390 | ) |  | 81,523 |  |  | (1,840 | )
Mortgage-backed securities: GSE residential | 81,435 |  |  | (1,150 | ) |  | 171,321 |  |  | (5,036 | ) |  | 252,756 |  |  | (6,186 | )
Total | $ | 136,312 |  |  | $ | (1,748 | ) |  | $ | 319,611 |  |  | $ | (9,513 | ) |  | $ | 455,923 |  |  | $ | (11,261 | )
Held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies | $ | 19,683 |  |  | $ | (147 | ) |  | $ | 48,226 |  |  | $ | (1,380 | ) |  | $ | 67,909 |  |  | $ | (1,527 | )
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies | $ | 58,584 |  |  | $ | (540 | ) |  | $ | 47,972 |  |  | $ | (1,494 | ) |  | $ | 106,556 |  |  | $ | (2,034 | )
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 42,618 |  |  | (769 | ) |  | 9,267 |  |  | (256 | ) |  | 51,885 |  |  | (1,025 | )
Mortgage-backed securities: GSE residential | 187,949 |  |  | (1,942 | ) |  | 22,609 |  |  | (518 | ) |  | 210,558 |  |  | (2,460 | )
Trust preferred securities | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,548 |  |  | (345 | ) |  | 2,548 |  |  | (345 | )
Total | $ | 289,151 |  |  | $ | (3,251 | ) |  | $ | 82,396 |  |  | $ | (2,613 | ) |  | $ | 371,547 |  |  | $ | (5,864 | )
Held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies | $ | 34,101 |  |  | $ | (525 | ) |  | $ | 14,540 |  |  | $ | (453 | ) |  | $ | 48,641 |  |  | $ | (978 | )

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U.S. Treasury Securities and Obligations of U.S. Government Corporations and Agencies. At December 31, 2018, there were twenty-three available-for-sale U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies with a fair value of $105,549,000 and unrealized losses of $3,087,000 in a continuous unrealized loss position for twelve months or more. At December 31, 2017, there were eleven available-for-sale U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies with a fair value of $47,972,000 and unrealized losses of $1,494,000 in a continuous unrealized loss position for twelve months or more. At December 31, 2018 there were nine held-to-maturity U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies with a fair value of $48,226,000 and unrealized losses of $1,380,000 in a continuous unrealized loss position for twelve months or more. At December 31, 2017 there were seven held-to maturity U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies with a fair value of $14,540,000 and unrealized losses of $453,000 in a continuous unrealized loss position for twelve months or more.
Obligations of states and political subdivisions. At December 31, 2018 there were eighty-four obligations of states and political subdivisions with a fair value of $42,741,000 and unrealized losses of $1,390,000 in a continuous unrealized loss position for twelve months or more. At December 31, 2017, there were thirty-nine obligations of states and political subdivisions with a fair value of $9,267,000 and unrealized losses of $256,000 in a continuous unrealized loss position for twelve months or more.
Mortgage-backed Securities: GSE Residential. At December 31, 2018 there were sixty-nine mortgage-backed securities with a fair value of $171,321,000 and unrealized losses of $5,036,000 in a continuous unrealized loss position for twelve months or more. At December 31, 2017, there were twenty-six mortgage-backed security with a fair value of $22,609,000 and unrealized losses of $518,000 in a continuous unrealized loss position for twelve months or more.
Trust Preferred Securities. At December 31, 2017, there was one trust preferred securities with a fair value of $2,548,000 and unrealized losses of $345,000 in a continuous unrealized loss position for twelve months or more. These unrealized losses were primarily due to the long-term nature of the trust preferred securities, a lack of demand or inactive market for these securities, the impending change to the regulatory treatment of these securities, and concerns regarding the underlying financial institutions that have issued the trust preferred securities. The Company sold this security during 2018.
Other secu rities. At December 31, 2018 or 2017 there were no other securities in a continuous unrealized loss position for twelve months or more.
The Company does not believe any other individual unrealized loss as of December 31, 2018 represents OTTI. However, given the continued disruption in the financial markets, the Company may be required to recognize OTTI losses in future periods with respect to its available for sale investment securities portfolio. The amount and timing of any additional OTTI will depend on the decline in the underlying cash flows of the securities. Should the impairment of any of these securities become other-than-temporary, the cost basis of the investment will be reduced and the resulting loss recognized in the period the other-than-temporary impairment is identified.
Other-than-temporary Impairment
Upon acquisition of a security, the Company determines whether it is within the scope of the accounting guidance for investments in debt and equity securities or whether it must be evaluated for impairment under the accounting guidance for beneficial interests in securitized financial assets.
Credit Losses Recognized on Investments
As described above, the Company’s investments in trust preferred securities experienced fair value deterioration due to credit losses but were not otherwise other-than-temporarily impaired. The following table provides information about those trust preferred securities for which only a credit loss was recognized in income and other losses were recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands).

| Accumulated Credit Losses as of December 31:
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Credit losses on trust preferred securities held: |  |  |  |  |
Beginning of period | $ | 1,111 |  |  | $ | 1,111 |  |  | $ | 1,111 |
Additions related to OTTI losses not previously recognized | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Reductions due to sales / (recoveries) | (1,111 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Reductions due to change in intent or likelihood of sale | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Additions related to increases in previously recognized OTTI losses | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Reductions due to increases in expected cash flows | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
End of period | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,111 |  |  | $ | 1,111 |

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Maturities of investment securities were as follows at December 31, 2018 (in thousands):

|  | Amortized Cost |  | Estimated Fair Value
Available-for-sale: |  |  |  |
Due in one year or less |  | $ | 174,049 |  |  | $ | 171,938 |
Due after one-five years |  | 142,357 |  |  | 141,933 |
Due after five-ten years |  | 79,095 |  |  | 78,294 |
Due after ten years |  | 1,352 |  |  | 1,437 |
|  | 396,853 |  |  | 393,602 |
Mortgage-backed securities: GSE residential |  | 304,372 |  |  | 298,672 |
Total available-for-sale |  | 701,225 |  |  | 692,274 |
Held-to-maturity: |  |  |  |
Due in one year or less |  | 39,995 |  |  | 38,790 |
Due after one-five years |  | 29,441 |  |  | 29,119 |
Due after five-ten years |  | — |  |  | — |
Due after ten years |  | — |  |  | — |
Total held-to-maturity |  | $ | 69,436 |  |  | $ | 67,909 |

Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.
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Note 5 -- Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses
Loans are stated at the principal amount outstanding net of unearned discounts, unearned income and allowance for loan losses. Unearned income includes deferred loan origination fees reduced by loan origination costs and is amortized to interest income over the life of the related loan using methods that approximated the effective interest rate method. Interest on substantially all loans is credited to income based on the principal amount outstanding. A summary of loans at December 31, 2018 and 2017 follows (in thousands):

| 2018 |  | 2017
Construction and land development | $ | 51,013 |  |  | $ | 107,721 |
Farm loans | 232,409 |  |  | 127,232 |
1-4 Family residential properties | 374,751 |  |  | 294,483 |
Multifamily residential properties | 186,393 |  |  | 61,966 |
Commercial real estate | 911,656 |  |  | 684,639 |
Loans secured by real estate | 1,756,222 |  |  | 1,276,041 |
Agricultural loans | 136,125 |  |  | 86,602 |
Commercial and industrial loans | 559,120 |  |  | 445,378 |
Consumer loans | 92,744 |  |  | 30,070 |
All other loans | 113,925 |  |  | 108,023 |
Gross loans | 2,658,136 |  |  | 1,946,114 |
Less: Loans held for sale | 1,508 |  |  | 1,025 |
| 2,656,628 |  |  | 1,945,089 |
Less: |  |  |  |  |
Net deferred loan fees, premiums and discounts | 13,617 |  |  | 6,613 |
Allowance for loan losses | 26,189 |  |  | 19,977 |
Net loans | $ | 2,616,822 |  |  | $ | 1,918,499 |

Net loans increased $698.3 million as of December 31, 2018 compared to December 31, 2017. Loans expected to be sold are classified as held for sale in the consolidated financial statements and are recorded at the lower of aggregate cost or market value, taking into consideration future commitments to sell the loans. These loans are primarily for 1-4 family residential properties. The balance of loans held for sale, excluded from the balances above, were $1,508,000 and $1,025,000 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
Most of the Company’s business activities are with customers located within central Illinois. At December 31, 2018, the Company’s loan portfolio included $368.5 million of loans to borrowers whose businesses are directly related to agriculture. Of this amount, $276.1 million was concentrated in other grain farming. Total loans to borrowers whose businesses are directly related to agriculture increased $154.7 million from $213.8 million at December 31, 2017 while loans concentrated in other grain farming increased $105.3 million from $170.8 million at December 31, 2017. While the Company adheres to sound underwriting practices, including collateralization of loans, any extended period of low commodity prices, drought conditions, significantly reduced yields on crops and/or reduced levels of government assistance to the agricultural industry could result in an increase in the level of problem agriculture loans and potentially result in loan losses within the agricultural portfolio.
In addition, at December 31, 2018 the Company had $129.2 million of loans to motels and hotels compared to $131.7 million at December 31, 2017 . The performance of these loans is dependent on borrower specific issues as well as the general level of business and personal travel within the region. While the Company adheres to sound underwriting standards, a prolonged period of reduced business or personal travel could result in an increase in nonperforming loans to this business segment and potentially in loan losses. The Company also had $250.5 million and $186.0 million of loans to lessors of non-residential buildings at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, $289.2 million and $131.8 million of loans to lessors of residential buildings and dwellings at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $105.3 million and $95.7 million of loans to other gambling industries at December 31, 2018 and 2017.
The structure of the Company’s loan approval process is based on progressively larger lending authorities granted to individual loan officers, loan committees, and ultimately the board of directors. Outstanding balances to one borrower or affiliated borrowers are limited by federal regulation; however, limits well below the regulatory thresholds are generally observed. The vast majority of the Company’s loans are to businesses located in the geographic market areas served by the Company’s branch bank system. Additionally, a significant portion of the collateral securing the loans in the portfolio is located within the Company’s primary geographic footprint. In general, the Company adheres to loan underwriting standards consistent with industry guidelines for all loan segments. The Company’s lending can be summarized into the following primary areas:
Commercial Real Estate Loans. Commercial real estate loans are generally comprised of loans to small business entities to purchase or expand structures in which the business operations are housed, loans to owners of real estate who lease space to non-related commercial entities, loans for construction and land development, loans to hotel operators, and loans to owners of multi-family residential structures, such as apartment buildings. Commercial real estate loans are underwritten based on historical and projected cash flows of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying real
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estate pledged as collateral on the debt. For the various types of commercial real estate loans, minimum criteria have been established within the Company’s loan policy regarding debt service coverage while maximum limits on loan-to-value and amortization periods have been defined. Maximum loan-to-value ratios range from 65% to 80% depending upon the type of real estate collateral, while the desired minimum debt coverage ratio is 1.20x. Amortization periods for commercial real estate loans are generally limited to twenty years. The Company’s commercial real estate portfolio is well below the thresholds that would designate a concentration in commercial real estate lending, as established by the federal banking regulators.
Commercial and Industrial Loans. Commercial and industrial loans are primarily comprised of working capital loans used to purchase inventory and fund accounts receivable that are secured by business assets other than real estate. These loans are generally written for one year or less. Also, equipment financing is provided to businesses with these loans generally limited to 80% of the value of the collateral and amortization periods limited to seven years. Commercial loans are often accompanied by a personal guaranty of the principal owners of a business. Like commercial real estate loans, the underlying cash flow of the business is the primary consideration in the underwriting process. The financial condition of commercial borrowers is monitored at least annually with the type of financial information required determined by the size of the relationship. Measures employed by the Company for businesses with higher risk profiles include the use of government-assisted lending programs through the Small Business Administration and U.S. Department of Agriculture.
Agricultural and Agricultural Real Estate Loans. Agricultural loans are generally comprised of seasonal operating lines to cash grain farmers to plant and harvest corn and soybeans and term loans to fund the purchase of equipment. Agricultural real estate loans are primarily comprised of loans for the purchase of farmland. Specific underwriting standards have been established for agricultural-related loans including the establishment of projections for each operating year based on industry developed estimates of farm input costs and expected commodity yields and prices. Operating lines are typically written for one year and secured by the crop. Loan-to-value ratios on loans secured by farmland generally do not exceed 65% and have amortization periods limited to twenty five years. Federal government-assistance lending programs through the Farm Service Agency are used to mitigate the level of credit risk when deemed appropriate.
Residential Real Estate Loans. Residential real estate loans generally include loans for the purchase or refinance of residential real estate properties consisting of one-to-four units and home equity loans and lines of credit. The Company sells the vast majority of its long-term fixed rate residential real estate loans to secondary market investors. The Company also releases the servicing of these loans upon sale. The Company retains all residential real estate loans with balloon payment features. Balloon periods are limited to five years. Residential real estate loans are typically underwritten to conform to industry standards including criteria for maximum debt-to-income and loan-to-value ratios as well as minimum credit scores. Loans secured by first liens on residential real estate held in the portfolio typically do not exceed 80% of the value of the collateral and have amortization periods of twenty five years or less. The Company does not originate subprime mortgage loans.
Consumer Loans. Consumer loans are primarily comprised of loans to individuals for personal and household purposes such as the purchase of an automobile or other living expenses. Minimum underwriting criteria have been established that consider credit score, debt-to-income ratio, employment history, and collateral coverage. Typically, consumer loans are set up on monthly payments with amortization periods based on the type and age of the collateral.
Other Loans. Other loans consist primarily of loans to municipalities to support community projects such as infrastructure improvements or equipment purchases. Underwriting guidelines for these loans are consistent with those established for commercial loans with the additional repayment source of the taxing authority of the municipality.
Purchase Credit-Impaired Loans. Loans acquired with evidence of credit deterioration since origination and for which it is probable that all contractually required payments will not be collected are considered to be credit impaired. Evidence of credit quality deterioration as of the purchase date may include information such as past-due and nonaccrual status, borrower credit scores and recent loan to value percentages. Purchase credit-impaired ("PCI") loans are accounted for under ASC 310-30, Receivables--Loans and Debt Securities Acquired with Deteriorated Credit Quality ("ASC 310-30"), and are initially measured at fair value, which includes the estimated future credit losses expected to be incurred over the life of the loan. Accordingly, an allowance for credit losses related to these loans is not carried over and recorded at the acquisition date. The cash flows expected to be collected were estimated using current key assumptions, such as default rates, value of underlying collateral, severity and prepayment speeds.
Allowance for Loan Losses
The allowance for loan losses represents the Company’s best estimate of the reserve necessary to adequately account for probable losses existing in the current portfolio. The provision for loan losses is the charge against current earnings that is determined by the Company as the amount needed to maintain an adequate allowance for loan losses. In determining the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, and therefore the provision to be charged to current earnings, the Company relies predominantly on a disciplined credit review and approval process that extends to the full range of the Company’s credit exposure. The review process is directed by the overall lending policy and is intended to identify, at the earliest possible stage, borrowers who might be facing financial difficulty. Factors considered by the Company in evaluating the overall adequacy of the allowance include historical net loan losses, the level and composition of nonaccrual, past due and troubled debt restructurings, trends in volumes and terms of loans, effects of changes in risk selection and underwriting standards or lending practices, lending staff changes, concentrations of credit, industry conditions and the current economic conditions in the region where the Company operates. The Company estimates the appropriate level of allowance for loan losses by separately evaluating large impaired loans and nonimpaired loans.
The Company has loans acquired from business combinations with uncollected principal balances. These loans are carried net of a fair value adjustment for credit risk and interest rates and are only included in the allowance calculation to the extent that the reserve requirement exceeds the fair value adjustment. However, as the acquired loans renew, it is necessary to establish an allowance which represents an amount that, in management’s opinion, will be adequate to absorb probable credit losses inherent in such loans.
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Impaired loans. The Company individually evaluates certain loans for impairment. In general, these loans have been internally identified via the Company’s loan grading system as credits requiring management’s attention due to underlying problems in the borrower’s business or collateral concerns. This evaluation considers expected future cash flows, the value of collateral and also other factors that may impact the borrower’s ability to make payments when due. For loans greater than $250,000 impairment is individually measured each quarter using one of three alternatives: (1) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate; (2) the loan’s observable market price, if available; or (3) the fair value of the collateral less costs to sell for collateral dependent loans and loans for which foreclosure is deemed to be probable. A specific allowance is assigned when expected cash flows or collateral do not justify the carrying amount of the loan. The carrying value of the loan reflects reductions from prior charge-offs.
Non-Impaired loans. Non-impaired loans comprise the vast majority of the Company’s total loan portfolio and include loans in accrual status and those credits not identified as troubled debt restructurings. A small portion of these loans are considered “criticized” due to the risk rating assigned reflecting elevated credit risk due to characteristics, such as a strained cash flow position, associated with the individual borrowers. Criticized loans are those assigned risk ratings of Watch, Substandard, or Doubtful. Determining the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses for all non-impaired loans is based on a migration analysis of net losses over a rolling twelve quarter period by loan segment. A weighted average of the net losses is determined by assigning more weight to the most recent quarters in order to recognize current risk factors influencing the various segments of the loan portfolio more prominently than past periods. Environmental factors including changes in economic conditions, changes in credit policies or underwriting standards, and changes in the level of credit risk associated with specific industries and markets are evaluated each quarter to determine if adjustments to the weighted average historical net losses is appropriate given these current influences on the risk profile of each loan segment. Because the economic and business climate in any given industry or market, and its impact on any given borrower, can change rapidly, the risk profile of the loan portfolio is periodically assessed and adjusted when appropriate. Consumer loans are evaluated for adverse classification based primarily on the Uniform Retail Credit Classification and Account Management Policy established by the federal banking regulators. Classification standards are generally based on delinquency status, collateral coverage, bankruptcy and the presence of fraud.
Due to weakened economic conditions during recent years, the Company established qualitative factor adjustments for each of the loan segments at levels above the historical net loss averages. Some of the economic factors included the potential for reduced cash flow for commercial operating loans from reduction in sales or increased operating costs, decreased occupancy rates for commercial buildings, reduced levels of home sales for commercial land developments, the uncertainty regarding grain prices and increased operating costs for farmers, and increased levels of unemployment and bankruptcy impacting consumer’s ability to pay. Each of these economic uncertainties was taken into consideration in developing the level of the allowance for loan losses.
The Company has not materially changed any aspect of its overall approach in the determination of the allowance for loan losses. However, on an on-going basis the Company continues to refine the methods used in determining management’s best estimate of the allowance for loan losses.
The following tables present the balance in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans based on portfolio segment and impairment method as of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

