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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2022

OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 1-32381

HERBALIFE NUTRITION LTD.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Cayman Islands | 98-0377871
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
P.O. Box 309 Ugland House Grand Cayman Cayman Islands | KY1-1104
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip code)

(213) 745-0500

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class: | Trading Symbol(s): | Name of each exchange on which registered:
Common Shares, par value $0.0005 per share | HLF | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐
Emerging growth company | ☐ |  |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Number of shares of registrant’s common shares outstanding as of April 26, 2022 was 108,356,010.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | Page No.
| PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Financial Statements | 3
| Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets | 3
| Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income | 4
| Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income | 5
| Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 6
| Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 7
Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 31
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 51
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 54
| PART II. OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 57
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 57
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 57
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 57
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 57
Item 5. | Other Information | 57
Item 6. | Exhibits | 57

2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

HERBALIFE NUTRITION LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | December 31, 2021 |
|  | (in millions, except share and par value amounts) |
ASSETS |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 569.7 |  |  | $ | 601.5 |
Receivables, net of allowance for doubtful accounts |  |  | 84.0 |  |  |  | 66.9 |
Inventories |  |  | 570.0 |  |  |  | 575.7 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 215.4 |  |  |  | 187.7 |
Total current assets |  |  | 1,439.1 |  |  |  | 1,431.8 |
Property, plant, and equipment, at cost, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization |  |  | 453.7 |  |  |  | 442.1 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  |  | 214.8 |  |  |  | 220.0 |
Marketing-related intangibles and other intangible assets, net |  |  | 316.9 |  |  |  | 317.3 |
Goodwill |  |  | 96.0 |  |  |  | 95.4 |
Other assets |  |  | 304.2 |  |  |  | 313.2 |
Total assets |  | $ | 2,824.7 |  |  | $ | 2,819.8 |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ DEFICIT |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 90.4 |  |  | $ | 92.0 |
Royalty overrides |  |  | 406.1 |  |  |  | 363.2 |
Current portion of long-term debt |  |  | 29.4 |  |  |  | 29.4 |
Other current liabilities |  |  | 573.7 |  |  |  | 595.8 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 1,099.6 |  |  |  | 1,080.4 |
Long-term debt, net of current portion |  |  | 2,786.5 |  |  |  | 2,733.2 |
Non-current operating lease liabilities |  |  | 195.9 |  |  |  | 201.2 |
Other non-current liabilities |  |  | 196.0 |  |  |  | 196.5 |
Total liabilities |  |  | 4,278.0 |  |  |  | 4,211.3 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |  |  |  |
Shareholders’ deficit: |  |  |  |  |  |
Common shares, $0.0005 par value; 2.0 billion shares authorized; 98.8 million (2022) and 100.8 million (2021) shares outstanding |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 0.1 |
Paid-in capital in excess of par value |  |  | 173.0 |  |  |  | 318.1 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  |  | (210.0 | ) |  |  | (211.8 | )
Accumulated deficit |  |  | (1,087.5 | ) |  |  | (1,169.0 | )
Treasury stock, at cost, 10.0 million (2022) and 10.0 million (2021) shares |  |  | (328.9 | ) |  |  | (328.9 | )
Total shareholders’ deficit |  |  | (1,453.3 | ) |  |  | (1,391.5 | )
Total liabilities and shareholders’ deficit |  | $ | 2,824.7 |  |  | $ | 2,819.8 |

See the accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

3

HERBALIFE NUTRITION LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | March 31, 2021 |
|  | (in millions, except per share amounts) |
Net sales |  | $ | 1,335.8 |  |  | $ | 1,501.6 |
Cost of sales |  |  | 307.1 |  |  |  | 314.3 |
Gross profit |  |  | 1,028.7 |  |  |  | 1,187.3 |
Royalty overrides |  |  | 433.8 |  |  |  | 474.0 |
Selling, general, and administrative expenses |  |  | 454.9 |  |  |  | 506.7 |
Other operating income |  |  | (13.1 | ) |  |  | (15.9 | )
Operating income |  |  | 153.1 |  |  |  | 222.5 |
Interest expense, net |  |  | 29.7 |  |  |  | 37.5 |
Income before income taxes |  |  | 123.4 |  |  |  | 185.0 |
Income taxes |  |  | 25.2 |  |  |  | 37.6 |
Net income |  | $ | 98.2 |  |  | $ | 147.4 |
Earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.98 |  |  | $ | 1.36 |
Diluted |  | $ | 0.96 |  |  | $ | 1.33 |
Weighted-average shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  |  | 99.9 |  |  |  | 108.4 |
Diluted |  |  | 101.7 |  |  |  | 111.1 |

See the accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

4

HERBALIFE NUTRITION LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | March 31, 2021 |
|  | (in millions) |
Net income |  | $ | 98.2 |  |  | $ | 147.4 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of income taxes of $— and $1.5 for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively |  |  | 4.4 |  |  |  | (23.7 | )
Unrealized (loss) gain on derivatives, net of income taxes of $— for both the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 |  |  | (2.6 | ) |  |  | 0.9 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 1.8 |  |  |  | (22.8 | )
Total comprehensive income |  | $ | 100.0 |  |  | $ | 124.6 |

See the accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

5

HERBALIFE NUTRITION LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | March 31, 2021 |
|  | (in millions) |
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 98.2 |  |  | $ | 147.4 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 29.2 |  |  |  | 26.4 |
Share-based compensation expenses |  |  | 12.4 |  |  |  | 13.3 |
Non-cash interest expense |  |  | 1.7 |  |  |  | 7.1 |
Deferred income taxes |  |  | 5.9 |  |  |  | 8.3 |
Inventory write-downs |  |  | 10.9 |  |  |  | 9.5 |
Foreign exchange transaction loss |  |  | 2.4 |  |  |  | 0.3 |
Other |  |  | (3.8 | ) |  |  | (1.1 | )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Receivables |  |  | (16.7 | ) |  |  | (21.9 | )
Inventories |  |  | (7.9 | ) |  |  | (31.5 | )
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | (28.8 | ) |  |  | (15.7 | )
Accounts payable |  |  | (2.3 | ) |  |  | 23.4 |
Royalty overrides |  |  | 42.8 |  |  |  | (8.4 | )
Other current liabilities |  |  | (22.3 | ) |  |  | (52.0 | )
Other |  |  | 8.8 |  |  |  | 5.0 |
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 130.5 |  |  |  | 110.1 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Purchases of property, plant, and equipment |  |  | (41.3 | ) |  |  | (33.4 | )
Other |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | — |
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | (41.2 | ) |  |  | (33.4 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Borrowings from senior secured credit facility, net of discount |  |  | 82.0 |  |  |  | 270.0 |
Principal payments on senior secured credit facility and other debt |  |  | (89.3 | ) |  |  | (125.2 | )
Share repurchases |  |  | (116.2 | ) |  |  | (645.0 | )
Other |  |  | 1.1 |  |  |  | 1.0 |
Net cash used in financing activities |  |  | (122.4 | ) |  |  | (499.2 | )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash |  |  | 1.3 |  |  |  | (11.2 | )
Net change in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash |  |  | (31.8 | ) |  |  | (433.7 | )
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period |  |  | 610.4 |  |  |  | 1,054.0 |
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period |  | $ | 578.6 |  |  | $ | 620.3 |

See the accompanying notes to unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

6

HERBALIFE NUTRITION LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

1. Organization

Herbalife Nutrition Ltd., a Cayman Islands exempted company with limited liability, was incorporated on April 4, 2002. Herbalife Nutrition Ltd. (and together with its subsidiaries, the “Company,” “Herbalife,” or “Herbalife Nutrition”) is a global nutrition company that sells weight management; targeted nutrition; energy, sports, and fitness; and outer nutrition products to and through a network of independent members, or Members. In China, the Company sells its products to and through independent service providers and sales representatives to customers and preferred customers, as well as through Company-operated retail platforms when necessary. The Company sells its products in six geographic regions: North America; Mexico; South and Central America; EMEA, which consists of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa; Asia Pacific (excluding China); and China.

2. Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited condensed consolidated interim financial information of the Company has been prepared in accordance with Article 10 of the Securities and Exchange Commission’s, or SEC, Regulation S-X. Accordingly, as permitted by Article 10 of the SEC’s Regulation S-X, it does not include all of the information required by generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S., or U.S. GAAP, for complete financial statements. The condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2021 was derived from the audited financial statements at that date and does not include all the disclosures required by U.S. GAAP, as permitted by Article 10 of the SEC’s Regulation S-X. The Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2022 and for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 include Herbalife Nutrition Ltd. and all of its direct and indirect subsidiaries. In the opinion of management, the accompanying financial information contains all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, necessary to present fairly the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2022 and for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, or the 2021 10-K. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2022.

Recently Adopted Pronouncements

In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-06, Debt — Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging — Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity. This ASU simplifies the accounting for convertible instruments by eliminating certain accounting models, resulting in fewer embedded conversion features being separately recognized from the host contract, and also amends the guidance for derivatives scope exception for contracts in an entity’s own equity to reduce form-over-substance-based accounting conclusions. Additionally, the amendments in this ASU affect the diluted EPS calculation for convertible instruments. It requires that the effect of potential share settlement be included in the diluted EPS calculation when a convertible instrument may be settled in cash or shares; the if-converted method as opposed to the treasury stock method is required to calculate diluted EPS for these types of convertible instruments. The amendments in this update are effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The Company adopted this guidance during the first quarter of 2022 using the modified retrospective method and recognized a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit in the period of adoption. As a result of the adoption, on January 1, 2022, the Company increased long-term debt by approximately $59.1 million, reduced paid-in capital in excess of par value by approximately $136.7 million, and decreased accumulated deficit by approximately $77.6 million within its condensed consolidated balance sheet. Future non-cash interest expense related to convertible instruments will be lower as a result of adoption of this guidance and net income per share will be computed using the if-converted method for convertible instruments.

In December 2021, the Company made an irrevocable election under the indenture governing the convertible senior notes due 2024, or the 2024 Convertible Notes, to require the principal portion of the 2024 Convertible Notes to be settled in cash and any excess in shares or cash. Following the irrevocable election, only the amounts expected to be settled in excess of the principal will be considered in diluted earnings per share under the if-converted method pursuant to ASU 2020-06. This irrevocable election under the indenture had no impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021.

7

In November 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-10, Government Assistance (Topic 832): Disclosures by Business Entities about Government Assistance. This ASU increases the transparency of government assistance including the disclosure of: (1) the types of assistance, (2) an entity’s accounting for the assistance, and (3) the effect of the assistance on an entity’s financial statements. The amendments in this update are effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2021, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of this guidance during the first quarter of 2022 did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

New Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-01, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Fair Value Hedging — Portfolio Layer Method. This ASU improves hedge accounting to better portray the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities in its financial statements. It expands the current last-of-layer method that permits only one hedged layer to allow multiple hedged layers of a single closed portfolio, and to reflect that expansion, the last-of-layer method is renamed the portfolio layer method. The amendments in this update are effective for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2022, with early adoption permitted. The Company is evaluating the potential impact of this adoption on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

Revenue Recognition

The Company’s net sales consist of product sales. In general, the Company’s performance obligation is to transfer its products to its Members. The Company generally recognizes revenue when product is delivered to its Members. For the majority of China independent service providers and for third-party importers utilized in certain other countries where sales historically have not been material, the Company recognizes revenue based on the Company’s estimate of when the service provider or third-party importer sells the products because the Company is deemed to be the principal party of these product sales due to the additional selling and operating requirements relating to pricing of products, conducting business with physical locations, and other selling and marketing activities required of the service providers and third-party importers. Beginning January 1, 2022, the Company began recognizing revenue for certain China independent service providers upon delivery as such Members have pricing discretion and increased fulfillment responsibilities and accordingly were determined to be the Company’s customers for accounting purposes.

The Company’s Members, excluding its China independent service providers, may receive distributor allowances, which are comprised of discounts, rebates, and wholesale commission payments from the Company. Distributor allowances resulting from the Company’s sales of its products to its Members are recorded against net sales because the distributor allowances represent discounts from the suggested retail price.

The Company compensates its sales leader Members with royalty overrides for services rendered relating to the development, retention, and management of their sales organizations. Royalty overrides are payable based on achieved sales volume. Royalty overrides are classified as an operating expense reflecting the services provided to the Company. The Company compensates its China independent service providers and third-party importers utilized in certain other countries for providing marketing, selling, and customer support services. As the Company is the principal party for the majority of product sales as described above, the majority of service fees payable to China independent service providers and the compensation received by third-party importers for the services they provide, which represents the discount provided to them, are recorded in selling, general, and administrative expenses within the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of income. For those certain China independent service providers who are deemed to be the Company’s customers for accounting purposes, a portion of the service fees payable to these Members is classified as a reduction of net sales as opposed to the entire service fee being recognized within selling, general, and administrative expenses.

The Company recognizes revenue when it delivers products to its United States Members; distributor allowances, inclusive of discounts and wholesale commissions, are recorded as a reduction to net sales; and royalty overrides are classified as an operating expense.

Shipping and handling services relating to product sales are recognized as fulfillment activities on the Company’s performance obligation to transfer products and are therefore recorded within net sales as part of product sales and are not considered as separate revenues. Shipping and handling costs paid by the Company are included in cost of sales.

The Company presents sales taxes collected from customers on a net basis.

8

The Company generally receives the net sales price in cash or through credit card payments at the point of sale. Accounts receivable consist principally of credit card receivables arising from the sale of products to the Company’s Members, and its collection risk is reduced due to geographic dispersion. Credit card receivables were $68.8 million and $53.0 million as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. Substantially all credit card receivables were current as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. The Company recorded bad-debt expense related to allowances for the Company’s receivables of zero and $0.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of both March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company’s allowance for doubtful accounts was $2.5 million. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the majority of the Company’s total outstanding accounts receivable were current.

The Company records advance sales deposits when payment is received but revenue has not yet been recognized. In the majority of the Company’s markets, advance sales deposits are generally recorded to income when the product is delivered to its Members. Additionally, advance sales deposits also include deferred revenues due to the timing of revenue recognition for products sold through China independent service providers. The estimated deferral period for advance sales deposits is generally within one week. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recognized substantially all of the revenues that were included within advance sales deposits as of December 31, 2021 and any remaining such balance was not material as of March 31, 2022. Advance sales deposits are included in other current liabilities within the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets. See Note 14, Detail of Certain Balance Sheet Accounts, for further information.

In general, if a Member returns product to the Company on a timely basis, they may obtain replacement product from the Company for such returned products. In addition, in general the Company maintains a buyback program pursuant to which it will repurchase products sold to a Member who has decided to leave the business. Allowances for product returns, primarily in connection with the Company’s buyback program, are provided at the time the sale is recorded. This accrual is based upon historical return rates for each country and the relevant return pattern, which reflects anticipated returns to be received over a period of up to 12 months following the original sale. Allowances for product returns were $3.0 million and $3.4 million as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

The Company’s products are grouped in five principal categories: weight management; targeted nutrition; energy, sports, and fitness; outer nutrition; and literature and promotional items. However, the effect of economic factors on the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue recognition and cash flows are similar among all five product categories. The Company defines its operating segments through six geographic regions. The effect of economic factors on the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue recognition and cash flows are similar among the geographic regions within the Company’s Primary Reporting Segment. See Note 6, Segment Information, for further information on the Company’s reportable segments and the Company’s presentation of disaggregated revenue by reportable segment.

