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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2023

OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number 001-38343

TARGET HOSPITALITY CORP.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware | ​ | ​ | 98-1378631
(State or other jurisdiction of | ​ | ​ | (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) | ​ | ​ | Identification No.)

​

9320 Lakeside Boulevard, Suite 300

The Woodlands, TX 77381

(Address, including zip code, of principal executive offices)

​

(800) 832-4242

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

​ | ​ | ​
Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which is registered
Common stock, par value $0.0001 per share | TH | NASDAQ Capital Market
Warrants to purchase common stock | THWWW | NASDAQ Capital Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ | Accelerated filer ☒
Non-accelerated filer ☐ | Smaller reporting company ☐
| Emerging growth company ☒

​

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ⌧.

There were 101,374,268 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share, outstanding as of May 5, 2023.

​

​

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Table of Contents

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Target Hospitality Corp.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

FORM 10-Q

​

March 31, 2023

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 5
Item 1. Financial Statements | 5
Consolidated Balance Sheets | 5
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income | 6
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity | 7
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 8
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements | 9
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 31
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 44
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | 44
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION | 45
Item 1. Legal Proceedings | 45
Item 1A. Risk Factors | 45
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 45
Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities | 45
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures | 46
Item 5. Other Information | 46
Item 6. Exhibits | 46
SIGNATURES | 47
​ | ​

​

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Table of Contents

​

UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED F INANCIAL STATEMENTS

​

Target Hospitality Corp.

Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 and for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022

​

​

​

Table of Contents

Target Hospitality Corp.

Unaudited Consolid ated Financial Statements

Contents

Consolidated Financial Statements | ​
​ | ​
Consolidated Balance Sheets | 5
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income | 6
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity | 7
Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 8
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements | 9

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Table of Contents

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

​

Target Hospitality Corp.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

($ in thousands)

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | March 31, | ​ | December 31,
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Assets |  | ​ | (Unaudited) |  | ​ | ​
Current assets: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Cash and cash equivalents | ​ | $ | 42,438 | ​ | $ | 181,673
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts of $282 and $4, respectively | ​ |  | 52,786 | ​ |  | 42,153
Prepaid expenses and other assets | ​ |  | 7,927 | ​ |  | 12,553
Total current assets | ​ |  | 103,151 | ​ |  | 236,379
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Specialty rental assets, net | ​ |  | 369,761 | ​ |  | 357,129
Other property, plant and equipment, net | ​ |  | 32,989 | ​ |  | 31,898
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net | ​ | ​ | 23,120 | ​ | ​ | 27,298
Goodwill | ​ |  | 41,038 | ​ |  | 41,038
Other intangible assets, net | ​ |  | 76,394 | ​ |  | 75,182
Deferred financing costs revolver, net | ​ |  | 1,604 | ​ |  | 896
Other non-current assets | ​ | ​ | 1,561 | ​ | ​ | 1,907
Total assets | ​ | $ | 649,618 | ​ | $ | 771,727
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Liabilities | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Current liabilities: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Accounts payable | ​ | $ | 26,908 | ​ | $ | 17,563
Accrued liabilities | ​ |  | 29,195 | ​ |  | 39,642
Deferred revenue and customer deposits | ​ |  | 85,503 | ​ |  | 120,040
Current portion of operating lease obligations | ​ | ​ | 10,690 | ​ | ​ | 12,516
Current portion of finance lease and other financing obligations (Note 8) | ​ |  | 1,236 | ​ |  | 1,135
Current warrant liabilities | ​ | ​ | 6,026 | ​ | ​ | —
Current portion of long-term debt, net (Note 8) | ​ | ​ | 206,704 | ​ | ​ | —
Total current liabilities | ​ |  | 366,262 | ​ |  | 190,896
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Other liabilities: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Long-term debt (Note 8): | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Principal amount | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 334,500
Less: unamortized original issue discount | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (971)
Less: unamortized term loan deferred financing costs | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (4,681)
Long-term debt, net | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 328,848
Long-term finance lease and other financing obligations | ​ | ​ | 1,175 | ​ | ​ | 1,088
Long-term operating lease obligations | ​ | ​ | 10,116 | ​ | ​ | 11,104
Other non-current liabilities | ​ |  | 72 | ​ |  | 6,309
Deferred revenue and customer deposits | ​ |  | 5,031 | ​ |  | 5,479
Deferred tax liability | ​ | ​ | 23,060 | ​ | ​ | 15,172
Asset retirement obligations | ​ |  | 2,290 | ​ |  | 2,247
Warrant liabilities | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 9,737
Total liabilities | ​ |  | 408,006 | ​ |  | 570,880
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12) | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Stockholders' equity: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Common Stock, $0.0001 par, 400,000,000 authorized, 110,804,123 issued and 101,373,458 outstanding as of March 31, 2023 and 109,747,366 issued and 100,316,701 outstanding as of December 31, 2022. | ​ | ​ | 10 | ​ | ​ | 10
Common Stock in treasury at cost, 9,430,665 shares as of March 31, 2023 and as of December 31, 2022. | ​ | ​ | (23,559) | ​ | ​ | (23,559)
Additional paid-in-capital | ​ |  | 136,516 | ​ |  | 139,287
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ​ |  | (2,595) | ​ |  | (2,574)
Accumulated earnings | ​ |  | 131,240 | ​ |  | 87,683
Total stockholders' equity | ​ |  | 241,612 | ​ |  | 200,847
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | ​ | $ | 649,618 | ​ | $ | 771,727

​

​

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

​

​

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Target Hospitality Corp.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

($ in thousands, except per share amounts)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | For the Three Months Ended
​ | ​ | March 31,
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Revenue: |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Services income | ​ | $ | 94,836 | ​ | $ | 58,675
Specialty rental income | ​ |  | 52,983 | ​ |  | 21,660
Total revenue | ​ |  | 147,819 | ​ |  | 80,335
Costs: | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Services | ​ |  | 39,700 | ​ |  | 34,691
Specialty rental | ​ |  | 8,559 | ​ |  | 4,928
Depreciation of specialty rental assets | ​ |  | 17,597 | ​ |  | 12,800
Gross profit | ​ |  | 81,963 | ​ |  | 27,916
Selling, general and administrative | ​ |  | 15,199 | ​ |  | 11,759
Other depreciation and amortization | ​ |  | 3,803 | ​ |  | 3,995
Other expense (income), net | ​ |  | 1,004 | ​ |  | (219)
Operating income | ​ |  | 61,957 | ​ |  | 12,381
Loss on extinguishment of debt | ​ | ​ | 2,128 | ​ | ​ | —
Interest expense, net | ​ |  | 7,498 | ​ |  | 9,572
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities | ​ | ​ | (3,711) | ​ | ​ | 1,227
Income before income tax | ​ |  | 56,042 | ​ |  | 1,582
Income tax expense | ​ |  | 12,217 | ​ |  | 1,088
Net income | ​ |  | 43,825 | ​ |  | 494
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities | ​ | ​ | (3,711) | ​ | ​ | 1,227
Net income attributable to common stockholders - diluted | ​ | ​ | 40,114 | ​ | ​ | 1,721
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Other comprehensive loss | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​
Foreign currency translation | ​ |  | (21) | ​ |  | (18)
Comprehensive income | ​ | $ | 43,804 | ​ | $ | 476
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Weighted average number shares outstanding - basic | ​ |  | 100,643,271 | ​ |  | 96,936,785
Weighted average number shares outstanding - diluted | ​ | ​ | 106,257,448 | ​ | ​ | 96,936,785
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net income per share - basic | ​ | $ | 0.44 | ​ | $ | 0.01
Net income per share - diluted | ​ | $ | 0.38 | ​ | $ | 0.01

​

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements

​

​

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Target Hospitality Corp.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022

($ in thousands)

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Common Stock | ​ | Common Stock in Treasury | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Shares | ​ | Amount |  | Shares | ​ | Amount |  | Additional Paid In Capital |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  | Accumulated Earnings |  | Total Stockholders' Equity
Balances at December 31, 2021 | ​ | 101,952,683 | ​ | $ | 10 | ​ | 4,414,767 | ​ | $ | (23,559) | ​ | $ | 109,538 | ​ | $ | (2,462) | ​ | $ | 13,744 | ​ | $ | 97,271
Net income | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 494 | ​ | ​ | 494
Stock-based compensation | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 560 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 560
Cancelled common stock | ​ | (5,015,898) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | 5,015,898 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | —
Cumulative translation adjustment | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (18) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (18)
Balances at March 31, 2022 | ​ | 96,936,785 | ​ | $ | 10 | ​ | 9,430,665 | ​ | $ | (23,559) | ​ | $ | 110,098 | ​ | $ | (2,480) | ​ | $ | 14,238 | ​ | $ | 98,307
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Balances at December 31, 2022 | ​ | 100,316,701 | ​ | $ | 10 | ​ | 9,430,665 | ​ | $ | (23,559) | ​ | $ | 139,287 | ​ | $ | (2,574) | ​ | $ | 87,683 | ​ | $ | 200,847
Adoption of ASC 326 (Note 1) | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (268) | ​ | ​ | (268)
Balances at January 1, 2023 | ​ | 100,316,701 | ​ | $ | 10 | ​ | 9,430,665 | ​ | $ | (23,559) | ​ | $ | 139,287 | ​ | $ | (2,574) | ​ | $ | 87,415 | ​ | $ | 200,579
Net income | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 43,825 | ​ | ​ | 43,825
Stock-based compensation, net | ​ | 643,662 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 2,112 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 2,112
Tax withholdings related to net share settlement of equity awards | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (6,177) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (6,177)
Cumulative translation adjustment | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (21) | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (21)
Issuance of Common Stock from exercise of warrants | ​ | 2,869 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 42 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 42
Issuance of Common Stock from exercise of stock options | ​ | 410,226 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,252 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,252
Balances at March 31, 2023 | ​ | 101,373,458 | ​ | $ | 10 | ​ | 9,430,665 | ​ | $ | (23,559) | ​ | $ | 136,516 | ​ | $ | (2,595) | ​ | $ | 131,240 | ​ | $ | 241,612

​

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

​

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Target Hospitality Corp.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

($ in thousands)

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | For the Three Months Ended
​ | ​ | March 31,
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Cash flows from operating activities: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ | ​
Net income | ​ | $ | 43,825 | ​ | $ | 494
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities: | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  |
Depreciation | ​ |  | 18,065 | ​ |  | 13,159
Amortization of intangible assets | ​ |  | 3,335 | ​ |  | 3,636
Noncash operating lease expense | ​ | ​ | 4,718 | ​ | ​ | —
Accretion of asset retirement obligation | ​ |  | 43 | ​ |  | 25
Amortization of deferred financing costs | ​ |  | 1,090 | ​ |  | 1,136
Amortization of original issue discount | ​ | ​ | 193 | ​ | ​ | 171
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities | ​ | ​ | (3,711) | ​ | ​ | 1,227
Stock-based compensation expense | ​ | ​ | 5,646 | ​ | ​ | 3,337
Gain on disposal of specialty rental assets and other property, plant and equipment | ​ | ​ | (104) | ​ | ​ | (125)
Loss on extinguishment of debt | ​ | ​ | 2,128 | ​ | ​ | —
Deferred income taxes | ​ |  | 7,888 | ​ |  | 725
Provision for loss on receivables, net of recoveries | ​ | ​ | 99 | ​ | ​ | 60
Changes in operating assets and liabilities | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Accounts receivable | ​ |  | (11,005) | ​ |  | (12,780)
Prepaid expenses and other assets | ​ |  | 4,629 | ​ |  | 1,060
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities | ​ |  | (24,294) | ​ |  | (17,591)
Deferred revenue and customer deposits | ​ |  | (34,985) | ​ |  | (25,626)
Operating lease obligation | ​ | ​ | (3,354) | ​ | ​ | —
Other non-current assets and liabilities | ​ |  | 323 | ​ |  | 512
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | ​ |  | 14,529 | ​ |  | (30,580)
Cash flows from investing activities: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Purchase of specialty rental assets | ​ |  | (23,002) | ​ |  | (2,843)
Purchase of property, plant, and equipment | ​ |  | (1,015) | ​ |  | (117)
Acquired intangible assets | ​ | ​ | (4,547) | ​ | ​ | —
Proceeds from sale of specialty rental assets and other property, plant and equipment | ​ | ​ | 119 | ​ | ​ | 125
Net cash used in investing activities | ​ |  | (28,445) | ​ |  | (2,835)
Cash flows from financing activities: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Principal payments on finance and finance lease obligations | ​ |  | (356) | ​ |  | (169)
Proceeds from borrowings on ABL | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 16,000
Repayment of Senior Notes | ​ | ​ | (125,000) | ​ | ​ | —
Proceeds from issuance of Common Stock from exercise of warrants | ​ | ​ | 42 | ​ | ​ | —
Proceeds from issuance of Common Stock from exercise of options | ​ | ​ | 1,252 | ​ | ​ | —
Payment of deferred financing costs | ​ | ​ | (1,263) | ​ | ​ | —
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | ​ |  | (125,325) | ​ |  | 15,831
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​ | ​ | 2
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | ​ |  | (139,235) | ​ |  | (17,582)
Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of period | ​ |  | 181,673 | ​ |  | 23,406
Cash and cash equivalents - end of period | ​ | $ | 42,438 | ​ | $ | 5,824
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Non-cash investing and financing activity: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Non-cash change in accrued capital expenditures | ​ | $ | (7,243) | ​ | $ | (52)
Non-cash change in accrual of tax withholdings for net share settlement of equity awards | ​ | $ | (6,177) | ​ | $ | —
Non-cash change in finance lease obligations | ​ | $ | (562) | ​ | $ | (463)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

​

See accompanying notes to the unaudited consolidated financial statements.