| Commercial/ Commercial Real Estate |  | Agricultural/ Agricultural Real Estate |  | Residential Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Unallocated |  | Total
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of year | $ | 16,546 |  |  | $ | 1,742 |  |  | $ | 886 |  |  | $ | 803 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19,977 |
Provision charged to expense | 6,070 |  |  | 548 |  |  | 1,447 |  |  | 602 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,667 |
Losses charged off | (1,227 | ) |  | (93 | ) |  | (886 | ) |  | (787 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,993 | )
Recoveries | 167 |  |  | — |  |  | 57 |  |  | 314 |  |  | — |  |  | 538 |
Balance, end of period | $ | 21,556 |  |  | $ | 2,197 |  |  | $ | 1,504 |  |  | $ | 932 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 26,189 |
Ending balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 1,816 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 225 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,044 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | $ | 18,514 |  |  | $ | 2,197 |  |  | $ | 1,270 |  |  | $ | 929 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 22,910 |
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality | $ | 1,226 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,235 |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending balance | $ | 1,784,741 |  |  | $ | 367,211 |  |  | $ | 392,526 |  |  | $ | 100,041 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,644,519 |
Ending Balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 14,422 |  |  | $ | 32 |  |  | $ | 2,360 |  |  | $ | 166 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 16,980 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | $ | 1,756,908 |  |  | $ | 367,175 |  |  | $ | 387,961 |  |  | $ | 99,872 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,611,916 |
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality | $ | 13,411 |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 2,205 |  |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,623 |

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| Commercial/ Commercial Real Estate |  | Agricultural/ Agricultural Real Estate |  | Residential Real Estate |  | Consumer |  | Unallocated |  | Total
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of year | $ | 12,901 |  |  | $ | 2,249 |  |  | $ | 874 |  |  | $ | 693 |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 16,753 |
Provision charged to expense | 6,884 |  |  | 153 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 361 |  |  | (36 | ) |  | 7,462 |
Losses charged off | (3,795 | ) |  | (662 | ) |  | (217 | ) |  | (521 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5,195 | )
Recoveries | 556 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 129 |  |  | 270 |  |  | — |  |  | 957 |
Balance, end of period | $ | 16,546 |  |  | $ | 1,742 |  |  | $ | 886 |  |  | $ | 803 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19,977 |
Ending balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 586 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 614 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | $ | 15,951 |  |  | $ | 1,740 |  |  | $ | 861 |  |  | $ | 802 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19,354 |
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality | 9 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 9 |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending balance | $ | 1,371,787 |  |  | $ | 213,521 |  |  | $ | 315,123 |  |  | $ | 39,070 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,939,501 |
Ending balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 11,372 |  |  | $ | 488 |  |  | $ | 1,026 |  |  | $ | 200 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13,086 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | $ | 1,360,156 |  |  | $ | 213,033 |  |  | $ | 314,097 |  |  | $ | 38,870 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,926,156 |
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality | $ | 259 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 259 |
December 31, 2016 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, beginning of year | $ | 11,379 |  |  | $ | 1,337 |  |  | $ | 994 |  |  | $ | 642 |  |  | $ | 224 |  |  | $ | 14,576 |
Provision charged to expense | 1,467 |  |  | 933 |  |  | 113 |  |  | 501 |  |  | (188 | ) |  | 2,826 |
Losses charged off | (747 | ) |  | (30 | ) |  | (234 | ) |  | (664 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1,675 | )
Recoveries | 802 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 214 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,026 |
Balance, end of year | $ | 12,901 |  |  | $ | 2,249 |  |  | $ | 874 |  |  | $ | 693 |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 16,753 |
Ending balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 192 |  |  | $ | 660 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 858 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | $ | 12,695 |  |  | $ | 1,589 |  |  | $ | 868 |  |  | $ | 693 |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | 15,881 |
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality | 14 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 0 |  |  | 14 |
Loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Ending balance | $ | 1,204,799 |  |  | $ | 212,513 |  |  | $ | 366,823 |  |  | $ | 41,857 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,825,992 |
Ending balance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Individually evaluated for impairment | $ | 1,956 |  |  | $ | 1,345 |  |  | $ | 1,752 |  |  | $ | 213 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,266 |
Collectively evaluated for impairment | $ | 1,199,003 |  |  | $ | 211,168 |  |  | $ | 360,825 |  |  | $ | 41,644 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,812,640 |
Loans acquired with deteriorated credit quality | $ | 3,840 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,246 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8,086 |

Consistent with regulatory guidance, charge-offs on all loan segments are taken when specific loans, or portions thereof, are considered uncollectible. The Company’s policy is to promptly charge these loans off in the period the uncollectible loss is reasonably determined.
For all loan portfolio segments except 1-4 family residential properties and consumer, the Company promptly charges-off loans, or portions thereof, when available information confirms that specific loans are uncollectible based on information that includes, but is not limited to, (1) the deteriorating financial condition of the borrower, (2) declining collateral values, and/or (3) legal action, including bankruptcy, that impairs the borrower’s ability to adequately meet its obligations. For impaired loans that are considered to be solely collateral dependent, a partial charge-off is recorded when a loss has been confirmed by an updated appraisal or other appropriate valuation of the collateral.
The Company charges-off 1-4 family residential and consumer loans, or portions thereof, when the Company reasonably determines the amount of the loss. The Company adheres to timeframes established by applicable regulatory guidance which provides for the charge-down of 1-4 family first and junior lien
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mortgages to the net realizable value less costs to sell when the loan is 180 days past due, charge-off of unsecured open-end loans when the loan is 180 days past due, and charge down to the net realizable value when other secured loans are 120 days past due. Loans at these respective delinquency thresholds for which the Company can clearly document that the loan is both well-secured and in the process of collection, such that collection will occur regardless of delinquency status, need not be charged off.
Credit Quality
The Company categorizes loans into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of borrowers to service their debt such as: current financial information, historical payment experience, collateral support, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. The Company analyzes loans individually by classifying the loans as to credit risk. This analysis is performed on a continuous basis. The Company uses the following definitions for risk ratings, which are commensurate with a loan considered "criticized":
Special Mention. Loans classified as special mention have a potential weakness that deserves management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or of the institution’s credit position at some future date.
Substandard. Loans classified as substandard are inadequately protected by the current sound-worthiness and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the institution will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
Doubtful. Loans classified as doubtful have all the weaknesses inherent in those classified as substandard, with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing factors, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.
Loans not meeting the criteria above that are analyzed individually as part of the above described process are considered pass rated loans. The following tables present the credit risk profile of the Company’s loan portfolio based on rating category and payment activity as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):

| Construction & Land Development |  | Farm Loans |  | 1-4 Family Residential Properties |  | Multifamily Residential Properties
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Pass | $ | 49,794 |  |  | $ | 107,140 |  |  | $ | 221,047 |  |  | $ | 120,767 |  |  | $ | 352,583 |  |  | $ | 282,441 |  |  | $ | 163,845 |  |  | $ | 60,954 |
Special Mention | 471 |  |  | 454 |  |  | 7,805 |  |  | 4,829 |  |  | 5,526 |  |  | 2,654 |  |  | 8,144 |  |  | 476 |
Substandard | 354 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,848 |  |  | 1,587 |  |  | 15,409 |  |  | 8,572 |  |  | 12,062 |  |  | 368 |
Doubtful | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 50,619 |  |  | $ | 107,594 |  |  | $ | 231,700 |  |  | $ | 127,183 |  |  | $ | 373,518 |  |  | $ | 293,667 |  |  | $ | 184,051 |  |  | $ | 61,798 |

| Commercial Real Estate (Nonfarm/Nonresidential) |  | Agricultural Loans |  | Commercial & Industrial Loans |  | Consumer Loans
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Pass | $ | 861,086 |  |  | $ | 647,208 |  |  | $ | 127,863 |  |  | $ | 83,469 |  |  | $ | 535,186 |  |  | $ | 425,846 |  |  | $ | 90,133 |  |  | $ | 29,375 |
Special Mention | 16,035 |  |  | 16,941 |  |  | 7,581 |  |  | 2,304 |  |  | 9,967 |  |  | 11,492 |  |  | 177 |  |  | 5 |
Substandard | 29,729 |  |  | 17,608 |  |  | 433 |  |  | 858 |  |  | 11,858 |  |  | 6,925 |  |  | 1,206 |  |  | 369 |
Doubtful | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 906,850 |  |  | $ | 681,757 |  |  | $ | 135,877 |  |  | $ | 86,631 |  |  | $ | 557,011 |  |  | $ | 444,263 |  |  | $ | 91,516 |  |  | $ | 29,749 |

| All Other Loans |  | Total Loans
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017
Pass | $ | 110,352 |  |  | $ | 103,339 |  |  | $ | 2,511,889 |  |  | $ | 1,860,539 |
Special Mention | 3,010 |  |  | 3,520 |  |  | 58,716 |  |  | 42,675 |
Substandard | 15 |  |  | — |  |  | 73,914 |  |  | 36,287 |
Doubtful | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 113,377 |  |  | $ | 106,859 |  |  | $ | 2,644,519 |  |  | $ | 1,939,501 |

69

The following table presents the Company’s loan portfolio aging analysis at December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):

| 30-59 days Past Due |  | 60-89 days Past Due |  | 90 Days or More Past Due |  | Total Past Due |  | Current |  | Total Loans Receivable |  | Total Loans > 90 days & Accruing
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development | $ | 460 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 503 |  |  | $ | 50,116 |  |  | $ | 50,619 |  |  | $ | — |
Farm loans | — |  |  | 804 |  |  | — |  |  | 804 |  |  | 230,896 |  |  | 231,700 |  |  | — |
1-4 Family residential properties | 3,347 |  |  | 3,051 |  |  | 4,080 |  |  | 10,478 |  |  | 363,040 |  |  | 373,518 |  |  | — |
Multifamily residential properties | 1,149 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,955 |  |  | 3,104 |  |  | 180,947 |  |  | 184,051 |  |  | — |
Commercial real estate | 1,349 |  |  | 89 |  |  | 4,058 |  |  | 5,496 |  |  | 901,354 |  |  | 906,850 |  |  | — |
Loans secured by real estate | 6,305 |  |  | 3,987 |  |  | 10,093 |  |  | 20,385 |  |  | 1,726,353 |  |  | 1,746,738 |  |  | — |
Agricultural loans | 63 |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |  |  | 83 |  |  | 135,794 |  |  | 135,877 |  |  | — |
Commercial and industrial loans | 1,417 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 3,902 |  |  | 5,329 |  |  | 551,682 |  |  | 557,011 |  |  | — |
Consumer loans | 888 |  |  | 356 |  |  | 299 |  |  | 1,543 |  |  | 89,973 |  |  | 91,516 |  |  | — |
All other loans | 697 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 697 |  |  | 112,680 |  |  | 113,377 |  |  | — |
Total loans | $ | 9,370 |  |  | $ | 4,353 |  |  | $ | 14,314 |  |  | $ | 28,037 |  |  | $ | 2,616,482 |  |  | $ | 2,644,519 |  |  | $ | — |
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 74 |  |  | $ | 107,520 |  |  | $ | 107,594 |  |  | $ | — |
Farm loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | 396 |  |  | 396 |  |  | 126,787 |  |  | 127,183 |  |  | — |
1-4 Family residential properties | 3,023 |  |  | 538 |  |  | 1,767 |  |  | 5,328 |  |  | 288,339 |  |  | 293,667 |  |  | — |
Multifamily residential properties | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 61,798 |  |  | 61,798 |  |  | — |
Commercial real estate | 90 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 3,566 |  |  | 3,694 |  |  | 678,063 |  |  | 681,757 |  |  | — |
Loans secured by real estate | 3,139 |  |  | 624 |  |  | 5,729 |  |  | 9,492 |  |  | 1,262,507 |  |  | 1,271,999 |  |  | — |
Agricultural loans | — |  |  | 32 |  |  | 158 |  |  | 190 |  |  | 86,441 |  |  | 86,631 |  |  | — |
Commercial and industrial loans | 192 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 770 |  |  | 965 |  |  | 443,298 |  |  | 444,263 |  |  | — |
Consumer loans | 178 |  |  | 67 |  |  | 27 |  |  | 272 |  |  | 29,477 |  |  | 29,749 |  |  | — |
All other loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 106,859 |  |  | 106,859 |  |  | — |
Total loans | $ | 3,509 |  |  | $ | 726 |  |  | $ | 6,684 |  |  | $ | 10,919 |  |  | $ | 1,928,582 |  |  | $ | 1,939,501 |  |  | $ | — |

Impaired Loans
Within all loan portfolio segments, loans are considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due from the borrower in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan. The entire balance of a loan is considered delinquent if the minimum payment contractually required to be made is not received by the specified due date. Impaired loans, excluding certain troubled debt restructured loans, are placed on nonaccrual status. Impaired loans include nonaccrual loans and loans modified in troubled debt restructurings where concessions have been granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. These concessions could include a reduction in the interest rate on the loan, payment extensions, forgiveness of principal, forbearance or other actions intended to maximize collection. It is the Company’s policy to have any restructured loans which are on nonaccrual status prior to being modified remain on nonaccrual status until, in the opinion of management, the financial position of the borrower indicates there is no longer any reasonable doubt as to the timely collection of interest or principal. If the restructured loan is on accrual status prior to being modified, the loan is reviewed to determine if the modified loan should remain on accrual status.
70