Distributor Compensation – U.S.

In the U.S., distributor compensation, including Royalty overrides, is capped if the Company does not meet an annual requirement as described in the consent order discussed in more detail in Note 5, Contingencies. On a periodic basis, the Company evaluates if this requirement will be achieved by year end to determine if a cap on distributor compensation will be required, and then determines the appropriate amount of distributor compensation expense, which may vary in each reporting period. As of March 31, 2022, the Company believes that the cap to distributor compensation will not be applicable for the current year.

Other Operating Income

To encourage local investment and operations, governments in various China provinces conduct grant programs. The Company applied for and received several such grants in China. Government grants are recorded into income when a legal right to the grant exists, there is a reasonable assurance that the grant proceeds will be received, and the substantive conditions under which the grants were provided have been met. Generally, these substantive conditions are the Company maintaining operations and paying certain taxes in the relevant province and obtaining government approval by completing an annual application process. The Company believes the continuing obligation with respect to the funds is a general requirement that they are used only for its business in China. The Company recognized government grant income related to its regional headquarters and distribution centers within China of approximately $13.1 million and $15.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, in other operating income within its condensed consolidated statements of income. The Company intends to continue applying for government grants in China when programs are available; however, there is no assurance that the Company will receive grants in future periods.

9

Restricted Cash

The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash reported within the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets that sum to the total of the same such amounts shown in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of cash flows:

|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | December 31, 2021 |
|  | (in millions) |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 569.7 |  |  | $ | 601.5 |
Restricted cash included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  |  | 2.6 |  |  |  | 2.6 |
Restricted cash included in Other assets |  |  | 6.3 |  |  |  | 6.3 |
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the statement of cash flows |  | $ | 578.6 |  |  | $ | 610.4 |

The majority of the Company’s consolidated restricted cash is held by certain of its foreign entities and consists of cash deposits that are required due to the business operating requirements in those jurisdictions.

COVID-19 Pandemic

During March 2020, the World Health Organization characterized the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19, as a pandemic. In response to the spread of COVID-19, certain government agencies and the Company itself have mandated various measures and recommended others, in each to protect the public and the Company’s employees, which have disrupted certain areas of the Company’s business including, but not limited to, distribution and selling activities. The ultimate extent and magnitude of the impact of COVID-19 is not known and could have a material adverse impact to the Company’s business and future financial condition and results of operations. Management has been and continues to actively monitor the impact of COVID-19 generally and on the Company.

The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements presented herein reflect the latest estimates and assumptions made by management that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and related disclosures as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting periods presented. The Company believes it has used reasonable estimates and assumptions to assess the fair values of its goodwill, marketing-related intangible assets, and long-lived assets; assessment of the annual effective tax rate; valuation of deferred income taxes; and the allowance for doubtful accounts. After reviewing historical and forward-looking information, the Company determined there were no impairments required relating to its goodwill, marketing-related intangible assets, and long-lived assets during the three months ended March 31, 2022.

3. Inventories

Inventories consist primarily of finished goods available for resale. Inventories are stated at lower of cost (primarily on the first-in, first-out basis) and net realizable value.

The following are the major classes of inventory:

|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | December 31, 2021 |
|  | (in millions) |
Raw materials |  | $ | 89.4 |  |  | $ | 81.8 |
Work in process |  |  | 9.2 |  |  |  | 8.6 |
Finished goods |  |  | 471.4 |  |  |  | 485.3 |
Total |  | $ | 570.0 |  |  | $ | 575.7 |

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4. Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consists of the following:

|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | December 31, 2021 |
|  | (in millions) |
Borrowings under senior secured credit facility, carrying value |  | $ | 1,081.8 |  |  | $ | 1,088.6 |
2.625% convertible senior notes due 2024, carrying value |  |  | 545.6 |  |  |  | 486.0 |
7.875% senior notes due 2025, carrying value |  |  | 594.5 |  |  |  | 594.2 |
4.875% senior notes due 2029, carrying value |  |  | 593.0 |  |  |  | 592.8 |
Other |  |  | 1.0 |  |  |  | 1.0 |
Total |  |  | 2,815.9 |  |  |  | 2,762.6 |
Less: current portion |  |  | 29.4 |  |  |  | 29.4 |
Long-term portion |  | $ | 2,786.5 |  |  | $ | 2,733.2 |

Senior Secured Credit Facility

On August 16, 2018, the Company entered into a $1.25 billion senior secured credit facility, or the 2018 Credit Facility, consisting of a $250.0 million term loan A, or the 2018 Term Loan A, a $750.0 million term loan B, or the 2018 Term Loan B, and a $250.0 million revolving credit facility, or the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility, with a syndicate of financial institutions as lenders. The 2018 Term Loan B matures upon the earlier of: (i) August 18, 2025; or (ii) December 15, 2023 if the outstanding principal on the 2024 Convertible Notes, as defined below, exceeds $350.0 million and the Company exceeds certain leverage ratios as of that date. All obligations under the 2018 Credit Facility are unconditionally guaranteed by certain direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries of Herbalife Nutrition Ltd. and secured by the equity interests of certain of Herbalife Nutrition Ltd.’s subsidiaries and substantially all of the assets of the domestic loan parties. Also on August 16, 2018, the Company issued $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes, or the 2026 Notes as described below, and used the proceeds from the 2018 Credit Facility and the 2026 Notes to repay in full the $1,178.1 million outstanding under the Company’s prior senior secured credit facility.

The 2018 Term Loan B was issued to the lenders at a 0.25% discount, or $1.9 million. The Company incurred approximately $11.7 million of debt issuance costs in connection with the 2018 Credit Facility. The discount and debt issuance costs are recorded on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet and are being amortized over the life of the 2018 Credit Facility using the effective-interest method.

On December 12, 2019, the Company amended the 2018 Credit Facility which, among other things, reduced the interest rate for borrowings under the 2018 Term Loan B from either the eurocurrency rate plus a margin of 3.25% or the base rate plus a margin of 2.25% to either the eurocurrency rate plus a margin of 2.75% or the base rate plus a margin of 1.75%. The Company incurred approximately $1.2 million of debt issuance costs in connection with the amendment. For accounting purposes, pursuant to FASB ASC Topic 470, Debt, or ASC 470, this transaction was accounted for as a modification of the 2018 Credit Facility. The debt issuance costs were recognized in interest expense, net within the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of income during the fourth quarter of 2019.

On March 19, 2020, the Company amended the 2018 Credit Facility which, among other things, extended the maturity of both the 2018 Term Loan A and 2018 Revolving Credit Facility to the earlier of: (i) March 19, 2025; or (ii) September 15, 2023 if the outstanding principal on the 2024 Convertible Notes, as defined below, exceeds $350.0 million and the Company exceeds certain leverage ratios as of that date; increased borrowings under the 2018 Term Loan A from $234.4 million to a total of $264.8 million; increased the total available borrowing capacity under 2018 Revolving Credit Facility from $250.0 million to $282.5 million; and reduced the interest rate for borrowings under both the 2018 Term Loan A and 2018 Revolving Credit Facility from either the eurocurrency rate plus a margin of 3.00% or the base rate plus a margin of 2.00% to either the eurocurrency rate plus a margin of 2.50% or the base rate plus a margin of 1.50%. The Company incurred approximately $1.6 million of debt issuance costs in connection with the amendment. For accounting purposes, pursuant to ASC 470, this transaction was accounted for as a modification of the 2018 Credit Facility. Of the $1.6 million of debt issuance costs, approximately $1.1 million was recorded on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet and is being amortized over the life of the 2018 Credit Facility using the effective-interest method, and approximately $0.5 million was recognized in interest expense, net within the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of income during the first quarter of 2020.

11

On February 10, 2021, the Company amended the 2018 Credit Facility which, among other things, reduced the interest rate for borrowings under the 2018 Term Loan B from either the eurocurrency rate plus a margin of 2.75% or the base rate plus a margin of 1.75% to either the eurocurrency rate plus a margin of 2.50% or the base rate plus a margin of 1.50%. The Company incurred approximately $1.1 million of debt issuance costs in connection with the amendment. For accounting purposes, pursuant to ASC 470, this transaction was accounted for as a modification of the 2018 Credit Facility. The debt issuance costs were recognized in interest expense, net within the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of income during the first quarter of 2021.

On July 30, 2021, the Company amended the 2018 Credit Facility which, among other things, increased borrowings under the 2018 Term Loan A from $245.0 million to a total of $286.2 million; increased the total available borrowing capacity under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility from $282.5 million to $330.0 million; reduced the interest rate for borrowings under the 2018 Term Loan A and 2018 Revolving Credit Facility from either the eurocurrency rate plus a margin of 2.50% or the base rate plus a margin of 1.50% to, depending on the Company’s total leverage ratio, either the eurocurrency rate plus a margin of between 1.75% and 2.25% or the base rate plus a margin of between 0.75% and 1.25%; and amended the commitment fee on the undrawn portion of the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility from 0.35% per annum to, depending on the Company’s total leverage ratio, between 0.25% to 0.35% per annum. As a result of the amendment, the applicable margin for the 2018 Term Loan A and 2018 Revolving Credit Facility may also be subject to certain premiums or discounts tied to criteria determined by certain sustainability targets. The Company incurred approximately $1.4 million of debt issuance costs in connection with the amendment. For accounting purposes, pursuant to ASC 470, this transaction was accounted for as a modification of the 2018 Credit Facility. Of the $1.4 million of debt issuance costs, approximately $0.8 million was recorded on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet and is being amortized over the life of the 2018 Credit Facility using the effective-interest method, and approximately $0.6 million was recognized in interest expense, net within the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of income during the third quarter of 2021.

Under the 2018 Credit Facility, borrowings under both the 2018 Term Loan A and 2018 Revolving Credit Facility bear interest at, depending on the Company’s total leverage ratio, either the eurocurrency rate plus a margin of between 1.75% and 2.25% or the base rate plus a margin of between 0.75% and 1.25%. The applicable margin may also be subject to certain premiums or discounts tied to criteria determined by certain sustainability targets. Borrowings under the 2018 Term Loan B bear interest at either the eurocurrency rate plus a margin of 2.50% or the base rate plus a margin of 1.50%. The eurocurrency rate is based on adjusted LIBOR and is subject to a floor of 0.00%. The base rate represents the highest of the Federal Funds Rate plus 0.50%, one-month adjusted LIBOR plus 1.00%, and the prime rate quoted by The Wall Street Journal, and is subject to a floor of 1.00%. The Company is required to pay a commitment fee on the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility of, depending on the Company’s total leverage ratio, between 0.25% to 0.35% per annum on the undrawn portion of the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility. Interest is due at least quarterly on amounts outstanding under the 2018 Credit Facility.

The 2018 Credit Facility requires the Company to comply with a leverage ratio. The 2018 Credit Facility also contains affirmative and negative covenants customary for financings of this type, including, among other things, limitations or prohibitions on repurchasing common shares, declaring and paying dividends and other distributions, redeeming and repurchasing certain other indebtedness, loans and investments, additional indebtedness, liens, mergers, asset sales and transactions with affiliates. In addition, the 2018 Credit Facility contains customary events of default. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company was in compliance with its debt covenants under the 2018 Credit Facility.

The 2018 Term Loan A and 2018 Term Loan B are payable in consecutive quarterly installments which began on December 31, 2018. In addition, beginning in 2020, the Company may be required to make mandatory prepayments towards the 2018 Term Loan B based on the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio and annual excess cash flows as defined under the terms of the 2018 Credit Facility. The Company is also permitted to make voluntary prepayments. Amounts outstanding under the 2018 Term Loan A and 2018 Term Loan B may be voluntarily prepaid without premium or penalty, subject to customary breakage fees in connection with the prepayment of a eurocurrency loan. These prepayments, if any, will be applied against remaining quarterly installments owed under the 2018 Term Loan A and 2018 Term Loan B in order of maturity with the remaining principal due upon maturity, unless directed otherwise by the Company. Based on the 2021 consolidated leverage ratio and excess cash flow calculation, both as defined under the terms of the 2018 Credit Facility, the Company will not be required to make a mandatory prepayment in 2022 toward the 2018 Term Loan B.

As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the weighted-average interest rate for borrowings under the 2018 Credit Facility was 2.53% and 2.62%, respectively.

12

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company borrowed an aggregate amount of $82.0 million under the 2018 Credit Facility, all of which was under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility, and repaid a total amount of $89.2 million on amounts outstanding under the 2018 Credit Facility, which included $82.0 million of repayments on amounts outstanding under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company borrowed an aggregate amount of $270.0 million under the 2018 Credit Facility, all of which was under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility, and repaid a total amount of $125.2 million on amounts outstanding under the 2018 Credit Facility, which included $120.0 million of repayments on amounts outstanding under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the U.S. dollar amount outstanding under the 2018 Credit Facility was $1,087.4 million and $1,094.6 million, respectively. Of the $1,087.4 million outstanding under the 2018 Credit Facility as of March 31, 2022, $273.7 million was outstanding under the 2018 Term Loan A, $663.7 million was outstanding under the 2018 Term Loan B, and $150.0 million was outstanding under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility. Of the $1,094.6 million outstanding under the 2018 Credit Facility as of December 31, 2021, $279.0 million was outstanding under the 2018 Term Loan A, $665.6 million was outstanding under the 2018 Term Loan B, and $150.0 million was outstanding under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility. There were no outstanding foreign currency borrowings under the 2018 Credit Facility as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized $7.5 million and $9.3 million, respectively, of interest expense relating to the 2018 Credit Facility, which included $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively, relating to non-cash interest expense relating to the debt discount and $0.5 million and $0.5 million, respectively, relating to amortization of debt issuance costs.

The fair value of the outstanding borrowings on the 2018 Term Loan A is determined by utilizing over-the-counter market quotes for similar instruments, which are considered Level 2 inputs as described in Note 12, Fair Value Measurements. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the carrying value of the 2018 Term Loan A was $272.9 million and $278.1 million, respectively, and the fair value was approximately $268.5 million and $278.0 million, respectively. The fair value of the outstanding borrowings under the 2018 Term Loan B is determined by utilizing over-the-counter market quotes, which are considered Level 2 inputs as described in Note 12, Fair Value Measurements. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the carrying amount of the 2018 Term Loan B was $658.9 million and $660.5 million, respectively, and the fair value was approximately $651.3 million and $663.1 million, respectively. The fair value of the outstanding borrowings on the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility approximated its carrying value of $150.0 million as of both March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 due to its variable interest rate which reprices frequently and represents floating market rates.