​

​

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Target Hospitality Corp.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

(Amounts in Thousands, Unless Stated Otherwise)

1. Organization and Nature of Operations, Basis of Presentation, and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Organization and Nature of Operations

Target Hospitality Corp. (“Target Hospitality” and, together with its subsidiaries, the “Company”) was formed on March 15, 2019 and is one of North America’s largest providers of vertically integrated specialty rental and value-added hospitality services. The Company provides vertically integrated specialty rental and comprehensive hospitality services including: catering and food services, maintenance, housekeeping, grounds-keeping, security, health and recreation services, overall workforce community management, and laundry service. Target Hospitality serves clients in the natural resources development and government sectors principally located in the West Texas, South Texas, New Mexico and Midwest regions.

The Company, whose securities are listed on the Nasdaq Capital Market, together with its wholly owned subsidiaries, Topaz Holdings LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Topaz”), and Arrow Bidco, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Arrow Bidco”), serve as the holding companies for the businesses of Target Logistics Management, LLC and its subsidiaries (“Target”) and RL Signor Holdings, LLC (“Signor”). TDR Capital LLP indirectly owns approximately 64% of Target Hospitality and the remaining ownership is broken out among the founders of the Company’s legal predecessor, Platinum Eagle Acquisition Corp. (“Platinum Eagle” or “PEAC”), investors who purchased the shares of Platinum Eagle in a private placement transaction, and other public shareholders.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) pertaining to interim financial information. Certain information in footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“US GAAP”) has been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations. The financial statements included in this report should be read in conjunction with Target Hospitality’s Annual Report on the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 (the “2022 Form 10-K”).

The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the operating results that may be expected for the full fiscal year ending December 31, 2023 or any future period.

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, consisting of only normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of financial position as of March 31, 2023, and results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, and cash flows for three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. The consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022, was derived from the audited consolidated balance sheets of Target Hospitality but does not contain all of the footnote disclosures from those annual financial statements.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires the use of estimates and assumptions by management in determining the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. If the underlying estimates and assumptions upon which the financial statements are based change in future periods, actual amounts may differ from those included in the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Principles of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of the Company and its subsidiaries that it controls due to ownership of a majority voting interest. Subsidiaries are fully consolidated from the date of acquisition, being the

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date on which the Company obtains control, and continue to be consolidated until the date when such control ceases. The financial statements of the subsidiaries are prepared for the same reporting period as the Company. All intercompany balances and transactions are eliminated.

Revenue Recognition

The Company derives revenue from specialty rental and hospitality services, specifically lodging and related ancillary services. Revenue is recognized in the period in which lodging and services are provided pursuant to the terms of contractual relationships with the customers. Certain arrangements contain a lease of lodging facilities to customers. The leases are accounted for as an operating lease under the authoritative guidance for leases and are recognized as income is earned over the term of the lease agreement.

Because performance obligations related to specialty rental and hospitality services are satisfied over time, the majority of our revenue is recognized evenly over the contractual term of the arrangement, based on a contractual fixed minimum amount and defined period of performance. Some of our revenue is recognized on a daily basis, for each night a customer stays, at a contractual day rate. Our customers typically contract for accommodation services under committed contracts with terms that most often range from several months to three years. Our payment terms vary by type and location of our customer and the service offered. The time between invoicing and when payment is due is not significant.

When lodging and services are billed and collected in advance, recognition of revenue is deferred until services are rendered.

Cost of services includes labor, food, utilities, supplies, rent and other direct costs associated with operating the lodging units as well as costs associated with construction services. Cost of rental includes leasing costs and other direct costs of maintaining the lodging units. Costs associated with contracts include sales commissions which are expensed as incurred and reflected in selling, general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Additionally, the Company collects sales, use, occupancy and similar taxes, which the Company presents on a net basis (excluded from revenues) in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (ASU 2016-13, Topic 326, or ASC 326). This new standard changes how companies account for credit impairment for trade and other receivables as well as changing the measurement of credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. ASU 2016-13 replaced the prior "incurred loss" model with an "expected loss" model. Under the "incurred loss" model, a loss (or allowance) is recognized only when an event has occurred (such as a payment delinquency) that causes the entity to believe that a loss is probable (i.e., that it has been "incurred"). Under the "expected loss" model, a loss (or allowance) is recognized upon initial recognition of the asset that reflects all future events that leads to a loss being realized, regardless of whether it is probable that the future event will occur. The "incurred loss" model considers past events and current conditions, while the "expected loss" model includes expectations for the future which have yet to occur. ASU 2018-19, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, was issued in November 2018 and excludes operating leases from the new guidance. In 2019, the FASB voted to delay the effective date for the new standard for financial statements issued to reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022 and interim periods within those reporting periods. The Company adopted ASC 326, along with its related clarifications and amendments, on the effective date of January 1, 2023, using the modified retrospective approach for trade accounts receivable, which resulted in a cumulative-effect adjustment resulting in a decrease to accumulated earnings of approximately $0.3 million. Results for reporting periods prior to 2023 continue to be presented in accordance with previously applicable GAAP, while results for subsequent reporting periods are presented under ASC 326.

​

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The following table presents the impact of the adoption of ASC 326 on the consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2023:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Balance | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Balance
​ |  | Pre-Adoption | ​ | Adjustments |  | Post-Adoption
Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts | ​ | $ | 42,153 | ​ | $ | (268) | ​ | $ | 41,885
Accumulated earnings | ​ | $ | 87,683 | ​ | $ | (268) | ​ | $ | 87,415

​

​

​

2. Revenue

Total revenue recognized under Topic 606 was $94.8 million and $58.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, while specialty rental income was $53.0 million and $21.7 million subject to the guidance of ASC 842 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

The following table disaggregates our services income by our two reportable segments as well as the All Other category: Hospitality and Facility Services – South (“HFS – South”), Government, and All Other for the dates indicated below:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | For the Three Months Ended
​ | ​ | March 31,
​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022
HFS – South | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Services income | ​ | $ | 34,288 | ​ | $ | 30,123
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Government | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Services income | ​ | $ | 58,004 | ​ | $ | 26,583
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
All Other | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Services income | ​ | $ | 2,544 | ​ | $ | 1,969
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total services revenues | ​ | $ | 94,836 | ​ | $ | 58,675

​

Refer to Note 17 – Business Segments, for a discussion of the change in our reportable segments, which was applied to all comparison periods, including the above table.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company maintains allowances for credit losses. These allowances reflect our estimate of the amount of our receivables that we will be unable to collect based on historical write-off experience and, as applicable, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect collectability. Our estimate could require change based on changing circumstances, including changes in the economy or in the circumstances of individual customers.

Contract Assets and Liabilities

We do not have any contract assets.

Contract liabilities primarily consist of deferred revenue that represent payments for room nights that the customer may use in the future as well as advanced payments for community builds, and mobilization of asset activities related to

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community expansions that are being recognized over the related contract period. Activity in the deferred revenue accounts as of the dates indicated below was as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | For Three Months Ended
​ | ​ | March 31,
​ |  | 2023 | ​ | 2022
Balances at Beginning of the Period | ​ | $ | 125,519 | ​ | $ | 34,411
Additions to deferred revenue | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 1,711
Revenue recognized | ​ |  | (34,985) | ​ |  | (27,337)
Balances at End of the Period | ​ | $ | 90,534 | ​ | $ | 8,785

​

As of March 31, 2023, for contracts greater than one year, the following table discloses the estimated revenues related to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) and when we expect to recognize the revenue, and only represents revenue expected to be recognized from contracts where the price and quantity of the product or service are fixed:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | For the Years Ended December 31,
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2024 | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2026 | ​ | 2027 |  | Total
Revenue expected to be recognized as of March 31, 2023 | ​ | $ | 143,769 | ​ | $ | 35,495 | ​ | $ | 18,775 | ​ | $ | 14,044 | ​ | $ | - | ​ | $ | 212,083

​

The Company applied some of the practical expedients in Topic 606, including the “right to invoice” practical expedient, and does not disclose consideration for remaining performance obligations with an original expected duration of one year or less or for variable consideration related to unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) performance obligations for contracts without minimum revenue commitments. Due to the application of these practical expedients, the table above represents only a portion of the Company’s expected future consolidated revenues and it is not necessarily indicative of the expected trend in total revenues.

​

3. Specialty Rental Assets, Net

Specialty rental assets, net at the dates indicated below consisted of the following:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | March 31, | ​ | December 31,
​ | ​ | 2023 |  | 2022
Specialty rental assets | ​ | $ | 710,085 | ​ | $ | 698,095
Construction-in-process | ​ |  | 14,263 | ​ |  | 4,653
Less: accumulated depreciation | ​ |  | (354,587) | ​ |  | (345,619)
Specialty rental assets, net | ​ | $ | 369,761 | ​ | $ | 357,129

​

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, depreciation expense of specialty rental assets was $17.6 million and $12.8 million, respectively, and is included in depreciation of specialty rental assets in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company disposed of assets with accumulated depreciation of approximately $8.6 million along with the related gross cost of approximately $8.6 million. These disposals were associated with fully depreciated asset retirement costs as well as a sale of assets. The asset disposal resulted in disposal costs of approximately $1.2 million while the sale resulted in a gain on the sale of assets of approximately $0.1 million and is reported within other expense (income), net in the accompanying consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

​

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company purchased a group of assets consisting of land, specialty rental assets (modular units, site work, and furniture & fixtures) and intangibles for approximately $18.6 million, of which approximately $13.2 million is included within this assets group, to support growth of the HFS – South segment discussed in Note 17, which was funded by cash on hand. The acquisition was accounted for as an asset acquisition. The Company allocated the total purchase price to identifiable tangible and intangible assets based on their relative fair values, which resulted in the entire purchase price being allocated to land, specialty rental assets and intangible assets.

​

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4. Other Property, Plant and Equipment, Net

Other property, plant and equipment, net at the dates indicated below, consisted of the following:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | March 31, | ​ | December 31,
​ | ​ | 2023 |  | 2022
Land | ​ | $ | 29,391 | ​ | $ | 28,483
Buildings and leasehold improvements | ​ |  | 798 | ​ |  | 769
Machinery and office equipment | ​ |  | 1,632 | ​ |  | 1,581
Other | ​ |  | 7,884 | ​ |  | 7,341
​ | ​ |  | 39,705 | ​ |  | 38,174
Less: accumulated depreciation | ​ |  | (6,716) | ​ |  | (6,276)
Total other property, plant and equipment, net | ​ | $ | 32,989 | ​ | $ | 31,898

​

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, depreciation expense related to other property, plant and equipment was $0.5 million and $0.4 million, respectively, and is included in other depreciation and amortization in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

​

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company purchased a group of assets consisting of land, specialty rental assets (modular units, site work, and furniture & fixtures) and intangibles for approximately $18.6 million, of which approximately $0.9 million is included within this assets group related to the land portion of the acquisition, to support growth of the HFS – South segment discussed in Note 17, which was funded by cash on hand. The acquisition was accounted for as an asset acquisition. The Company allocated the total purchase price to identifiable tangible and intangible assets based on their relative fair values, which resulted in the entire purchase price being allocated to land, specialty rental assets and intangible assets.

​

5. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, net

The financial statements reflect goodwill from previous acquisitions that is all attributable to the HFS – South business segment and reporting unit.

Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill were as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | HFS - South
Balance at January 1, 2022 | ​ | $ | 41,038
Changes in Goodwill | ​ | ​ | -
Balance at December 31, 2022 | ​ | ​ | 41,038
Changes in Goodwill | ​ | ​ | -
Balance at March 31, 2023 | ​ | $ | 41,038

​

Intangible assets other than goodwill at the dates indicated below consisted of the following:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | March 31, 2023
​ | ​ | Weighted | ​ | Gross | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | average | ​ | Carrying | ​ | Accumulated | ​ | Net Book
​ |  | remaining lives |  | Amount |  | Amortization |  | Value
Intangible assets subject to amortization |  |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Customer relationships |  | 4.6 | ​ | $ | 133,105 | ​ | $ | (73,446) | ​ | $ | 59,659
Non-compete agreement | ​ | 4.8 | ​ | ​ | 349 | ​ | ​ | (14) | ​ | ​ | 335
Total | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 133,454 | ​ | ​ | (73,460) | ​ | ​ | 59,994
Indefinite lived assets: |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Tradenames |  |  | ​ |  | 16,400 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 16,400
Total intangible assets other than goodwill |  |  | ​ | $ | 149,854 | ​ | $ | (73,460) | ​ | $ | 76,394

​

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | December 31, 2022
​ | ​ | Weighted | ​ | Gross | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | average | ​ | Carrying | ​ | Accumulated | ​ | Net Book
​ |  | remaining lives |  | Amount |  | Amortization |  | Value
Intangible assets subject to amortization | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Customer relationships |  | 4.6 |  | $ | 128,907 |  | $ | (70,125) |  | $ | 58,782
Total | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 128,907 | ​ | ​ | (70,125) | ​ | ​ | 58,782
Indefinite lived assets: |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Tradenames |  |  | ​ |  | 16,400 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 16,400
Total intangible assets other than goodwill |  |  | ​ | $ | 145,307 | ​ | $ | (70,125) | ​ | $ | 75,182

​

For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, amortization expense related to intangible assets was $3.3 million and $3.6 million, respectively, and is included in other depreciation and amortization in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company purchased a group of assets consisting of land, specialty rental assets (modular units, site work, and furniture & fixtures) and intangibles for approximately $18.6 million, of which approximately $4.5 million is included within this intangible assets group comprised of approximately $4.2 million of customer relationships and approximately $0.3 million related to a non-compete agreement. This acquisition was completed in order to support growth of the HFS – South segment discussed in Note 17, which was funded by cash on hand. The acquisition was accounted for as an asset acquisition. The Company allocated the total purchase price to identifiable tangible and intangible assets based on their relative fair values, which resulted in the entire purchase price being allocated to land, specialty rental assets and intangible assets.