The following tables present impaired loans as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):

| 2018 |  | 2017
| Recorded Balance |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Specific Allowance |  | Recorded Balance |  | Unpaid Principal Balance |  | Specific Allowance
Loans with a specific allowance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development | $ | 2,559 |  |  | $ | 2,559 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Farm loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 276 |  |  | 276 |  |  | — |
1-4 Family residential properties | 4,565 |  |  | 4,952 |  |  | 234 |  |  | 1,026 |  |  | 1,347 |  |  | 25 |
Multifamily residential properties | 4,465 |  |  | 4,465 |  |  | — |  |  | 313 |  |  | 313 |  |  | — |
Commercial real estate | 12,517 |  |  | 12,804 |  |  | 1,553 |  |  | 5,544 |  |  | 5,565 |  |  | 531 |
Loans secured by real estate | 24,106 |  |  | 24,780 |  |  | 1,801 |  |  | 7,159 |  |  | 7,501 |  |  | 556 |
Agricultural loans | 36 |  |  | 504 |  |  | — |  |  | 212 |  |  | 1,009 |  |  | 2 |
Commercial and industrial loans | 8,292 |  |  | 8,723 |  |  | 1,475 |  |  | 5,774 |  |  | 6,037 |  |  | 64 |
Consumer loans | 169 |  |  | 171 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 200 |  |  | 200 |  |  | 1 |
All other loans | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total loans | $ | 32,603 |  |  | $ | 34,178 |  |  | $ | 3,279 |  |  | $ | 13,345 |  |  | $ | 14,747 |  |  | $ | 623 |
Loans without a specific allowance: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | 48 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Farm loans | 309 |  |  | 309 |  |  | — |  |  | 15 |  |  | 15 |  |  | — |
1-4 Family residential properties | 3,680 |  |  | 4,769 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,239 |  |  | 2,664 |  |  | — |
Multifamily residential properties | 7,597 |  |  | 7,597 |  |  | — |  |  | 55 |  |  | 55 |  |  | — |
Commercial real estate | 983 |  |  | 1,201 |  |  | — |  |  | 303 |  |  | 368 |  |  | — |
Loans secured by real estate | 12,617 |  |  | 13,924 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,612 |  |  | 3,102 |  |  | — |
Agricultural loans | 631 |  |  | 163 |  |  | — |  |  | 545 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Commercial and industrial loans | 1,660 |  |  | 2,027 |  |  | — |  |  | 909 |  |  | 1,249 |  |  | — |
Consumer loans | 471 |  |  | 1,006 |  |  | — |  |  | 102 |  |  | 119 |  |  | — |
All other loans | 6 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total loans | $ | 15,385 |  |  | $ | 17,126 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,168 |  |  | $ | 4,470 |  |  | $ | — |
Total loans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Construction and land development | $ | 2,607 |  |  | $ | 2,607 |  |  | $ | 14 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Farm loans | 309 |  |  | 309 |  |  | — |  |  | 291 |  |  | 291 |  |  | — |
1-4 Family residential properties | 8,245 |  |  | 9,721 |  |  | 234 |  |  | 3,265 |  |  | 4,011 |  |  | 25 |
Multifamily residential properties | 12,062 |  |  | 12,062 |  |  | — |  |  | 368 |  |  | 368 |  |  | — |
Commercial real estate | 13,500 |  |  | 14,005 |  |  | 1,553 |  |  | 5,847 |  |  | 5,933 |  |  | 531 |
Loans secured by real estate | 36,723 |  |  | 38,704 |  |  | 1,801 |  |  | 9,771 |  |  | 10,603 |  |  | 556 |
Agricultural loans | 667 |  |  | 667 |  |  | — |  |  | 757 |  |  | 1,009 |  |  | 2 |
Commercial and industrial loans | 9,952 |  |  | 10,750 |  |  | 1,475 |  |  | 6,683 |  |  | 7,286 |  |  | 64 |
Consumer loans | 640 |  |  | 1,177 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 302 |  |  | 319 |  |  | 1 |
All other loans | 6 |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total loans | $ | 47,988 |  |  | $ | 51,304 |  |  | $ | 3,279 |  |  | $ | 17,513 |  |  | $ | 19,217 |  |  | $ | 623 |

The Company’s policy is to discontinue the accrual of interest income on all loans for which principal or interest is ninety days past due. The accrual of interest is discontinued earlier when, in the opinion of management, there is reasonable doubt as to the timely collection of interest or principal. Once interest accruals are discontinued, accrued but uncollected interest is charged against current year income. Subsequent receipts on non-accrual loans are recorded as a reduction of principal, and interest income is recorded only after principal recovery is reasonably assured. Interest on loans determined to be troubled debt restructurings is recognized on an accrual basis in accordance with the restructured terms if the loan is in compliance with the modified terms. Nonaccrual loans are returned to accrual status when, in the opinion of management, the financial position of the borrower indicates there is no longer any reasonable doubt as to the timely collection of interest or principal. The Company requires a period of satisfactory performance of not less than six months before returning a nonaccrual loan to accrual status.
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The following tables present average recorded investment and interest income recognized on impaired loans for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
| Average Investment in Impaired Loans |  | Interest Income Recognized |  | Average Investment in Impaired Loans |  | Interest Income Recognized |  | Average Investment in Impaired Loans |  | Interest Income Recognized
Construction and land development | $ | 2,558 |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 229 |  |  | $ | — |
Farm loans | 415 |  |  | — |  |  | 293 |  |  | — |  |  | 207 |  |  | — |
1-4 Family residential properties | 6,297 |  |  | 144 |  |  | 3,267 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 2,988 |  |  | 22 |
Multifamily residential properties | 9,666 |  |  | 137 |  |  | 377 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 3,824 |  |  | 55 |
Commercial real estate | 9,818 |  |  | 271 |  |  | 5,457 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 6,675 |  |  | 36 |
Loans secured by real estate | 28,754 |  |  | 589 |  |  | 9,394 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 13,923 |  |  | 113 |
Agricultural loans | 727 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 878 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,394 |  |  | — |
Commercial and industrial loans | 9,003 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 6,586 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 1,485 |  |  | 4 |
Consumer loans | 131 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 325 |  |  | — |  |  | 557 |  |  | 2 |
All other loans | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total loans | $ | 38,618 |  |  | $ | 619 |  |  | $ | 17,183 |  |  | $ | 51 |  |  | $ | 17,359 |  |  | $ | 119 |

The amount of interest income recognized by the Company within the periods stated above was due to loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring that remained on accrual status. The balance of loans modified in a troubled debt restructuring included in the impaired loans stated above that were still accruing was $7,237,000 of multifamily residential properties, $1,945,000 of construction & land development, $1,769,000 of 1-4 Family residential properties, $676,000 of commercial real estate, and $962,000 of commercial and industrial loans at December 31, 2018 and $578,000 of 1-4 Family residential properties, $251,000 of commercial real estate loans, and $25,000 of commercial and industrial loans at December 31, 2017. For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the amount of interest income recognized using a cash-basis method of accounting during the period that the loans were impaired was not material.
Non Accrual Loans
The following table presents the Company’s recorded balance of nonaccrual loans at December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017 (in thousands). This table excludes purchased credit-impaired loans and performing troubled debt restructurings.

| 2018 |  | 2017
Construction and land development | $ | 377 |  |  | $ | — |
Farm loans | 309 |  |  | 291 |
1-4 Family residential properties | 5,762 |  |  | 2,687 |
Multifamily residential properties | 2,105 |  |  | 368 |
Commercial real estate | 8,457 |  |  | 5,596 |
Loans secured by real estate | 17,010 |  |  | 8,942 |
Agricultural loans | 667 |  |  | 757 |
Commercial and industrial loans | 8,990 |  |  | 6,658 |
Consumer loans | 625 |  |  | 302 |
All other loans | 6 |  |  | — |
Total loans | $ | 27,298 |  |  | $ | 16,659 |

The aggregate principal balances of nonaccrual, past due ninety days or more loans were $27.3 million and $16.7 million at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Interest income that would have been recorded under the original terms of such nonaccrual loans totaled $1,189,000, $471,000 and $133,000 in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
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Purchased Credit-Impaired Loans
The Company acquired certain loans considered to be credit-impaired in its business combination with First Clover Leaf during the third quarter of 2016, First Bank & Trust during the second quarter of 2018 and Soy Capital during the fourth quarter of 2018. At acquisition, these loans evidenced deterioration of credit quality since origination and it was probable, at acquisition, that all contractually required payments would not be collected. The carrying amount of these loans is included in the consolidated balance sheet amounts for Loans. The Company had no PCI loans prior to the First Clover Leaf acquisition. The amount of these loans at December 31, 2018 and 2017 are as follows (in thousands):

| December 31, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017 |
Construction and land development | $ | 2,872 |  | $ | — |
1-4 Family residential properties | $ | 2,206 |  | $ | — |
Multifamily residential properties | 3,891 |  | — |
Commercial real estate | 6,946 |  | 251 |
Loans secured by real estate | 15,915 |  | 251 |
Agricultural loans | 4 |  | — |
Commercial and industrial loans | 15 |  | 8 |
Consumer loans | 3 |  | — |
Carrying amount | 15,937 |  | 259 |
Allowance for loan losses | (1,235 | ) | (9 | )
Carrying amount, net of allowance | $ | 14,702 |  | $ | 250 |

As of November 15, 2018 the Soy Capital acquisition date, the principal outstanding of PCI loans totaled $3,282,000 and the fair value of the PCI loans totaled $2,594,000. As of May 1, 2018, the First Bank acquisition date, the principal outstanding of PCI loans totaled $20,357,000 and the fair value of PCI loans totaled $16,126,000. For PCI loans, the difference between contractually required payments at acquisition and the cash flow expected to collected is referred to as the non-accretable difference. Any excess of expected cash flows over the fair value is referred to as the accretable yield. As of December 31, 2018, approximately $910,000 was accreted on the PCI loans acquired due to paydowns on these loans. As of December 31, 2017, there was no accretion on the PCI loans acquired. As of December 31, 2016 approximately $1.2 million was accreted on the PCI loans acquired due to sales and charge offs on these loans. Subsequent decreases to the expected cash flows will result in a provision for loan and lease losses. Subsequent increases in expected cash flows will result in a reversal of the provision for loan and lease losses to the extent of prior charges and then an adjustment to accretable yield, which would have a positive impact on interest income. As of December 31, 2018, subsequent changes in expected cash flows resulted in approximately $889,000 of provision recorded and approximately $65,000 of provision reversed. As of December 31, 2016, there was one loan with a change in expected cash flows and as a result, approximately $14,000 of provision was recorded.
The PCI loans acquired during the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 for which it was probable that all contractually required payments would not be collected were as follows (in thousands):

| First Bank | Soy Capital
Contractually required payments | $ | 20,357 |  | $ | 3,282 |
Non-accretable difference | (4,231 | ) | (688 | )
Cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition | 16,126 |  | 2,594 |
Accretable yield | — |  | — |
Fair value of acquired loans at acquisition | $ | 16,126 |  | $ | 2,594 |

Income would not be recognized on certain PCI loans if cash flows could not be reasonably estimated. The Company had no purchased loans for which it could not reasonably estimate cash flows to be collected.
Troubled Debt Restructuring
The balance of troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs") at December 31, 2018 and 2017 was $9,956,000 and $8,898,000, respectively. Approximately $1,418,000 and $37,000 in specific reserves were established with respect to these loans as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. As troubled debt restructurings, these loans are included in nonperforming loans and are classified as impaired which requires that they be individually measured for impairment. The modification of the terms of these loans included one or a combination of the following: a reduction of stated interest rate of the loan; an extension of the maturity date and change in payment terms; or a permanent reduction of the recorded investment in the loan.
73

The following table presents the Company’s recorded balance of troubled debt restructurings at December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands).

Troubled debt restructurings: | 2018 |  | 2017
Construction and land development | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
1-4 Family residential properties | 2,472 |  |  | 874 |
Multifamily residential properties | — |  |  | — |
Commercial real estate | 1,706 |  |  | 1,376 |
Loans secured by real estate | 4,178 |  |  | 2,250 |
Agricultural loans | 499 |  |  | 757 |
Commercial and industrial loans | 5,112 |  |  | 5,690 |
Consumer Loans | 167 |  |  | 201 |
Total | $ | 9,956 |  |  | $ | 8,898 |
Performing troubled debt restructurings: |  |  |  |  |
Construction and Land Development | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
1-4 Family residential properties | 1,769 |  |  | 578 |
Multifamily residential properties | — |  |  | — |
Commercial real estate | 676 |  |  | 251 |
Loans secured by real estate | 2,445 |  |  | 829 |
Commercial and industrial loans | — |  |  | 25 |
Consumer Loans | 6 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 2,451 |  |  | $ | 854 |

The following table presents loans modified as TDRs during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 as a result of various modified loan factors (in thousands):

| December 31, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
| Number of Modifications |  | Recorded Investment |  | Type of Modifications |  | Number of Modifications |  | Recorded Investment |  | Type of Modifications
1-4 Family residential properties | 16 |  |  | 688 |  |  | (b)(c) |  | 3 |  |  | 196 |  |  | (b)(c)
Commercial real estate | 2 |  |  | 479 |  |  | (b)(d) |  | 2 |  |  | 814 |  |  | (b)(c)
Loans secured by real estate | 18 |  |  | 1,167 |  |  |  |  | 5 |  |  | 1,010 |  |  |
Agricultural Loans | 2 |  |  | 67 |  |  | (b)(c) |  | 4 |  |  | 757 |  |  | (b)(c)(d)
Commercial and industrial loans | 3 |  |  | 28 |  |  | (b)(c) |  | 4 |  |  | 4,924 |  |  | (b)(c)
Total | 23 |  |  | $ | 1,262 |  |  |  |  | 13 |  |  | $ | 6,691 |  |  |

Type of modifications:
(a) Reduction of stated interest rate of loan
(b) Change in payment terms
(c) Extension of maturity date
(d) Permanent reduction of the recorded investment
A loan is considered to be in payment default once it is ninety days past due under the modified terms. There was one loan modified as a troubled debt restructuring during the prior twelve months that experienced a default during the year ended December 31, 2018 and one loan modified as troubled debt restructuring during the prior twelve months that experienced a default as of December 31, 2017.
At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the balance of real estate owned includes $2,534,000 and $2,754,000, respectively of foreclosed real estate properties recorded as a result of obtaining physical possession of the property. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, the recorded investment of consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceeds are in process was $425,000 and $404,000.
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Note 6 -- Premises and Equipment, Net
Premises and equipment at December 31, 2018 and 2017 consisted of (in thousands):

|  | 2018 |  | 2017
Land |  | $ | 14,734 |  |  | $ | 9,933 |
Buildings and improvements |  | 52,129 |  |  | 37,229 |
Furniture and equipment |  | 19,718 |  |  | 16,145 |
Leasehold improvements |  | 3,580 |  |  | 4,109 |
Construction in progress |  | 321 |  |  | 29 |
Subtotal |  | 90,482 |  |  | 67,445 |
Accumulated depreciation and amortization |  | 31,365 |  |  | 29,179 |
Total |  | $ | 59,117 |  |  | $ | 38,266 |

Depreciation and amortization expense was $3.0 million, $2.7 million and $2.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Note 7 -- Goodwill and Intangible Assets
The Company has goodwill from business combinations, intangible assets from branch acquisitions, identifiable intangible assets assigned to core deposit relationships and customer lists of business lines acquired. The following table presents gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization by major intangible asset class as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):

|  | 2018 |  | 2017
|  | Gross Carrying Value |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Gross Carrying Value |  | Accumulated Amortization
Goodwill not subject to amortization |  | $ | 109,037 |  |  | $ | 3,760 |  |  | $ | 63,910 |  |  | $ | 3,760 |
Intangibles from branch acquisition |  | 3,015 |  |  | 3,015 |  |  | 3,015 |  |  | 3,015 |
Core deposit intangibles |  | 32,355 |  |  | 14,017 |  |  | 19,862 |  |  | 11,473 |
Customer list intangibles |  | 16,029 |  |  | 2,648 |  |  | 3,731 |  |  | 2,285 |
|  | $ | 160,436 |  |  | $ | 23,440 |  |  | $ | 90,518 |  |  | $ | 20,533 |