Convertible Senior Notes due 2024

In March 2018, the Company issued $550.0 million aggregate principal amount of convertible senior notes, or the 2024 Convertible Notes, in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers, pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The 2024 Convertible Notes are senior unsecured obligations which rank effectively subordinate to any of the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness, including amounts outstanding under the 2018 Credit Facility, to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness. The 2024 Convertible Notes pay interest at a rate of 2.625% per annum payable semiannually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year, beginning on September 15, 2018. Unless redeemed, repurchased or converted in accordance with their terms prior to such date, the 2024 Convertible Notes mature on March 15, 2024. Holders of the 2024 Convertible Notes may convert their notes at their option under the following circumstances: (i) during any calendar quarter commencing after the calendar quarter ending June 30, 2018, if the last reported sale price of the Company’s common shares for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) in a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter exceeds 130% of the conversion price for the 2024 Convertible Notes on each applicable trading day; (ii) during the five business-day period immediately after any five consecutive trading day period, or the measurement period, in which the trading price per $1,000 principal amount of 2024 Convertible Notes for each trading day of that measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s common shares and the conversion rate for the 2024 Convertible Notes for each such day; (iii) if the Company calls the 2024 Convertible Notes for redemption; or (iv) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events. On and after December 15, 2023, holders may convert their 2024 Convertible Notes at any time, regardless of the foregoing circumstances. In December 2021, the Company made an irrevocable election under the indenture governing the 2024 Convertible Notes to require the principal portion of the 2024 Convertible Notes to be settled in cash and any excess in shares or cash. Upon conversion, the 2024 Convertible Notes will be settled in cash and, if applicable, the Company’s common shares, based on the applicable conversion rate at such time. The 2024 Convertible Notes had an initial conversion rate of 16.0056 common shares per $1,000 principal amount of the 2024 Convertible Notes, or an initial conversion price of approximately $62.48 per common share. The conversion rate is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events and was 16.0467 common shares per $1,000 principal amount of the 2024 Convertible Notes, or a conversion price of approximately $62.32 per common share, as of March 31, 2022.

13

In March 2018, prior to the adoption of ASU 2020-06, the $550.0 million aggregate principal amount of the 2024 Convertible Notes were initially allocated between long-term debt, or liability component, and additional paid-in capital, or equity component, within the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet at $410.1 million and $139.9 million, respectively. The liability component was measured using the nonconvertible debt interest rate. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the face value of the 2024 Convertible Notes as a whole. Since the Company must still settle these 2024 Convertible Notes at face value at or prior to maturity, this liability component was being accreted up to its face value prior to the adoption of ASU 2020-06, resulting in additional non-cash interest expense being recognized within the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of income while the 2024 Convertible Notes remain outstanding. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2020-06, the effective-interest rate on the 2024 Convertible Notes was approximately 8.4% per annum. The equity component was not to be remeasured as long as it continued to meet the conditions for equity classification.

The Company incurred approximately $12.9 million of issuance costs during the first quarter of 2018 relating to the issuance of the 2024 Convertible Notes. Of the $12.9 million issuance costs incurred, $9.6 million and $3.3 million were recorded as debt issuance costs and additional paid-in capital, respectively, in proportion to the allocation of the proceeds of the 2024 Convertible Notes prior to the adoption of ASU 2020-06. The $9.6 million of debt issuance costs, which was recorded as an additional debt discount on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet, are being amortized over the contractual term of the 2024 Convertible Notes using the effective-interest method.

As a result of adopting ASU 2020-06, on January 1, 2022, the Company increased long-term debt by approximately $59.1 million, reduced paid-in capital in excess of par value by approximately $136.7 million, and decreased accumulated deficit by approximately $77.6 million within its condensed consolidated balance sheet. See Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, for further information on the Company’s adoption of ASU 2020-06.

As of March 31, 2022, the outstanding principal on the 2024 Convertible Notes was $550.0 million, the unamortized debt issuance costs were $4.4 million, and the carrying amount was $545.6 million, which was recorded to long-term debt within the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2021, the outstanding principal on the 2024 Convertible Notes was $550.0 million, the unamortized debt discount and debt issuance costs were $64.0 million, and the carrying amount of the liability component was $486.0 million, which was recorded to long-term debt within the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet. The fair value of the 2024 Convertible Notes was approximately $515.3 million as of March 31, 2022, and the fair value of the liability component relating to the 2024 Convertible Notes was approximately $547.4 million as of December 31, 2021.

As a result of adopting ASU 2020-06 during the first quarter of 2022, the Company no longer recognizes non-cash interest expense relating to the debt discount. During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized $4.2 million and $9.7 million, respectively, of interest expense relating to the 2024 Convertible Notes, which included zero and $5.7 million, respectively, relating to non-cash interest expense relating to the debt discount and $0.5 million and $0.4 million, respectively, relating to amortization of debt issuance costs.

Senior Notes due 2025

In May 2020, the Company issued $600.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior notes, or the 2025 Notes, in a private offering in the United States to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and outside the United States pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The 2025 Notes are senior unsecured obligations which rank effectively subordinate to any of the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness, including amounts outstanding under the 2018 Credit Facility, to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness. The 2025 Notes pay interest at a rate of 7.875% per annum payable semiannually in arrears on March 1 and September 1 of each year, beginning on March 1, 2021. The 2025 Notes mature on September 1, 2025.

At any time prior to September 1, 2022, the Company may redeem all or part of the 2025 Notes at a redemption price equal to 100% of their principal amount, plus a “make whole” premium as of the redemption date, and accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date. In addition, at any time prior to September 1, 2022, the Company may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2025 Notes with the proceeds of one or more equity offerings, at a redemption price equal to 107.875%, plus accrued and unpaid interest. Furthermore, at any time on or after September 1, 2022, the Company may redeem all or part of the 2025 Notes at the following redemption prices, expressed as percentages of principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the redemption date, if redeemed during the twelve-month period beginning on September 1 of the years indicated below:

|  | Percentage |
2022 |  |  | 103.938 | %
2023 |  |  | 101.969 | %
2024 and thereafter |  |  | 100.000 | %

14

The 2025 Notes contain customary negative covenants, including, among other things, limitations or prohibitions on restricted payments, incurrence of additional indebtedness, liens, mergers, asset sales and transactions with affiliates. In addition, the 2025 Notes contain customary events of default.

The Company incurred approximately $7.9 million of issuance costs during the second quarter of 2020 relating to the issuance of the 2025 Notes. The $7.9 million of debt issuance costs, which was recorded as a debt discount on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet, are being amortized over the contractual term of the 2025 Notes using the effective-interest method.

As of March 31, 2022, the outstanding principal on the 2025 Notes was $600.0 million, the unamortized debt issuance costs were $5.5 million, and the carrying amount was $594.5 million, which was recorded to long-term debt within the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2021, the outstanding principal on the 2025 Notes was $600.0 million, the unamortized debt issuance costs were $5.8 million, and the carrying amount was $594.2 million, which was recorded to long-term debt within the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet. The fair value of the 2025 Notes was approximately $616.9 million and $639.7 million as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and was determined by utilizing over-the-counter market quotes and yield curves, which are considered Level 2 inputs as defined in Note 12, Fair Value Measurements.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized $12.2 million and $12.1 million, respectively, of interest expense relating to the 2025 Notes, which included $0.3 million and $0.3 million, respectively, relating to amortization of debt issuance costs.

Senior Notes due 2026

In August 2018, the Company issued $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior notes, or the 2026 Notes, in a private offering in the United States to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and outside the United States pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The 2026 Notes were senior unsecured obligations which ranked effectively subordinate to any of the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness, including amounts outstanding under the 2018 Credit Facility, to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness. The 2026 Notes paid interest at a rate of 7.250% per annum payable semiannually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year, beginning on February 15, 2019. The 2026 Notes were to mature on August 15, 2026.

The Company incurred approximately $5.4 million of issuance costs during the third quarter of 2018 relating to the issuance of the 2026 Notes. The $5.4 million of debt issuance costs, which was recorded as a debt discount on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet, were being amortized over the contractual term of the 2026 Notes using the effective-interest method.

In May 2021, the Company issued $600.0 million aggregate principal of new senior notes due 2029, or the 2029 Notes as described below, and subsequently used a portion of the proceeds to redeem all $400.0 million of its existing 2026 Notes for an aggregate purchase price of $428.5 million, which included $7.7 million of accrued interest. For accounting purposes, pursuant to ASC 470, these transactions were accounted for as an extinguishment of the 2026 Notes. The Company recognized a loss on extinguishment of $24.6 million as a result, which was recorded in other expense, net within the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of income during the second quarter of 2021.

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company recognized $7.4 million of interest expense relating to the 2026 Notes, which included $0.1 million relating to amortization of debt issuance costs.

Senior Notes due 2029

In May 2021, the Company issued $600.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior notes, or the 2029 Notes, in a private offering in the United States to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and outside the United States pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The 2029 Notes are senior unsecured obligations which rank effectively subordinate to any of the Company’s existing and future secured indebtedness, including amounts outstanding under the 2018 Credit Facility, to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness. The 2029 Notes pay interest at a rate of 4.875% per annum payable semiannually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on December 1, 2021. The 2029 Notes mature on June 1, 2029.

15

At any time prior to June 1, 2024, the Company may redeem all or part of the 2029 Notes at a redemption price equal to 100% of their principal amount, plus a “make whole” premium as of the redemption date, and accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date. In addition, at any time prior to June 1, 2024, the Company may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2029 Notes with the proceeds of one or more equity offerings, at a redemption price equal to 104.875%, plus accrued and unpaid interest. Furthermore, at any time on or after June 1, 2024, the Company may redeem all or part of the 2029 Notes at the following redemption prices, expressed as percentages of principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon to the redemption date, if redeemed during the twelve-month period beginning on June 1 of the years indicated below:

|  | Percentage |
2024 |  |  | 102.438 | %
2025 |  |  | 101.219 | %
2026 and thereafter |  |  | 100.000 | %

The 2029 Notes contain customary negative covenants, including, among other things, limitations or prohibitions on restricted payments, incurrence of additional indebtedness, liens, mergers, asset sales and transactions with affiliates. In addition, the 2029 Notes contain customary events of default.

The Company incurred approximately $7.7 million of issuance costs during the second quarter of 2021 relating to the issuance of the 2029 Notes. The $7.7 million of debt issuance costs, which was recorded as a debt discount on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet, are being amortized over the contractual term of the 2029 Notes using the effective-interest method.

As of March 31, 2022, the outstanding principal on the 2029 Notes was $600.0 million, the unamortized debt issuance costs were $7.0 million, and the carrying amount was $593.0 million, which was recorded to long-term debt within the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet. As of December 31, 2021, the outstanding principal on the 2029 Notes was $600.0 million, the unamortized debt issuance costs were $7.2 million, and the carrying amount was $592.8 million, which was recorded to long-term debt within the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet. The fair value of the 2029 Notes was approximately $527.2 million and $588.9 million as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and was determined by utilizing over-the-counter market quotes and yield curves, which are considered Level 2 inputs as defined in Note 12, Fair Value Measurements.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company recognized $7.5 million of interest expense relating to the 2029 Notes, which included $0.2 million relating to amortization of debt issuance costs.

Valuation of 2024 Convertible Notes – Level 2 and Level 3 Inputs

In order to determine the initial value of the 2024 Convertible Notes, the Company determined the fair value of the liability component of the 2024 Convertible Notes using two valuation methods. The Company reviewed market data that was available for publicly traded, senior, unsecured nonconvertible corporate bonds issued by companies with similar credit ratings. Assumptions used in the estimate represent what market participants would use in pricing the liability component, including market yields and credit standing to develop the straight debt yield estimate. The Company also used a lattice model, which included inputs such as stock price, the Convertible Note trading price, volatility and dividend yield to estimate the straight debt yield. The Company combined the results of the two valuation methods to determine the fair value of the liability component of the 2024 Convertible Notes. Most of these inputs are primarily considered Level 2 and Level 3 inputs. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2020-06, the Company used similar valuation approaches to determine the subsequent fair value of the liability component of the 2024 Convertible Notes only for disclosure purposes, which includes using a lattice model and (1) reviewing market data relating to its 2025 Notes and 2029 Notes and comparable yield curves to determine its straight debt yield estimate, or (2) reviewing market data relating to publicly traded, senior, unsecured nonconvertible corporate bonds issued by companies with similar credit ratings in order to determine its straight debt yield estimate. Subsequent to the adoption of ASU 2020-06, the Company used over-the-counter market quotes and yield curves, which are considered Level 2 inputs, to determine the subsequent fair value of the 2024 Convertible Notes.

Total Debt

The Company’s total interest expense was $31.4 million and $38.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, which was recognized within its condensed consolidated statements of income.

16

As of March 31, 2022, annual scheduled principal payments of debt were as follows:

|  | Principal Payments |
|  | (in millions) |
2022 |  | $ | 22.0 |
2023 |  |  | 29.4 |
2024 |  |  | 586.4 |
2025 |  |  | 1,600.6 |
2026 |  |  | — |
Thereafter |  |  | 600.0 |
Total |  | $ | 2,838.4 |

Certain vendors and government agencies may require letters of credit or similar guaranteeing arrangements to be issued or executed. As of March 31, 2022, the Company had $28.1 million of issued but undrawn letters of credit or similar arrangements.

5. Contingencies

The Company is from time to time engaged in routine litigation. The Company regularly reviews all pending litigation matters in which it is involved and establishes reserves deemed appropriate by management for these litigation matters when a probable loss estimate can be made.

The matters described in this Note may take several years to resolve. While the Company believes it has meritorious defenses, it cannot be sure of their ultimate resolution. Although the Company may reserve amounts for certain matters that the Company believes represent the most likely outcome of the resolution of these related disputes, if the Company is incorrect in its assessment, the Company may have to record additional expenses, when it becomes probable that an increased potential liability is warranted.

Tax Matters

The Mexican Tax Administration Service has delayed processing value-added tax, or VAT, refunds for companies operating in Mexico and the Company believes that the process for its Mexico subsidiary to receive VAT refunds may be delayed. As of March 31, 2022, the Company had $20.6 million of Mexico VAT-related assets, of which $5.7 million was recognized in prepaid expenses and other current assets and $14.9 million was recognized in other assets within its condensed consolidated balance sheet. This amount relates to VAT payments made over various periods and the Company believes these amounts are recoverable by refund or they may be applied against certain future tax liabilities. Effective January 1, 2019, a tax reform law changed the rules concerning possible use of VAT assets, specifically providing that, for VAT balances generated after December 31, 2018, those balances could not be offset against taxes other than VAT obligations currently due. The Company has not recognized any losses related to these VAT-related assets as the Company does not believe a loss is probable.

The Company has received tax assessments for multiple years from the Federal Revenue Office of Brazil related to withholding/contributions based on payments to the Company’s Members. In February 2022, the Company received a mixed verdict which reduced the exposure to the Company. The aggregate combined amount of all these assessments is equivalent to approximately $4.3 million, translated at the March 31, 2022 spot rate. The Company is currently litigating these assessments and has issued a surety bond for certain of these amounts. The Company has not accrued a loss for the majority of the assessments because the Company does not believe a loss is probable. The Company is currently unable to reasonably estimate the amount of the loss that may result from an unfavorable outcome if additional assessments for other periods were to be issued.