The estimated aggregate amortization expense as of March 31, 2023 for each of the next five years and thereafter is as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Rest of 2023 |  | $ | 10,112
2024 | ​ | ​ | 13,475
2025 | ​ | ​ | 13,475
2026 | ​ | ​ | 12,879
2027 | ​ | ​ | 8,270
Thereafter | ​ | ​ | 1,783
Total | ​ | $ | 59,994

​

​

6. Other Non-Current Assets

Other non-current assets includes capitalized software implementation costs for the implementation of cloud computing systems. As of the dates indicated below, capitalized implementation costs and related accumulated amortization in other non-current assets on the consolidated balance sheets amounted to the following:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | March 31, | ​ | December 31,
​ | ​ | 2023 |  | 2022
Cloud computing implementation costs | ​ | $ | 7,243 | ​ | $ | 7,198
Less: accumulated amortization | ​ | ​ | (5,682) | ​ | ​ | (5,357)
Other non-current assets | ​ | $ | 1,561 | ​ | $ | 1,841

​

The majority of such systems were placed into service beginning January of 2020 at which time the Company began to amortize these capitalized costs on a straight-line basis over the period of the remaining service arrangements of between 2 and 4 years. Such amortization expense amounted to approximately $0.3 million and $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively and is included in selling, general and administrative expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

​

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7. Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities as of the dates indicated below consists of the following:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | March 31, | ​ | December 31,
​ | ​ | 2023 |  | 2022
Employee accrued compensation expense | ​ | $ | 9,878 | ​ | $ | 11,873
Other accrued liabilities | ​ |  | 18,410 | ​ |  | 18,230
Accrued interest on debt | ​ | ​ | 907 | ​ | ​ | 9,539
Total accrued liabilities | ​ | $ | 29,195 | ​ | $ | 39,642

​

Other accrued liabilities in the above table relates primarily to accrued utilities, real estate and sales taxes, state and federal income taxes, liability-based stock compensation awards (see Note 15), and other accrued operating expenses.

​

​

8. Debt

Senior Secured Notes 2024

On March 15, 2019, Arrow Bidco issued $340 million in aggregate principal amount of 9.50% senior secured notes due March 15, 2024 (the “2024 Senior Secured Notes” or “Notes”) under an indenture dated March 15, 2019 (the “Indenture”) by and among Arrow Bidco, the guarantors named therein (the “Note Guarantors”), and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee and as collateral agent. Interest is payable semi-annually on September 15 and March 15 and began September 15, 2019. On March 15, 2023, Arrow Bidco redeemed $125 million in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding Notes. The redemption was accounted for as a partial extinguishment of debt. Refer to the table below for the components of the amounts related to the Notes, which are recognized as a current liability within the current portion of long-term debt, net in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2023.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | March 31,
​ | ​ | 2023
Principal amount of 9.50% Senior Secured Notes, due 2024 | ​ | $ | 209,500
Less: unamortized original issue discount | ​ | ​ | (480)
Less: unamortized term loan deferred financing costs | ​ | ​ | (2,316)
Current portion of long-term debt, net | ​ | $ | 206,704

​

If Arrow Bidco undergoes a change of control or sells certain of its assets, Arrow Bidco may be required to offer to repurchase the Notes. On or after March 15, 2021, Arrow Bidco at its option, may redeem the Notes, in whole or part, upon not less than fifteen (15) and not more than sixty (60) days’ prior written notice to holders and not less than twenty (20) days’ prior written notice to the trustee (or such shorter timeline as the trustee may agree), at the redemption price expressed as a percentage of principal amount set forth below, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon but not including the applicable redemption date (subject to the right of Note holders on the relevant record date to receive interest due on an interest payment date falling on or prior to the redemption date), if redeemed during the 12-month period beginning March 15 of each of the years set below.

​

​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Redemption
Year |  | Price
2023 and thereafter | ​ | 100.000%

​

The Notes are unconditionally guaranteed by Topaz and each of Arrow Bidco’s direct and indirect wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries (collectively, the “Note Guarantors”). Target Hospitality is not an issuer or a guarantor of the Notes. The Note Guarantors are either borrowers or guarantors under the ABL Facility (as defined below). To the extent lenders under the ABL Facility release the guarantee of any Note Guarantor, such Note Guarantor is also released from obligations under the Notes. These guarantees are secured by a second priority security interest in substantially all of the assets of Arrow Bidco and the Note Guarantors (subject to customary exclusions). The guarantees of the Notes by TLM Equipment, LLC,

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a Delaware limited liability company which holds certain of Target Hospitality’s assets, are subordinated to its obligations under the ABL Facility.

The Notes contain certain negative covenants, including limitations that restrict Arrow Bidco’s ability and the ability of certain of its subsidiaries, to directly or indirectly, create additional financial obligations. With certain specified exceptions, these negative covenants prohibit Arrow Bidco and certain of its subsidiaries from: creating or incurring additional debt; paying dividends or making any other distributions with respect to its capital stock; making loans or advances to Arrow Bidco or any restricted subsidiary of Arrow Bidco; selling, leasing or transferring any of its property or assets to Arrow Bidco or any restricted subsidiary of Arrow Bidco; directly or indirectly creating, incurring or assuming any lien of any kind securing debt on the collateral; or entering into any sale and leaseback transaction.

In connection with the issuance of the Notes, there was an original issue discount of approximately $3.3 million and the unamortized balance of approximately $0.5 million is included as a reduction of the principal within current portion of long-term debt, net on the consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2023. The discount is amortized over the life of the Notes using the effective interest method.

Arrow Bidco’s ultimate parent, Target Hospitality, has no significant independent assets or operations except as included in the guarantors of the 2024 Senior Secured Notes, the guarantees under the Notes are full and unconditional and joint and several, and any subsidiaries of Target Hospitality that are not subsidiary guarantors of the Notes are minor. There are also no significant restrictions on the ability of Target Hospitality or any guarantor to obtain funds from its subsidiaries by dividend or loan. See discussion of certain negative covenants above. Therefore, pursuant to the SEC Rules, no individual guarantor financial statement disclosures are deemed necessary.

Finance Lease and Other Financing Obligations

The Company’s finance lease and other financing obligations as of March 31, 2023 consisted of approximately $2.4 million of finance leases. The finance leases pertain to leases entered into during 2019 through March 31, 2023, for commercial-use vehicles with 36-month terms (and continue on a month-to-month basis thereafter) expiring through 2026.

The Company’s finance lease and other financing obligations as of December 31, 2022 consisted of approximately $2.2 million of finance leases related to commercial-use vehicles with the same terms as described above.

ABL Facility

On March 15, 2019, Topaz, Arrow Bidco, Target, Signor and each of their domestic subsidiaries entered into an ABL credit agreement that provides for a senior secured asset based revolving credit facility in the aggregate principal amount of up to $125 million (as amended on February 1, 2023, the “ABL Facility”). During the three months ended March 31, 2023, no amounts were drawn or repaid on the ABL Facility resulting in an outstanding balance of $0 as of March 31, 2023.

In accordance with the First Amendment to the ABL Facility on February 1, 2023 (the “First Amendment”), the reference interest rate for LIBOR borrowings changed from LIBOR to Term SOFR (commencing as of the effective date of the First Amendment).

Borrowings under the ABL Facility, at the relevant borrower’s (the borrowers under the ABL Facility, the “Borrowers”) option, bear interest at either (1) Term SOFR or (2) a base rate, in each case plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin is 2.25% to 2.75% with respect to Term SOFR borrowings and 1.25% to 1.75% with respect to base rate borrowings.

The ABL Facility provides borrowing availability of an amount equal to the lesser of (i) (a) $125 million and (b) the Borrowing Base (defined below) (the “Line Cap”).

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The Borrowing Base is, at any time of determination, an amount (net of reserves) equal to the sum of:

| ● | 85% of the net book value of the Borrowers’ eligible accounts receivables, plus

| ● | the lesser of (i) 95% of the net book value of the Borrowers’ eligible rental equipment and (ii) 85% of the net orderly liquidation value of the Borrowers’ eligible rental equipment, minus

| ● | customary reserves

The ABL Facility includes borrowing capacity available for standby letters of credit of up to $25 million and for ‘‘swingline’’ loan borrowings of up to $15 million. Any issuance of letters of credit or making of a swingline loan will reduce the amount available under the ABL Facility.

In addition, the ABL Facility will provide the Borrowers with the option to increase commitments under the ABL Facility in an aggregate amount not to exceed $75 million plus any voluntary prepayments that are accompanied by permanent commitment reductions under the ABL Facility. As a result of the First Amendment, the termination date of the ABL Facility was extended from September 15, 2023 to February 1, 2028, which extended termination date is subject to a springing maturity that will accelerate the maturity of the ABL Facility if any of the 2024 Senior Secured Notes remain outstanding on the date that is six months prior to the stated maturity date thereof.

The obligations under the ABL Facility are unconditionally guaranteed by Topaz and each existing and subsequently acquired or organized direct or indirect wholly-owned U.S. organized restricted subsidiary of Arrow Bidco (together with Topaz, the “ABL Guarantors”), other than certain excluded subsidiaries. The ABL Facility is secured by (i) a first priority pledge of the equity interests of Topaz, Arrow Bidco, Target, and Signor and of each direct, wholly-owned US organized restricted subsidiary of any Borrower or any ABL Guarantor, (ii) a first priority pledge of up to 65% of the voting equity interests in each non-US restricted subsidiary of any Borrower or ABL Guarantor and (iii) a first priority security interest in substantially all of the assets of the Borrower and the ABL Guarantors (in each case, subject to customary exceptions).

The ABL Facility requires the Borrowers to maintain a (i) minimum fixed charge coverage ratio of 1.00:1.00 and (ii) maximum total net leverage ratio of 4.00:1.00, at any time when the excess availability under the ABL Facility is less than the greater of (a) $15.625 million and (b) 12.5% of the Line Cap.

The ABL Facility also contains a number of customary negative covenants. Such covenants, among other things, limit or restrict the ability of each of the Borrowers, their restricted subsidiaries, and where applicable, Topaz, to:

| ● | incur additional indebtedness, issue disqualified stock and make guarantees;

| ● | incur liens on assets;

| ● | engage in mergers or consolidations or fundamental changes;

| ● | sell assets;

| ● | pay dividends and distributions or repurchase capital stock;

| ● | make investments, loans and advances, including acquisitions;

| ● | amend organizational documents and master lease documents;

| ● | enter into certain agreements that would restrict the ability to pay dividends;

| ● | repay certain junior indebtedness; and

| ● | change the conduct of its business.

The aforementioned restrictions are subject to certain exceptions including (i) the ability to incur additional indebtedness, liens, investments, dividends and distributions, and prepayments of junior indebtedness subject, in each case, to compliance with certain financial metrics and certain other conditions and (ii) a number of other traditional exceptions that grant the Borrowers continued flexibility to operate and develop their businesses. The ABL Facility also contains certain

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customary representations and warranties, affirmative covenants and events of default. The carrying value of debt outstanding as of the dates indicated below consist of the following:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | March 31, | ​ | December 31,
​ | ​ | 2023 |  | 2022
Finance lease and other financing obligations | ​ | $ | 2,411 | ​ | $ | 2,223
ABL Facility | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
9.50% Senior Secured Notes due 2024, face amount | ​ | ​ | 209,500 | ​ | ​ | 334,500
Less: unamortized original issue discount | ​ | ​ | (480) | ​ | ​ | (971)
Less: unamortized term loan deferred financing costs | ​ | ​ | (2,316) | ​ | ​ | (4,681)
Total debt, net | ​ |  | 209,115 | ​ |  | 331,071
Less: current maturities | ​ |  | (207,940) | ​ |  | (1,135)
Total long-term debt | ​ | $ | 1,175 | ​ | $ | 329,936

​

Interest expense, net

The components of interest expense, net (which includes interest expense incurred) recognized in the unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the periods indicated below consist of the following:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | For the three months ended
​ | March 31, | ​ | March 31,
​ | 2023 |  | 2022
Interest incurred on finance lease and other financing obligations | $ | 41 | ​ | $ | 14
Interest expense incurred on ABL Facility and Notes | ​ | 7,470 | ​ | ​ | 8,251
Amortization of deferred financing costs on ABL facilities and Notes | ​ | 1,090 | ​ | ​ | 1,136
Amortization of original issue discount on Notes |  | 193 | ​ | ​ | 171
Interest income | ​ | (1,296) | ​ | ​ | —
Interest expense, net | $ | 7,498 | ​ | $ | 9,572

​

Deferred Financing Costs and Original Issue Discount

The Company presents unamortized deferred financing costs and unamortized original issue discount as a direct deduction from the principal amount of the Notes on the consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Accumulated amortization expense related to the deferred financing costs was approximately $12.1 million and $11.2 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Accumulated amortization of the original issue discount was approximately $2.5 million and $2.3 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. As previously mentioned, the partial redemption of the 2024 Senior Secured Notes on March 15, 2023 was accounted for as a partial extinguishment of debt and consequently, a portion of the unamortized deferred financing costs and unamortized original issue discount were expensed through loss on extinguishment of debt on the consolidated statement of comprehensive income as of the prepayment date. The Company recognized a charge of approximately $1.7 million in loss on extinguishment of debt related to the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs and unamortized original issue discount for the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Accumulated amortization related to revolver deferred financing costs for the ABL Facility was approximately $4.9 million and $4.8 million as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. Revolver deferred financing costs are presented on the consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 within deferred financing costs revolver, net. In connection with the First Amendment, which was considered a modification for accounting purposes, any unamortized deferred financing costs from the ABL Facility that pertained to non-continuing lenders were expensed through loss on extinguishment of debt on the consolidated statement of comprehensive income as of the amendment date. As such, the Company recognized a charge of approximately $0.4 million in loss on extinguishment of debt related to the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs pertaining to non-continuing lenders for the three months ended March 31, 2023. As the borrowing capacity of each of the continuing lenders on the amended ABL Facility was greater than the borrowing capacity of the ABL Facility before the amendment, the unamortized deferred financing costs at the time of the modification of approximately $0.4 million associated with the continuing lenders was deferred

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and amortized over the remaining term of the ABL Facility. Additionally, the Company incurred and paid approximately $1.3 million of deferred financing costs as a result of the ABL Facility amendment, which are capitalized and presented on the consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2023 within deferred financing costs revolver, net. These costs are amortized over the contractual term of the line-of-credit through the maturity date using the straight-line method.