Goodwill of $27.4 million was provisionally recorded for the acquisition and merger of First Bank during the second quarter of 2018. Goodwill was adjusted to $26.5 million within the twelve month measurement period t o reflect proper valuation of financial assets and liabilities. All of the goodwill was assigned to the banking segment of the Company. The Company expects this goodwill will not be deductible for tax purposes.
The following table provides a reconciliation of the purchase price paid for First Bank and the amount of goodwill recorded (in thousands):

Unallocated purchase price |  |  |  | $ | 26,946 |
Less purchase accounting adjustments: |  |  |  |
Fair value of securities |  | 320 |  |  |
Fair value of loans |  | 3,463 |  |  |
Fair value of OREO |  | 12 |  |  |
Fair value of mortgage servicing rights |  | (1,097 | ) |  |
Fair value of premises and equipment |  | 689 |  |  |
Fair value of time deposits |  | 1,301 |  |  |
Fair value of FHLB advances |  | (328 | ) |  |
Fair value of subordinated debentures |  | (1,451 | ) |  |
Core deposit intangible |  | (5,224 | ) |  |
Other assets and other liabilities |  | 1,860 |  |  |
|  |  |  | (455 | )
Resulting goodwill from acquisition |  |  |  | $ | 26,491 |

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Goodwill of $18.6 million was recorded for the acquisition and merger of Soy Capital during the fourth quarter of 2018. All of the goodwill was assigned to the banking segment of the Company. The Company expects this goodwill will not be deductible for tax purposes. The following table provides a reconciliation of the purchase price paid for the acquisition of Soy Capital and the amount of goodwill recorded (in thousands):

Unallocated purchase price |  |  |  | $ | 22,104 |
Less purchase accounting adjustments: |  |  |  |
Fair value of securities |  | 41 |  |  |
Fair value of loans |  | 3,377 |  |  |
Fair value of OREO |  | 345 |  |  |
Fair value of premises and equipment |  | (1,228 | ) |  |
Fair value of time deposits |  | (343 | ) |  |
Fair value of FHLB advances |  | (29 | ) |  |
Core deposit intangible |  | (7,269 | ) |  |
Customer list intangibles |  | (12,298 | ) |  |
Other assets and other liabilities |  | 13,936 |  |  |
|  |  |  | $ | (3,468 | )
Resulting goodwill from acquisition |  |  |  | $ | 18,636 |

As part of the acquisition of First Bank acquisition, the Company acquired mortgage servicing rights valued at $1,558,000. The following table summarizes the activity pertaining to the mortgage servicing rights included in intangible assets as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):

| December 31, 2018 |  |  | December 31, 2017 |
Beginning Balance | 844 |  |  | 985 |
Acquired Balance | 1,558 |  |  | — |
Mortgage Servicing rights capitalized | 7 |  |  | — |
Mortgage Servicing rights amortized | (308 | ) |  | (141 | )
Ending Balance | $ | 2,101 |  |  | $ | 844 |

Total amortization expense for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was as follows (in thousands):

|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Core deposit intangibles |  | 2,544 |  |  | 1,829 |  |  | 1,628 |
Customer list intangibles |  | 363 |  |  | 183 |  |  | 183 |
Mortgage Servicing Rights |  | 308 |  |  | 141 |  |  | 98 |
|  | $ | 3,215 |  |  | $ | 2,153 |  |  | $ | 1,909 |

Estimated amortization expense for each of the five succeeding years is shown in the table below (in thousands):

For year ended 12/31/19 | $ | 5,355 |
For year ended 12/31/20 | 4,644 |
For year ended 12/31/21 | 3,996 |
For year ended 12/31/22 | 3,630 |
For year ended 12/31/23 | 3,318 |

In accordance with the provisions of SFAS 142,”Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets,” codified in ASC 350, the Company performed testing of goodwill for impairment as of September 30, 2018 and 2017, and determined, as of each of these dates, that goodwill was not impaired. Management also concluded that the remaining amounts and amortization periods were appropriate for all intangible assets.
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Note 8 -- Deposits
As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, deposits consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | 2018 |  | 2017
Demand deposits: |  |  |  |
Non-interest bearing |  | $ | 575,784 |  |  | $ | 480,283 |
Interest-bearing |  | 903,426 |  |  | 700,376 |
Savings |  | 432,319 |  |  | 359,065 |
Money market |  | 485,388 |  |  | 390,880 |
Time deposits |  | 591,769 |  |  | 344,035 |
Total deposits |  | $ | 2,988,686 |  |  | $ | 2,274,639 |

Total interest expense on deposits for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 was as follows (in thousands):

|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Interest-bearing demand |  | $ | 1,158 |  |  | $ | 588 |  |  | $ | 274 |
Savings |  | 579 |  |  | 486 |  |  | 445 |
Money market |  | 2,135 |  |  | 1,224 |  |  | 719 |
Time deposits |  | 4,699 |  |  | 1,697 |  |  | 1,275 |
Total |  | $ | 8,571 |  |  | $ | 3,995 |  |  | $ | 2,713 |

As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, the aggregate amount of time deposits in denominations of more than $250,000 was as follows (in thousands):

|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Time deposit balances in denominations of more than $250,000 |  | $ | 87,517 |  |  | $ | 52,598 |  |  | $ | 55,768 |

The following table shows the amount of maturities for all time deposits as of December 31, 2018 (in thousands):

Less than 1 year | $ | 318,879 |
1 year to 2 years | 185,814 |
2 years to 3 years | 48,953 |
3 years to 4 years | 21,714 |
4 years to 5 years | 14,976 |
Over 5 years | 1,433 |
Total | $ | 591,769 |

In 2018 the Company maintained account relationships with various public entities throughout its market areas. These public entities had total balances of approximately $94.8 million and $100.8 million in various checking accounts and time deposits as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. These balances are subject to change depending upon the cash flow needs of the public entity.
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Note 9 -- Repurchase Agreements and Other Borrowings
As of December 31, 2018 and 2017 borrowings consisted of the following (in thousands):

|  | 2018 |  | 2017
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase |  | $ | 192,330 |  |  | $ | 155,388 |
Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) Fixed-term advances |  | 119,745 |  |  | 60,038 |
Subordinated debentures |  | 29,000 |  |  | 24,000 |
Other borrowings: |  |  |  |  |  |
Due after one year |  | 7,724 |  |  | 10,313 |
Total |  | $ | 348,799 |  |  | $ | 249,739 |

Aggregate annual maturities of FHLB advances and subordinated debentures (excluding unamortized discounts and premiums) at December 31, 2018 are (in thousands):

| FHLB |  | Subordinated Debentures
2019 | $ | 56,000 |  |  | $ | — |
2020 | 39,000 |  |  | — |
2021 | 15,000 |  |  | — |
2022 | 5,000 |  |  | — |
2023 | 5,000 |  |  | — |
Thereafter | — |  |  | 30,930 |
| $ | 120,000 |  |  | $ | 30,930 |
Unamortized premium (discount) | $ | (255 | ) |  | $ | (1,930 | )
| $ | 119,745 |  |  | $ | 29,000 |

FHLB advances represent borrowings by First Mid Bank to fund loan demand. At December 31, 2018 the advances totaling $120 million w ere as follows:

• | $4 million advance with a 3-year maturity, at 1.72% due April 12, 2019

• | $15 million advance with a 6-month maturity, at 2.68% due May 13, 2019

• | $5 million advance with a 2-year maturity, at 1.56%, due June 28, 2019

• | $10 million advance with a 11-month maturity at 2.81%, due August 30, 2019

• | $5 million advance with a 15-month maturity, at 2.63%, due September 27, 2019

• | $2 million advance with a 5-year maturity, at 1.89%, due October 17, 2019

• | $10 million advance with a 14-month maturity at 2.88%, due November 29, 2019

• | $5 million advance with a 1.5-year maturity, at 2.67%, due December 27, 2019

• | $4 million advance with a 3-year maturity, at 2.40%, due January 9, 2020

• | $5 million advance with a 2.5-year maturity, at 1.67%, due January 31, 2020

• | $5 million advance with a 4-year maturity, at 1.79%, due April 13, 2020

• | $10 million advance with a 1.5 year maturity at 2.95%, due May 29, 2020

• | $5 million advance with a 2-year maturity, at 2.75%, due June 26, 2020

• | $5 million advance with a 3-year maturity, at 1.75%, due July 31, 2020

• | $5 million advance with a 6-year maturity, at 2.30%, due August 24, 2020

• | $5 million advance with a 3.5-year maturity, at 1.83%, due February 1, 2021

• | $5 million advance with a 5-year maturity, at 1.85%, due April 12, 2021

• | $5 million advance with a 7-year maturity, at 2.55%, due October 1, 2021

• | $5 million advance with a 5-year maturity, at 2.71%, due March 21, 2022

• | $5 million advance with a 8-year maturity, at 2.40%, due January 9, 2023

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Securities sold under agreements to repurchase were $192.3 million at December 31, 2018, a increase of $37 million from $155.4 million at December 31, 2017 primarily due to addition of accounts acquired from Soy Capital. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase have overnight maturities and a weighted average rate of .15%.

(in thousands) |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase: |  |  |  |  |  |
Maximum outstanding at any month-end |  | $ | 192,330 |  |  | $ | 163,626 |  |  | $ | 185,763 |
Average amount outstanding for the year |  | 140,622 |  |  | 144,674 |  |  | 129,734 |

The right of setoff for a repurchase agreement resembles a secured borrowing, whereby the collateral pledged by the Company would be used to settle the fair value of the repurchase agreement should the Company be in default (e.g., declare bankruptcy), the Company could cancel the repurchase agreement (i.e., cease payment of principal and interest), and attempt collection on the amount of collateral value in excess of the repurchase agreement fair value.
The collateral is held by a third party financial institution in the counterparty's custodial account. The counterparty has the right to sell or repledge the investment securities. For government entity repurchase agreements, the collateral is held by the Company in a segregated custodial account under a tri-party agreement. The Company is required by the counterparty to maintain adequate collateral levels. In the event the collateral fair value falls below stipulated levels, the Company will pledge additional securities. The Company closely monitors collateral levels to ensure adequate levels are maintained, while mitigating the potential of over-collateralization in the event of counterparty default.
Repurchase agreements by class of collateral pledged are as follows (in thousands):

|  | December 31, 2018 |  |  | December 31, 2017 |
US Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations & agencies |  | $ | 130,893 |  |  | $ | 100,895 |
Mortgage-backed securities: GSE: residential |  | 61,437 |  |  | 54,493 |
Total |  | $ | 192,330 |  |  | $ | 155,388 |

At December 31, 2018, there was no outstanding loan balance on the revolving credit agreement with The Northern Trust Company. This loan was renewed on April 13, 2018 for one year as a revolving credit agreement with a maximum available balance of $10 million. The interest rate (4.65% and 3.67% at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively) is floating at 2.25% over the federal funds rate. The loan is secured by all of the stock of First Mid Bank. Management believes that the Company and its subsidiary banks were in compliance with all the existing covenants at December 31, 2018 and 2017.
Also on September 7, 2016, the Company entered into a $15 million fixed-rate note with a maturity date of September 7, 2020. The interest rate is floating at 2.25% over the federal funds rate (4.65% and 3.67% at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively) and interest and principal payments are due quarterly. As of December 31, 2018, the balance due was zero. The loan is secured by all of the stock of First Mid Bank, including requirements for operating and capital ratios. Management believes the Company and its subsidiary bank were in compliance with all the existing covenants at December 31, 2018 and 2017.
On February 27, 2004, the Company completed the issuance and sale of $10 million of floating rate trust preferred securities through Trust I, a statutory business trust and wholly-owned unconsolidated subsidiary of the Company, as part of a pooled offering. The Company established Trust I for the purpose of issuing the trust preferred securities. The $10 million in proceeds from the trust preferred issuance and an additional $310,000 for the Company’s investment in common equity of the Trust, a total of $10,310,000, was invested in junior subordinated debentures of the Company. The underlying junior subordinated debentures issued by the Company to Trust I mature in 2034, bear interest at three-month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus 280 basis points, reset quarterly, and are callable, at the option of the Company, at par on or after April 7, 2009. At December 31, 2018 and 2017 the rate was 5.19% and 4.21%, respectively. The Company used the proceeds of the offering for general corporate purposes.
On April 26, 2006, the Company completed the issuance and sale of $10 million of fixed/floating rate trust preferred securities through Trust II, a statutory business trust and wholly-owned unconsolidated subsidiary of the Company, as part of a pooled offering. The Company established Trust II for the purpose of issuing the trust preferred securities. The $10 million in proceeds from the trust preferred issuance and an additional $310,000 for the Company’s investment in common equity of Trust II, a total of $10,310,000, was invested in junior subordinated debentures of the Company. The underlying junior subordinated debentures issued by the Company to Trust II mature in 2036, bore interest at a fixed rate of 6.98% paid quarterly until June 15, 2011 and then converted to floating rate (LIBOR plus 160 basis points) after June 15, 2011 (4.39% and 3.19% at December 31, 2018 and 2017). The net proceeds to the Company were used for general corporate purposes, including the Company’s acquisition of Mansfield.
On September 8, 2016, the Company assumed the trust preferred securities of Clover Leaf Statutory Trust I (“CLST I”), a statutory business trust that was a wholly owned unconsolidated subsidiary of First Clover Financial. The $4 million of trust preferred securities and an additional $124,000 additional investment in common equity of CLST I, is invested in junior subordinated debentures issued to CLST I. The subordinated debentures mature in 2025, bear interest at three-month LIBOR plus 185 basis points (4.64% and 3.44% at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively) and resets quarterly.
On May 1, 2018, the Company assumed the trust preferred securities of FBTC Statutory Trust I (“FBTCST I”), a statutory business trust that was a wholly owned unconsolidated subsidiary of First BancTrust Corporation. The $6 million of trust preferred securities and an additional $186,000 additional investment in common equity of FBTCST I is invested in junior subordinated debentures issued to FBTCST I. The subordinated debentures mature in 2035, bear interest at three-month LIBOR plus 170 basis points (4.49% and 3.29% at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively) and resets quarterly.
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The trust preferred securities issued by Trust I, Trust II, CLST I, and FBTCSTI are included as Tier 1 capital of the Company for regulatory capital purposes. On March 1, 2005, the Federal Reserve Board adopted a final rule that allows the continued limited inclusion of trust preferred securities in the calculation of Tier 1 capital for regulatory purposes. The final rule provided a five-year transition period, ending September 30, 2010, for application of the revised quantitative limits. On March 17, 2009, the Federal Reserve Board adopted an additional final rule that delayed the effective date of the new limits on inclusion of trust preferred securities in the calculation of Tier 1 capital until March 31, 2012. The application of the revised quantitative limits did not and is not expected to have a significant impact on its calculation of Tier 1 capital for regulatory purposes or its classification as well-capitalized. The Dodd-Frank Act, signed into law July 21, 2010, removes trust preferred securities as a permitted component of a holding company’s Tier 1 capital after a three-year phase-in period beginning January 1, 2013 for larger holding companies. For holding companies with less than $15 billion in consolidated assets, existing issues of trust preferred securities are grandfathered and not subject to this new restriction. Similarly, the final rule implementing the Basel III reforms allows holding companies with less than $15 billion in consolidated assets as of December 31, 2009 to continue to count toward Tier 1 capital any trust preferred securities issued before May 19, 2010. New issuances of trust preferred securities, however would not count as Tier 1 regulatory capital.
In addition to requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act discussed above, the act also required the federal banking agencies to adopt rules that prohibit banks and their affiliates from engaging in proprietary trading and investing in and sponsoring certain unregistered investment companies (defined as hedge funds and private equity funds). This rule is generally referred to as the “Volcker Rule.” On December 10, 2013, the federal banking agencies issued final rules to implement the prohibitions required by the Volcker Rule. Following the publication of the final rule, and in reaction to concerns in the banking industry regarding the adverse impact the final rule’s treatment of certain collateralized debt instruments has on community banks, the federal banking agencies approved an interim final rule to permit banking entities to retain interests in certain collateralized debt obligations backed primarily by trust preferred securities. Under the interim final rule, the agencies permit the retention of an interest in or sponsorship of covered funds by banking entities under $15 billion in assets if (1) the collateralized debt obligation was established and issued prior to May 19, 2010, (2) the banking entity reasonably believes that the offering proceeds received by the collateralized debt obligation were invested primarily in qualifying trust preferred collateral, and (3) the banking entity’s interests in the collateralized debt obligation was acquired on or prior to December 10, 2013. Although the Volcker Rule impacts many large banking entities, the Company does not currently anticipate that the Volcker Rule will have a material effect on the operations of the Company or First Mid Bank.
Note 10 -- Regulatory Capital
The Company is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Bank holding companies follow minimum regulatory requirements established by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“Federal Reserve System”), and First Mid Bank follow similar minimum regulatory requirements established for national banks by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”). Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possibly additional discretionary action by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial statements.
Quantitative measures established by each regulatory capital standards to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and its subsidiary bank to maintain a minimum capital amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below). Management believes that, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company, First Mid Bank, and Soy Capital Bank met all capital adequacy requirements.
As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the most recent notification from the primary regulators categorized First Mid Bank and Soy Capital Bank (prior to its merger into First Mid Bank) as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized, minimum total risk-based capital, Tier 1 risk-based capital, Common Equity Tier 1 risk-based capital, and Tier 1 leverage ratios must be maintained as set forth in the table below. At December 31, 2018, there were no conditions or events since the most recent notification that management believes have changed this categorization.
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| Actual |  | Required Minimum For Capital Adequacy Purposes with Capital Buffer |  | To Be Well-Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
| Amount (in thousands) |  | Ratio |  | Amount (in thousands) |  | Ratio |  | Amount (in thousands) |  | Ratio
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Capital (to risk-weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company | $ | 412,879 |  |  | 13.63 | % |  | $ | 299,148 |  |  | > 9.875% |  | N/A |  |  | N/A
First Mid Bank | 350,361 |  |  | 12.85 | % |  | 269,171 |  |  | > 9.875 |  | $ | 272,578 |  |  | > 10.00%
Soy Capital Bank | 45,387 |  |  | 14.33 | % |  | 31,283 |  |  | > 9.875 |  | $ | 31,679 |  |  | > 10.00%
Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company | 386,690 |  |  | 12.76 | % |  | 238,561 |  |  | > 7.875 |  | N/A |  |  | N/A
First Mid Bank | 324,172 |  |  | 11.89 | % |  | 214,655 |  |  | > 7.875 |  | 218,063 |  |  | > 8.00
Soy Capital Bank | 45,387 |  |  | 14.33 | % |  | 24,947 |  |  | > 7.875 |  | 25,343 |  |  | > 8.00
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company | 357,690 |  |  | 11.81 | % |  | 193,121 |  |  | > 6.375 |  | N/A |  |  | N/A
First Mid Bank | 324,172 |  |  | 11.89 | % |  | 173,769 |  |  | > 6.375 |  | 177,176 |  |  | > 6.50
Soy Capital Bank | 45,387 |  |  | 14.33 | % |  | 20,195 |  |  | > 6.375 |  | 20,591 |  |  | > 6.50
Tier 1 Capital (to average assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company | 386,690 |  |  | 11.15 | % |  | 138,765 |  |  | > 4.00 |  | N/A |  |  | N/A
First Mid Bank | 324,172 |  |  | 9.92 | % |  | 130,716 |  |  | > 4.00 |  | 163,396 |  |  | > 5.00
Soy Capital Bank | 45,387 |  |  | 11.12 | % |  | 16,322 |  |  | > 4.00 |  | 20,403 |  |  | > 5.00
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Capital (to risk-weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company | $ | 290,843 |  |  | 12.70 | % |  | $ | 211,848 |  |  | > 9.25% |  | N/A |  |  | N/A
First Mid Bank | 282,621 |  |  | 12.39 | % |  | 211,064 |  |  | > 9.25 |  | $ | 228,177 |  |  | > 10.00%
Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company | 270,866 |  |  | 11.83 | % |  | 166,043 |  |  | > 7.25 |  | N/A |  |  | N/A
First Mid Bank | 262,644 |  |  | 11.51 | % |  | 165,428 |  |  | > 7.25 |  | 182,542 |  |  | > 8.00
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company | 246,866 |  |  | 10.78 | % |  | 131,690 |  |  | > 5.75 |  | N/A |  |  | N/A
First Mid Bank | 262,644 |  |  | 11.51 | % |  | 131,202 |  |  | > 5.75 |  | 148,315 |  |  | > 6.50
Tier 1 Capital (to average assets) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Company | 270,866 |  |  | 9.91 | % |  | 109,381 |  |  | > 4.00 |  | N/A |  |  | N/A
First Mid Bank | 262,644 |  |  | 9.63 | % |  | 109,113 |  |  | > 4.00 |  | 136,392 |  |  | > 5.00