17

The Company is under examination in several Brazilian states related to ICMS and ICMS-ST taxation. Some of these examinations have resulted in assessments for underpaid tax that the Company has appealed. The State of São Paulo has audited the Company for the 2013 and 2014 tax years. During July 2016, for the State of São Paulo, the Company received an assessment in the aggregate amount of approximately $33.8 million, translated at the March 31, 2022 spot rate, relating to various ICMS issues for its 2013 tax year. In August 2016, the Company filed a first-level administrative appeal which was denied in February 2017. The Company filed a further appeal on March 9, 2017. On March 20, 2018, the Court held a hearing and a verdict was issued in June 2019, remanding the case back to the first-level administrative court. During August 2017, for the State of São Paulo, the Company received an assessment in the aggregate amount of approximately $12.5 million, translated at the March 31, 2022 spot rate, relating to various ICMS issues for its 2014 tax year. In September 2017, the Company filed a first-level administrative appeal for the 2014 tax year. The first-level administrative appeal was denied. The Company filed an appeal at the second-level administrative court in December 2018 and a verdict was issued in April 2019, remanding the case back to the first-level administrative court. During September 2018, for the State of Rio de Janeiro, the Company received an assessment in the aggregate amount of approximately $7.4 million, translated at the March 31, 2022 spot rate, relating to various ICMS-ST issues for its 2016 and 2017 tax years. On November 8, 2018, the Company filed a first-level administrative appeal, which was subsequently denied. On April 5, 2019, the Company appealed this tax assessment to the Administrative Council of Tax Appeals (second-level administrative appeal). The Company has also received other ICMS tax assessments in Brazil. During the fourth quarter of 2015, the Company filed appeals with state judicial courts against three of the assessments. The Company had issued surety bonds in the aggregate amount of $12.8 million, translated at the March 31, 2022 spot rate, to guarantee payment of some of the tax assessments as required while the Company pursues the appeals. In addition, the Company has received several ICMS tax assessments in the aggregate amount of $2.5 million, translated at the March 31, 2022 spot rate, from several other Brazilian states where surety bonds have not been issued. Litigation in all these cases is currently ongoing. The Company has not recognized a loss relating to any of these cases, assessments, and matters as the Company does not believe a loss is probable.

The Company has received various tax assessments in multiple jurisdictions in India for multiple years from the Indian VAT and Service Tax authorities in an amount equivalent to approximately $13.8 million, translated at the March 31, 2022 spot rate. These assessments are for underpaid VAT and the ability to claim input Service Tax credits. The Company is litigating these cases at the tax administrative level and the tax tribunal levels as it believes it has meritorious defenses. The Company has not recognized a loss as it does not believe a loss is probable. In addition, the Indian income tax authorities audited the Company’s fiscal years ended March 31, 2017 and 2018 and the Company has received assessments of approximately $19.1 million, which includes interest, and $13.5 million for those respective years, translated at the March 31, 2022 spot rate. These assessments are subject to interest and penalties adjustments. The Company is currently litigating these cases. The Company currently believes that it is more likely than not that it will be successful in supporting its positions relating to these assessments. Accordingly, the Company has not accrued any amounts relating to these matters. In addition, the Indian income tax authorities are auditing the Company’s fiscal years ended March 31, 2013 and 2020 and it is uncertain whether additional assessments will be received.

The Korea Customs Service audited the importation activities of Herbalife Korea for the period January 2011 through May 2013. The total assessment for the audit period is $29.3 million, translated at the March 31, 2022 spot rate. The Company has paid the assessment and has recognized these payments in other assets within its condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2022. The Company lodged a first-level administrative appeal, which was denied on October 21, 2016. On January 31, 2017, the Company filed a further appeal to the National Tax Tribunal of Korea. In November 2018, the Company received an unfavorable decision from the National Tax Tribunal of Korea. In February 2019, the Company submitted an appeal to the Seoul Administrative Court. On February 17, 2021, the Seoul Administrative Court issued a verdict in favor of the Company. On March 10, 2021, the Korea Customs Service filed an appeal to the High Court against the verdict and the appeal is currently pending. The Korea Customs Service audited the importation activities of Herbalife Korea for the period May 2013 through December 2013. The total assessment for the audit period is $9.6 million, translated at the March 31, 2022 spot rate. The Company has paid the assessment and has recognized this payment in other assets within its condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2022. The Korea Customs Service audited the importation activities of Herbalife Korea for the period January 2014 through December 2014. The total assessment for the audit period is $14.8 million, translated at the March 31, 2022 spot rate. The Company paid the assessment in September 2020 and has recognized this payment in other assets within its condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2022. The Company is currently litigating both of these assessments at the Seoul Administrative Court. The Korea Customs Service audited the importation activities of Herbalife Korea for the period January 2015 through December 2017. The total assessment for the audit period is $12.1 million, translated at the March 31, 2022 spot rate. The Company has paid the assessment and has recognized this payment in other assets within its condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2022. The Company is currently litigating this assessment at the Seoul Administrative Court. The Company disagrees with the assertions made in all of these assessments, as well as the calculation methodology used in the assessments. The Company has not recognized a loss as the Company does not believe a loss is probable.

18

During the course of 2016, the Company received various questions from the Greek Social Security Agency and on December 29, 2016, the Greek Social Security Agency issued an assessment with respect to Social Security Contributions on Member earnings for the 2006 year. For Social Security issues, the statute of limitations is open for 2012 and later years in Greece. Despite the assessment amount being immaterial, the Company could receive similar assessments covering other years. The Company continues to litigate the assessment. The Company has not recognized a loss as it does not believe a loss is probable. The Company is currently unable to reasonably estimate the amount of the loss that may result from an unfavorable outcome if additional assessments for other periods were to be issued.

U.S. Federal Trade Commission Consent Order

On July 15, 2016, the Company and the Federal Trade Commission, or the FTC, entered into a proposed Stipulation to Entry of Order for Permanent Injunction and Monetary Judgment, or the Consent Order. The Consent Order was lodged with the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California on July 15, 2016 and became effective on July 25, 2016, or the Effective Date. The Consent Order resolved the FTC’s multi-year investigation of the Company.

Pursuant to the Consent Order, under which the Company neither admitted nor denied the FTC’s allegations (except as to the Court having jurisdiction over the matter), the Company made, through its wholly-owned subsidiary Herbalife International of America, Inc., a $200 million payment to the FTC. Additionally, the Company implemented and continues to enhance certain existing procedures in the U.S. Among other requirements, the Consent Order requires the Company to categorize all existing and future Members in the U.S. as either “preferred members” – who are simply consumers who only wish to purchase products for their own household use, or “distributors” – who are Members who wish to resell some products or build a sales organization. The Company also agreed to compensate distributors on eligible U.S. sales within their downline organization, which include purchases by preferred members, purchases by a distributor for his or her personal consumption within allowable limits and sales of product by a distributor to his or her customers. The Consent Order also imposes restrictions on a distributor’s ability to open Nutrition Clubs in the United States. The Consent Order subjects the Company to certain audits by an independent compliance auditor for a period of seven years; imposes requirements on the Company regarding compliance certification and record creation and maintenance; and prohibits the Company, its affiliates and its distributors from making misrepresentations and misleading claims regarding, among other things, income and lavish lifestyles. The FTC and the independent compliance auditor have the right to inspect Company records and request additional compliance reports for purposes of conducting audits pursuant to the Consent Order. In September 2016, the Company and the FTC mutually selected Affiliated Monitors, Inc. to serve as the independent compliance auditor. The Company continues to monitor the impact of the Consent Order and, while the Company currently does not expect the settlement to have a long-term and materially adverse impact on its business and its Member base, the Company’s business and its Member base, particularly in the United States, may be negatively impacted. If the Company is unable to comply with the Consent Order then this could result in a material and adverse impact to the Company’s results of operations and financial condition.

Other Matters

As a marketer of foods, dietary and nutritional supplements, and other products that are ingested by consumers or applied to their bodies, the Company has been and is currently subjected to various product liability claims. The effects of these claims to date have not been material to the Company. The Company currently maintains product liability insurance with an annual deductible of $12.5 million.

As previously disclosed, the SEC and the Department of Justice, or DOJ, conducted investigations into the Company’s compliance with the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, or FCPA, in China. Also, as previously disclosed, the Company conducted its own review and implemented remedial and improvement measures based upon this review, including replacement of certain employees and enhancements of Company policies and procedures in China. The Company cooperated with the SEC and the DOJ and has now reached separate resolutions with each of them.

On August 28, 2020, the SEC accepted the Offer of Settlement and issued an administrative order finding that the Company violated the books and records and internal controls provisions of the FCPA. In addition, on August 28, 2020, the Company and the DOJ separately entered into a court-approved deferred prosecution agreement, or DPA, under which the DOJ deferred criminal prosecution of the Company for a period of three years related to a conspiracy to violate the books and records provisions of the FCPA. Among other things, the Company is required to undertake compliance self-reporting obligations for the three-year terms of the agreements with the SEC and the DOJ. If the Company remains in compliance with the DPA during its three-year term, the deferred charge against the Company will be dismissed with prejudice. In addition, the Company paid the SEC and the DOJ aggregate penalties, disgorgement and prejudgment interest of approximately $123 million in September 2020, of which $83 million and $40 million were recognized in selling, general, and administrative expenses within the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of income for the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, related to this matter. Any failure to comply with these agreements, or any resulting further government action, could result in a material and adverse impact to the Company’s business, financial condition, and operating results.

19

On September 18, 2017, the Company and certain of its subsidiaries and Members were named as defendants in a purported class action lawsuit, titled Rodgers, et al. v Herbalife Ltd., et al. and filed in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida, which alleges violations of Florida’s Deceptive and Unfair Trade Practices statute and federal Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations statutes, unjust enrichment, and negligent misrepresentation. On August 23, 2018, the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida issued an order transferring the action to the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California as to four of the putative class plaintiffs and ordering the remaining four plaintiffs to arbitration, thereby terminating the Company defendants from the Florida action. The plaintiffs seek damages in an unspecified amount. While the Company continues to believe the lawsuit is without merit, and without admitting liability or wrongdoing, the Company and the plaintiffs have agreed on the principal terms of a settlement and continue to negotiate a stipulation of settlement. Under the principal terms of the settlement, the Company would pay $12.5 million into a fund to be distributed to qualified claimants. As of March 31, 2022, this amount has been adequately reserved for within the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements. Any settlement would be subject to the preliminary and final approval of the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California.

6. Segment Information

The Company is a nutrition company that sells a wide range of weight management; targeted nutrition; energy, sports, and fitness; and outer nutrition products. The Company’s products are manufactured by the Company in its Changsha, Hunan, China extraction facility; Suzhou, China facility; Nanjing, China facility; Lake Forest, California facility; and Winston-Salem, North Carolina facility, as well as by third-party providers, and then are sold to Members who consume and sell Herbalife Nutrition products to retail consumers or other Members. Revenues reflect sales of products by the Company to its Members and are categorized based on geographic location.

As of March 31, 2022, the Company sold products in 95 markets throughout the world and was organized and managed by six geographic regions: North America, Mexico, South and Central America, EMEA, Asia Pacific, and China. The Company defines its operating segments as those geographical operations. The Company aggregates its operating segments, excluding China, into a reporting segment, or the Primary Reporting Segment, as management believes that the Company’s operating segments have similar operating characteristics and similar long-term operating performance. In making this determination, management believes that the operating segments are similar in the nature of the products sold, the product acquisition process, the types of customers to whom products are sold, the methods used to distribute the products, the nature of the regulatory environment, and their economic characteristics. China has been identified as a separate reporting segment as it does not meet the criteria for aggregation. The Company reviews its net sales and contribution margin by operating segment, and reviews its assets and capital expenditures on a consolidated basis and not by operating segment. Therefore, net sales and contribution margin are presented by reportable segment and assets and capital expenditures by segment are not presented.

Operating information for the two reportable segments is as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | March 31, 2021 |
|  | (in millions) |
Net sales: |  |  |  |  |  |
Primary Reporting Segment |  | $ | 1,230.2 |  |  | $ | 1,332.3 |
China |  |  | 105.6 |  |  |  | 169.3 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 1,335.8 |  |  | $ | 1,501.6 |
Contribution margin(1): |  |  |  |  |  |
Primary Reporting Segment |  | $ | 504.4 |  |  | $ | 565.7 |
China |  |  | 90.5 |  |  |  | 147.6 |
Total contribution margin |  | $ | 594.9 |  |  | $ | 713.3 |
Selling, general, and administrative expenses(1) |  |  | 454.9 |  |  |  | 506.7 |
Other operating income |  |  | (13.1 | ) |  |  | (15.9 | )
Interest expense, net |  |  | 29.7 |  |  |  | 37.5 |
Income before income taxes |  |  | 123.4 |  |  |  | 185.0 |
Income taxes |  |  | 25.2 |  |  |  | 37.6 |
Net income |  | $ | 98.2 |  |  | $ | 147.4 |

(1)
Contribution margin consists of net sales less cost of sales and Royalty overrides. For the China segment, contribution margin does not include the portion of service fees to China independent service providers included in selling, general, and administrative expenses, which totaled $54.2 million and $95.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

20

The following table sets forth net sales by geographic area:

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | March 31, 2021 |
|  | (in millions) |
Net sales: |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 317.1 |  |  | $ | 348.6 |
India |  |  | 152.0 |  |  |  | 114.7 |
Mexico |  |  | 118.4 |  |  |  | 118.2 |
China |  |  | 105.6 |  |  |  | 169.3 |
Others |  |  | 642.7 |  |  |  | 750.8 |
Total net sales |  | $ | 1,335.8 |  |  | $ | 1,501.6 |

7. Share-Based Compensation

The Company has share-based compensation plans, which are more fully described in Note 9, Share-Based Compensation, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2021 10-K. During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company granted restricted stock units subject to service conditions and restricted stock units subject to service and performance conditions.

Share-based compensation expense amounted to $12.4 million and $13.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. As of March 31, 2022, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to all non-vested stock awards was $116.9 million and the related weighted-average period over which it is expected to be recognized is approximately 2.0 years.

The following table summarizes the activity for all stock appreciation rights, or SARs, under the Company’s share-based compensation plans for the three months ended March 31, 2022:

|  | Number of Awards |  |  | Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Award |  |  | Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value(1) |
|  | (in thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (in millions) |
Outstanding as of December 31, 2021(2) |  |  | 2,622 |  |  | $ | 27.10 |  |  | 3.8 years |  | $ | 36.3 |
Granted |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |
Exercised |  |  | (17 | ) |  | $ | 22.57 |  |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding as of March 31, 2022(2) |  |  | 2,605 |  |  | $ | 27.13 |  |  | 3.6 years |  | $ | 10.7 |
Exercisable as of March 31, 2022(3) |  |  | 2,605 |  |  | $ | 27.13 |  |  | 3.6 years |  | $ | 10.7 |
Vested and expected to vest as of March 31, 2022 |  |  | 2,605 |  |  | $ | 27.13 |  |  | 3.6 years |  | $ | 10.7 |

(1)
The intrinsic value is the amount by which the current market value of the underlying stock exceeds the exercise price of the SARs.
(2)
Includes 0.8 million performance condition SARs as of both March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, which represents the maximum amount that can vest.
(3)
Includes 0.8 million performance condition SARs.