Refer to the components of interest expense in the table above for the amounts of the amortization expense related to the deferred financing costs and original issue discount recognized for each of these debt instruments for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

Future maturities

The aggregate annual principal maturities of debt and finance lease obligations for each of the next five years and thereafter, based on contractual terms are listed in the table below.

​

The schedule of future maturities as of March 31, 2023, consists of the following:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Rest of 2023 |  | $ | 860
2024 | ​ |  | 210,465
2025 | ​ |  | 560
2026 | ​ |  | 26
Total | ​ | $ | 211,911

​

​

9. Warrant Liabilities

On January 17, 2018, Harry E. Sloan, Joshua Kazam, Fredric D. Rosen, the Sara L. Rosen Trust and the Samuel N. Rosen 2015 Trust, purchased from PEAC an aggregate of 5,333,334 warrants at a price of $1.50 per warrant (for an aggregate purchase price of $8.0 million) in a private placement (the “Private Warrants”) that occurred simultaneously with the completion of its initial public offering. Each Private Warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of Common Stock at $11.50 per share. The purchase price of the Private Warrants was added to the proceeds from the Public Offering and was held in the Trust Account until the formation of the Company on March 15, 2019. The Private Warrants (including the shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the Private Warrants) were not transferable, assignable or salable until 30 days after the formation of the Company on March 15, 2019, and they may be exercised on a cashless basis and are non-redeemable so long as they are held by the initial purchasers of the Private Warrants or their permitted transferees.

The Company evaluated the Private Warrants under ASC 815-40, Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity, and concluded that they do not meet the criteria to be classified in stockholders’ equity and should be classified as liabilities. Since the Private Warrants meet the definition of a derivative under ASC 815, the Company recorded the Private Warrants as liabilities on the balance sheet at their estimated fair value.

Subsequent changes in the estimated fair value of the Private Warrants are reflected in the change in fair value of warrant liabilities in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the change in the estimated fair value of the Private Warrants resulted in a loss (gain) of approximately ($3.7) million and $1.2 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2023 and 2022, 1,533,334 and 5,333,334, Private Warrants were outstanding, respectively, which expire no later than March 15, 2024 if they remain unredeemed. As of March 31, 2023, the Private Warrants were classified as current warrant liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet.

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The Company determined the following estimated fair values for the outstanding Private Warrants as of the dates indicated below:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | March 31, | ​ | December 31,
​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022
Warrant liabilities | ​ | $ | 6,026 | ​ | $ | 9,737
Total | ​ | $ | 6,026 | ​ | $ | 9,737

​

​

10. Income Taxes

Income tax expense was approximately $12.2 million and $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 respectively. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, was 21.8% and 68.8%, respectively. The fluctuation in the rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 results primarily from the relationship of year-to-date income before income tax for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022.

​

The effective tax rates for three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, differs from the US federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to nonrecognition of tax benefits for loss jurisdictions, the permanent add-back related to the change in fair value of warrant liabilities on the Company’s warrants, the impact of state tax expense based off of gross receipts, and a compensation deduction limitation.

​

The Company accounts for income taxes in interim periods under ASC 740-270, Income Taxes – Interim Reporting, which generally requires us to apply an estimated annual consolidated effective tax rate to consolidated pre-tax income. In addition, the guidance under ASC 740 further provides that, in establishing the estimated annual effective tax rate, the Company excludes losses from jurisdictions in which no tax benefit is expected to be recognized for such losses.

​

11. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The fair value of the financial assets and liabilities are included at the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale.

The Company has assessed that the fair value of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, trade payables, other current liabilities, and other debt approximates their carrying amounts largely due to the short-term maturities or recent commencement of these instruments. The fair value of the ABL Facility is primarily based upon observable market data, such as market interest rates, for similar debt. The fair value of the Notes is based upon observable market data.

The Company measured the Private Warrant liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis at each reporting period end as more fully discussed below. Changes in the fair value of the Private Warrants at each reporting period end date were recognized within the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income in the change in fair value of warrant liabilities.

Level 1 & 2 Disclosures:

The carrying amounts and fair values of financial assets and liabilities, which are either Level 1 or Level 2, are as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Financial Assets (Liabilities) Not Measured at Fair Value |  | Carrying Amount |  | ​ | Fair Value |  | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
ABL Facility (See Note 8) - Level 2 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — |  | $ | —
2024 Senior Secured Notes (See Note 8) - Level 1 | ​ | $ | (206,704) | ​ | $ | (212,136) | ​ | $ | (328,848) | ​ | $ | (335,403)

​

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Recurring fair value measurements

Level 3 Disclosures:

There were 1,533,334 Private Warrants outstanding as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Based on the fair value assessment that was performed, the Company determined a fair value price per Private Warrant of $3.93 and $6.35 as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively. The fair value is classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy due to the use of pricing inputs that are less observable in the marketplace combined with management judgment required for the assumptions underlying the calculation of value. The Company determined the estimated fair value of the Private Warrants using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The table below summarizes the inputs used to calculate the fair value of the warrant liabilities at each of the dates indicated below:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | March 31, | ​ | ​ | ​ | December 31,
​ | ​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2022
Exercise Price | ​ | $ | 11.50 | ​ | ​ | $ | 11.50
Stock Price | ​ | $ | 13.14 | ​ | ​ | $ | 15.14
Dividend Yield | ​ | % | 0.00 | ​ | ​ | % | 0.00
Expected Term (in Years) | ​ | ​ | 0.96 | ​ | ​ | ​ | 1.20
Risk-Free Interest Rate | ​ | % | 4.56 | ​ | ​ | % | 4.56
Expected Volatility | ​ | % | 59.00 | ​ | ​ | % | 70.00
Per Share Value of Warrants | ​ | $ | 3.93 | ​ | ​ | $ | 6.35

​

The following table presents changes in Level 3 liabilities measured at fair value for the three months ended March 31, 2023:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Private Placement Warrants
Balance at December 31, 2022 | ​ | $ | 9,737
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities | ​ | ​ | (3,711)
Balance at March 31, 2023 | ​ | ​ | 6,026

​

There were no transfers of financial instruments between the three levels of the fair value hierarchy during the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 and the year ended December 31, 2022.

​

12. Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is involved in various lawsuits or claims in the ordinary course of business. Management is of the opinion that there is no pending claim or lawsuit which, if adversely determined, would have a material impact on the financial condition of the Company.

​

13. Earnings (Loss) per Share

Basic earnings (loss) per share (“EPS” or “LPS”) is calculated by dividing net income or loss attributable to Target Hospitality by the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is computed similarly to basic net income per share, except that it includes the potential dilution that could occur if dilutive securities were exercised. During periods when net losses are incurred, potential dilutive securities would be anti-dilutive and are excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share for that period. Net income was recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. The following table reconciles net income attributable to common stockholders

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and the weighted average shares outstanding for the basic calculation to the weighted average shares outstanding for the diluted calculation for the periods indicated below ($ in thousands, except per share amounts):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | For the Three Months Ended
​ | March 31, | ​ | March 31,
​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022
Numerator | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net income attributable to Common Stockholders - basic | $ | 43,825 | ​ | $ | 494
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities | ​ | (3,711) | ​ | ​ | 1,227
Net income attributable to Common Stockholders - diluted | $ | 40,114 | ​ | $ | 1,721
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Denominator | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Weighted average shares outstanding - basic | ​ | 100,643,271 | ​ | ​ | 96,936,785
Dilutive effect of outstanding securities: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Warrants | ​ | 2,264,522 | ​ | ​ | —
PSUs | ​ | 489,063 | ​ | ​ | —
SARs | ​ | 224,796 | ​ | ​ | ​
Stock Options | ​ | 797,457 | ​ | ​ | —
RSUs | ​ | 1,838,339 | ​ | ​ | —
Weighted average shares outstanding - diluted | ​ | 106,257,448 | ​ | ​ | 96,936,785
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net income per share - basic | $ | 0.44 | ​ | $ | 0.01
Net income per share - diluted | $ | 0.38 | ​ | $ | 0.01

​

When liability-classified warrants are in the money and the impact of their inclusion on diluted EPS is dilutive, diluted EPS also assumes share settlement of such instruments through an adjustment to net income available to common stockholders for the fair value (gain) loss on common stock warrant liabilities and inclusion of the number of dilutive shares in the denominator. The Public and Private Warrants representing a total of 16,166,650 shares of the Company’s Common Stock for the three months ended March 31, 2022 were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS because they are considered anti-dilutive. Public and Private Warrants representing a total 8,058,787 shares of the Company’s Common Stock for the three months ended March 31, 2023 were included in the computation of diluted EPS because their effect is dilutive as noted in the above table.

As discussed in Note 15, stock-based compensation awards were outstanding for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. These stock-based compensation awards were excluded from the computation of diluted EPS for the three months ended March 31, 2022 because their effect would have been anti-dilutive. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, stock-based compensation awards were included in the computation of diluted EPS because their effect is dilutive as noted in the above table.

Shares of treasury stock have been excluded from the computation of EPS.

​

14. Stockholders’ Equity

Common Stock

As of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, Target Hospitality had 110,804,123 and 109,747,366 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.0001 per share issued with 101,373,458 and 100,316,701 outstanding, respectively. Each share of Common Stock has one vote.

Preferred Shares

Target Hospitality is authorized to issue 1,000,000 preferred shares at $0.0001 par value. As of March 31, 2023, no preferred shares were issued and outstanding.

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Public Warrants

On January 17, 2018, PEAC sold 32,500,000 units at a price of $10.00 per unit (the “Units”) in its initial public offering (the “Public Offering”), including the issuance of 2,500,000 Units as a result of the underwriters’ partial exercise of their overallotment option. Each Unit consisted of one Class A ordinary share of PEAC, par value $0.0001 per share (the “Public Shares”), and one-third of one warrant to purchase one ordinary share (the “Public Warrants”).

Each Public Warrant entitles the holder to purchase one share of the Company’s Common Stock at a price of $11.50 per share. No fractional shares will be issued upon exercise of the Public Warrants. If upon exercise of the Public Warrants, a holder would be entitled to receive a fractional interest in a share, the Company will upon exercise, round down to the nearest whole number, the number of shares to be issued to the Public Warrant holder. Each Public Warrant became exercisable 30 days after the formation of the Company.

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, holders of Public Warrants exercised 2,869 Public Warrants for shares of Common Stock resulting in the Company receiving cash proceeds of less than $0.1 million and issuing 2,869 shares of Common Stock. As of March 31, 2023, the Company had 6,525,453 Public Warrants issued and outstanding.

​

15. Stock-Based Compensation

On February 28, 2023, the Compensation Committee (the “Compensation Committee”) of the Company’s Board of Directors adopted a new form Executive Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (the “RSU Agreement”) and a new form Executive Performance Stock Unit Agreement (the “PSU Agreement” and together with the RSU Agreement, the “Award Agreements”) with respect to the granting of restricted stock units (“RSUs”) and performance restricted stock units (“PSUs”), respectively, under the Target Hospitality Corp. 2019 Incentive Plan (as amended, the “Plan”). The new Award Agreements will be used for all awards to executive officers made on or after March 1, 2023.

The RSU Agreement has material terms that are substantially similar to those in the form Executive Restricted Stock Unit Agreement last approved by the Compensation Committee and previously disclosed by the Company.

Each PSU awarded under the PSU Agreement represents the right to receive one share of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share. PSUs vest and become unrestricted on the third anniversary of the grant date. The number of PSUs that vest pursuant to the PSU Agreement is based on the Company’s Total Shareholder Return (the “TSR Based Award”) performance and the Company’s Diversification EBITDA (as defined in the PSU Agreement) (the “Diversification EBITDA Based Award”), each measured based on the applicable Performance Period specified in the PSU Agreement. The number of PSUs that vest pursuant to the TSR Based Award range from 0% to 200% of the Target Level (as defined in the PSU Agreement) depending upon the achievement of a specified percentile rank during the applicable Performance Period. The number of PSUs that vest pursuant to the Diversification EBITDA Based Award range from 0% to 200% of the Target Level (as defined in the PSU Agreement) depending upon the Company’s Qualifying EBITDA (as defined in the PSU Agreement) during the applicable Performance Period. Vesting of PSUs is contingent upon the executive’s continued employment through the vesting date, unless the executive’s employment is terminated by reason of death, without Cause, for Good Reason, or in the event of a Change in Control (each term as defined in the Plan).

Restricted Stock Units

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Compensation Committee awarded an aggregate of 214,901 time-based RSUs to certain of the Company’s executive officers and other employees, which vest ratably over a four-year period.

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The table below represents the changes in RSUs:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ | Number of Shares |  | ​ | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share
Balance at December 31, 2022 | ​ | ​ | 2,658,581 | ​ | $ | 2.98
Granted | ​ | ​ | 214,901 | ​ | ​ | 15.01
Vested | ​ | ​ | (933,064) | ​ | ​ | 2.49
Balance at March 31, 2023 | ​ | ​ | 1,940,418 | ​ | $ | 4.55

​

Stock-based compensation expense for these RSUs recognized in selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, was approximately $1.3 million and $1.6 million, respectively, with an associated tax benefit of approximately $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively. At March 31, 2023, unrecognized compensation expense related to RSUs totaled approximately $9.9 million and is expected to be recognized over a remaining term of approximately 2.85 years.