The Company's risk-weighted assets, capital and capital ratios for December 31, 2018 are computed in accordance with Basel III capital rules which were effective January 1, 2015. Prior periods are computed following previous rules. See heading "Basel III" in the Overview section of this report for a more detailed description of Basel III rules. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company, First Mid Bank, and Soy Capital Bank had capital ratios above the required minimums for regulatory capital adequacy, and First Mid Bank and Soy Capital Bank had capital ratios that qualified it for treatment as well-capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action with respect to banks.
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Note 11 -- Disclosures of Fair Values of Financial Instruments
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Fair value measurements must maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. There is a hierarchy of three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 | Valuations for assets and liabilities traded in active exchange markets, such as the New York Stock Exchange. Valuations are obtained from readily available pricing sources for market transactions involving identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 | Valuations for assets and liabilities traded in less active dealer or broker markets. Valuations are obtained from third party pricing services for identical or comparable assets or liabilities which use observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in active markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

Level 3 | Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

Following is a description of the inputs and valuation methodologies used for assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and recognized in the accompanying balance sheets, as well as the general classification of such assets pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.
Available-for-Sale Securities. The fair value of available-for-sale securities is determined by various valuation methodologies. Where quoted market prices are available in an active market, securities are classified within Level 1. If quoted market prices are not available, then fair values are estimated by using quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics or independent asset pricing services and pricing models, the inputs of which are market-based or independently sources market parameters, including but not limited to, yield curves, interest rates, volatilities, prepayments, defaults, cumulative loss projections and cash flows. Such securities are classified in Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy. In certain cases where Level 1 or Level 2 inputs are not available, securities are classified within Level 3 of the hierarchy and include subordinated tranches of collateralized mortgage obligations and investments in trust preferred securities.
Fair value determinations for Level 3 measurements of securities are the responsibility of the Treasury function of the Company. The Company contracts with a pricing specialist to generate fair value estimates on a monthly basis. The Treasury function of the Company challenges the reasonableness of the assumptions used and reviews the methodology to ensure the estimated fair value complies with accounting standards generally accepted in the United States, analyzes the changes in fair value and compares these changes to internally developed expectations and monitors these changes for appropriateness.
The trust preferred securities are collateralized debt obligation securities that are backed by trust preferred securities issued by banks, thrifts, and insurance companies. The market for these securities at December 31, 2017 was not active and markets for similar securities are also not active. The inactivity was evidenced first by a significant widening of the bid-ask spread in the brokered markets in which trust preferred securities trade and then by a significant decrease in the volume of trades relative to historical levels. The new issue market is also inactive and will continue to be, as a result of the Dodd-Frank Act’s elimination of trust preferred securities from Tier 1 capital for certain holding companies. There are currently very few market participants who are willing and or able to transact for these securities. The market values for these securities are very depressed relative to historical levels. Given conditions in the debt markets today and the absence of observable transactions in the secondary and new issue markets, we determined:

• | The few observable transactions and market quotations that are available was not reliable for purposes of determining fair value at December 31, 2017,

• | An income valuation approach technique (present value technique) that maximizes the use of relevant observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs was equally or more representative of fair value than the market approach valuation technique used at prior measurement dates, and

• | The trust preferred securities held by the Company were classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy because we determined that significant adjustments were required to determine fair value at the measurement date.

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The following table presents the Company’s assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall as of December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):

|  |  | Fair Value Measurements Using:
| Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies | $ | 198,649 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 198,649 |  |  | $ | — |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 192,579 |  |  | — |  |  | 191,612 |  |  | 967 |
Mortgage-backed securities | 298,672 |  |  | — |  |  | 298,672 |  |  | — |
Other securities | 2,374 |  |  | 364 |  |  | 2,010 |  |  | — |
Total available-for-sale securities | $ | 692,274 |  |  | $ | 364 |  |  | $ | 690,943 |  |  | $ | 967 |
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies | $ | 113,770 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 113,770 |  |  | $ | — |
Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 166,266 |  |  | — |  |  | 166,266 |  |  | — |
Mortgage-backed securities | 293,811 |  |  | — |  |  | 293,811 |  |  | — |
Trust preferred securities | 2,548 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,548 |
Other securities | 2,184 |  |  | 172 |  |  | 2,012 |  |  | — |
Total available-for-sale securities | $ | 578,579 |  |  | $ | 172 |  |  | $ | 575,859 |  |  | $ | 2,548 |

The change in fair value of assets measured on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 is summarized as follows (in thousands):

|  | Obligations of State and Political Subdivisions | Trust Preferred Securities
|  | December 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017 | December 31, 2018 | December 31, 2017
Beginning balance |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 2,548 |  | $ | 1,652 |
Transfers into Level 3 |  | 967 |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Transfers out of Level 3 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Total gains or losses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Included in net income |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Included in other comprehensive income (loss) |  | — |  | — |  | 18 |  | 1,053 |
Purchases, issuances, sales and settlements |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Purchases |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Issuances |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |
Sales |  | — |  | — |  | (2,522 | ) | — |
Settlements |  | — |  | — |  | (44 | ) | (157 | )
Ending balance |  | $ | 967 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 2,548 |
Total gains or losses for the period included in net income attributable to the change in unrealized gains or losses related to assets and liabilities still held at the reporting date |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |

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Following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and recognized in the accompanying balance sheets, as well as the general classification of such assets pursuant to the valuation hierarchy.
Impaired Loans (Collateral Dependent)
Loans for which it is probable that the Company will not collect all principal and interest due according to contractual terms are measured for impairment. Allowable methods for determining the amount of impairment and estimating fair value include using the fair value of the collateral for collateral dependent loans.
If the impaired loan is identified as collateral dependent, then the fair value method of measuring the amount of impairment is utilized. This method requires obtaining a current independent appraisal of the collateral and applying a discount factor to the value. Impaired loans that are collateral dependent are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy when impairment is determined using the fair value method.
Management establishes a specific allowance for loans that have an estimated fair value that is below the carrying value. The total carrying amount of loans for which a change in specific allowance has occurred as of December 31, 2018 was $19,481,000 and a fair value of $16,437,000 resulting in specific loss exposures of $3,044,000. As of December 31, 2017, the total carrying amount of loans for which a change specific allowance has occurred was $3,665,000. These loans had a fair value of $3,053,000 which resulted in specific loss exposures of $612,000.
When there is little prospect of collecting principal or interest, loans, or portions of loans, may be charged-off to the allowance for loan losses. Losses are recognized in the period an obligation becomes uncollectible. The recognition of a loss does not mean that the loan has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off the loan even though partial recovery may be affected in the future.
Foreclosed Assets Held For Sale
Other real estate owned acquired through loan foreclosure are initially recorded at fair value less costs to sell when acquired, establishing a new cost basis. The adjustment at the time of foreclosure is recorded through the allowance for loan losses. Due to the subjective nature of establishing the fair value when the asset is acquired, the actual fair value of the other real estate owned or foreclosed asset could differ from the original estimate. If it is determined that fair value declines subsequent to foreclosure, a valuation allowance is recorded through noninterest expense. Operating costs associated with the assets after acquisition are also recorded as noninterest expense. Gains and losses on the disposition of other real estate owned and foreclosed assets are netted and posted to other noninterest expense. The total carrying amount of other real estate owned as of December 31, 2018 was $2,534,000. Other real estate owned included in the total carrying amount and measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the period amounted to $836,000. The total carrying amount of other real estate owned as of December 31, 2017 was $2,754,000. Other real estate owned included in the total carrying amount and measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the period amounted to $91,000.
The following table presents the fair value measurement of assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis and the level within the fair value hierarchy in which the fair value measurements fall at December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):

| Fair Value Measurements Using
| Fair Value |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  | Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impaired loans (collateral dependent) | $ | 16,437 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 16,437 |
Foreclosed assets held for sale | 836 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 836 |
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Impaired loans (collateral dependent) | $ | 3,053 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 3,053 |
Foreclosed assets held for sale | 91 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 91 |

Sensitivity of Significant Unobservable Inputs
The following is a discussion of the sensitivity of significant unobservable inputs, the interrelationships between those inputs and other unobservable inputs used in recurring fair value measurement and of how those inputs might magnify or mitigate the effect of changes in the unobservable inputs on the fair value measurement.
Trust Preferred Securities. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s trust preferred securities were offered quotes and comparability adjustments. Significant increases (decreases) in any of those inputs in isolation resulted in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. Generally, changes in either of those inputs would not affect the other input.
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The following table presents quantitative information about unobservable inputs used in recurring and nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements other than goodwill at December 31, 2018.

| Fair Value (in thousands) |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Inputs |  | Range (Weighted Average)
Impaired loans (collateral dependent) | 16,437 |  |  | Third party valuations |  | Discount to reflect realizable value |  | 0 | % | - | 40% | ( | 20 | % | )
Foreclosed assets held for sale | 836 |  |  | Third party valuations |  | Discount to reflect realizable value less estimated selling costs |  | 0 | % | - | 40% | ( | 35 | % | )

The following table presents quantitative information about unobservable inputs used in recurring and nonrecurring Level 3 fair value measurements other than goodwill at December 31, 2017.

| Fair Value (in thousands) |  | Valuation Technique |  | Unobservable Inputs |  | Range (Weighted Average)
Trust Preferred Securities | $ | 2,548 |  |  | Discounted cash flow |  | Discount rate |  | 12.7% |  |  |  |  |
Constant prepayment rate (1) |  | 1.3% |  |  |  |  |
Cumulative projected prepayments |  | 21.6% |  |  |  |  |
Probability of default |  | 0.5% |  |  |  |  |
Projected cures given deferral |  | 0.0% |  |  |  |  |
Loss severity |  | 97.7% |  |  |  |  |
Impaired loans (collateral dependent) | 3,053 |  |  | Third party valuations |  | Discount to reflect realizable value |  | 0% | - | 40% | ( | 20% | )
Foreclosed assets held for sale | $ | 91 |  |  | Third party valuations |  | Discount to reflect realizable value less estimated selling costs |  | 0% | - | 40% | ( | 35% | )

(1) | Every five years

The methods utilized to estimate the fair value of financial instruments at December 31, 2017 did not necessarily represent an exit price. In accordance with the Company’s adoption of ASU 2016-01 as of January 1, 2018, the methods utilized to measure the fair value of financial instruments at December 31, 2018 represent an approximation of exit price; however, an actual exit price may differ. The following tables present estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments at December 31, 2018 and 2017 in accordance with FAS 107-1 and APB 28-1, codified with ASC 820 (in thousands):

| Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
December 31, 2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 140,735 |  |  | $ | 140,735 |  |  | $ | 140,735 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Federal funds sold | 665 |  |  | 665 |  |  | 665 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Certificates of deposit investments | 7,569 |  |  | 7,569 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,569 |  |  | — |
Available-for-sale securities | 692,274 |  |  | 692,274 |  |  | 364 |  |  | 690,943 |  |  | 967 |
Held-to-maturity securities | 69,436 |  |  | 67,909 |  |  | — |  |  | 67,909 |  |  | — |
Loans held for sale | 1,508 |  |  | 1,508 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,508 |  |  | — |
Loans net of allowance for loan losses | 2,616,822 |  |  | 2,541,037 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,541,037 |
Interest receivable | 16,881 |  |  | 16,881 |  |  | — |  |  | 16,881 |  |  | — |
Federal Reserve Bank stock | 7,390 |  |  | 7,390 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,390 |  |  | — |
Federal Home Loan Bank stock | 3,095 |  |  | 3,095 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,095 |  |  | — |
Financial Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | 2,988,686 |  |  | 2,991,177 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,396,917 |  |  | 594,260 |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | 192,330 |  |  | 192,179 |  |  | — |  |  | 192,179 |  |  | — |
Interest payable | 1,758 |  |  | 1,758 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,758 |  |  | — |
Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings | 119,745 |  |  | 119,704 |  |  | — |  |  | 119,704 |  |  | — |
Other borrowings | 7,724 |  |  | 7,724 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,724 |  |  | — |
Junior subordinated debentures | 29,000 |  |  | 24,418 |  |  | — |  |  | 24,418 |  |  | — |