There were no SARs granted during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021. The total intrinsic value of SARs exercised during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was $0.3 million and $13.8 million, respectively.

21

The following table summarizes the activities for all restricted stock units under the Company’s share-based compensation plans for the three months ended March 31, 2022:

|  | Number of Shares |  |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share |
|  | (in thousands) |  |  |  |
Outstanding and nonvested as of December 31, 2021(1) |  |  | 3,400 |  |  | $ | 45.26 |
Granted(2) |  |  | 1,971 |  |  | $ | 36.63 |
Vested |  |  | (750 | ) |  | $ | 48.77 |
Forfeited(3) |  |  | (126 | ) |  | $ | 45.41 |
Outstanding and nonvested as of March 31, 2022(1) |  |  | 4,495 |  |  | $ | 40.89 |
Expected to vest as of March 31, 2022(4) |  |  | 3,787 |  |  | $ | 40.69 |

(1)
Includes 1,357,760 and 913,388 performance-based restricted stock units as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, which represents the maximum amount that can vest.
(2)
Includes 538,482 performance-based restricted stock units.
(3)
Includes 94,110 performance-based restricted stock units
(4)
Includes 734,564 performance-based restricted stock units.

The total vesting date fair value of restricted stock units which vested during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was $32.4 million and $35.5 million, respectively.

8. Income Taxes

Income taxes were $25.2 million and $37.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The effective income tax rate was 20.4% and 20.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021 was primarily due to a decrease in net tax benefits from discrete events, partially offset by changes in the geographic mix of the Company’s income.

As of March 31, 2022, the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits, including related interest and penalties, was $77.7 million. If the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits was recognized, $51.8 million of unrecognized tax benefits, $15.5 million of interest, and $3.4 million of penalties would impact the effective tax rate.

The Company believes that it is reasonably possible that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits could decrease by up to approximately $9.1 million within the next twelve months. Of this possible decrease, $8.2 million would be due to the expiration of statute of limitations in various jurisdictions. The remaining possible decrease of $0.9 million would be due to the settlement of audits or resolution of administrative or judicial proceedings.

9. Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities

Interest Rate Risk Management

The Company engages in an interest rate hedging strategy for which the hedged transactions are forecasted interest payments on the Company’s 2018 Credit Facility, which are based on variable rates.

During the first quarter of 2020, the Company entered into various interest rate swap agreements with effective dates ranging between February 2020 and March 2020. These agreements collectively provide for the Company to pay interest at a weighted-average fixed rate of 0.98% on aggregate notional amounts of $100.0 million under the 2018 Credit Facility until their respective expiration dates ranging between February 2022 and March 2023, while receiving interest based on LIBOR on the same notional amounts for the same periods. At inception, these swap agreements were designated as cash flow hedges against the variability in certain LIBOR-based borrowings under the 2018 Credit Facility, effectively fixing the interest rate on such notional amounts at a weighted-average effective rate of, depending on the Company’s total leverage ratio, between 2.73% and 3.23%. These hedge relationships qualified as effective under FASB ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, or ASC 815, and consequently all changes in the fair value of these interest rate swaps are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss within shareholders’ deficit, and are recognized in interest expense, net within the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of income during the period when the hedged item and underlying transaction affect earnings. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the aggregate notional amounts of interest rate swap agreements outstanding were approximately $25.0 million and $100.0 million, respectively. The fair values of the interest rate swap agreements are based on third-party bank quotes, and as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company recorded assets at fair value of $0.3 million and liabilities at fair value of $0.1 million, respectively, relating to these interest rate swap agreements.

22

Foreign Currency Instruments

The Company designates certain foreign currency derivatives, primarily comprised of foreign currency forward contracts and option contracts, as freestanding derivatives for which hedge accounting does not apply. The changes in the fair market value of these freestanding derivatives are included in selling, general, and administrative expenses within the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of income. The Company primarily uses freestanding foreign currency derivatives to hedge foreign currency-denominated intercompany transactions and to partially mitigate the impact of foreign currency fluctuations. The fair value of the freestanding foreign currency derivatives is based on third-party quotes. The Company’s foreign currency derivative contracts are generally executed on a monthly basis.

The Company designates as cash flow hedges those foreign currency forward contracts it enters into to hedge forecasted inventory purchases and intercompany management fees that are subject to foreign currency exposures. Forward contracts are used to hedge forecasted inventory purchases over specific months. Changes in the fair value of these forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges, excluding forward points, are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss within shareholders’ deficit, and are recognized in cost of sales within the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of income during the period which approximates the time the hedged inventory is sold. The Company also hedges forecasted intercompany management fees over specific months. These contracts allow the Company to sell Euros in exchange for U.S. dollars at specified contract rates. Changes in the fair value of these forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges, excluding forward points, are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss within shareholders’ deficit, and are recognized in selling, general, and administrative expenses within the Company’s condensed consolidated statement of income during the period when the hedged item and underlying transaction affect earnings. The Company has elected to record changes in the fair value of amounts excluded from the assessment of effectiveness currently in earnings.

As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the aggregate notional amounts of all foreign currency contracts outstanding designated as cash flow hedges were approximately $72.1 million and $54.5 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2022, these outstanding contracts were expected to mature over the next fifteen months. The Company’s derivative financial instruments are recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value based on third-party quotes. As of March 31, 2022, the Company recorded assets at fair value of $0.8 million and liabilities at fair value of $4.3 million relating to all outstanding foreign currency contracts designated as cash flow hedges. As of December 31, 2021, the Company recorded assets at fair value of $0.3 million and liabilities at fair value of $1.7 million relating to all outstanding foreign currency contracts designated as cash flow hedges. The Company assesses hedge effectiveness at least quarterly and the hedges remained effective as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

As of both March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the majority of the Company’s outstanding foreign currency forward contracts had maturity dates of less than twelve months with the majority of freestanding derivatives expiring within one month. As of March 31, 2022, the Company had aggregate notional amounts of approximately $633.8 million of foreign currency contracts, inclusive of freestanding contracts and contracts designated as cash flow hedges.

The following tables summarize the derivative activity during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 relating to all the Company’s derivatives.

Gains and Losses on Derivative Instruments

The following table summarizes losses relating to derivative instruments recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021:

|  | Amount of (Loss) Gain Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) |
|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | March 31, 2021 |
|  | (in millions) |
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange currency contracts relating to inventory and intercompany management fee hedges |  | $ | (2.9 | ) |  | $ | 0.5 |
Interest rate swaps |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  | — |

As of March 31, 2022, the estimated amount of existing net losses related to cash flow hedges recorded in accumulated other comprehensive loss that are expected to be reclassified into earnings over the next twelve months was $3.0 million.

23

The effect of cash flow hedging relationships on the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of income for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 was as follows:

|  | Location and Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in Income on Cash Flow Hedging Relationships |
|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | March 31, 2021 |
|  | Cost of sales |  |  | Selling, general, and administrative expenses |  |  | Interest expense, net |  |  | Cost of sales |  |  | Selling, general, and administrative expenses |  |  | Interest expense, net |
|  | (in millions) |
Total amounts presented in the condensed consolidated statements of income |  | $ | 307.1 |  |  | $ | 454.9 |  |  | $ | 29.7 |  |  | $ | 314.3 |  |  | $ | 506.7 |  |  | $ | 37.5 |
Foreign exchange currency contracts relating to inventory hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amount of gain reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Amount of loss excluded from assessment of effectiveness recognized in income |  |  | (1.6 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (1.5 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Foreign exchange currency contracts relating to intercompany management fee hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amount of gain (loss) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to income |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  |  | — |
Amount of gain excluded from assessment of effectiveness recognized in income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Interest rate swaps: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amount of loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (0.3 | )
Amount of gain excluded from assessment of effectiveness recognized in income |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |

The following table summarizes gains (losses) recorded to income relating to derivative instruments not designated as hedging instruments during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021:

|  | Amount of Loss Recognized in Income |  |  |
|  | Three Months Ended |  |  |
|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | March 31, 2021 |  |  | Location of Loss Recognized in Income
|  | (in millions) |  |  |
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange currency contracts |  | $ | (0.5 | ) |  | $ | (0.9 | ) |  | Selling, general, and administrative expenses

The Company reports its derivatives at fair value as either assets or liabilities within its condensed consolidated balance sheets. See Note 12, Fair Value Measurements, for information on derivative fair values and their condensed consolidated balance sheets location as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

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10. Shareholders’ Deficit

Changes in shareholders’ deficit for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2022 |
|  | Common Shares |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par Value |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  | Accumulated Deficit |  |  | Total Shareholders’ Deficit |
|  | (in millions) |
Balance as of December 31, 2021 |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | (328.9 | ) |  | $ | 318.1 |  |  | $ | (211.8 | ) |  | $ | (1,169.0 | ) |  | $ | (1,391.5 | )
Issuance of 1.0 common shares from exercise of SARs, restricted stock units, employee stock purchase plan, and other |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.1 |
Additional capital from share-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12.4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12.4 |
Repurchases of 3.0 common shares |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | (21.9 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (94.3 | ) |  |  | (116.2 | )
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 98.2 |  |  |  | 98.2 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of income taxes of $— |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4.4 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4.4 |
Unrealized loss on derivatives, net of income taxes of $— |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2.6 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (2.6 | )
Cumulative effect of accounting change relating to adoption of ASU 2020-06 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (136.7 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | 77.6 |  |  |  | (59.1 | )
Balance as of March 31, 2022 |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | (328.9 | ) |  | $ | 173.0 |  |  | $ | (210.0 | ) |  | $ | (1,087.5 | ) |  | $ | (1,453.3 | )

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 |
|  | Common Shares |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par Value |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  | Accumulated Deficit |  |  | Total Shareholders’ Deficit |
|  | (in millions) |
Balance as of December 31, 2020 |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | (328.9 | ) |  | $ | 342.3 |  |  | $ | (182.2 | ) |  | $ | (687.4 | ) |  | $ | (856.1 | )
Issuance of 1.3 common shares from exercise of SARs, restricted stock units, employee stock purchase plan, and other |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.9 |
Additional capital from share-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13.3 |
Repurchases of 13.4 common shares |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  | (57.8 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (587.2 | ) |  |  | (645.0 | )
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 147.4 |  |  |  | 147.4 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of income taxes of $1.5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (23.7 | ) |  |  |  |  |  | (23.7 | )
Unrealized gain on derivatives, net of income taxes of $— |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 0.9 |
Balance as of March 31, 2021 |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | (328.9 | ) |  | $ | 298.7 |  |  | $ | (205.0 | ) |  | $ | (1,127.2 | ) |  | $ | (1,362.3 | )

Dividends

The Company has not declared or paid cash dividends since 2014. The declaration of future dividends is subject to the discretion of the Company’s board of directors and will depend upon various factors, including its earnings, financial condition, Herbalife Nutrition Ltd.’s available distributable reserves under Cayman Islands law, restrictions imposed by the 2018 Credit Facility and the terms of any other indebtedness that may be outstanding, cash requirements, future prospects and other factors deemed relevant by its board of directors.

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Share Repurchases

On February 9, 2021, the Company’s board of directors authorized a new three-year $1.5 billion share repurchase program that will expire on February 9, 2024, which replaced the Company’s prior share repurchase authorization that was set to expire on October 30, 2023 and had approximately $7.9 million of remaining authorized capacity when it was replaced. This share repurchase program allows the Company, which includes an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Herbalife Nutrition Ltd., to repurchase the Company’s common shares at such times and prices as determined by management, as market conditions warrant, and to the extent Herbalife Nutrition Ltd.’s distributable reserves are available under Cayman Islands law. The 2018 Credit Facility permits the Company to repurchase its common shares as long as no default or event of default exists and other conditions, such as specified consolidated leverage ratios, are met. As of March 31, 2022, the remaining authorized capacity under the Company’s $1.5 billion share repurchase program was approximately $1.0 billion.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company repurchased approximately 2.6 million of its common shares through open-market purchases at an aggregate cost of approximately $101.7 million, or an average cost of $39.32 per share, and subsequently retired these shares. During January 2021, the Company repurchased from Mr. Carl C. Icahn and certain of his affiliates an aggregate of approximately 12.5 million common shares of the Company at an aggregate cost of approximately $600.0 million, or $48.05 per share, and subsequently retired these shares. In addition, during the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company repurchased approximately 0.5 million of its common shares through open-market purchases at an aggregate cost of approximately $21.3 million, or an average cost of $46.63 per share, and subsequently retired these shares. In total, during the three months ended March 31, 2021, the Company repurchased approximately 13.0 million of its common shares at an aggregate cost of approximately $621.3 million, or an average cost of $48.00 per share.

As of both March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company held approximately 10.0 million of treasury shares for U.S. GAAP purposes. These treasury shares increased the Company’s shareholders’ deficit and are reflected at cost within the Company’s accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Although these shares are owned by an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company and remain legally outstanding, they are reflected as treasury shares under U.S. GAAP and therefore reduce the number of common shares outstanding within the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding used in calculating earnings per share. The common shares of Herbalife Nutrition Ltd. held by the indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, however, remain outstanding on the books and records of the Company’s transfer agent and therefore still carry voting and other share rights related to ownership of the Company’s common shares, which may be exercised. So long as it is consistent with applicable laws, such shares will be voted by such subsidiary in the same manner, and to the maximum extent possible in the same proportion, as all other votes cast with respect to any matter properly submitted to a vote of Herbalife Nutrition Ltd.’s shareholders.

The number of shares issued upon vesting or exercise for certain restricted stock units and SARs granted pursuant to the Company’s share-based compensation plans is net of the statutory withholding requirements that the Company pays on behalf of its employees. Although shares withheld are not issued, they are treated as common share repurchases in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements, as they reduce the number of shares that would have been issued upon vesting. These shares do not count against the authorized capacity under the Company’s share repurchase program described above. During the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company withheld shares on its vested restricted stock units and exercised SARs relating to its share-based compensation plans.

The Company reflects the aggregate purchase price of its common shares repurchased as an increase to shareholders’ deficit. The Company generally allocated the purchase price of the repurchased shares to accumulated deficit, common shares, and additional paid-in capital, with the exception of treasury shares, which are recorded separately on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company’s share repurchases, inclusive of transaction costs, were $101.7 million and $621.3 million, respectively, under the Company’s share repurchase programs, and $14.5 million and $23.7 million, respectively, due to shares withheld for tax purposes related to the Company’s share-based compensation plans. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the Company’s total share repurchases, including shares withheld for tax purposes, were $116.2 million and $645.0 million, respectively, and have been recorded as an increase to shareholders’ deficit within the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

The following table summarizes changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss by component during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021:

|  | Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss by Component |
|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | March 31, 2021 |
|  | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments |  |  | Unrealized Loss on Derivatives |  |  | Total |  |  | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments |  |  | Unrealized (Loss) Gain on Derivatives |  |  | Total |
|  | (in millions) |
Beginning balance |  | $ | (211.6 | ) |  | $ | (0.2 | ) |  | $ | (211.8 | ) |  | $ | (178.4 | ) |  | $ | (3.8 | ) |  | $ | (182.2 | )
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax |  |  | 4.4 |  |  |  | (2.6 | ) |  |  | 1.8 |  |  |  | (23.7 | ) |  |  | 0.6 |  |  |  | (23.1 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss to income, net of tax(1) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  | 0.3 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of reclassifications |  |  | 4.4 |  |  |  | (2.6 | ) |  |  | 1.8 |  |  |  | (23.7 | ) |  |  | 0.9 |  |  |  | (22.8 | )
Ending balance |  | $ | (207.2 | ) |  | $ | (2.8 | ) |  | $ | (210.0 | ) |  | $ | (202.1 | ) |  | $ | (2.9 | ) |  | $ | (205.0 | )

(1)
See Note 9, Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, for information regarding the location in the condensed consolidated statements of income of gains (losses) reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss into income during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021.

Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications was net of tax expense of $1.5 million for foreign currency translation adjustments for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

11. Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share represents net income divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted earnings per share represents net income divided by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding, inclusive of the effect of dilutive securities, such as outstanding SARs, restricted stock units, and convertible notes.

The following are the common share amounts used to compute the basic and diluted earnings per share for each period:

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | March 31, 2021 |
|  | (in millions) |
Weighted-average shares used in basic computations |  |  | 99.9 |  |  |  | 108.4 |
Dilutive effect of exercise of equity grants outstanding |  |  | 1.8 |  |  |  | 2.7 |
Weighted-average shares used in diluted computations |  |  | 101.7 |  |  |  | 111.1 |

There were an aggregate of 1.6 million and 1.1 million of equity grants, consisting of SARs and restricted stock units, that were outstanding during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because their effect would be anti-dilutive or the performance condition of the award had not been satisfied.

For the 2024 Convertible Notes, the Company is required to settle the principal amount in cash and has the option to settle the conversion feature for the amount above the conversion price, or the conversion spread, in common shares or cash. The Company uses the if-converted stock method for calculating any potential dilutive effect of the conversion spread on diluted earnings per share, if applicable. The conversion spread will have a dilutive impact on diluted earnings per share when the average market price of the Company’s common shares for a given period exceeds the conversion price of the 2024 Convertible Notes. For the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, the 2024 Convertible Notes have been excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share, as the effect would be anti-dilutive since the conversion price of the 2024 Convertible Notes exceeded the average market price of the Company’s common shares for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021. The initial conversion rate and conversion price for the 2024 Convertible Notes are described further in Note 4, Long-Term Debt.

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See Note 10, Shareholders’ Deficit, for a discussion of how common shares repurchased by the Company’s indirect wholly-owned subsidiary are treated under U.S. GAAP.

12. Fair Value Measurements

The Company applies the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, or ASC 820, for its financial and non-financial assets and liabilities. ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value into three broad levels as follows:

Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 inputs include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability and inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

The Company measures certain assets and liabilities at fair value as discussed throughout the notes to its condensed consolidated financial statements. Foreign exchange currency contracts and interest rate swaps are valued using standard calculations and models. Foreign exchange currency contracts are valued primarily based on inputs such as observable forward rates, spot rates, and foreign currency exchange rates at the reporting period ended date. Interest rate swaps are valued primarily based on inputs such as LIBOR and swap yield curves at the reporting period ended date. The Company’s derivative assets and liabilities are measured at fair value and consisted of Level 2 inputs and their amounts are shown below at their gross values as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

|  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Fair Value as of March 31, 2022 |  |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) Fair Value as of December 31, 2021 |  |  | Balance Sheet Location
|  | (in millions) |  |  |
ASSETS: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange currency contracts relating to inventory and intercompany management fee hedges |  | $ | 0.8 |  |  | $ | 0.3 |  |  | Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Interest rate swaps |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  | — |  |  | Prepaid expenses and other current assets
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange currency contracts |  |  | 6.9 |  |  |  | 6.6 |  |  | Prepaid expenses and other current assets
|  | $ | 8.0 |  |  | $ | 6.9 |  |  |
LIABILITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange currency contracts relating to inventory and intercompany management fee hedges |  | $ | 4.3 |  |  | $ | 1.7 |  |  | Other current liabilities
Interest rate swaps |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | Other current liabilities
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange currency contracts |  |  | 5.1 |  |  |  | 3.4 |  |  | Other current liabilities
|  | $ | 9.4 |  |  | $ | 5.2 |  |  |

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with a maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents are comprised of money market funds and foreign and domestic bank accounts. These cash and cash equivalents are valued based on Level 1 inputs which consist of quoted prices in active markets. To reduce its credit risk, the Company monitors the credit standing of the financial institutions that hold the Company’s cash and cash equivalents.

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The Company’s deferred compensation plan assets consist of Company-owned life insurance policies. As these policies are recorded at their cash surrender value, they are not required to be included in the fair value table above. See Note 6, Employee Compensation Plans, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2021 10-K for a further description of the Company’s deferred compensation plan assets.

The following tables summarize the offsetting of the fair values of the Company’s derivative assets and derivative liabilities for presentation in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

|  | Offsetting of Derivative Assets |
|  | Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets |  |  | Gross Amounts Offset in the Balance Sheet |  |  | Net Amounts of Assets Presented in the Balance Sheet |
|  | (in millions) |
March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange currency contracts |  | $ | 7.7 |  |  | $ | (3.7 | ) |  | $ | 4.0 |
Interest rate swaps |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.3 |
Total |  | $ | 8.0 |  |  | $ | (3.7 | ) |  | $ | 4.3 |
December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange currency contracts |  | $ | 6.9 |  |  | $ | (2.2 | ) |  | $ | 4.7 |
Total |  | $ | 6.9 |  |  | $ | (2.2 | ) |  | $ | 4.7 |

|  | Offsetting of Derivative Liabilities |
|  | Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities |  |  | Gross Amounts Offset in the Balance Sheet |  |  | Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Balance Sheet |
|  | (in millions) |
March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange currency contracts |  | $ | 9.4 |  |  | $ | (3.7 | ) |  | $ | 5.7 |
Total |  | $ | 9.4 |  |  | $ | (3.7 | ) |  | $ | 5.7 |
December 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign exchange currency contracts |  | $ | 5.1 |  |  | $ | (2.2 | ) |  | $ | 2.9 |
Interest rate swaps |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.1 |
Total |  | $ | 5.2 |  |  | $ | (2.2 | ) |  | $ | 3.0 |

The Company offsets all of its derivative assets and derivative liabilities in its condensed consolidated balance sheets to the extent it maintains master netting arrangements with related financial institutions. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, all of the Company’s derivatives were subject to master netting arrangements and no collateralization was required for the Company’s derivative assets and derivative liabilities.

13. Transformation Program

In the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company initiated a global transformation program to optimize global processes for future growth, or the Transformation Program. The Transformation Program involves the investment in certain new technologies and the realignment of infrastructure and the locations of certain functions to better support distributors and customers. For the first phase of the Transformation Program, the Company currently expects total pre-tax expenses in the range of $25 million to $30 million through 2023, of which $1.6 million was recognized in selling, general, and administrative expenses within its condensed consolidated statement of income during the three months ended March 31, 2022. The Company expects to complete the first phase of the Transformation Program in 2023. The Company is still assessing the scope, timing, and execution plan of the second phase of the Transformation Program, and accordingly cannot estimate the amounts to be incurred for the program in totality or when it will be completed.

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Costs related to the Transformation Program were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |  |  |  |
|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | Cumulative costs incurred to date as of March 31, 2022 |
|  | (in millions) |  |  |  |
Professional fees |  | $ | 0.9 |  |  | $ | 10.6 |
Retention and separation |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |  | 3.7 |
Other |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.2 |
Total |  | $ | 1.6 |  |  | $ | 14.5 |

Changes in the liabilities related to the Transformation Program, which were recognized in other current liabilities within the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets, were as follows:

|  | Professional Fees |  |  | Retention and Separation |  |  | Other |  |  | Total |
|  | (in millions) |
Balance as of December 31, 2021 |  | $ | 2.0 |  |  | $ | 2.8 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4.8 |
Expenses |  |  | 0.9 |  |  |  | 0.7 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1.6 |
Cash payments |  |  | (1.3 | ) |  |  | (0.8 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (2.1 | )
Non-cash items and other |  |  | 0.8 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 0.8 |
Balance as of March 31, 2022 |  | $ | 2.4 |  |  | $ | 2.7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5.1 |

14. Detail of Certain Balance Sheet Accounts

Other Assets

The Other assets on the Company’s accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets included deferred compensation plan assets of $45.1 million and $48.2 million and deferred tax assets of $113.5 million and $118.0 million as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

Other Current Liabilities

Other current liabilities consisted of the following:

|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | December 31, 2021 |
|  | (in millions) |
Accrued compensation |  | $ | 111.5 |  |  | $ | 171.9 |
Accrued service fees to China independent service providers |  |  | 50.3 |  |  |  | 48.5 |
Accrued advertising, events, and promotion expenses |  |  | 65.3 |  |  |  | 55.9 |
Current operating lease liabilities |  |  | 42.2 |  |  |  | 42.8 |
Advance sales deposits |  |  | 81.7 |  |  |  | 63.0 |
Income taxes payable |  |  | 13.1 |  |  |  | 13.7 |
Other accrued liabilities |  |  | 209.6 |  |  |  | 200.0 |
Total |  | $ | 573.7 |  |  | $ | 595.8 |

Other Non-Current Liabilities

The Other non-current liabilities on the Company’s accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets included deferred compensation plan liabilities of $77.5 million and $80.5 million and deferred income tax liabilities of $28.7 million and $30.6 million as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. See Note 6, Employee Compensation Plans, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2021 10-K for a further description of the Company’s deferred compensation plan assets and liabilities.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with other information, including our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, and our consolidated financial statements appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, or the 2021 10-K. Unless the context otherwise requires, all references herein to the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our,” or similar terms, refer to Herbalife Nutrition Ltd., a Cayman Islands exempted company with limited liability, and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Overview

We are a global nutrition company that sells weight management; targeted nutrition; energy, sports, and fitness; and outer nutrition products to and through independent members, or Members. In China, we sell our products to and through independent service providers and sales representatives to customers and preferred customers, as well as through Company-operated retail platforms when necessary. We refer to Members that distribute our products and achieve certain qualification requirements as “sales leaders.”

We provide high-quality, science-backed products to Members and their customers who seek a healthy lifestyle and we also offer a business opportunity to those Members who seek additional income. We believe enhanced consumer awareness and demand for our products due to global trends such as the obesity epidemic, increasing interest in a fit and active lifestyle, living healthier, and the rise of entrepreneurship, coupled with the effectiveness of personalized selling through a direct sales channel, have been the primary reasons for our continued success.

Our products are grouped in four principal categories: weight management; targeted nutrition; energy, sports, and fitness; and outer nutrition, along with literature, promotional, and other items. Our products are often sold through a series of related products and literature designed to simplify weight management and nutrition for consumers and maximize our Members’ cross-selling opportunities.

While we continue to monitor the current global financial environment and the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, we remain focused on the opportunities and challenges in retailing our products and enhancing the customer experience, sponsoring and retaining Members, improving Member productivity, further penetrating existing markets, globalizing successful Daily Methods of Operation, or DMOs, such as Nutrition Clubs, Fit Clubs, and Weight Loss Challenges, introducing new products and globalizing existing products, developing niche market segments and further investing in our infrastructure.

We sell our products in six geographic regions:

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North America;
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Mexico;
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South and Central America;
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EMEA, which consists of Europe, the Middle East, and Africa;
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Asia Pacific (excluding China); and
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China.

On July 15, 2016, we reached a settlement with the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, or FTC, and entered into the Consent Order, which resolved the FTC’s multi-year investigation of the Company. We continue to monitor the impact of the Consent Order and our Audit Committee assists our board of directors in overseeing continued compliance with the Consent Order. While we currently do not expect the settlement to have a long-term and materially adverse impact on our business and our Member base, our business and our Member base, particularly in the U.S., may be negatively impacted. The terms of the Consent Order do not change our going to market through direct selling by independent distributors, and compensating those distributors based upon the product they and their sales organization sell. See Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, of the 2021 10-K for a discussion of risks related to the settlement with the FTC.

COVID-19 Pandemic

During March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19, as a pandemic. The outbreak and subsequent global spread of the virus has impacted the general public, companies and state, local and national governments and economies worldwide, as well as global financial markets. Public health organizations and international, federal, state and local governments have implemented measures to combat the spread of COVID-19, including restrictions on movement such as quarantines, “stay-at-home” orders and social distancing ordinances and restricting or prohibiting outright some or all forms of commercial and business activity. These measures, or others that may be implemented in the future, although temporary in nature, have continued intermittently for many markets.

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Our business and operations have been affected by the pandemic in manners, in some cases adversely, and degrees that vary by market and we expect that the effects may extend through 2022 and possibly beyond. For the health and safety of our employees, our Members, and their customers, we implemented temporary access restrictions at many of our physical business locations and locations where Members conduct their business activities, some of which measures continue. Generally, we are able to satisfy current levels of demand. While pandemic constraints have been lessened in most markets, including by the designation of our nutritional business as “essential” or other similar characterization, our operations have been and continue to be disrupted. The most significant continuing impacts we have seen, intermittently and depending on market, include:

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Supply chain challenges, including increased costs in freight, labor, and certain raw materials, and constrained ability to deliver product to Members and/or have Members pick product up from our access points due to facility closures and other precautionary measures we have implemented;
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Restrictions or outright prohibitions on in-person training and promotional meetings and events for Members that are a key aspect of our business model, such as our annual regional Extravaganzas; and
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Constrained ability of Members to have face-to-face contact with their customers, including at Nutrition Clubs.

We and our Members have responded to the pandemic and its impacts on our business and theirs by adapting operations and taking a number of proactive measures to mitigate those impacts. The most significant continuing measures, intermittent and depending on market, include:

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Adapting product access to the varying market-specific challenges, including shifting to more home product delivery from Member pick-up, and shifting to online or phone orders only from in-person ordering;
•
Enhancing our training and promotion of technological tools offered to support Members’ online operations and accelerating the launch of certain functionalities, such as functions that facilitate our Members’ ability to communicate and transact with Nutrition Club customers;
•
Members continuing to or increasing the ways they leverage the Internet and social media for customer contact including training, order-taking, and acceptance of payment;
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Member-operated Nutrition Clubs adding to or shifting from on-site offerings of single servings to carry-out and home delivery of single servings, as well as sales of fully packaged products; and
•
Physical changes at our major facilities, such as our manufacturing plants and distribution centers, including pre-entry temperature checks, face masks for employees, and plexiglass barriers, and employees working from home where possible rather than at company offices.

We believe our cash on hand as of March 31, 2022 and as of the date of this filing, combined with cash flows from operating activities, is sufficient to meet our foreseeable needs for the next twelve months. We also have access to our revolving credit facility to supplement our cash-generating ability if necessary.