Performance Stock Units

On March 1, 2023, the Company awarded an aggregate of 91,025 time and performance-based PSUs to certain of the Company’s employees, which vest upon satisfaction of continued service with the Company until the third anniversary of the Grant Date and attainment of Company performance criteria. These PSUs were valued using a Monte Carlo simulation with the following assumptions on the grant date: the expected volatility was approximately 45.86%, the term was 2.84 years, the correlation coefficient was 0.6210, the dividend rate was 0.0% and the risk-free interest rate was approximately 4.60%, which resulted in a calculated fair value of approximately $20.66 per PSU as of the grant date.

The table below represents the changes in PSUs:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ | Number of Shares |  | ​ | Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value per Share
Balance at December 31, 2022 | ​ | ​ | 1,495,017 | ​ | $ | 4.72
Granted | ​ | ​ | 91,025 | ​ | ​ | 14.98
Balance at March 31, 2023 | ​ | ​ | 1,586,042 | ​ | $ | 5.31

​

Stock-based compensation expense for these PSUs recognized in selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statement of comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was approximately $0.7 million and $0.1 million, respectively, with an associated tax benefit of $0.2 million and $0, respectively. At March 31, 2023, unrecognized compensation expense related to PSUs totaled approximately $7.1 million and is expected to be recognized over a remaining term of approximately 2.32 years.

Stock Option Awards

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, there were stock options exercised as shown in the following table.

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The table below represents the changes in stock options:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | ​ | Options |  | ​ | Weighted Average Exercise Price Per Share |  | Weighted Average Contractual Life (Years) |  | ​ | Intrinsic Value
Outstanding Options at December 31, 2022 | ​ | ​ | 1,510,661 | ​ | $ | 6.13 | ​ | 6.86 | ​ | $ | 13,615
Exercised | ​ | ​ | (671,392) | ​ | ​ | 5.81 | ​ | - | ​ | ​ | 7,423
Outstanding Options at March 31, 2023 | ​ | ​ | 839,269 | ​ | $ | 6.38 | ​ | 6.64 | ​ | $ | 5,671

​

438,733 stock options were exercisable at March 31, 2023.

Stock-based compensation expense for these stock option awards recognized in selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 was approximately $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively, with an associated tax benefit of less than $0.1 million and less than $0.1 million, respectively. At March 31, 2023, unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options totaled $0.4 million and is expected to be recognized over a remaining term of approximately 0.81 years.

The fair value of each option award at the grant date was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:

​

​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Assumptions
Weighted average expected stock volatility (range) | % | 25.94 - 30.90
Expected dividend yield | % | 0.00
Expected term (years) | ​ | 6.25
Risk-free interest rate (range) | % | 0.82 - 2.26
Exercise price (range) | $ | 4.51 - 10.83
Weighted-average grant date fair value | $ | 1.42

​

The volatility assumption used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model is based on peer group volatility as the Company does not have a sufficient trading history as a stand-alone public company to calculate volatility. Additionally, due to an insufficient history with respect to stock option activity and post vesting cancellations, the expected term assumption is based on the simplified method permitted under SEC rules, whereby, the simple average of the vesting period for each tranche of award and its contractual term is aggregated to arrive at a weighted average expected term for the award. The risk-free interest rate used in the Black-Scholes model is based on the implied US Treasury bill yield curve at the date of grant with a remaining term equal to the Company’s expected term assumption. The Company has never declared or paid a dividend on its shares of Common Stock.

Stock-based payments are subject to service-based vesting requirements and expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur. No stock options were forfeited during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Stock Appreciation Right Awards

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, as approved by the Compensation Committee, the employee related exercised SARs shown in the table below were paid in cash in the amount of $10.0 million based on the difference between (a) the fair market value of a Common Share on the date of exercise, over (b) the grant date price.

​

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The table below represents the changes in SARs:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Number of Units | ​ | ​ | Weighted-Average Exercise Price | ​ | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years)
Outstanding SARs at December 31, 2022 | ​ | 1,537,776 | ​ | $ | 1.82 | ​ | 8.17
Exercised | ​ | (755,436) | ​ | ​ | 1.79 | ​ | -
Outstanding SARs at March 31, 2023 | ​ | 782,340 | ​ | $ | 1.85 | ​ | 7.93

​

​

Under the authoritative guidance for stock-based compensation, these SARs are considered liability-based awards. The Company recognized a liability associated with its SARs of approximately $6.2 million as of March 31, 2023, all of which is included in accrued liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2023. The liability associated with these SAR awards recognized as of December 31, 2022, was approximately $12.6 million, of which approximately $6.3 million is included in accrued liabilities and approximately $6.3 million is included in other non-current liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022. These SARs were valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions on the grant date: the expected volatility was approximately 43.5%, the term was 6.25 years, the dividend rate was 0.0% and the risk-free interest rate was approximately 1.07%, which resulted in a calculated fair value of approximately $0.78 per SAR as of the grant date. The fair value of these liability awards will be remeasured at each reporting period until the date of settlement. At March 31, 2023, these SARs were valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions for awards granted on February 25, 2021 and August 5, 2021, respectively: the expected volatility was approximately 38.65% and 43.42%, the term was 0.45 years and 0.85 years, the dividend rate was 0.0% and 0.0%, the risk-free interest rate was approximately 4.89% and 4.68%, and the exercise price was $1.79 and $3.54, which resulted in a calculated fair value of approximately $11.39 and $9.74 per SAR, respectively, as of March 31, 2023. At December 31, 2022, these SARs were valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following assumptions for awards granted on February 25, 2021 and August 5, 2021, respectively: the expected volatility was approximately 46.86% and 47.27%, the term was 0.65 years and 1.10 years, the dividend rate was 0.0% and 0.0%, the risk-free interest rate was approximately 4.70% and 4.65%, and the exercise price was $1.79 and $3.54, which resulted in a calculated fair value of approximately $13.40 and $11.78 per SAR, respectively, as of December 31, 2022.

The estimated weighted-average fair value of each SAR as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022 was $11.56 and $13.61, respectively. Increases and decreases in stock-based compensation expense are recognized over the vesting period, or immediately for vested awards. For three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized compensation expense related to these awards of approximately $3.5 million and $1.5 million, respectively, in selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. At March 31, 2023, unrecognized compensation expense related to SARs totaled approximately $5.7 million and is expected to be recognized over a remaining weighted-average term of approximately 0.92 years. At March 31, 2023, the intrinsic value of the SARs was $8.8 million.

The volatility assumption used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model is based on peer group volatility as the Company does not have a sufficient trading history as a stand-alone public company to calculate volatility. Additionally, due to an insufficient history with respect to stock appreciation right activity and post vesting cancellations, the expected term assumption is based on the simplified method permitted under SEC rules, whereby, the simple average of the vesting period for each tranche of award and its contractual term is aggregated to arrive at a weighted average expected term for the award. The risk-free interest rate used in the Black-Scholes model is based on the implied US Treasury bill yield curve with a remaining term equal to the Company’s expected term assumption. The Company has never declared or paid a dividend on its shares of Common Stock.

SARs are subject to service-based vesting requirements and expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. Forfeitures are accounted for as they occur. No SARs were forfeited during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

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16. Retirement plans

We offer a defined contribution 401(k) retirement plan to substantially all of our U.S. employees. Participants may contribute from 1% to 90% of eligible compensation, inclusive of pretax and/or Roth deferrals (subject to Internal Revenue Service limitations), and we make matching contributions under this plan on the first 5% of the participant’s compensation (100% match of the first 3% employee contribution and 50% match on the next 2% contribution). Our matching contributions fully vest upon participation. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, we recognized expense of $0.4 million and $0.2 million, respectively.

​

17. Business Segments

The Company has six operating segments, none of which qualify for aggregation. Four of the segments were disclosed as reportable segments in 2022, based on the 10% tests. The aggregate external revenues of these reportable segments exceeded 75% of the Company’s consolidated revenues. The remaining operating segments were combined in the “All Other” category. In 2023, two of the four operating segments (“TCPL Keystone” and “HFS – Midwest”) that were disclosed as reportable segments in 2022 became quantitatively immaterial as they did not exceed the threshold for any of the 10% tests and are now combined in the “All Other” category in 2023. As such, in 2023 and for all comparison periods, the Company has two reportable segments and the aggregate external revenues of these two reportable segments exceed 75% of the Company’s consolidated revenues in all periods presented.

The Company is organized primarily on the basis of geographic region and customer industry group.

The following is a brief description of our reportable segments and a description of business activities conducted by All Other.

HFS – South — Segment operations consist primarily of specialty rental and vertically integrated hospitality services revenue from customers located primarily in Texas and New Mexico.

Government — Segment operations consist primarily of specialty rental and vertically integrated hospitality services revenue from customers with Government contracts located in Texas.

All Other — Segment operations consist primarily of revenue from specialty rental and vertically integrated hospitality services revenue from customers located outside of the HFS – South segment.

The table below presents information about reported segments for the three months ended March 31 (except for asset information for 2022 that is presented as of December 31):

2023

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | HFS - South | ​ | Government | ​ | All Other |  | Total
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2023 |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Revenue | ​ | $ | 35,772 | ​ | $ | 109,503 | ​ | $ | 2,544 | (a) | $ | 147,819
Adjusted gross profit | ​ | $ | 11,656 | ​ | $ | 88,774 | ​ | $ | (870) | ​ | $ | 99,560
Total Assets | ​ | $ | 193,664 | ​ | $ | 214,492 | ​ | $ | 33,847 | ​ | $ | 442,003

​

2022

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | HFS - South | ​ | Government | ​ | All Other |  | Total
For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Revenue | ​ | $ | 31,576 | ​ | $ | 46,790 | ​ | $ | 1,969 | (a) | $ | 80,335
Adjusted gross profit | ​ | $ | 13,318 | ​ | $ | 27,876 | ​ | $ | (478) | ​ | $ | 40,716
Total Assets (as of December 31, 2022) | ​ | $ | 176,637 | ​ | $ | 217,029 | ​ | $ | 34,722 | ​ | $ | 428,388

​

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| (a) | Revenues from segments below the quantitative thresholds are attributable to four operating segments of the Company and are reported in the “All Other” category previously described.

A reconciliation of total segment adjusted gross profit to total consolidated income (loss) before income taxes for the dates indicated below, is as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | For the Three Months Ended
​ | ​ | March 31, 2023 |  | March 31, 2022
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total reportable segment adjusted gross profit | ​ | $ | 100,430 | ​ | $ | 40,694
Other adjusted gross profit | ​ |  | (870) | ​ |  | 22
Depreciation and amortization | ​ |  | (21,400) | ​ |  | (16,795)
Selling, general, and administrative expenses | ​ |  | (15,199) | ​ |  | (11,759)
Other expense (income), net | ​ |  | (1,004) | ​ |  | 219
Loss on extinguishment of debt | ​ | ​ | (2,128) | ​ | ​ | —
Interest expense, net | ​ |  | (7,498) | ​ |  | (9,572)
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities | ​ | ​ | 3,711 | ​ | ​ | (1,227)
Consolidated income before income taxes | ​ | $ | 56,042 | ​ | $ | 1,582

​

A reconciliation of total segment assets to total consolidated assets as of the dates indicated below, is as follows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | March 31, 2023 | ​ | December 31, 2022
Total reportable segment assets | ​ | $ | 408,156 | ​ | $ | 426,825
Other assets | ​ |  | 35,632 | ​ |  | 3,240
Other unallocated amounts | ​ |  | 205,830 | ​ |  | 341,662
Total Assets | ​ | $ | 649,618 | ​ | $ | 771,727

​

Other unallocated assets consist of the following as reported in the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of the dates indicated below:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | March 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
Total current assets | ​ | $ | 103,151 | ​ | $ | 236,379
Other intangible assets, net | ​ |  | 76,394 | ​ |  | 75,182
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net | ​ | ​ | 23,120 | ​ | ​ | 27,298
Deferred financing costs revolver, net | ​ |  | 1,604 | ​ |  | 896
Other non-current assets | ​ |  | 1,561 | ​ |  | 1,907
Total other unallocated amounts of assets | ​ | $ | 205,830 | ​ | $ | 341,662

​

​

18. Subsequent Events

On April 3, 2023, the Company purchased a group of assets consisting primarily of land and specialty rental assets for approximately $5.0 million, which was funded by cash on hand. These assets will be utilized for growth in the Company’s Government segment.

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Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

​

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). These forward-looking statements relate to expectations for future financial performance, business strategies or expectations for the post-combination business. Specifically, forward-looking statements may include statements relating to:

​

​

| ● | operational, economic, including inflation, political and regulatory risks;

​

| ● | our ability to effectively compete in the specialty rental accommodations and hospitality services industry, including growing the HFS and Government segments;

​

| ● | effective management of our communities;

​

| ● | natural disasters and other business disruptions including outbreaks of epidemic or pandemic disease;

​

| ● | the duration of the COVID-19 pandemic or any future public health crisis, related economic repercussions and the resulting negative impact to global economic demand;

​

| ● | the effect of changes in state building codes on marketing our buildings;

​

| ● | changes in demand within a number of key industry end-markets and geographic regions;

​

| ● | our reliance on third party manufacturers and suppliers;

​

| ● | failure to retain key personnel;

​

| ● | increases in raw material and labor costs;

​

| ● | the effect of impairment charges on our operating results;

​

| ● | our future operating results fluctuating, failing to match performance or to meet expectations;

​

| ● | our exposure to various possible claims and the potential inadequacy of our insurance;

​

| ● | unanticipated changes in our tax obligations;

​

| ● | our obligations under various laws and regulations;

​

| ● | the effect of litigation, judgments, orders, regulatory or customer bankruptcy proceedings on our business;

​

| ● | our ability to successfully acquire and integrate new operations;

​

| ● | global or local economic and political movements, including any changes in policy under the Biden administration;

​

| ● | federal government budgeting and appropriations;

​

| ● | our ability to effectively manage our credit risk and collect on our accounts receivable;

​

| ● | our ability to fulfill our public company obligations;

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​

| ● | any failure of our management information systems;

​

| ● | fluctuations in the fair value of warrant liabilities;

​

| ● | our ability to refinance debt on favorable terms and meet our debt service requirements and obligations; and

​

| ● | risks related to Arrow Bidco’s obligations under the Notes.