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| Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
December 31, 2017 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial Assets |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and due from banks | $ | 88,388 |  |  | $ | 88,388 |  |  | $ | 88,388 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Federal funds sold | 491 |  |  | 491 |  |  | 491 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Certificates of deposit investments | 1,685 |  |  | 1,692 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,692 |  |  | — |
Available-for-sale securities | 578,579 |  |  | 578,579 |  |  | 172 |  |  | 575,859 |  |  | 2,548 |
Held-to-maturity securities | 69,332 |  |  | 68,457 |  |  | — |  |  | 68,457 |  |  | — |
Loans held for sale | 1,025 |  |  | 1,025 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,025 |  |  | — |
Loans net of allowance for loan losses | 1,918,499 |  |  | 1,899,678 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,899,678 |
Interest receivable | 10,832 |  |  | 10,832 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,832 |  |  | — |
Federal Reserve Bank stock | 5,160 |  |  | 5,160 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,160 |  |  | — |
Federal Home Loan Bank stock | 2,407 |  |  | 2,407 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,407 |  |  | — |
Financial Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits | 2,274,639 |  |  | 2,272,868 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,930,604 |  |  | 342,264 |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | 155,388 |  |  | 155,394 |  |  | — |  |  | 155,394 |  |  | — |
Interest payable | 602 |  |  | 602 |  |  | — |  |  | 602 |  |  | — |
Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings | 60,038 |  |  | 59,968 |  |  | — |  |  | 59,968 |  |  | — |
Other borrowings | 10,313 |  |  | 10,313 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,313 |  |  | — |
Junior subordinated debentures | 24,000 |  |  | 18,050 |  |  | — |  |  | 18,050 |  |  | — |

Note 12 -- Deferred Compensation Plan
The Company follows the provisions of ASC 710, for purposes of the First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan (“DCP”). At December 31, 2018, the Company classified the cost basis of its common stock issued and held in trust in connection with the DCP of approximately $3,548,000 as treasury stock. The Company also classified the cost basis of its related deferred compensation obligation of approximately $3,548,000 as an equity instrument (deferred compensation).
The DCP was effective as of June 1984. The purpose of the DCP is to enable directors, advisory directors, and key employees the opportunity to defer a portion of the fees and cash compensation paid by the Company as a means of maximizing the effectiveness and flexibility of compensation arrangements. The Company invests all participants’ deferrals in shares of common stock. Dividends paid on the shares are credited to participants’ DCP accounts and invested in additional shares. During 2018 and 2017 the Company issued 9,043 common shares and 6,875 common shares, respectively, pursuant to the DCP.
The Company also maintains deferred compensation arrangements that were acquired in the Soy Capital acquisition. Individual participants in the agreements are primarily business development employees in the First Mid Insurance and First Mid Wealth Management divisions. The total liabilities associated with these agreements is included in other liabilities on the Company's consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018.
Note 13 -- Stock Incentive Plan
At the Annual Meeting of Stockholders held April 26, 2017, the stockholders approved the 2017 Stock Incentive Plan ("SI Plan"). The SI Plan was implemented to succeed the Company's 2007 Stock Incentive Plan, which had a ten-year term. The SI Plan is intended to provide a means whereby directors, employees, consultants and advisors of the Company and its Subsidiaries may sustain a sense of proprietorship and personal involvement in the continued development and financial success of the Company and its Subsidiaries, thereby advancing the interests of the Company and its stockholders. Accordingly, directors and selected employees, consultants and advisors may be provided the opportunity to acquire shares of Common Stock of the Company on the terms and conditions established in the SI Plan.
A maximum of 149,983 shares are authorized under the SI Plan. There have been no options awarded since 2008. The Company awarded 28,700, 18,391 and 13,912 (under the 2007 Stock Incentive Plan) shares during 2018, 2017, 2016, respectively as stock and stock unit awards.
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The fair value of options granted was estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Expected volatility was based on historical volatility of the Company’s stock and other factors. The Company used historical data to estimate option exercises and employee termination within the valuation model; separate groups of employees who had similar historical exercise behavior were considered separately for valuation purposes. The expected term of options granted was derived from the output of the option valuation model and represented the period of time that options granted were expected to be outstanding. The risk-free rate for periods within the contractual life of the option was based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of the grant. There were no options granted during 2018, 2017 or 2016.
The following table summarizes the compensation cost, net of forfeitures, related to stock-based compensation for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):

|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Stock and stock unit awards: |  |  |  |  |  |
Pre-tax compensation expense |  | $ | 314 |  |  | $ | 954 |  |  | $ | 384 |
Income tax benefit |  | (66 | ) |  | (334 | ) |  | (134 | )
Total share-based compensation expense, net of income taxes |  | $ | 248 |  |  | $ | 620 |  |  | $ | 250 |

During 2017, the Board changed its award process and subsequently approved the acceleration of the vesting of all remaining outstanding restricted stock units. This resulted in total compensation expense for the year ended December 31, 2017 of approximately, $954,000.
A summary of option activity under the SI Plan and the 1997 Stock Incentive Plan as of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, and changes during the years then ended is presented below:

|  | 2018
|  | Shares |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding, beginning of year |  | 10,500 |  | $23.00 |  |  |  |
Granted |  | 0 |  | 0.00 |  |  |  |
Exercised |  | (10,500) |  | 23.00 |  |  |  |
Forfeited or expired |  | 0 |  | 0.00 |  |  |  |
Outstanding, end of year |  | 0 |  | $0.00 |  | 0.00 |  | $ | — |
Exercisable, end of year |  | 0 |  | $0.00 |  | 0.00 |  | $ | — |

The total intrinsic value of options exercised during 2018 was $176,000. As of December 31, 2018 there were no outstanding options.

|  | 2017
|  | Shares |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding, beginning of year |  | 40,500 |  | $24.65 |  |  |  |
Granted |  | 0 |  | 0.00 |  |  |  |
Exercised |  | (27,500) |  | 25.42 |  |  |  |
Forfeited or expired |  | (2,500) |  | 23.00 |  |  |  |
Outstanding, end of year |  | 10,500 |  | $23.00 |  | 0.96 |  | $ | 163,170 |
Exercisable, end of year |  | 10,500 |  | $23.00 |  | 0.96 |  | $ | 163,170 |

The total intrinsic value of options exercised during 2017 was $259,000. There were no stock options for shares of common stock not considered in computing the aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding shares and exercisable shares for 2017 because they were anti-dilutive.
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|  | 2016
|  | Shares |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Outstanding, beginning of year |  | 45,500 |  | $24.67 |  |  |  |
Granted |  | 0 |  | 0.00 |  |  |  |
Exercised |  | (2,500) |  | 24.86 |  |  |  |
Forfeited or expired |  | (2,500) |  | 24.86 |  |  |  |
Outstanding, end of year |  | 40,500 |  | $24.65 |  | 1.42 |  | $ | 378,850 |
Exercisable, end of year |  | 40,500 |  | $24.65 |  | 1.42 |  | $ | 378,850 |

There were no options exercised during 2016. Stock options for 14,000 shares of common stock were not considered in computing the aggregate intrinsic value of outstanding shares and exercisable shares for 2016 because they were anti-dilutive.
The following table summarizes non-vested stock and stock unit activity for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016:

|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
|  | Shares |  | Weighted-avg Grant-date Fair Value |  | Shares |  | Weighted-avg Grant-date Fair Value |  | Shares |  | Weighted-avg Grant-date Fair Value
Nonvested, beginning of year |  | 0 |  | $0.00 |  | 32,338 |  | $22.64 |  | 30,169 |  | $20.87
Granted |  | 28,700 |  | 38.92 |  | 18,391 |  | 30.65 |  | 13,912 |  | 26.09
Vested |  | (4,420) |  | 38.92 |  | (50,729) |  | 25.54 |  | (11,743) |  | 22.18
Forfeited |  | 0 |  | 0.00 |  | 0 |  | 0.00 |  | 0 |  | 0.00
Nonvested, end of year |  | 24,280 |  | $38.92 |  | 0 |  | $0.00 |  | 32,338 |  | $22.64
Fair value of shares vested |  |  |  | $ | 172,026 |  |  |  |  | $ | 260,483 |  |  |  |  | $ | 260,483 |

The fair value of the awards is amortized to compensation expense over the vesting periods of the awards (four years for annual awards and three years for cumulative awards) and is based on the market price of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant multiplied by the number of shares granted that are expected to vest. As of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, there was $795,000, $0, and $344,000, respectively, of total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock and stock unit awards under the SI Plan.
Note 14 -- Retirement Plans
The Company has a defined contribution retirement plan which covers substantially all employees and which provides for a Company contribution equal to 4% of each participant’s compensation and a Company matching contribution of up to 100% of the first 3% and 50% of the next 2% of pre tax contributions made by each participant. Employee contributions are limited to the 402(g) limit of compensation. The total expense for the plan amounted to $1,881,000, $1,630,000 and $1,383,000 in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The Company also has two agreements in place to pay $50,000 annually for 20 years from the retirement date to the surviving spouse of a deceased former senior officer of the Company and to a senior officer that retired December 31, 2013. Total expense under these two agreements amounted to $36,000, $40,000 and $43,000 in 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The current liability recorded for these two agreements was $533,000 and $597,000, as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
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Note 15 -- Income Taxes
The components of federal and state income tax expense for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 were as follows (in thousands):

|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Current |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  | $ | 4,841 |  |  | $ | 9,825 |  |  | $ | 11,375 |
State |  | 2,781 |  |  | 2,719 |  |  | 2,953 |
Total Current |  | 7,622 |  |  | 12,544 |  |  | 14,328 |
Deferred |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Federal |  | 2,818 |  |  | 2,047 |  |  | (1,940 | )
State |  | 1,465 |  |  | 451 |  |  | (448 | )
Total Deferred |  | 4,283 |  |  | 2,498 |  |  | (2,388 | )
Total |  | $ | 11,905 |  |  | $ | 15,042 |  |  | $ | 11,940 |

Recorded income tax expense differs from the expected tax expense (computed by applying the applicable statutory U.S. federal tax rate of 21% for 2018 and 35% for 2017 and 2016 to income before income taxes). During 2018, 2017 and 2016, the Company was in a graduated tax rate position. The principal reasons for the difference are as follows (in thousands):

|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Expected income taxes |  | $ | 10,186 |  |  | $ | 14,604 |  |  | $ | 11,823 |
Effects of: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tax-exempt income from bank owned life insurance |  | (283 | ) |  | (573 | ) |  | (235 | )
Other tax exempt income |  | (1,598 | ) |  | (2,223 | ) |  | (1,577 | )
Nondeductible interest expense |  | 43 |  |  | 28 |  |  | 21 |
State taxes, net of federal taxes |  | 3,354 |  |  | 2,062 |  |  | 1,628 |
Other items |  | 218 |  |  | (266 | ) |  | 280 |
Adjustment of deferred tax assets and liabilities for enacted change in tax laws |  | — |  |  | 1,410 |  |  | — |
Effect of marginal tax rate |  | (15 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 11,905 |  |  | $ | 15,042 |  |  | $ | 11,940 |

On December 22, 2017, the United States enacted certain tax reforms through the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, which changes existing tax laws, most significantly a change in the statutory corporate tax rate from 35% to 21%. As a result of this enactment, the Company incurred additional one-time income tax expense of approximately $1.4 million during the fourth quarter of 2017, primarily due to re-measurement of deferred tax assets and liabilities.
Tax expense recorded by the Company during 2018, 2017 and 2016 did not include any interest or penalties. Tax returns filed with the Internal Revenue Service and Illinois Department of Revenue are subject to review by law under a three-year statute of limitations. The Company is no longer subject to U.S. federal or state income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2015.
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The tax effects of the temporary differences that gave rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31, 2018 and 2017 are presented below (in thousands):

|  | 2018 |  | 2017
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses |  | $ | 7,251 |  |  | $ | 5,694 |
Available-for-sale investment securities |  | 2,644 |  |  | 941 |
Deferred compensation |  | 3,593 |  |  | 749 |
Supplemental retirement |  | 152 |  |  | 170 |
Core deposit premium and other intangible assets |  | 657 |  |  | 664 |
Pass thru activities |  | — |  |  | 126 |
Other-than-temporary impairment on securities |  | — |  |  | 317 |
Stock compensation expense |  | 43 |  |  | — |
Purchase accounting |  | — |  |  | 475 |
Acquisition costs |  | 190 |  |  | 210 |
Other |  | 977 |  |  | 596 |
Total gross deferred tax assets |  | 15,507 |  |  | 9,942 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred loan costs |  | 126 |  |  | 26 |
Intangibles amortization |  | 4,135 |  |  | 3,685 |
Prepaid expenses |  | 297 |  |  | 232 |
FHLB stock dividend |  | 232 |  |  | 158 |
Depreciation |  | 2,149 |  |  | 1,207 |
Deferred revenue |  | 81 |  |  | 58 |
Purchase accounting |  | 6,066 |  |  | — |
Accumulated accretion |  | 199 |  |  | 112 |
Mortgage servicing rights |  | 578 |  |  | 240 |
Total gross deferred tax liabilities |  | 13,863 |  |  | 5,718 |
Net deferred tax assets |  | $ | 1,644 |  |  | $ | 4,224 |

Net deferred tax assets are recorded in other assets on the consolidated balance sheets. No valuation allowance related to deferred tax assets was recorded at December 31, 2018 and 2017 as management believes it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will be fully realized.
Note 16 -- Dividend Restrictions
The National Bank Act imposes limitations on the amount of dividends that may be paid by a national bank, such as First Mid Bank and Soy Capital Bank. Generally, a national bank may pay dividends out of its undivided profits, in such amounts and at such times as the bank’s board of directors deems prudent. Without prior OCC approval, however, a national bank may not pay dividends in any calendar year which, in the aggregate, exceed the bank’s year-to-date net income plus the bank’s adjusted retained net income for the two preceding years. Factors that could adversely affect First Mid Bank’s net income include other-than-temporary impairment on investment securities that result in credit losses and economic conditions in industries where there are concentrations of loans outstanding that result in impairment of these loans and, consequently loan charges and the need for increased allowances for losses. See “Item 1A. Risk Factors,” Note 4 – “Investment Securities” and Note 5 – “Loans” for a more detailed discussion of the factors.
The payment of dividends by any financial institution or its holding company is affected by the requirement to maintain adequate capital pursuant to applicable capital adequacy guidelines and regulations, and a financial institution generally is prohibited from paying any dividends if, following payment thereof, the institution would be undercapitalized. As described above, First Mid Bank exceeded their minimum capital requirements under applicable guidelines as of December 31, 2018. As of December 31, 2018, approximately $28.8 million was available to be paid as dividends to the Company by First Mid Bank. Notwithstanding the availability of funds for dividends, however, the OCC may prohibit the payment of any dividends by First Mid Bank if the OCC determines that such payment would constitute an unsafe or unsound practice.
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Note 17 -- Commitments and Contingent Liabilities
First Mid Bank and Soy Capital Bank enter into financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include lines of credit, letters of credit and other commitments to extend credit. Each of these instruments involves, to varying degrees, elements of credit, interest rate and liquidity risk in excess of the amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company uses the same credit policies and requires similar collateral in approving lines of credit and commitments and issuing letters of credit as it does in making loans. The exposure to credit losses on financial instruments is represented by the contractual amount of these instruments. However, the Company does not anticipate any losses from these instruments.
The off-balance sheet financial instruments whose contract amounts represent credit risk at December 31, 2018 and 2017 were as follows (in thousands):

| 2018 |  | 2017
Unused commitments and lines of credit: |  |  |
Commercial real estate | $ | 102,015 |  |  | $ | 73,268 |
Commercial operating | 298,657 |  |  | 223,960 |
Home equity | 43,026 |  |  | 38,318 |
Other | 110,226 |  |  | 69,333 |
Total | $ | 553,924 |  |  | $ | 404,879 |
Standby letters of credit | $ | 10,183 |  |  | $ | 10,626 |