Although we believe that our responsive measures have been effective in limiting the adverse impact of the pandemic on most markets, the ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic will affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations in future quarters, including their comparability to prior periods. Given the unpredictable, unprecedented, and fluid nature of the pandemic and its economic consequences including inflation, we are unable to predict the duration and extent to which these factors will impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations. A more detailed discussion of the pandemic’s impact on net sales for the first quarter of 2022 and its expected impact in future periods, as well as the impacts specific to each geographic region, are discussed further in the Sales by Geographic Region section below. See Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, of the 2021 10-K for a further discussion of risks related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Volume Points by Geographic Region

A key non-financial measure we focus on is Volume Points on a Royalty Basis, or Volume Points, which is essentially our weighted-average measure of product sales volume. Volume Points, which are unaffected by exchange rates or price changes, are used by management as a proxy for sales trends because in general, excluding the impact of price changes, an increase in Volume Points in a particular geographic region or country indicates an increase in our local currency net sales while a decrease in Volume Points in a particular geographic region or country indicates a decrease in our local currency net sales. The criteria we use to determine how and when we recognize Volume Points are not identical to our revenue recognition policies under U.S. GAAP. Unlike net sales, which are generally recognized when the product is delivered and when control passes to the Member, as discussed in greater detail in Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, we recognize Volume Points when a Member pays for the order, which is generally prior to the product being delivered. Further, the periods in which Volume Points are tracked can vary slightly from the fiscal periods for which we report our results under U.S. GAAP. Therefore, there can be timing differences between the product orders for which net sales are recognized and for which Volume Points are recognized within a given period. However, historically these timing differences generally have been immaterial in the context of using changes in Volume Points as a proxy to explain volume-driven changes in net sales.

The specific number of Volume Points assigned to a product, which is generally consistent across all markets, is based on a Volume Point to suggested retail price ratio for similar products. If a product is available in different quantities, the various sizes will have different Volume Point values. In general, once assigned, a Volume Point value is consistent in each region and country and does not change from year to year. We use Volume Points for Member qualification and recognition purposes, as well as a proxy for sales trends, and therefore we generally keep Volume Points for a similar or like product consistent on a global basis. However, because Volume Points are a function of value rather than product type or size, they are not a reliable measure for product mix. As an example, an increase in Volume Points in a specific country or region could mean a significant increase in sales of less expensive products or a marginal increase in sales of more expensive products.

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | March 31, 2021 |  |  | % Change |
|  | (Volume Points in millions) |
North America |  |  | 403.1 |  |  |  | 465.8 |  |  |  | (13.5 | )%
Mexico |  |  | 209.4 |  |  |  | 217.8 |  |  |  | (3.9 | )%
South and Central America |  |  | 110.3 |  |  |  | 128.8 |  |  |  | (14.4 | )%
EMEA |  |  | 391.7 |  |  |  | 424.5 |  |  |  | (7.7 | )%
Asia Pacific |  |  | 518.5 |  |  |  | 490.1 |  |  |  | 5.8 | %
China |  |  | 66.9 |  |  |  | 100.8 |  |  |  | (33.6 | )%
Worldwide |  |  | 1,699.9 |  |  |  | 1,827.8 |  |  |  | (7.0 | )%

Volume Points decreased 7.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2022, after having increased 16.9% for the same period in 2021. The comparative 2022 and 2021 results by region discussed below are greatly impacted, we believe, by the significance and timing of our Members’ response to and activity levels during the earlier stages of the pandemic, which varied by region and by market within regions. We believe during certain periods our Members in certain markets where we saw increased net sales and Volume Point growth for some periods were more focused on their business due to those conditions, particularly the North America region and certain EMEA markets during the second half of 2020 and first half of 2021.

North America’s Volume Point decrease for the 2022 first quarter reflects largely, we believe, the comparison to a 2021 period that included record levels of sales as well as fewer new distributors and preferred customers joining our business during 2022. We believe Mexico’s Volume Point decrease for 2022, after a modest increase for the prior-year quarter, is due to the adverse impact of intermittent pandemic-related constraints. We believe the South and Central America region saw a decrease in Volume Points for the 2022 first quarter, after a small increase for 2021, due to the cumulative adverse impacts of the pandemic, as well as certain market-specific factors. EMEA’s Volume Point decrease for the 2022 first quarter reflects largely, we believe, the comparison to a 2021 period that included record levels of sales as well as fewer new distributors and preferred customers joining our business during 2022. The Asia Pacific region saw a small Volume Point increase for the 2022 first quarter, after a more significant increase for the 2021 first quarter, led by growth in the India market which offset declines elsewhere due, we believe, to continuing intermittent adverse impacts of pandemic conditions. China saw a significant Volume Point decrease for 2022, following a decrease for 2021 as well. These results in China reflect, we believe, a near-term adverse impact of strategic changes we are making to our business in China, as well as the continuing constraints on sales and training meetings due to the pandemic.

Across most markets, we expect COVID-19 pandemic conditions to continue to impact Volume Point results; however, we are unable to predict the duration or magnitude of these effects. Results and more regional or country-specific impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed further below in the applicable sections of Sales by Geographic Region.

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Presentation

“Net sales” represent product sales to our Members, net of “distributor allowances,” and inclusive of any shipping and handling revenues, as described further below.

Our Members purchase product from us at a suggested retail price, less discounts referred to as “distributor allowance.” Each Member’s level of discount is determined by qualification based on their volume of purchases. In cases where a Member has qualified for less than the maximum discount, the remaining discount, which we also refer to as a wholesale commission, is received by their sponsoring Members. Distributor allowances may also vary by country depending upon regulatory restrictions that limit or otherwise restrict distributor allowances. We also offer reduced distributor allowances with respect to certain products worldwide.

For U.S. GAAP purposes, shipping and handling services relating to product sales are recognized as fulfillment activities on our performance obligation to transfer products and are therefore recorded within net sales as part of product sales and are not considered as separate revenues.

In certain geographic markets, we have introduced segmentation of our Member base into two categories: “preferred members” – who are simply consumers who wish to purchase product for their own household use, and “distributors” – who are Members who also wish to resell products or build a sales organization. Additionally, in certain markets we are simplifying our pricing by eliminating certain shipping and handling charges and recovering those costs within suggested retail price.

Our international operations have provided and will continue to provide a significant portion of our total net sales. As a result, total net sales will continue to be affected by fluctuations in the U.S. dollar against foreign currencies. In order to provide a framework for assessing how our underlying businesses performed excluding the effect of foreign currency fluctuations, in addition to comparing the percent change in net sales from one period to another in U.S. dollars, we also compare the percent change in net sales from one period to another period using “net sales in local currency.” Net sales in local currency is not a U.S. GAAP financial measure. Net sales in local currency removes from net sales in U.S. dollars the impact of changes in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the local currencies of our foreign subsidiaries, by translating the current period net sales into U.S. dollars using the same foreign currency exchange rates that were used to translate the net sales for the previous comparable period. We believe presenting net sales in local currency is useful to investors because it allows a meaningful comparison of net sales of our foreign operations from period to period. However, net sales in local currency measures should not be considered in isolation or as an alternative to net sales in U.S. dollar measures that reflect current period exchange rates, or to other financial measures calculated and presented in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Additionally, the impact of foreign currency fluctuations in Venezuela and the price increases we implement as a result of the highly inflationary economy in that market can each, when considered in isolation, can have a disproportionately large impact to our consolidated results despite the offsetting nature of these drivers and that net sales in Venezuela, which represent less than 1% of our consolidated net sales, are not material to our consolidated results. Therefore, in certain instances, we believe it is helpful to provide additional information with respect to these factors as reported and excluding the impact of Venezuela to illustrate the disproportionate nature of Venezuela’s individual pricing and foreign exchange impact to our consolidated results. However, excluding the impact of Venezuela from these measures is not in accordance with U.S. GAAP and should not be considered in isolation or as an alternative to the presentation and discussion thereof calculated in accordance with U.S. GAAP.

Our “gross profit” consists of net sales less “cost of sales,” which represents our manufacturing costs, the price we pay to our raw material suppliers and manufacturers of our products as well as shipping and handling costs, including duties, tariffs, and similar expenses.

While certain Members may profit from their activities by reselling our products for amounts greater than the prices they pay us, Members that develop, retain, and manage other Members may earn additional compensation for those activities, which we refer to as “Royalty overrides.” Royalty overrides are a significant operating expense and consist of:

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royalty overrides and production bonuses;
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the Mark Hughes bonus payable to some of our most senior Members; and
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other discretionary incentive cash bonuses to qualifying Members.

Royalty overrides are compensation to Members for the development, retention and improved productivity of their sales organizations and are paid to several levels of Members on each sale. Royalty overrides are compensation for services rendered to us and, as such, are recorded as an operating expense.

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In China, our independent service providers are compensated for marketing, sales support, and other services instead of the distributor allowances and royalty overrides utilized in our global Marketing Plan. The majority of service fees to China independent service providers are included in selling, general, and administrative expenses.

Because of local country regulatory constraints, we may be required to modify our Member incentive plans as described above. We also pay reduced royalty overrides with respect to certain products worldwide. Consequently, the total Royalty override percentage may vary over time.

Our “contribution margins” consist of net sales less cost of sales and Royalty overrides.

“Selling, general, and administrative expenses” represent our operating expenses, which include labor and benefits, service fees to China independent service providers, sales events, professional fees, travel and entertainment, Member promotions, occupancy costs, communication costs, bank fees, depreciation and amortization, foreign exchange gains and losses, and other miscellaneous operating expenses.

Our “other operating income” consists of government grant income related to China.

Most of our sales to Members outside the United States are made in the respective local currencies. In preparing our financial statements, we translate revenues into U.S. dollars using average exchange rates. Additionally, the majority of our purchases from our suppliers generally are made in U.S. dollars. Consequently, a strengthening of the U.S. dollar versus a foreign currency can have a negative impact on our reported sales and contribution margins and can generate foreign currency losses on intercompany transactions. Foreign currency exchange rates can fluctuate significantly. From time to time, we enter into foreign currency derivatives to partially mitigate our foreign currency exchange risk as discussed in further detail in Part I, Item 3, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Summary Financial Results

Net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2022 were $1,335.8 million. Net sales decreased $165.8 million, or 11.0%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. In local currency, net sales decreased 7.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. The 11.0% decrease in net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was primarily driven by a decrease in sales volume, as indicated by a 7.0% decrease in Volume Points, a 3.2% unfavorable impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, and a 3.4% unfavorable impact of country sales mix, partially offset by a 3.1% favorable impact of price increases.

Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was $98.2 million, or $0.96 per diluted share. Net income decreased $49.2 million, or 33.4%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. The decrease in net income for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was mainly due to $118.4 million lower contribution margin driven by lower net sales, partially offset by $51.8 million lower selling, general, and administrative expenses and $12.4 million lower income taxes.

Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2022 included a $1.7 million pre-tax unfavorable impact ($1.4 million post-tax) from expenses related to the COVID-19 pandemic, and such expenses are expected to continue in future periods; and a $1.6 million pre-tax unfavorable impact ($1.4 million post-tax) of transformation initiative expenses, primarily relating to professional fees.

The income tax impact of the expenses discussed above is based on forecasted items affecting our 2022 full year effective tax rate. Adjustments to forecasted items unrelated to these expenses, as well as impacts related to interim reporting, will have an effect on the income tax impact of these items in subsequent periods.

Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2021 included a $5.7 million pre-tax unfavorable impact ($5.8 million post-tax) of non-cash interest expense related to the 2024 Convertible Notes (See Note 4, Long-Term Debt, to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q); a $4.8 million pre-tax unfavorable impact ($3.7 million post-tax) from expenses related to the COVID-19 pandemic; and a $1.1 million pre-tax unfavorable impact ($0.9 million post-tax) of debt issuance costs related to the amendment of our 2018 Credit Facility (See Note 4, Long-Term Debt, to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q).

Results of Operations

Our results of operations for the periods below are not necessarily indicative of results of operations for future periods, which depend upon numerous factors, including our ability to sponsor Members and retain sales leaders, further penetrate existing markets, introduce new products and programs that will help our Members increase their retail efforts and develop niche market segments.

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The following table sets forth selected results of our operations expressed as a percentage of net sales for the periods indicated:

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | March 31, 2021 |
Operations: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net sales |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 100.0 | %
Cost of sales |  |  | 23.0 |  |  |  | 20.9 |
Gross profit |  |  | 77.0 |  |  |  | 79.1 |
Royalty overrides(1) |  |  | 32.5 |  |  |  | 31.6 |
Selling, general, and administrative expenses(1) |  |  | 34.0 |  |  |  | 33.7 |
Other operating income |  |  | (1.0 | ) |  |  | (1.0 | )
Operating income |  |  | 11.5 |  |  |  | 14.8 |
Interest expense, net |  |  | 2.3 |  |  |  | 2.5 |
Income before income taxes |  |  | 9.2 |  |  |  | 12.3 |
Income taxes |  |  | 1.9 |  |  |  | 2.5 |
Net income |  |  | 7.3 | % |  |  | 9.8 | %

(1)
The majority of service fees to our independent service providers in China are included in selling, general, and administrative expenses while Member compensation for all other countries is included in Royalty overrides.

Reporting Segment Results

We aggregate our operating segments, excluding China, into a reporting segment, or the Primary Reporting Segment. The Primary Reporting Segment includes the North America, Mexico, South and Central America, EMEA, and Asia Pacific regions. China has been identified as a separate reporting segment as it does not meet the criteria for aggregation. See Note 6, Segment Information, to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further discussion of our reporting segments. See below for discussions of net sales and contribution margin by our reporting segments.

Net Sales by Reporting Segment

The Primary Reporting Segment reported net sales of $1,230.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, representing a decrease of $102.1 million, or 7.7%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. In local currency, net sales decreased 3.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. The 7.7% decrease in net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was primarily due to a decrease in sales volume, as indicated by a 5.4% decrease in Volume Points, and a 3.8% unfavorable impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, and a 1.4% unfavorable impact of country sales mix, partially offset by a 3.5% favorable impact of price increases.

For a discussion of China’s net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2022, see the China section of Sales by Geographic Region below.

Contribution Margin by Reporting Segment

As discussed above under “Presentation,” contribution margin consists of net sales less cost of sales and Royalty overrides.

The Primary Reporting Segment reported contribution margin of $504.4 million, or 41.0% of net sales, for the three months ended March 31, 2022, representing a decrease of $61.3 million, or 10.8%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. The 10.8% decrease in contribution margin for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was primarily the result of a 5.4% unfavorable impact of volume decreases, a 3.7% unfavorable impact of sales mix, a 3.3% unfavorable impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, and a 3.2% unfavorable impact of cost changes from self-manufacturing and sourcing related to increased costs of raw materials, manufacturing labor costs, and inbound freight costs, partially offset by a 5.7% favorable impact of price increases.