​

These forward-looking statements are based on information available as of the date of this Form 10-Q and our management’s current expectations, forecasts and assumptions, and involve a number of judgments, risks and uncertainties. Accordingly, forward-looking statements should not be relied upon as representing our views as of any subsequent date. We undertake no obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date they were made, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.

​

​

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

TARGET HOSPITALITY CORP. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion summarizes the significant factors affecting the consolidated operating results, financial condition, liquidity and capital resources of Target Hospitality Corp. and is intended to help the reader understand Target Hospitality Corp., our operations and our present business environment. This discussion should be read in conjunction with the Company’s unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes to those statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Executive Summary

Target Hospitality Corp. is one of North America’s largest providers of vertically integrated specialty rental and value-added hospitality services including: catering and food services, maintenance, housekeeping, grounds-keeping, security, health and recreation facilities, overall workforce community management, concierge services and laundry service. As of March 31, 2023, our network included 30 communities, including 2 communities that are not owned or leased, to better serve our customers across the US.

​

Economic Update

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, the Company continued to experience improving customer demand and increasing activity in the HFS – South segment as compared to the first quarter of 2022. The Company’s Government segment benefited from the Expanded Humanitarian Contract with a leading national nonprofit organization (“NP Partner”) that became effective May 16, 2022, which contributed to significantly higher revenues as compared to the first quarter of 2022. The Company generated cash inflows (outflows) from operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 of approximately $14.5 million compared to approximately ($30.6) million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, representing an increase in cash flows from operations of approximately $45.1 million or 148%.

​

​

For the three months ended March 31, 2023, other key drivers of financial performance included:

| ● | Increased revenue of $67.5 million, or 84% compared to the same period in 2022, driven by an increase in services income revenue of approximately $36.2 million primarily due to additional revenue generated from growth in the Government segment as well as an increase in customer demand in the HFS – South segment.

| ● | Generated net income of approximately $43.8 million for three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to a net income of approximately $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, which is primarily attributable to the increase in revenue and gross profit and decrease in the estimated fair value of warrant liabilities, partially offset by an increase in selling, general and administrative expenses driven primarily by an increase in stock compensation expense, an increase in other expense, and an increase in income tax expense due to improved results.

| ● | Generated consolidated Adjusted EBITDA of $90.6 million representing an increase of $57.2 million, or 171% as compared to the same period in 2022, driven primarily by the increase in revenue, partially offset by a 22% increase in operating expenses comprised of services and specialty rental costs.

​

Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP measure. The GAAP measure most comparable to Adjusted EBITDA is Net Income. Please see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a definition and reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP measure.

​

Our proximity to customer activities influences occupancy and demand. We have built, own and operate the two largest specialty rental and hospitality services networks available to customers operating in the HFS – South and North Dakota regions. Our broad network often results in us having communities that are the closest to our customers’ job sites, which reduces commute times and costs, and improves the overall safety of our customers’ workforce. Our communities provide customers with cost efficiencies, as they are able to jointly use our communities and related infrastructure (i.e., power, water, sewer and IT) services alongside other customers operating in the same vicinity. Demand for our services is

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dependent upon activity levels, particularly our customers’ capital spending on natural resource development and government housing programs.

Factors Affecting Results of Operations

We expect our business to continue to be affected by the key factors discussed below, as well as factors discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” included in our 2022 Form 10-K. Our expectations are based on assumptions made by us and information currently available to us. To the extent our underlying assumptions about, or interpretations of, available information prove to be incorrect, our actual results may vary materially from our expected results.

Supply and Demand for Natural Resources

As a provider of vertically integrated specialty rental and hospitality services, we are not directly impacted by commodity price fluctuations. However, these price fluctuations indirectly influence our activities and results of operations because the natural resource development workforce is directly affected by price fluctuations and the industry’s expansion or contraction as a result of these fluctuations. Our occupancy volume depends on the size of the workforce within the natural resources industry and the demand for labor. Commodity prices are volatile and influenced by numerous factors beyond our control, including the domestic and global supply of and demand for natural resources, the commodities trading markets, as well as other supply and demand factors that may influence commodity prices.

Availability and Cost of Capital

Capital markets conditions could affect our ability to access the debt and equity capital markets to the extent necessary to fund our future growth. Interest rates on future credit facilities and debt offerings could be higher than current levels, causing our financing costs to increase accordingly, and could limit our ability to raise funds, or refinance on favorable terms, or increase the price of raising funds, in the capital markets and may limit our ability to expand.

Regulatory Compliance

We are subject to extensive federal, state, local, and foreign environmental, health and safety laws and regulations concerning matters such as air emissions, wastewater discharges, solid, and hazardous waste handling and disposal and the investigation and remediation of contamination. In addition, we may be subject, indirectly, to various statutes and regulations applicable to doing business with the U.S. government as a result of our contracts with U.S. government contractor clients. The risks of substantial costs, liabilities, and limitations on our operations related to compliance with these laws and regulations are an inherent part of our business, and future conditions may develop, arise, or be discovered that create substantial environmental compliance or remediation liabilities and costs.

Public Policy

We derive a significant portion of our revenues from our subcontracts with government contractors. The U.S. government and, by extension, our U.S. government contractor customers, may from time to time adopt, implement or modify certain policies or directives that may adversely affect our business. Changes in government policy, presidential administration or other changes in the political landscape relating to immigration policies may similarly result in a decline in our revenues in the Government segment.

Natural Disasters or Other Significant Disruption

An operational disruption in any of our facilities could negatively impact our financial results. The occurrence of a natural disaster, such as earthquake, tornado, severe weather, including hail storms, flood, fire, or other unanticipated problems such as labor difficulties, equipment failure, capacity expansion difficulties or unscheduled maintenance could cause operational disruptions of varied duration. These types of disruptions could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations to varying degrees dependent upon the facility, the duration of the disruption, our ability to shift business to another facility or find alternative solutions.

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Overview of Our Revenue and Operations

We derive the majority of our revenue from specialty rental accommodations and vertically integrated hospitality services. Approximately 64% of our revenue was earned from specialty rental with vertically integrated hospitality services, specifically lodging and related ancillary services, whereas the remaining 36% of revenues were earned through leasing of lodging facilities for the three months ended March 31, 2023. Revenue is recognized in the period in which lodging, and services are provided pursuant to the terms of contractual relationships with our customers. We enter into arrangements with multiple deliverables for which arrangement consideration is allocated between lodging and services for certain applicable contracts based on the relative estimated standalone selling price of each deliverable. The estimated price of lodging and services deliverables is based on the prices of lodging and services when sold separately or based upon the best estimate of selling price.

Key Indicators of Financial Performance

Our management uses a variety of financial and operating metrics to analyze our performance. We view these metrics as significant factors in assessing our operating results and profitability and tend to review these measurements frequently for consistency and trend analysis. We primarily review the following profit and loss information when assessing our performance:

Revenue

We analyze our revenues by comparing actual revenues to our internal budgets and projections for a given period and to prior periods to assess our performance. We believe that revenues are a meaningful indicator of the demand and pricing for our services. Key drivers to change in revenues may include average utilization of existing beds, levels of development activity in the HFS – South segment, and the consumer price index impacting government contracts.

Adjusted Gross Profit

We analyze our adjusted gross profit, which is a Non-GAAP measure that we define as revenues less cost of sales (comprised of services and specialty rental costs), excluding impairment and depreciation of specialty rental assets to measure our financial performance. Please see “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for a definition and reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP measure. We believe adjusted gross profit is a meaningful metric because it provides insight on financial performance of our revenue streams without consideration of our overhead. Additionally, using adjusted gross profit gives us insight on factors impacting cost of sales, such as efficiencies of our direct labor and material costs. When analyzing adjusted gross profit, we compare actual adjusted gross profit to our internal budgets and projections and to prior period results for a given period in order to assess our performance.

We also use Non-GAAP measures such as EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Discretionary cash flows to evaluate the operating performance of our business. For a more in-depth discussion of the Non-GAAP measures, please refer to the "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" section.

Segments

As discussed in Note 17 (Business Segments) of the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere within this Form 10-Q, as of March 31, 2023 the Company reduced the number of reportable segments from four to two as the additional two previously reportable segments (“TCPL Keystone” and “HFS – Midwest”) became quantitatively immaterial and are now combined in the “All Other” category for all periods presented.

We have identified two reportable business segments: HFS – South and Government:

HFS – South

The HFS – South segment reflects our facilities and operations in the HFS – South region and includes our 16 communities located across Texas and New Mexico.

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Government

The government segment includes the facilities and operations of the family residential center and the related support communities in Dilley, Texas (the “South Texas Family Residential Center”) provided under a lease and services agreement with a national provider of migrant programming (the “FRCC Partner”). Additionally, this segment also includes facilities and operations provided under a lease and services agreement with our NP Partner, backed by a committed U.S. Government contract, to provide a suite of comprehensive service offerings across several facilities in West, Texas in support of their humanitarian aid efforts.

All Other

Our other facilities and operations which do not meet the criteria to be a separate reportable segment are consolidated and reported as “All Other” which represents the facilities and operations of one community in Oklahoma, one community in Canada, four communities in North Dakota, and the catering and other services provided to communities and other workforce accommodation facilities for the natural resources development industries not owned by us.

Key Factors Impacting the Comparability of Results

The historical results of operations for the periods presented may not be comparable, either to each other or to our future results of operations, for the reasons described below:

Government Segment Growth

A significant new contract was originated in the Government segment in March of 2021 with our NP Partner, backed by a committed U.S. Government contract, to provide a suite of comprehensive service offerings in support of their humanitarian aid efforts. During 2022, the Company executed a new contract with our NP Partner that became effective on May 16, 2022, which represented a significantly expanded lease and services agreement (“Expanded Humanitarian Contract”) to provide enhanced infrastructure and comprehensive facility services that support the critical hospitality solutions the Company provides to the NP Partner and the U.S. Government in their humanitarian aid missions. The Expanded Humanitarian Contract provides for significant scope expansion and term extension for the continuation of services provided under the agreement that originated in March 2021. The Expanded Humanitarian Contract operates with similar structure to the Company’s existing government services contracts, which are centered around minimum revenue commitments supported by the U.S. Government. Additionally, the Expanded Humanitarian Contract includes variable services revenue that will align with monthly community population. The minimum revenue commitments, which consist of annual recurring lease revenue and nonrecurring infrastructure enhancement revenue, provide for a minimum annual revenue contribution of approximately $390 million and is fully committed over its initial contract term. This arrangement provides for a maximum initial annual total contract value of approximately $575 million.

Results of Operations

The period-to-period comparisons of our results of operations have been prepared using the historical periods included in our unaudited consolidated financial statements. The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this document.

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Consolidated Results of Operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 ($ in thousands):

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | For the Three Months Ended | ​ | Amount of | ​ | Percentage Change
​ | ​ | March 31, | ​ | Increase | ​ | Increase
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | (Decrease) |  | (Decrease)
Revenue: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Services income | ​ | $ | 94,836 | ​ | $ | 58,675 | ​ | $ | 36,161 |  | 62%
Specialty rental income | ​ |  | 52,983 | ​ |  | 21,660 | ​ |  | 31,323 |  | 145%
Total revenue | ​ |  | 147,819 | ​ |  | 80,335 | ​ |  | 67,484 |  | 84%
Costs: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Services | ​ |  | 39,700 | ​ |  | 34,691 | ​ |  | 5,009 |  | 14%
Specialty rental | ​ |  | 8,559 | ​ |  | 4,928 | ​ |  | 3,631 |  | 74%
Depreciation of specialty rental assets | ​ |  | 17,597 | ​ |  | 12,800 | ​ |  | 4,797 |  | 37%
Gross Profit | ​ |  | 81,963 | ​ |  | 27,916 | ​ |  | 54,047 |  | 194%
Selling, general and administrative | ​ |  | 15,199 | ​ |  | 11,759 | ​ |  | 3,440 |  | 29%
Other depreciation and amortization | ​ |  | 3,803 | ​ |  | 3,995 | ​ |  | (192) |  | (5)%
Other expense (income), net | ​ |  | 1,004 | ​ |  | (219) | ​ |  | 1,223 |  | (558)%
Operating income | ​ |  | 61,957 | ​ |  | 12,381 | ​ |  | 49,576 |  | 400%
Loss on extinguishment of debt | ​ | ​ | 2,128 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 2,128 |  | 100%
Interest expense, net | ​ |  | 7,498 | ​ |  | 9,572 | ​ |  | (2,074) |  | (22)%
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities | ​ | ​ | (3,711) | ​ | ​ | 1,227 | ​ | ​ | (4,938) | ​ | (402)%
Income before income tax | ​ |  | 56,042 | ​ |  | 1,582 | ​ |  | 54,460 |  | 3,442%
Income tax expense | ​ |  | 12,217 | ​ |  | 1,088 | ​ |  | 11,129 |  | 1,023%
Net income | ​ | $ | 43,825 | ​ | $ | 494 | ​ | $ | 43,331 |  | 8,771%

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For the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to for the three months ended March 31, 2022

Total Revenue. Total revenue was $147.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and consisted of $94.8 million of services income and $53.0 million of specialty rental income. Total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $80.3 million, which consisted of $58.7 million of services income and $21.7 million of specialty rental income.

Services income consists primarily of specialty rental and vertically integrated and comprehensive hospitality services, including room revenue, catering and food services, maintenance, housekeeping, grounds-keeping, on-site security, overall workforce community management, health and recreation facilities, concierge services, and laundry service. The main drivers of the increase in services income revenue year over year was the growth in the Government segment combined with a continued increase in customer activity in the HFS – South segment.