Commitments to originate credit represent approved commercial, residential real estate and home equity loans that generally are expected to be funded within ninety days. Lines of credit are agreements by which the Company agrees to provide a borrowing accommodation up to a stated amount as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the loan agreement. Both commitments to originate credit and lines of credit generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Since many of the lines and some commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.
Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee the financial performance of customers to third parties. Standby letters of credit are primarily issued to facilitate trade or support borrowing arrangements and generally expire in one year or less. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending credit facilities to customers. The maximum amount of credit that would be extended under letters of credit is equal to the total off-balance sheet contract amount of such instrument at December 31, 2018 and 2017. The Company's deferred revenue under standby letters of credit was nominal.
The Company is also subject to claims and lawsuits that arise primarily in the ordinary course of business. It is the opinion of management that the disposition of ultimate resolution of such claims and lawsuits will not have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company.
Note 18 -- Related Party Transactions
Certain officers, directors and principal stockholders of the Company and its subsidiaries, their immediate families or their affiliated companies (“related parties”) have loans with one or more of the subsidiaries. These loans are made in the ordinary course of business on substantially the same terms, including interest and collateral, as those prevailing for comparable transactions with others. Loans to related parties totaled approximately $94,006,000 and $76,835,000 at December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Activity during 2018 and 2017 was as follows (in thousands):

|  | 2018 |  | 2017
Beginning balance |  | $ | 76,835 |  |  | $ | 54,502 |
New loans |  | 24,957 |  |  | 29,725 |
Loan repayments |  | (7,786 | ) |  | (7,392 | )
Ending balance |  | $ | 94,006 |  |  | $ | 76,835 |

Deposits from related parties held by First Mid Bank at December 31, 2018 and 2017 totaled $96,624,000 and $110,324,000, respectively.
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Note 19 -- Business Combinations
SCB Bancorp, Inc.
On June 12, 2018, The Company and Project Almond Merger Sub LLC, a newly formed Illinois limited liability company and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“Almond Merger Sub”), entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (the “SCB Merger Agreement”) with SCB Bancorp, Inc., an Illinois corporation (“SCB”), pursuant to which, among other things, the Company agreed to acquire 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of SCB pursuant to a business combination whereby SCB merged with and into Almond Merger Sub, whereupon the separate corporate existence of SCB ceased and Merger Sub continued as the surviving company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “SCB Merger”).
Subject to the terms and conditions of the SCB Merger Agreement, at the effective time of the SCB Merger, each share of common stock, par value $7.50 per share, of SCB issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the SCB Merger were converted into and became the right to receive, at the election of each stockholder, either $307.93 in cash or 8.0228 shares of common stock, par value $4.00 per share, of the Company and cash in lieu of fractional shares, less any applicable taxes required to be withheld. In addition, immediately prior to the closing of the proposed merger, SCB will paid a special dividend to its shareholders in the aggregate amount of approximately $25 million. The SCB Merger was subject to customary closing conditions, including the approval of the appropriate regulatory authorities and of the stockholders of SCB. The SCB Merger was completed November 15, 2018 and an aggregate of 1,330,571 shares of common stock were issued, and approximately $19,046,000 was paid, to the stockholders of SCB, including cash in lieu of fractional shares.
It is anticipated that SCB’s wholly-owned bank subsidiary, Soy Capital Bank and Trust Company (“Soy Capital Bank”), will be merged with and into First Mid Bank on April 6, 2019. At the time of the bank merger, Soy Capital Bank’s banking offices will become branches of First Mid Bank. As a result of the acquisition, the Company will have an opportunity to increase its deposit base and reduce transaction costs. The Company also expects to reduce costs through economies of scale.
The acquisition was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, “Business Combinations ("ASC 805"),” and accordingly the assets and liabilities were recorded at their estimated fair values as of the date of acquisition. Fair values are subject to refinement for up to one year after the closing date of November 15, 2018 as additional information regarding the closing date fair values become available. The total consideration paid was used to determine the amount of goodwill resulting from the transaction. As the total consideration paid exceeded the net assets acquired, goodwill of $18.6 million was recorded for the acquisition. Goodwill recorded in the transaction, which reflects the synergies and economies of scale expected from combining operations and the enhanced revenue opportunities from the Company’s service capabilities, is not tax deductible, and was all assigned to the banking segment of the Company.
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The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of the Soy Capital Bank acquisition (in thousands).

|  | Acquired Book Value |  | Adjustments |  | As Recorded by First Mid Bank
Assets |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash & due from banks |  | $ | 65,112 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 65,112 |
Investment Securities |  | 97,545 |  |  | (41 | ) |  | 97,504 |
Loans |  | 255,429 |  |  | (7,868 | ) |  | 247,561 |
Allowance for loan losses |  | (4,491 | ) |  | 4,491 |  |  | — |
Other real estate owned |  | 783 |  |  | (345 | ) |  | 438 |
Premises and equipment |  | 10,115 |  |  | 1,228 |  |  | 11,343 |
Goodwill |  | 6,782 |  |  | 11,854 |  |  | 18,636 |
Core deposit intangible |  | — |  |  | 7,269 |  |  | 7,269 |
Other Intangibles |  | 1,228 |  |  | 11,070 |  |  | 12,298 |
Other assets |  | 24,821 |  |  | (5,926 | ) |  | 18,895 |
Total assets acquired |  | $ | 457,324 |  |  | $ | 21,732 |  |  | $ | 479,056 |
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Deposits |  | 348,314 |  |  | (343 | ) |  | 347,971 |
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase |  | 21,180 |  |  | — |  |  | 21,180 |
FHLB advances |  | 19,000 |  |  | (29 | ) |  | 18,971 |
Other borrowings |  | 7,724 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,724 |
Other liabilities |  | 15,904 |  |  | — |  |  | 15,904 |
Total liabilities assumed |  | 412,122 |  |  | (372 | ) |  | 411,750 |
Net assets acquired |  | 45,202 |  |  | 22,104 |  |  | 67,306 |
Consideration Paid |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash |  |  |  |  |  | 19,046 |
Common stock |  |  |  |  |  | 48,260 |
Total consideration paid |  |  |  |  |  | 67,306 |

The Company has recognized approximately $907,000, pre-tax, of acquisition costs for the Soy Capital Bank acquisition. These costs are included in legal and professional and other expense. Of the$7.9 million fair value adjustment to loans, approximately $7.2 million is being accreted to interest income over the remaining term of the loans. The differences between fair value and acquired value of the assumed time deposits of $(343,000), of the assumed FHLB advances of $(29,000), are being amortized to interest expense over the remaining life of the liabilities. The core deposit intangible asset, with a fair value of $7.3 million, will be amortized on an accelerated basis over its estimated life of 10 years. In addition, the Company recorded a $4.2 million intangible asset for the customer list of Soy Bank's Ag services business line and $8.1 million intangible asset for the customer list for Soy Bank's Insurance business line. These intangibles are being amortized over the estimated life of 12 years and 11 years, respectively.
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The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information presents the results of operations of the Company, including the effects of the purchase accounting adjustments and acquisition expenses, had the Soy Capital Bank acquisition taken place at the beginning of the period (in thousands, except share data):

|  | Twelve months ended December 31, |
|  | 2018 |  | 2017
Net interest income |  | 123,161 |  |  | 105,925 |
Provision for loan losses |  | 8,667 |  |  | 7,462 |
Non-interest income |  | 52,257 |  |  | 47,719 |
Non-interest expense |  | 112,246 |  |  | 100,933 |
Income before income taxes |  | 54,505 |  |  | 45,249 |
Income tax expense |  | 12,711 |  |  | 16,352 |
Net income available to common stockholders |  | $ | 41,794 |  |  | $ | 28,897 |
Earnings per share |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $2.67 |  | $2.08
Diluted |  | $2.67 |  | $2.08
Basic weighted average shares outstanding |  | 15,646,359 |  |  | 13,862,230 |
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding |  | 15,659,818 |  |  | 13,867,105 |

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements do not reflect any anticipated cost savings and revenue enhancements. Accordingly, the pro forma results of operations of the Company as of and after the Soy Capital Bank business combination may not be indicative of the results that actually would have occurred if the combination had been in effect during the periods presented or of the results that may be attained in the future.
First BancTrust Corporation
On December 11, 2017, the Company and Project Hawks Merger Sub LLC (formerly known as Project Hawks Merger Sub Corp.), a newly formed Delaware limited liability company and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (“Hawks Merger Sub”), entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (as amended as of January 18, 2018, the “First Bank Merger Agreement") with First BancTrust Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“First Bank”), pursuant to which, among other things, the Company agreed to acquire 100% of the issued and outstanding shares of First Bank pursuant to a business combination whereby First Bank will merge with and into Hawks Merger Sub, with Hawks Merger Sub as the surviving entity and a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company (the “First Bank Merger”).
At the effective time of the First Bank Merger, each share of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of First Bank issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the First Bank Merger (other than shares held in treasury by First Bank and shares held by stockholders who had properly made and not withdrawn a demand for appraisal rights under Delaware law) converted into and become the right to receive, (a) $5.00 in cash and (b) 0.800 shares of common stock, par value $4.00 per share, of the Company and cash in lieu of fractional shares, less any applicable taxes required to be withheld and subject to certain adjustments, all as set forth in the First Bank Merger Agreement.
On May 1, 2018, the Company issued an aggregate total of 1,643,900 shares of common stock valued at $37.32 per share and paid approximately $10,275,000, including cash in lieu of fractional shares. First Bank’s wholly-owned bank subsidiary, First Bank & Trust, IL (“First Bank & Trust”), merged with and into First Mid Bank on August 10, 2018. At the time of the bank merger, First Bank & Trust’s banking offices became branches of First Mid Bank. As a result of the acquisition, the Company will have an opportunity to increase its deposit base and reduce transaction costs. The Company also expects to reduce costs through economies of scale.
The acquisition was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting in accordance with ASC 805, “Business Combinations ("ASC 805"),” and accordingly the assets and liabilities were recorded at their estimated fair values as of the date of acquisition. Fair values are subject to refinement for up to one year after the closing date of May 1, 2018 as additional information regarding the closing date fair values become available. The total consideration paid was used to determine the amount of goodwill resulting from the transaction. As the total consideration paid exceeded the net assets acquired, goodwill of $26.5 million was recorded for the acquisition. Goodwill recorded in the transaction, which reflects the synergies and economies of scale expected from combining operations and the enhanced revenue opportunities from the Company’s service capabilities, is not tax deductible, and was all assigned to the banking segment of the Company.
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The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of the First Bank acquisition (in thousands).

| Acquired Book Value | Adjustments | As Recorded by First Bank & Trust
Assets |  |  |
Cash & due from banks | $ | 20,598 |  |  | $ | 20,598 |
Investment Securities | 59,906 |  | (320 | ) | 59,586 |
Loans | 371,156 |  | (7,875 | ) | 363,281 |
Allowance for loan losses | (4,412 | ) | 4,412 |  | — |
Other real estate owned | 547 |  | (12 | ) | 535 |
Premises and equipment | 10,126 |  | (689 | ) | 9,437 |
Goodwill | 543 |  | 25,948 |  | 26,491 |
Core deposit intangible | — |  | 5,224 |  | 5,224 |
Other assets | 16,389 |  | (256 | ) | 16,133 |
Total assets acquired | $ | 474,853 |  | $ | 26,432 |  | $ | 501,285 |
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity |  |  |
Deposits | $ | 384,323 |  | $ | 1,301 |  | $ | 385,624 |
FHLB advances | 31,000 |  | (328 | ) | 30,672 |
Subordinated debentures | 6,186 |  | (1,451 | ) | 4,735 |
Other liabilities | 8,665 |  | (36 | ) | 8,629 |
Total liabilities assumed | 430,174 |  | (514 | ) | 429,660 |
Net assets acquired | $ | 44,679 |  | $ | 26,946 |  | $ | 71,625 |
Consideration Paid |  |  |
Cash |  |  | $ | 10,275 |
Common stock |  |  | 61,350 |
Total consideration paid |  |  | $ | 71,625 |

The Company has recognized approximately $7.3 million, pre-tax, of acquisition costs for the First Bank acquisition. These costs are included in legal and professional and other expense. Of the $7.9 million fair value adjustment to loans, approximately $3.6 million is being accreted to interest income over the remaining term of the loans. The differences between fair value and acquired value of the assumed time deposits of $1.3 million, of the assumed FHLB advances of $(328,000) and of the assumed subordinated debentures of $(1,451,000), are being amortized to interest expense over the remaining life of the liabilities. The core deposit intangible asset, with a fair value of $5.2 million, will be amortized on an accelerated basis over its estimated life of 10 years.
The following unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial information presents the results of operations of the Company, including the effects of the purchase accounting adjustments and acquisition expenses, had the First Bank acquisition taken place at the beginning of the period (in thousands, except share data):

|  | Twelve months ended December 31, |
|  | 2018 |  | 2017
Net interest income |  | 117,450 |  |  | 110,990 |
Provision for loan losses |  | 8,867 |  |  | 8,365 |
Non-interest income |  | 36,526 |  |  | 34,060 |
Non-interest expense |  | 94,464 |  |  | 94,843 |
Income before income taxes |  | 50,645 |  |  | 41,842 |
Income tax expense |  | 12,456 |  |  | 15,849 |
Net income available to common stockholders |  | $ | 38,189 |  |  | $ | 25,993 |
Earnings per share |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $2.60 |  | $1.83
Diluted |  | $2.59 |  | $1.83
Basic weighted average shares outstanding |  | 14,704,888 |  |  | 14,175,559 |
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding |  | 14,721,708 |  |  | 14,180,434 |

The unaudited pro forma condensed combined financial statements do not reflect any anticipated cost savings and revenue enhancements. Accordingly, the pro forma results of operations of the Company as of and after the First Bank business combination may not be indicative of the results that actually would have occurred if the combination had been in effect during the periods presented or of the results that may be attained in the future.
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Note 20 -- Leases
The Company has several noncancellable operating leases, primarily for property rental of banking buildings. These leases are for terms from one year to fifteen years and generally contain renewal options for periods ranging from one year to five years. Rental expense for these leases was $2,833,000, $2,720,000 and $2,620,000 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Future minimum lease payments under operating leases are (in thousands):

| Operating Leases |
2019 | $ | 2,880 |
2020 | 2,495 |
2021 | 2,279 |
2022 | 2,223 |
2023 | 2,197 |
Thereafter | 33,255 |
Total minimum lease payments | $ | 45,329 |

Note 21 -- Parent Company Only Financial Statements
Presented below are condensed balance sheets, statements of income and cash flows for the Company (in thousands):

First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc. (Parent Company) |  |  |  |
Balance Sheets |  | December 31,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017
Assets |  |  |  |
Cash |  | $ | 18,571 |  |  | $ | 8,296 |
Premises and equipment, net |  | 3,127 |  |  | 2,654 |
Investment in subsidiaries |  | 498,544 |  |  | 328,830 |
Other assets |  | 4,637 |  |  | 3,555 |
Total Assets |  | $ | 524,879 |  |  | $ | 343,335 |
Liabilities and Stockholders’ equity |  |  |  |  |  |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt |  | 29,000 |  |  | 34,313 |
Other liabilities |  | 20,015 |  |  | 1,058 |
Total Liabilities |  | 49,015 |  |  | 35,371 |
Stockholders’ equity |  | 475,864 |  |  | 307,964 |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ equity |  | $ | 524,879 |  |  | $ | 343,335 |

