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INCOME AND MINING TAXES (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
INCOME AND MINING TAXES.  
Schedule of deferred income tax recovery (expense)

    

2020

    

2019

    

2018

United States

$

817

$

2,420

$

2,185

Foreign

573

1,424

585

Deferred tax benefit

$

1,390

$

3,844

$

2,770

Schedule of net income (loss) before tax

2020

    

2019

2018

United States

$

(127,524)

$

(22,319)

$

(27,001)

Foreign

(26,191)

(41,272)

(20,639)

Loss before income and mining taxes

$

(153,715)

$

(63,591)

$

(47,640)

Schedule of reconciliation of tax provision at statutory U.S. Federal and State income tax rates to actual tax provision recorded in financial statements

Expected tax recovery at

    

2020

    

2019

    

2018

Loss before income and mining taxes

$

(153,715)

$

(63,591)

$

(47,640)

Statutory tax rate

21%

21%

21%

US Federal and State tax expense at statutory rate

(32,280)

(13,354)

(10,004)

Reconciling items:

Equity pickup in MSC

 

374

 

2,626

 

2,966

Deferred foreign income inclusion

 

795

 

598

 

5,963

Realized flow-through expenditures

496

3,150

2,100

Realized flow-through premium

(338)

(2,954)

(1,675)

Tax rate changes

(147)

976

 

Adjustment for foreign tax rates

 

(2,043)

 

(200)

 

40

Other permanent differences

 

(7,062)

 

8,540

 

4,419

Unrealized foreign exchange rate (loss)/gain

 

4,663

 

(1,095)

 

(6,935)

NOL expires and revisions

 

1,066

 

810

 

(120)

Valuation allowance

 

33,086

 

(2,941)

 

476

Income and mining tax recovery

$

(1,390)

$

(3,844)

$

(2,770)

Schedule of tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of the deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities

    

2020

    

2019

 

Deferred tax assets:

Net operating loss carryforward

$

66,085

$

57,667

Mineral Properties

 

66,038

 

60,299

Other temporary differences

 

30,999

 

14,356

Total gross deferred tax assets

 

163,122

 

132,322

Less: valuation allowance

 

(154,298)

 

(121,212)

Net deferred tax assets

$

8,824

$

11,110

Deferred tax liabilities:

Acquired mineral property interests

(12,637)

(16,024)

Total deferred tax liabilities

$

(12,637)

$

(16,024)

Deferred income and mining tax liability

$

(3,813)

$

(4,914)

Summary of changes in valuation allowance

For the year ended December 31,

    

Balance at
beginning of year

    

Additions(a)

    

Deductions(b)

    

Balance at
end of year

2020

$

121,212

$

39,794

$

(6,708)

$

154,298

2019

124,153

2,104

(5,045)

121,212

2018

123,648

12,232

(11,727)

124,153

(a)The additions to valuation allowance mainly result from the Company and its subsidiaries incurring losses and exploration expenses for tax purposes which do not meet the more-likely-than-not criterion for recognition of deferred tax assets.
(b)The reductions to valuation allowance mainly result from release of valuation allowance, expiration of the Company’s tax attributes, foreign exchange reductions of tax attributes in Canada, Mexico and Argentina and inflationary adjustments to tax attributes in Argentina.
Summary of losses that can be applied against future taxable profit

Country

    

Type of Loss

    

Amount

    

Expiry Period

United States(a)

Net-operating losses

$

167,784

2027-Unlimited

Mexico

Net-operating losses

37,117

2022-2030

Canada(a)

Net-operating losses

35,888

2025-2040

Argentina(a)

Net-operating losses

41,522

2021-2025

(a)The losses in the United States, Canada, and Argentina are part of multiple consolidating groups, and therefore, may be restricted in use to specific projects.