Specialty rental income consists primarily of revenues from leasing rooms and other facilities at certain communities that include contractual arrangements with customers that are considered leases under the authoritative accounting guidance for leases. Specialty rental income increased primarily as a result of growth in the Government segment.

Cost of services. Cost of services was $39.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to $34.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

The increase in services costs is primarily due to an increase in services costs in the HFS – South segment driven by the increase in customer activity mentioned above. This was partially offset by a decrease in services costs from the Government segment driven by a decrease in occupancy.

Specialty rental costs. Specialty rental costs were $8.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to $4.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase in specialty rental costs is primarily due to costs related to growth in the Government segment.

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Depreciation of specialty rental assets. Depreciation of specialty rental assets was $17.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to $12.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase in depreciation expense is primarily attributable to an increase in depreciation on specialty rental assets acquired in 2022 to support growth of the Government segment related to the contract that originated in May of 2022 with the NP Partner.

Selling, general and administrative. Selling, general and administrative was $15.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to $11.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase in selling, general and administrative expense of $3.4 million was primarily driven by an increase in stock compensation expense of approximately $2.3 million largely from the SAR awards as a result of an increase in the estimated fair value of the SAR awards driven by the net increase in the Company’s stock price. Approximately $0.6 million of this increase was driven by an increase in other labor costs as a result of a slight increase in headcount combined with wage increases. The remaining increase was attributable to an increase in general other corporate costs.

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Other depreciation and amortization. Other depreciation and amortization expense was $3.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to $4.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The decrease in other depreciation and amortization is primarily driven by a decrease in customer related intangible asset amortization associated with customer related intangible assets that became fully amortized in March 2022.

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Other expense (income), net. Other expense (income), net was $1.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to ($0.2) million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase in expense is primarily driven by costs incurred on the disposal of assets in the All Other segment category in the current period.

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Loss on extinguishment of debt. Loss on extinguishment of debt was $2.1 for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to $0 for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase in loss on extinguishment of debt is primarily due the partial redemption of the 2024 Senior Secured Notes on March 15, 2023, which was accounted for as a partial extinguishment of debt and resulted in a charge of approximately $1.7 million related to the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs and unamortized original issue discount. The remainder of the change of approximately $0.4 million related to the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs for non-continuing lenders in connection with the amendment of the ABL Facility on February 1, 2023. Refer to Note 8 of the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere within this Form 10-Q for further discussion regarding extinguishment of debt.

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Interest expense, net. Interest expense, net was $7.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to $9.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The change in interest expense, net was primarily driven by an increase of approximately $1.3 million in interest income earned on a cash equivalent funded by the increase in available cash due to growth of the business. This remaining portion of this change in interest expense, net was driven by a decrease in interest expense incurred on the ABL Facility and Notes driven by the lower outstanding debt balance in the current period as $125 million of the 2024 Senior Secured Notes were redeemed as previously mentioned and the ABL Facility had no outstanding balance in the current period compared to an outstanding balance in the prior period.

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Change in fair value of warrant liabilities. Change in fair value of warrant liabilities represents the fair value adjustments to the outstanding Private Warrant liabilities based on the change in their estimated fair value at each reporting period end. The change in fair value of the warrant liabilities was ($3.7) million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The change in the fair value of the warrant liabilities is the result of changes in market prices deriving the value of the financial instruments. The estimated value of the Private Warrants have decreased in the current period, generating an increase to income in the current period.

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Income tax expense. Income tax expense was $12.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as compared to $1.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The increase in income tax expense is primarily attributable to the increase in income before taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2023 as well as an increase in state tax expense based off of gross receipts as a result of the increase in revenues.

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Segment Results

The following table sets forth our selected results of operations for each of our reportable segments for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022 ($ in thousands, except for Average Daily Rate).

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Percentage
​ | ​ | For the Three Months Ended March 31, | ​ | Amount of Increase | ​ | Change Increase
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | (Decrease) |  | (Decrease)
Revenue: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Government | ​ | $ | 109,503 | ​ | $ | 46,790 | ​ | $ | 62,713 |  | 134%
HFS - South | ​ |  | 35,772 | ​ |  | 31,576 | ​ |  | 4,196 |  | 13%
All Other | ​ |  | 2,544 | ​ |  | 1,969 | ​ |  | 575 |  | 29%
Total Revenues | ​ | $ | 147,819 | ​ | $ | 80,335 | ​ | $ | 67,484 |  | 84%
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Adjusted Gross Profit | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Government | ​ | $ | 88,774 | ​ | $ | 27,876 | ​ | $ | 60,898 |  | 218%
HFS - South | ​ |  | 11,656 | ​ |  | 13,318 | ​ |  | (1,662) |  | (12)%
All Other | ​ |  | (870) | ​ |  | (478) | ​ |  | (392) |  | 82%
Total Adjusted Gross Profit | ​ | $ | 99,560 | ​ | $ | 40,716 | ​ | $ | 58,844 |  | 145%
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Average Daily Rate | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Hospitality & Facilities Services - South | ​ | $ | 73.42 | ​ | $ | 74.09 | ​ | $ | (0.67) | ​ | ​

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Note: Adjusted gross profit for the chief operating decision maker’s (“CODM”) analysis includes the services and rental costs recognized in the financial statements and excludes depreciation on specialty rental assets, certain severance costs, and loss on impairment. Average daily rate is calculated based on specialty rental income and services income received over the period indicated, divided by utilized bed nights.

Government

Revenue for the Government segment was $109.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to $46.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Adjusted gross profit for the Government segment was $88.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to $27.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

Revenue and adjusted gross profit increased as a result of the contract originated in the Government segment in May 2022 as previously mentioned.

HFS – South

Revenue for the HFS – South segment was $35.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to $31.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

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Adjusted gross profit for the HFS – South segment was $11.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023, as compared to $13.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

The increase in revenue of $4.2 million was primarily attributable to an increase in utilization driven by an increase in customer demand.

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The decrease in adjusted gross profit of $1.7 million was primarily attributable to an increase in occupancy and customer activity, which drove more variable cost, combined with a slight decrease in ADR.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

We depend on cash flow from operations, cash on hand and borrowings under our ABL Facility to finance our acquisition strategy, working capital needs, and capital expenditures. We currently believe that these sources of funds will provide sufficient liquidity to fund debt service requirements, support our growth strategy, lease obligations, contingent liabilities and working capital investments for at least the next 12 months. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain future debt or equity financings adequate for our future cash requirements on commercially reasonable terms or at all.

If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient, we may be forced to reduce or delay additional acquisitions, future investments and capital expenditures, and seek additional capital. Significant delays in our ability to finance planned acquisitions or capital expenditures may materially and adversely affect our future revenue prospects.

We will continue to evaluate alternatives to optimize our capital structure, which could include the issuance or repurchase of additional unsecured and secured debt, equity securities and/or equity-linked securities. There can be no assurance as to the timing of any such issuance or repurchase. From time to time, we may also seek to streamline our capital structure and improve our financial position through refinancing or restructuring our existing debt or retiring certain of our securities for cash or other consideration.

Capital Requirements

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, we incurred approximately $31.8 million in capital expenditures, excluding acquisition of intangibles, largely driven by growth capital expenditures in the HFS – South segment, with approximately $7.9 million driven primarily by growth capital expenditures in the Government segment. As we pursue growth in the future, we monitor which capital resources, including equity and debt financings, are available to us to meet our future financial obligations, planned capital expenditure activities and liquidity requirements. However, future cash flows are subject to a number of variables, including the ability to maintain existing contracts, obtain new contracts and manage our operating expenses. The failure to achieve anticipated revenue and cash flows from operations could result in additional reductions in future capital spending. We cannot assure you that operations and other needed capital will be available on acceptable terms or at all. In the event we make additional acquisitions and the amount of capital required is greater than the amount we have available for acquisitions at that time, we could be required to further reduce the expected level of capital expenditures or seek additional capital. We cannot assure you that needed capital will be available on acceptable terms or at all.

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The following table sets forth general information derived from our unaudited consolidated statements of cash flows:

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | For the Three Months Ended
($ in thousands) | ​ | March 31,
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | ​ | $ | 14,529 | ​ | $ | (30,580)
Net cash used in investing activities | ​ |  | (28,445) | ​ |  | (2,835)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | ​ |  | (125,325) | ​ |  | 15,831
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​ | ​ | 2
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | ​ | $ | (139,235) | ​ | $ | (17,582)

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For the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2022

Cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities. Net cash provided by operating activities was $14.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to net cash used in operating activities of $30.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022.

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The current period is up by approximately $45.1 million when compared to 2022 driven by an increase in cash collections from customers of approximately $62.1 million, an increase in interest received of approximately $1.6 million, and a decrease in interest payments of approximately $0.2 million driven by lower debt. These cash inflows were partially offset by an increase in payments for operating expenses and payroll of approximately $18.9 million driven by growth and recovery of the business as well as the cash payment for the vested SAR awards made during the three months ended March 31, 2023.

Cash flows used in investing activities. Net cash used in investing activities was $28.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to $2.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. This increase was primarily related to an increase in growth capital expenditures in the HFS – South segment with the largest single driver being the $18.6 million acquisition of community assets and related intangibles in January 2023, supporting continued customer demand.

Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities. Net cash used in financing activities was $125.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $15.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. This increase in net cash used in financing activities was primarily driven by the $125 million partial redemption of the 2024 Senior Secured Notes on March 15, 2023 combined with the prior period including a cash inflow related to a $16 million draw on the ABL Facility whereas there were no draws on the ABL Facility in the current period.

Indebtedness

Finance lease and other financing obligations

The Company’s finance lease and other financing obligations as of March 31, 2023 consisted of approximately $2.4 million of finance leases. The finance leases pertain to leases entered into during 2019 through March 31, 2023, for commercial-use vehicles with 36-month terms (and continue on a month-to-month basis thereafter) expiring through 2026.

The Company’s finance lease and other financing obligations as of December 31, 2022 consisted of approximately $2.2 million of finance leases related to commercial-use vehicles with the same terms as described above.

ABL Facility

During the three months ended March 31, 2023, no amounts were drawn or repaid on the ABL Facility resulting in an outstanding balance of $0 as of March 31, 2023. The maturity date of the ABL Facility is February 1, 2028, which extended termination date is subject to a springing maturity that will accelerate the maturity of the ABL Facility if any of the 2024 Senior Secured Notes remain outstanding on the date that is six months prior to the stated maturity date thereof. Refer to Note 8 of the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere within this Form 10-Q for additional discussion of the ABL Facility.

2024 Senior Secured Notes

On March 15, 2019, Arrow Bidco issued $340 million in aggregate principal amount of 2024 Senior Secured Notes under the Indenture by and among Arrow Bidco, the Note Guarantors, and Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee and as collateral agent. Interest is payable semi-annually on September 15 and March 15 and began September 15, 2019. Refer to Note 8 of the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere within this Form 10-Q for additional discussion of the 2024 Senior Secured Notes.

Cash requirements

We expect that our principal short-term (over the next 12 months) and long-term needs for cash relating to our operations will be to primarily fund (i) operating activities and working capital, (ii) maintenance and growth capital expenditures for specialty rental and other property, plant, and equipment assets, (iii) Principal payments on the 2024 Senior Secured Notes, (iv) debt service interest payments, and (v) payments due under finance and operating leases. We plan to fund such cash requirements from our existing sources of liquidity as previously discussed. The table below presents information on

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payments coming due under the most significant categories of our needs for cash (excluding operating cash flows pertaining to normal business operations, other than operating lease obligations) as of March 31, 2023:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
($ in thousands) |  | Total |  | Rest of 2023 | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2025 | ​ | 2026 | ​ | 2027
Interest Payments(1) | ​ | $ | 19,902 | ​ | $ | 9,951 | ​ | $ | 9,951 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | —
2024 Senior Secured Notes | ​ |  | 209,500 | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | 209,500 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | —
Operating lease obligations, including imputed interest(2) | ​ | ​ | 22,139 | ​ | ​ | 9,533 | ​ | ​ | 4,703 | ​ | ​ | 4,012 | ​ | ​ | 3,283 | ​ | ​ | 608
Total | ​ | $ | 251,541 | ​ | $ | 19,484 | ​ | $ | 224,154 | ​ | $ | 4,012 | ​ | $ | 3,283 | ​ | $ | 608

(1) | We will incur and pay interest expense at 9.50% of the remaining face value of $209.5 million annually, or $19.9 million in connection with our 2024 Senior Secured Notes. Over the remaining term of the Notes, interest payments total approximately $19.9 million.

(2) | Represents interest on operating lease obligations calculated using the appropriate discount rate for each lease.

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Concentration of Risks

In the normal course of business, we grant credit to customers based on credit evaluations of their financial condition and generally require no collateral or other security. Major customers are defined as those individually comprising more than 10% of our revenues or accounts receivable. For the three months ended March 31, 2023 we had one customer, who accounted for 65% of revenues, while no other customer accounted for more than 10% of revenues. The largest customers accounted for 18% and 10% of accounts receivable, respectively, while no other customers accounted for more than 10% of the accounts receivable balance as of March 31, 2023.

Our two largest customers for the three months ended March 31, 2022 accounted for 41% and 17% of revenues, respectively, while no other customer accounted for more than 10% of revenues. The largest customers accounted for 18% and 11% of accounts receivable, respectively, while no other customer accounted for more than 10% of the accounts receivable balance as of March 31, 2022.

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Major suppliers are defined as those individually comprising more than 10% of the annual goods purchased by the Company. For the three months ended March 31, 2023, we had one major supplier representing 18% of goods purchased. For the three months ended March 31, 2022, we had one major supplier that represented 22% of goods purchased.

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We provide services almost entirely to customers in the government and natural resource industries and as such, are almost entirely dependent upon the continued activity of such customers.