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First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc. (Parent Company) |  |  |  |  |  |
Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income |  | Years ended December 31,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Income: |  |  |  |  |  |
Dividends from subsidiaries |  | $ | 21,694 |  |  | $ | 18,925 |  |  | $ | 19,475 |
Other income |  | 171 |  |  | 1,227 |  |  | 66 |
Total income |  | 21,865 |  |  | 20,152 |  |  | 19,541 |
Operating expenses |  | 5,424 |  |  | 3,902 |  |  | 3,491 |
Income before income taxes and equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries |  | 16,441 |  |  | 16,250 |  |  | 16,050 |
Income tax benefit |  | 1,274 |  |  | 864 |  |  | 1,073 |
Income before equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries |  | 17,715 |  |  | 17,114 |  |  | 17,123 |
Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries |  | 18,885 |  |  | 9,570 |  |  | 4,717 |
Net income |  | 36,600 |  |  | 26,684 |  |  | 21,840 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes |  | (4,169 | ) |  | 3,525 |  |  | (6,484 | )
Comprehensive income |  | $ | 32,431 |  |  | $ | 30,209 |  |  | $ | 15,356 |

First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc. (Parent Company) |  |  |  |  |  |
Statements of Cash Flows |  | Years ended December 31,
|  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 36,600 |  |  | $ | 26,684 |  |  | $ | 21,840 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation, amortization, accretion, net |  | 90 |  |  | 82 |  |  | 87 |
Dividends received from subsidiary |  | 21,694 |  |  | 18,925 |  |  | 19,475 |
Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiaries |  | (18,885 | ) |  | (9,570 | ) |  | (4,717 | )
Increase in other assets |  | (1,645 | ) |  | (19,348 | ) |  | (111,379 | )
Increase in other liabilities |  | 79 |  |  | 733 |  |  | 153 |
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities |  | 37,933 |  |  | 17,506 |  |  | (74,541 | )
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment in subsidiary |  | (13,430 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5,000 | )
Net cash from business acquisition |  | (29,321 | ) |  | — |  |  | 68,798 |
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities |  | (42,751 | ) |  | — |  |  | 63,798 |
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Repayment of short-term debt |  | — |  |  | (4,000 | ) |  | (3,000 | )
Proceeds from short-term debt |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,000 |
Repayment of long-term debt |  | (10,313 | ) |  | (3,750 | ) |  | (938 | )
Proceeds from long-term debt |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15,000 |
Proceeds from issuance of common stock |  | 36,645 |  |  | 4,399 |  |  | 195 |
Payment to repurchase common stock |  | (138 | ) |  | (797 | ) |  | — |
Direct expense related to capital transactions |  | (2,309 | ) |  | (216 | ) |  | (229 | )
Dividends paid on preferred stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,286 | )
Dividends paid on common stock |  | (8,792 | ) |  | (7,228 | ) |  | (5,277 | )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities |  | 15,093 |  |  | (11,592 | ) |  | 11,465 |
Increase (decrease) in cash |  | 10,275 |  |  | 5,914 |  |  | 722 |
Cash at beginning of year |  | 8,296 |  |  | 2,382 |  |  | 1,660 |
Cash at end of year |  | $ | 18,571 |  |  | $ | 8,296 |  |  | $ | 2,382 |

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Note 22 -- Quarterly Financial Data - Unaudited
The following table presents summarized quarterly data for each of the two years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 (in thousands):

|  | Quarters ended in 2018
|  | March 31 |  | June 30 |  | September 30 |  | December 31
Selected operations data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income |  | $ | 25,158 |  |  | $ | 30,131 |  |  | $ | 33,488 |  |  | $ | 35,788 |
Interest expense |  | 1,963 |  |  | 2,677 |  |  | 3,401 |  |  | 4,786 |
Net interest income |  | 23,195 |  |  | 27,454 |  |  | 30,087 |  |  | 31,002 |
Provision for loan losses |  | 1,055 |  |  | 1,877 |  |  | 2,551 |  |  | 3,184 |
Net interest income after provision for loan losses |  | 22,140 |  |  | 25,577 |  |  | 27,536 |  |  | 27,818 |
Other income |  | 7,487 |  |  | 8,361 |  |  | 7,919 |  |  | 11,647 |
Other expense |  | 18,374 |  |  | 20,796 |  |  | 24,490 |  |  | 26,320 |
Income before income taxes |  | 11,253 |  |  | 13,142 |  |  | 10,965 |  |  | 13,145 |
Income taxes |  | 2,863 |  |  | 3,105 |  |  | 2,731 |  |  | 3,206 |
Net income available to common stockholders |  | $ | 8,390 |  |  | $ | 10,037 |  |  | $ | 8,234 |  |  | $ | 9,939 |
Basic earnings per common share |  | $0.66 |  | $0.72 |  | $0.54 |  | $0.62
Diluted earnings per common share |  | 0.66 |  | 0.72 |  | 0.54 |  | 0.62

|  | Quarters ended in 2017
|  | March 31 |  | June 30 |  | September 30 |  | December 31
Selected operations data: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest income |  | $ | 24,182 |  |  | $ | 25,446 |  |  | $ | 24,614 |  |  | $ | 25,313 |
Interest expense |  | 1,410 |  |  | 1,493 |  |  | 1,741 |  |  | 1,838 |
Net interest income |  | 22,772 |  |  | 23,953 |  |  | 22,873 |  |  | 23,475 |
Provision for loan losses |  | 1,722 |  |  | 1,840 |  |  | 1,489 |  |  | 2,411 |
Net interest income after provision for loan losses |  | 21,050 |  |  | 22,113 |  |  | 21,384 |  |  | 21,064 |
Other income |  | 7,496 |  |  | 7,969 |  |  | 7,661 |  |  | 7,210 |
Other expense |  | 19,202 |  |  | 17,955 |  |  | 17,912 |  |  | 19,152 |
Income before income taxes |  | 9,344 |  |  | 12,127 |  |  | 11,133 |  |  | 9,122 |
Income taxes |  | 3,080 |  |  | 3,927 |  |  | 3,538 |  |  | 4,497 |
Net income |  | 6,264 |  |  | 8,200 |  |  | 7,595 |  |  | 4,625 |
Dividends on preferred shares |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net income available to common stockholders |  | $ | 6,264 |  |  | $ | 8,200 |  |  | $ | 7,595 |  |  | $ | 4,625 |
Basic earnings per common share |  | $ | 0.50 |  |  | $ | 0.66 |  |  | $ | 0.61 |  |  | $ | 0.37 |
Diluted earnings per common share |  | 0.50 |  |  | 0.66 |  |  | 0.61 |  |  | 0.37 |

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Audit Committee, Board of Directors and Stockholders
First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc.
Mattoon, Illinois
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2018, and the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2018, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) and our report dated March 5, 2019, expressed an unqualified opinion.
Basis for Opinion
The financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits.
We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures include examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
We have served as the Company's auditor since 2005.
Decatur, Illinois
March 5, 2019
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ITEM 9. | CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

None.

ITEM 9A. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company’s management carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the chief executive officer and the chief financial officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of December 31, 2018. Based upon that evaluation, the chief executive officer along with the chief financial officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2018, were effective.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
The Company’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Company. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of the Company’s chief executive officer and chief financial officer to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the Company’s financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Management assessed the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 based on the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) in “Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013).” As permitted, the Company excluded the operations of First BancTrust Corporation, acquired on May 1, 2018, and SCB Bancorp Inc., acquired on November 15, 2018, from the scope of the assessment. Based on the assessment, management determined that, as of December 31, 2018, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting is effective, based on those criteria. Management’s assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 has been audited by BKD, LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report following.
March 5, 2019
Joseph R. Dively
President and Chief Executive Officer
Matthew K. Smith
Chief Financial Officer
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the Company’s fourth fiscal quarter of 2018 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Audit Committee, Board of Directors and Stockholders
First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc.
Mattoon, Illinois
Opinion on the Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc.’s (the “Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework: (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).
In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework: (2013) issued by COSO.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated financial statements of the Company and our report dated March 4, 2019 expressed an unqualified opinion.
Basis for Opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s report. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definitions and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
As permitted, the Company excluded the operations of First BancTrust Corporation, acquired on May 1, 2018, and SCB Bancorp, Inc., acquired on November 15, 2018, from the scope of management's report on internal control over financial reporting. As such, these entities have also been excluded from the scope of our audit of internal control over financial reporting.
Decatur, Illinois
March 5, 2019
101

ITEM 9B. | OTHER INFORMATION

None.
PART III

ITEM 10. | DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

The information called for by Item 10 with respect to directors and director nominees is incorporated by reference to the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of the Company’s shareholders under the captions “Proposal 1 – Election of Directors,” “Corporate Governance Matters” and “Section 16 – Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance.”
The information called for by Item 10 with respect to executive officers is incorporated by reference to Part I hereof under the caption “Supplemental Item – Executive Officers of the Company” and to the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of the Company’s shareholders under the caption “Section 16 – Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance.”
The information called for by Item 10 with respect to audit committee financial expert is incorporated by reference to the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of the Company’s shareholders under the captions “Audit Committee” and “Report of the Audit Committee to the Board of Directors.”
The information called for by Item 10 with respect to corporate governance is incorporated by reference to the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of the Company’s shareholders under the caption “Corporate Governance Matters.”
The Company has adopted a code of conduct for directors, officers, and employees including senior financial management of the Company. This code of conduct is posted on the Company’s website. In the event that the Company amends or waives any provisions of this code of conduct, the Company intends to disclose the same on its website at www.firstmid.com.

ITEM 11. | EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information called for by Item 11 is incorporated by reference to the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of the Company’s shareholders under the captions “Executive Compensation,” “Non-qualified Deferred Compensation,” "Potential Payments Upon Termination or Change in Control of the Company,” “Director Compensation,” "Corporate Governance Matters – Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” and “Compensation Committee Report.”
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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
The information called for by Item 12 with respect to equity compensation plans is provided in the table below.

|  | Equity Compensation Plan Information |
Plan category |  | Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options (a) |  |  | Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options (b) |  |  | Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (c) |
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
(A) Deferred Compensation Plan |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 339,228 |  | (1)
(B) Stock Incentive Plan |  | — |  | (2) |  | $ | — |  | (3) |  | 113,378 |  | (4)
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders (5) |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |
Total |  | — |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | 452,606 |  |

(1) | Consists of shares issuable with respect to participant deferral contributions invested in common stock.

(2) | Consists of stock options.

(3) | Represents the weighted-average exercise price of outstanding stock options.

(4) | Consists of stock options, restricted stock and/or restricted stock units.

(5) | The Company does not maintain any equity compensation plans not approved by stockholders.

The Company’s equity compensation plans approved by security holders consist of the Deferred Compensation Plan and the Stock Incentive Plan. Additional information regarding each plan is available in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Stock Plans” and Note 13 – Stock Incentive Plan herein.
The information called for by Item 12 with respect to security ownership is incorporated by reference to the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of the Company’s shareholders under the caption “Voting Securities and Principal Holders Thereof.”

ITEM 13. | CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information called for by Item 13 is incorporated by reference to the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of the Company’s shareholders under the captions “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” and “Corporate Governance Matters – Board of Directors.”

ITEM 14. | PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES

The information called for by Item 14 is incorporated by reference to the Company’s Proxy Statement for the 2019 Annual Meeting of the Company’s shareholders under the caption “Fees of Independent Auditors.”
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PART IV

ITEM 15. | EXHIBIT AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a)(1) and (2) -- Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules
The following consolidated financial statements and financial statement schedules of the Company are filed as part of this document under Item 8.
Financial Statements and Supplementary Data:

• | Consolidated Balance Sheets -- December 31, 2018 and 2017

• | Consolidated Statements of Income -- For the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016

• | Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income -- For the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016

• | Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity -- For the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016

• | Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows -- For the Years Ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016.

(a)(3) – Exhibits
The exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K and filed herewith are listed in the Exhibit Index that follows the Signature Page and immediately precedes the exhibits filed.

ITEM 16. | FORM 10-K SUMMARY

None.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
FIRST MID-ILLINOIS BANCSHARES, INC.
(Registrant)
Date: March 5, 2019
Joseph R. Dively
President and Chief Executive Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below on the 2nd day of March 2018, by the following persons on behalf of the Company and in the capacities listed.
Signature and Title
Joseph R. Dively, Chairman of the Board,
President and Chief Executive Officer and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
Matthew K. Smith, Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
Holly A. Bailey, Director
Robert Cook, Director
Steven L. Grissom, Director
Gary W. Melvin, Director
Ray A. Sparks, Director
Mary J. Westerhold, Director
James Zimmer, Director
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| Exhibit Index to Annual Report on Form 10-K
Exhibit Number | Description and Filing or Incorporation Reference
2.1 | Agreement and Plan of Merger by and between First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc. and First Clover Leaf Financial Corp., dated as of April 26, 2016 Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 26, 2016.
2.2 | First Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger by and between First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc. and First Clover Leaf Financial Corp., dated as of June 6, 2016 Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.2 to the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed August 5, 2016.
2.3 | Agreement and Plan of Merger by and between First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc. and Project Hawks Merger Sub LLC and First BancTrust Corporation, dated December 11, 2017 Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 12, 2017.
2.4 | First Amendment to Agreement and Plan of Merger by and between First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc. and Project Hawks Merger Sub LLC and First BancTrust Corporation, dated January 18, 2018 Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 19, 2018.
2.5 | Agreement and Plan of Merger by and between First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc. and Project Almond Merger Sub LLC and SCB Bancorp, Inc, dated June 12, 2018 Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 12, 2018.
3.1 | Restated Certificate of Incorporation of First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 26, 2018.
3.2 | Amended and Restated Bylaws of First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc. Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on November 14, 2007.
4.1 | The Registrant agrees to furnish to the Commission, upon request, a copy of each instrument with respect to issues of long-term debt involving a total amount which does not exceed 10% of the total assets of the Registrant and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.
10.1 | Sales Agency Agreement, dated August 16, 2017, by and among the Company, Sandler O'Neill & Partners, and FIG Partners, LLC Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc.'s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on August 17, 2017.
10.2 | Amended and Restated Employment Agreement between the Company and Joseph R. Dively Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 2, 2017.
10.3 | Employment Agreement between the Company and Michael L. Taylor Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 27, 2017.
10.4 | Employment Agreement between the Company and Matthew K. Smith Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on July 27, 2017.
10.5 | Employment Agreement between the Company and Laurel G. Allenbaugh Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 28, 2015.
10.6 | Employment Agreement between the Company and Eric S. McRae Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.7 to First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
10.7 | Employment Agreement between the Company and Bradley L. Beesley Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc.'s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.
10.8 | First Amendment to the First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc. Amended and Restated Deferred Compensation Plan Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 26, 2018.
10.9 | 2017 Stock Incentive Plan Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 1, 2017.
10.10 | Form of 2017 Incentive Plan Stock Unit Agreement Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 25, 2017.
10.11 | Form Agreement to Accelerate the Vesting of the First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc. Stock Unit Awards Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 19, 2017.
10.12 | Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 29, 2018.

106

| Exhibit Index to Annual Report on Form 10-K
Exhibit Number | Description and Filing or Incorporation Reference
10.13 | Form of Stock Unit/Restricted Stock Award Agreement Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on January 29, 2018.
10.14 | 2007 Stock Incentive Plan Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on May 23, 2007.
10.15 | First Amendment to 2007 Stock Incentive Plan Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the for the year ended December 31, 2009.
10.16 | Form of 2007 Stock Incentive Plan Stock Option Agreement Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on December 12, 2007.
10.17 | Form of Stock Award/Stock Unit Award Agreement Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 27, 2011.
10.18 | Form of Stock Unit Award Agreement Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on September 27, 2011.
10.19 | Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the for the year ended December 31, 2005.
10.20 | First Amendment to Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the for the year ended December 31, 2005.
10.21 | Participation Agreement (as Amended and Restated) to Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan between the Company and William S. Rowland Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005.
10.22 | Description of Incentive Compensation Plan Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.22 to First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.
10.23 | Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 13, 2018.
10.24 | First Amendment to Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 23, 2018.
11.1 | Statement re: Computation of Earnings Per Share Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 11.1 to First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
21.1 | Subsidiaries of the Company Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21.1 to First Mid-Illinois Bancshares, Inc.’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
23.1 | Consent of BKD LLP (Filed herewith)
31.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Filed herewith)
31.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Filed herewith)
32.1 | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Filed herewith)
32.2 | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (Filed herewith)

107