The failure of Silicon Valley Bank and other banks in the U.S. in March 2023 has given rise to uncertainty in the security of amounts in deposit accounts uninsured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Although we do not have banking relationships with such banks, we continue to monitor these events and the potential impact on our business.

Commitments and Contingencies

The Company leases certain land, buildings, offices, modular units, and equipment under non-cancellable operating leases, the terms of which vary and generally contain renewal options. Such operating lease obligations are recognized in the Company’s accompanying balance sheet as of March 31, 2023 as current portion of operating lease obligations and long-term operating lease obligations. Refer to the Company’s unaudited consolidated balance sheet included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the amounts recognized as current portion of operating lease obligations and long-term operating lease obligations as of March 31, 2023.

Rent expense included in services costs in the unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income for cancelable and non-cancelable leases was $6.4 million and $3.8 million for three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Rent expense included in the selling, general, and administrative expenses in the unaudited consolidated statements of comprehensive income for cancelable and non-cancelable leases was $0.1 million and $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our unaudited consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“US GAAP”).

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For a discussion of the critical accounting policies and estimates that we use in the preparation of our audited consolidated financial statements, refer to Note 1 of the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Part II, Item 8 of our 2022 Form 10-K. Additionally, refer to Note 1 of our notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q for additional discussion of our summary of significant accounting policies and use of estimates. These estimates require significant judgments and assumptions. There have been no material changes during the three months ended March 31, 2023 to the judgments, assumptions and estimates upon which our critical accounting estimates are based.

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Principles of Consolidation

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Refer to Note 1 of the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q for a discussion of principles of consolidation.

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Recently Issued and Adopted Accounting Standards

Refer to Note 1 of the notes to our unaudited consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q for our assessment of recently issued and adopted accounting standards.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We have included Adjusted gross profit, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Discretionary cash flows which are measurements not calculated in accordance with US GAAP, in the discussion of our financial results because they are key metrics used by management to assess financial performance. Our business is capital-intensive and these additional metrics allow management to further evaluate our operating performance.

Target Hospitality defines Adjusted gross profit, as gross profit plus depreciation of specialty rental assets and loss on impairment, and certain severance costs.

Target Hospitality defines EBITDA as net income (loss) before interest expense and loss on extinguishment of debt, income tax expense (benefit), depreciation of specialty rental assets, and other depreciation and amortization.

Adjusted EBITDA reflects the following further adjustments to EBITDA to exclude certain non-cash items and the effect of what management considers transactions or events not related to its core business operations:

| ● | Other expense (income), net: Other expense (income), net includes miscellaneous cash receipts, gains and losses on disposals of property, plant, and equipment, COVID-19 related expenses, and other immaterial non-cash items.

| ● | Transaction expenses: Target Hospitality incurred certain immaterial transaction costs during 2023 with no such items incurred during 2022.

| ● | Stock-based compensation: Charges associated with stock-based compensation expense, which has been, and will continue to be for the foreseeable future, a significant recurring expense in our business and an important part of our compensation strategy.

| ● | Change in fair value of warrant liabilities: Non-cash change in estimated fair value of warrant liabilities.

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| ● | Other adjustments: System implementation costs, including primarily non-cash amortization of capitalized system implementation costs, business development, accounting standard implementation costs and certain severance costs.

We define Discretionary cash flows as cash flows from operations less maintenance capital expenditures for specialty rental assets.

EBITDA reflects net income (loss) excluding the impact of interest expense and loss on extinguishment of debt, provision for income taxes, depreciation, and amortization. We believe that EBITDA is a meaningful indicator of operating performance because we use it to measure our ability to service debt, fund capital expenditures, and expand our business. We also use EBITDA, as do analysts, lenders, investors, and others, to evaluate companies because it excludes certain items that can vary widely across different industries or among companies within the same industry. For example, interest expense can be dependent on a company’s capital structure, debt levels, and credit ratings. Accordingly, the impact of interest expense on earnings can vary significantly among companies. The tax positions of companies can also vary because of their differing abilities to take advantage of tax benefits and because of the tax policies of the jurisdictions in which they operate. As a result, effective tax rates and provision for income taxes can vary considerably among companies. EBITDA also excludes depreciation and amortization expense, because companies utilize productive assets of different ages and use different methods of both acquiring and depreciating productive assets. These differences can result in considerable variability in the relative costs of productive assets and the depreciation and amortization expense among companies.

Target Hospitality also believes that Adjusted EBITDA is a meaningful indicator of operating performance. Our Adjusted EBITDA reflects adjustments to exclude the effects of additional items, including certain items, that are not reflective of the ongoing operating results of Target Hospitality. In addition, to derive Adjusted EBITDA, we exclude gains or losses on the sale or disposal of depreciable assets and impairment losses because including them in EBITDA is inconsistent with reporting the ongoing performance of our remaining assets. Additionally, the gain or loss on sale or disposal of depreciable assets and impairment losses represents either accelerated depreciation or excess depreciation in previous periods, and depreciation is excluded from EBITDA.

Target Hospitality also presents Discretionary cash flows because we believe it provides useful information regarding our business as more fully described below. Discretionary cash flows indicate the amount of cash available after maintenance capital expenditures for specialty rental assets for, among other things, investments in our existing business.

Adjusted gross profit, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Discretionary cash flows are not measurements of Target Hospitality’s financial performance under GAAP and should not be considered as alternatives to gross profit, net income or other performance measures derived in accordance with GAAP, or as alternatives to cash flow from operating activities as measures of Target Hospitality’s liquidity. Adjusted gross profit, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Discretionary cash flows should not be considered as discretionary cash available to Target Hospitality to reinvest in the growth of our business or as measures of cash that is available to it to meet our obligations. In addition, the measurement of Adjusted gross profit, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Discretionary cash flows may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. Target Hospitality’s management believes that Adjusted gross profit, EBITDA, Adjusted EBITDA, and Discretionary cash flow provide useful information to investors about Target Hospitality and its financial condition and results of operations for the following reasons: (i) they are among the measures used by Target Hospitality’s management team to evaluate its operating performance; (ii) they are among the measures used by Target Hospitality’s management team to make day-to-day operating decisions, (iii) they are frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties as a common performance measure to compare results across companies in Target Hospitality’s industry.

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The following table presents a reconciliation of Target Hospitality’s consolidated gross profit to Adjusted gross profit:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | For the Three Months Ended | ​
($ in thousands) | March 31, | ​
​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022 | ​
Gross Profit | $ | 81,963 | ​ | $ | 27,916 | ​
Depreciation of specialty rental assets | ​ | 17,597 | ​ | ​ | 12,800 | ​
Adjusted gross profit | $ | 99,560 | ​ | $ | 40,716 | ​

​

The following table presents a reconciliation of Target Hospitality’s consolidated net income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | For the Three Months Ended
($ in thousands) | ​ | March 31,
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net income | ​ | $ | 43,825 | ​ | $ | 494
Income tax expense | ​ |  | 12,217 | ​ |  | 1,088
Interest expense, net | ​ |  | 7,498 | ​ |  | 9,572
Loss on extinguishment of debt | ​ | ​ | 2,128 | ​ | ​ | —
Other depreciation and amortization | ​ |  | 3,803 | ​ |  | 3,995
Depreciation of specialty rental assets | ​ |  | 17,597 | ​ |  | 12,800
EBITDA | ​ |  | 87,068 | ​ |  | 27,949
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Adjustments | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Other expense (income), net | ​ |  | 1,004 | ​ |  | (219)
Transaction expenses | ​ |  | 51 | ​ |  | —
Stock-based compensation | ​ | ​ | 5,646 | ​ | ​ | 3,337
Change in fair value of warrant liabilities | ​ | ​ | (3,711) | ​ | ​ | 1,227
Other adjustments | ​ | ​ | 539 | ​ | ​ | 1,090
Adjusted EBITDA | ​ | $ | 90,597 | ​ | $ | 33,384

​

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The following table presents a reconciliation of Target Hospitality’s Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities to Discretionary cash flows:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | For the Three Months Ended
($ in thousands) | ​ | March 31,
​ | ​ | 2023 | ​ | 2022
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | ​ | $ | 14,529 | ​ | $ | (30,580)
Less: Maintenance capital expenditures for specialty rental assets | ​ | ​ | (1,808) | ​ | ​ | (2,448)
Discretionary cash flows | ​ | $ | 12,721 | ​ | $ | (33,028)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Purchase of specialty rental assets | ​ | ​ | (23,002) | ​ | ​ | (2,843)
Purchase of property, plant and equipment | ​ | ​ | (1,015) | ​ | ​ | (117)
Acquired intangible assets | ​ | ​ | (4,547) | ​ | ​ | —
Proceeds from sale of specialty rental assets and other property, plant and equipment | ​ | ​ | 119 | ​ | ​ | 125
Net cash used in investing activities | ​ | $ | (28,445) | ​ | $ | (2,835)
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Principal payments on finance and finance lease obligations | ​ | ​ | (356) | ​ | ​ | (169)
Proceeds from borrowings on ABL | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 16,000
Repayment of Senior Notes | ​ | ​ | (125,000) | ​ | ​ | —
Proceeds from issuance of Common Stock from exercise of warrants | ​ | ​ | 42 | ​ | ​ | —
Proceeds from issuance of Common Stock from exercise of options | ​ | ​ | 1,252 | ​ | ​ | —
Payment of deferred financing costs | ​ | ​ | (1,263) | ​ | ​ | —
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | ​ | $ | (125,325) | ​ | $ | 15,831

​

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

​

Our principal market risks are our exposure to interest rates and commodity risks.

Interest Rates

We are exposed to interest rate risk through our ABL Facility which is subject to the risk of higher interest charges associated with increases in interest rates. As of March 31, 2023, we had $0 of outstanding floating-rate obligations under our credit facilities. These floating-rate obligations expose us to the risk of increased interest expense in the event of increases in short-term interest rates. If floating interest rates increased by 100 basis points, our consolidated interest expense would not be impacted, however, based on our floating-rate debt obligations, which had no outstanding balances as of March 31, 2023.

Commodity Risk

Commodity price fluctuations also indirectly influence our activities and results of operations over the long-term because they may affect production rates and investments by natural resource development companies in the development of commodity reserves.

We have limited direct exposure to risks associated with fluctuating commodity prices. However, both our profitability and our cash flows are affected by volatility in commodity prices. We do not currently hedge our exposure to commodity prices.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures

As of the end of the period covered by this report, the Company’s management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our

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management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure and is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC. Based upon that evaluation, the Company’s management and our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2023, at the reasonable assurance level.

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

​

We are involved in various lawsuits, claims and legal proceedings, the majority of which arise out of the ordinary course of business. The nature of the Company’s business is such that disputes occasionally arise with vendors including suppliers and subcontractors, and customers over contract specifications and contract interpretations among other things. The company assesses these matters on a case-by-case basis as they arise. Reserves are established, as required, based on its assessment of exposure. We have insurance policies to cover general liability and workers’ compensation-related claims. In the opinion of management, the ultimate amount of liability not covered by insurance, if any, under such pending lawsuits, claims and legal proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on its financial condition or results of operations. Because litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties including unfavorable rulings or developments, it is possible that the ultimate resolution of our legal proceedings could involve amounts that are different from our currently recorded accruals, and that such differences could be material.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors

​

The Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows are subject to various risks, many of which are not exclusively within the Company’s control and which may cause actual performance to differ materially from historical or projected future performance. For additional information about our risk factors, you should carefully consider the risk factors included in the 2022 Form 10-K, which have not materially changed.

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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

​

The Company did not sell any securities during the quarter ended March 31, 2023 that were not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act").

​

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

On November 3, 2022, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a stock repurchase program that authorizes the Company to repurchase up to $100 million of its outstanding shares of Common Stock. The stock repurchase program does not obligate the Company to purchase any particular number of shares, and the timing and exact amount of any repurchases will depend on various factors, including market pricing and conditions, business, legal, accounting, and other considerations.

​

The Company may repurchase its shares in open market transactions from time to time or through privately negotiated transactions in accordance with federal securities laws, at the Company's discretion. The repurchase program, which has no expiration date, may be increased, suspended, or terminated at any time. The program is expected to be implemented over the course of several years and is conducted subject to the covenants in the agreements governing the Company's indebtedness. No share repurchases were made during the quarter ended March 31, 2023.

​

​

Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities

None.

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Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits

​

| ​ ​ |
Exhibit No. |  | Exhibit Description
10.1 | ​ | First Amendment to the ABL Credit Agreement, dated as of February 1, 2023, by and among Arrow Bidco, LLC, Topaz Holdings LLC, the other Loan Parties thereto, Bank of America, N.A. as administrative agent, collateral agent and swingline lender each Fronting Bank party thereto and each of the New Revolver Lenders party thereto (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the SEC on February 2, 2023).
​ | ​ | ​
10.2 | ​ | Form of Executive Restricted Stock Unit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 6, 2023).
​ | ​ | ​
10.3 | ​ | Form of Executive Performance Stock Unit Agreement (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on March 6, 2023).
​ | ​ | ​
31.1* | ​ | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
​ | ​ | ​
31.2* | ​ | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
​ | ​ | ​
32.1** | ​ | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
​ | ​ | ​
32.2** | ​ | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
​ | ​ | ​
101.INS | ​ | XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
​ | ​ | ​
101.SCH | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
​ | ​ | ​
101.CAL | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
​ | ​ | ​
101.DEF | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
​ | ​ | ​
101.LAB | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
​ | ​ | ​
101.PRE | ​ | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
​ | ​ | ​
104 | ​ | Cover Page Interactive Data File––the cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

-----------------

* Filed herewith

** The certifications furnished in Exhibit 32.1 and 32.2 hereto are deemed to accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and will not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.

​

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

​

​ | Target Hospitality Corp.
​ | ​
Dated: May 9, 2023 | By: | /s/ ERIC T. KALAMARAS
​ | ​ | Eric T. Kalamaras
​ | ​ | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

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