China reported contribution margin of $90.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022, representing a decrease of $57.1 million, or 38.7%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. The 38.7% decrease in contribution margin for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was primarily the result of a 33.6% unfavorable impact of volume decreases and a 5.4% unfavorable impact of sales mix, partially offset by a 1.9% favorable impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

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Sales by Geographic Region

Net sales by geographic region were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | March 31, 2021 |  |  | % Change |
|  | (Dollars in millions) |
North America |  | $ | 326.2 |  |  | $ | 360.5 |  |  |  | (9.5 | )%
Mexico |  |  | 118.4 |  |  |  | 118.2 |  |  |  | 0.2 | %
South and Central America |  |  | 82.9 |  |  |  | 96.0 |  |  |  | (13.6 | )%
EMEA |  |  | 295.0 |  |  |  | 354.2 |  |  |  | (16.7 | )%
Asia Pacific |  |  | 407.7 |  |  |  | 403.4 |  |  |  | 1.1 | %
China |  |  | 105.6 |  |  |  | 169.3 |  |  |  | (37.6 | )%
Worldwide |  | $ | 1,335.8 |  |  | $ | 1,501.6 |  |  |  | (11.0 | )%

Changes in net sales are directly associated with the retailing of our products, recruitment of new Members, and retention of sales leaders. Our strategies involve providing quality products, improved DMOs, including daily consumption approaches such as Nutrition Clubs, easier access to product, systemized training and education of Members on our products and methods, leveraging technology to make it easier for our Members to do business, and continued promotion and branding of Herbalife Nutrition products.

Management’s role, in-country and at the region and corporate level, is to provide Members with a competitive, broad, and innovative product line, offer leading-edge business tools and technology services, and encourage strong teamwork and Member leadership to make doing business with Herbalife Nutrition simple. We have provided to our Members enhanced technology tools for ordering, business performance, and customer retailing to make it easier for them to do business with us and to optimize their customers’ experiences. Management uses the Marketing Plan, which reflects the rules for our global network marketing organization that specify the qualification requirements and general compensation structure for Members, coupled with educational and motivational programs and promotions to encourage Members to increase retailing, retention, and recruiting, which in turn affect net sales. Such programs include sales events such as Extravaganzas, Leadership Development Weekends and World Team Schools where large groups of Members network with other Members, learn retailing, retention, and recruiting techniques from our leading Members, and become more familiar with how to market and sell our products and business opportunities. Accordingly, management believes that these development and motivation programs increase the productivity of the sales leader network. The expenses for such programs are included in selling, general, and administrative expenses. We also use event and non-event product promotions to motivate Members to increase retailing, retention, and recruiting activities. These promotions have prizes ranging from qualifying for events to product prizes and vacations. In a number of markets, we have segmented our Member base into “preferred members” and “distributors” for more targeted and efficient communication and promotions for these two differently motivated types of Members. In certain other markets that have not been segmented, we have begun using Member data to similarly categorize Members for communication and promotion efforts.

DMOs are being generated in many of our markets and are globalized where applicable through the combined efforts of Members and country, regional and corporate management. While we support a number of different DMOs, one of the most popular DMOs is the daily consumption DMO. Under our traditional DMO, a Member typically sells to its customers on a somewhat infrequent basis (e.g., monthly) which provides fewer opportunities for interaction with their customers. Under a daily consumption DMO, a Member interacts with its customers on a more frequent basis, including such activities as weekly weigh-ins, which enables the Member to better educate and advise customers about nutrition and the proper use of the products and helps promote daily usage as well, thereby helping the Member grow his or her business. Specific examples of globalized DMOs include the Nutrition Club concept in Mexico and the Weight Loss Challenge in the United States. Management’s strategy is to review the applicability of expanding successful country initiatives throughout a region, and where appropriate, support the globalization of these initiatives.

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As discussed further by market below, we have responded to COVID-19 pandemic conditions by adapting how we communicate with, service, and transact with our Members, and our Members have similarly adapted their DMOs and other activities. These responsive actions and their duration have varied by region and by market due to the differing market- and regional-specific impacts of the pandemic and the conditions and challenges unique to a particular market or region independent of the impacts of the pandemic. The factors described above help Members increase their business, which in turn helps drive Volume Point growth in our business, and thus, net sales growth. The discussion below of net sales details some of the specific drivers of changes in our business and causes of sales fluctuations during the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021, as well as the unique growth or contraction factors specific to certain geographic regions or significant markets within a region during these periods. Net sales fluctuations, both Company-wide and within a particular geographic region or market, are primarily the result of changes in volume, changes in prices, or changes in foreign currency translation rates. The discussion of changes in net sales quantifies the impact of those drivers that are quantifiable such as changes in foreign currency translation rates, and cites the estimated impact of any significant price changes. The remaining drivers, which management believes are the primary drivers of changes in volume, are typically qualitative factors whose impact cannot be quantified. We use Volume Points as an indication for changes in sales volume.

We expect COVID-19 pandemic conditions to continue to impact our results of operations in future quarters and their comparability to prior periods, both on a consolidated basis and at the regional level. In addition, global inflationary pressures and other non-pandemic factors such as geopolitical conflict may impact both our cost structures and our pricing, with potential sales volume impact. However, given the unpredictable, unprecedented, and fluid nature of these factors, we are unable to predict the extent to which they will adversely impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations, including the impact it may have on our regions and individual markets. We continue to examine our cost structure and are planning incremental pricing actions in response to ongoing inflationary pressures. See below for a more detailed discussion of the pandemic’s impact on net sales for the first quarter of 2022 for each geographic region and individual market.

North America

The North America region reported net sales of $326.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Net sales decreased $34.3 million, or 9.5%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. In local currency, net sales decreased 9.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. The 9.5% decrease in net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was primarily due to a decrease in sales volume, as indicated by a 13.5% decrease in Volume Points, partially offset by a 1.9% favorable impact of price increases.

Net sales in the U.S. were $317.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Net sales decreased $31.5 million, or 9.0%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021.

The volume decline for the first quarter of 2022 versus the first quarter of 2021 includes the effect of comparison to a period that saw record levels of sales for the region. We believe pandemic conditions during the second half of 2020 and first half of 2021 were a contributing factor in the motivation and focus of our Members in the region. We have subsequently also seen lower levels of new Members in the region. Despite the volume decline for the first quarter of 2022, the region has seen growth in recent years, supported by product line expansion and deployment of enhanced technology tools and social media to support our distributors’ businesses and optimize their customers’ experiences with Herbalife Nutrition. The region saw a 6.8% price increase during March 2022.

In response to the pandemic conditions, product distribution to our Members was temporarily altered during 2020 to allow online and phone-in orders only. Currently, two of our three major U.S. distribution centers are shipping product only, with no in-person pick-ups permitted. Our sales centers now allow product pick-up, but with no orders or payments taken on-site. Members’ Nutrition Clubs, which represent a major DMO for the region, are operating in some areas as pick-up points for product only, and returning to traditional on-site consumption approach as local conditions allow. Our Member training and promotion events, which had shifted to include “virtual” online approaches, are being reinstituted as live events as conditions allow. Certain modified practices by us and our Members developed during the early stages of the pandemic may prove to be lasting improvements, such as expanded use of social media channels.

Mexico

The Mexico region reported net sales of $118.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Net sales increased $0.2 million, or 0.2%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. In local currency, net sales increased 1.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. The 0.2% increase in net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was primarily due to a 4.7% favorable impact of price increases, partially offset by a decrease in sales volume, as indicated by a 3.9% decrease in Volume Points, and a 0.9% unfavorable impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

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Although easing, Mexico has seen some adverse impact of intermittent pandemic-related constraints, particularly on Nutrition Club operations which are important to the market. Although nearly all product access points in Mexico, both Company-operated and third party, remained open, in some areas Nutrition Clubs operated under restrictions such as for product pick-up only. We have seen some decline in new Members versus the prior year attributable in part, we believe, to pandemic conditions constraining Members’ ability to hold in-person meetings with customers. Such meetings are starting to recommence.

South and Central America

The South and Central America region reported net sales of $82.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Net sales decreased $13.1 million, or 13.6%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. In local currency, net sales decreased 9.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. The 13.6% decrease in net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was due to a decrease in sales volume, as indicated by a 14.4% decrease in Volume Points, and a 4.2% unfavorable impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, partially offset by a 5.2% favorable impact of price increases.

Virtually all markets in the region saw volume declines for the first quarter of 2022 versus the first quarter of 2021, due in part, we believe, to a cumulative adverse impact of the operating constraints and macroeconomic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on Members’ activities, as well as market-specific factors. Sales volume declines were greatest in Brazil, our largest market in the region, and Peru.

Pandemic impacts have varied by market across the region, but have at times included product shipping delays and suspension and/or closure of product access points and Members’ Nutrition Clubs, requiring reliance on shipping product to Members’ and customers’ homes. Markets across the region are focused on building more sustainable business for our Members through daily product consumption and retailing. Efforts within the region include support for the reopening of Members’ Nutrition Clubs, promotions encouraging referrals of new Preferred Members, and utilization of cash prize promotions.

Net sales in Brazil were $15.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Net sales decreased $2.8 million, or 16.0%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. In local currency, net sales decreased 19.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. The fluctuation of foreign currency exchange rates had a favorable impact of $0.5 million on net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Sales volumes declined in the market for the first quarter versus the prior-year first quarter. COVID-19 pandemic conditions and their macroeconomic impact continue in the market and have constrained our business and that of our Members, particularly the important Nutrition Club DMO. Although some Members’ Nutrition Clubs are operating, we have seen declines in both the number of Clubs and their customer traffic. More broadly, the market has seen some years of negative momentum, though we continue to support our Members in ways such as efforts to re-establish Members’ Nutrition Clubs and working with Member leadership to identify best practices for replication within the market.

Net sales in Peru were $13.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Net sales decreased $3.9 million, or 22.7%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. In local currency, net sales decreased 19.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. The fluctuation of foreign currency exchange rates had an unfavorable impact of $0.6 million on net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Sales volume decreased for the quarter versus the prior-year quarter. The market continues to experience intermittent disruptions due to COVID-19 pandemic conditions as well as political and economic uncertainty. The market has seen Members’ leveraging social media and using the weight management challenge DMO.

EMEA

The EMEA region reported net sales of $295.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Net sales decreased $59.2 million, or 16.7%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. In local currency, net sales decreased 6.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. The 16.7% decrease in net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was primarily due to a 9.8% unfavorable impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, a decrease in sales volume, as indicated by a 7.7% decrease in Volume Points, and a 1.6% unfavorable impact of country sales mix, partially offset by a 4.0% favorable impact of price increases.

The EMEA volume decline for the first quarter of 2022 versus the first quarter of 2021 includes the effect of comparison to a period that saw record levels of sales for the region. Although pandemic conditions have had adverse operational impacts, we believe during the second half of 2020 and first half of 2021 those conditions were a contributing factor in the motivation and focus of our Members in certain markets. We have subsequently seen lower levels of new Members in the region. For a number of years previous, the EMEA region saw volume growth reflecting, we believe, efforts to enhance the quality and activity of sales leaders including Member training, brand awareness, and product line expansion, as well as enhanced technology tools for ordering, business performance, and customer retailing. The quarter’s year-over-year volume decline was led by the United Kingdom, South Africa, Spain, and Italy.

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Due to COVID-19 pandemic conditions, our sales centers and other product access points in certain markets within the region have at times been closed or open for limited operations only, leaving shipping for home delivery as the primary distribution channel while those conditions persist. Also, Members have at times turned further to social media to carry out their sales and oversight activities. Although most access points are now open and we and our Members have begun to reinstitute face-to-face approaches as conditions allow, we believe these adaptations have been successful in limiting the adverse impact of the pandemic and may continue to some degree to be lasting approaches.

Net sales in Spain were $40.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Net sales decreased $10.4 million, or 20.6%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. In local currency, net sales decreased 14.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. The fluctuation of foreign currency exchange rates had an unfavorable impact of $3.0 million on net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The first quarter of 2022 saw a sales volume decrease in comparison to a very strong first quarter of 2021. We believe adaptation by Members to pandemic conditions, such as online communication with Members and home delivery, as well as heightened demand for our products and business opportunity, were contributing factors to strong sales volume through the first half of 2021. We have subsequently seen fewer new distributors and preferred customers joining our business. In recent years, Spain has generally seen sales volume increases as it benefited from programs of promotions and sponsorships that have raised brand awareness through healthy active lifestyle and Members’ use of social media channels increased. In response to pandemic conditions, we have shifted our Member support operations to online activities where appropriate, as well as continuing normal home delivery.

Net sales in Russia were $36.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Net sales increased $1.6 million, or 4.6%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. In local currency, net sales increased 26.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. The fluctuation of foreign currency exchange rates had an unfavorable impact of $7.5 million on net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Russia saw a year-over-year sales volume increase for the first quarter of 2022 which we do not expect to continue as a result of Member purchases ahead of a 50% price increase that occurred in mid-March. Due to geopolitical conflict, we suspended product shipment to the Russia market. We do not have any manufacturing operations in Russia. If we do not reinstitute product shipments, sales volume in Russia will eventually decline and cease as our inventory there is depleted. We are unable to predict the duration and extent to which our suspension of product shipments to Russia and other related actions or U.S. sanctions will impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Net sales in Italy were $33.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Net sales decreased $10.3 million, or 23.6%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. In local currency, net sales decreased 17.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. The fluctuation of foreign currency exchange rates had an unfavorable impact of $2.5 million on net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The first quarter of 2022 saw a sales volume decrease in comparison to a very strong first quarter of 2021. We believe adaptation by Members to pandemic conditions, such as online communication with Members and home delivery, as well as heightened demand for our products and business opportunity, were contributing factors to strong sales volume through the first half of 2021. We have subsequently seen fewer new distributors and preferred customers joining our business.

Asia Pacific

The Asia Pacific region, which excludes China, reported net sales of $407.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Net sales increased $4.3 million, or 1.1%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. In local currency, net sales increased 3.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. The 1.1% increase in net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was primarily due to an increase in sales volume, as indicated by a 5.8% increase in Volume Points, and a 3.8% favorable impact of price increases, partially offset by a 3.5% unfavorable impact of country sales mix, a 2.5% unfavorable impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, and a 2.5% unfavorable impact of timing differences between recognition of net sales and Volume Points.

The Volume Point increase for the quarter was driven by India, offsetting declines in most other markets in the region. COVID-19 pandemic conditions, such as closed sales centers and operating constraints on Members’ Nutrition Clubs, continue to have an intermittent adverse impact on results, most significantly for Malaysia.

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Net sales in India were $152.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Net sales increased $37.3 million, or 32.5%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. In local currency, net sales increased 36.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. The fluctuation of foreign currency exchange rates had an unfavorable impact of $4.8 million on net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Sales volumes have increased in India in recent years as we continued to expand our product line and make it easier for our Members to do business, such as by adding product access points and payment methods, and introducing a customer-direct shipping capability for our Members. A Preferred Customer program has been a success, becoming an important source of new customers and new Members. Additionally, we believe adaption by our Members to pandemic-related operating constraints, such as greater use of online marketing and training tools and online Nutrition Club operation, has broadened their geographic reach enabling them to expand their businesses.

Pandemic-related operating constraints continue to be intermittent in the market, as conditions evolve by area and Indian states institute constraints as warranted. Company locations are now open for the taking of orders and payments and pick-up of product, though home delivery volumes continue to exceed pre-pandemic levels and home delivery is becoming an important distribution channel for the market.

Net sales in Vietnam were $73.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Net sales decreased $4.4 million, or 5.7%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. In local currency, net sales decreased 6.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. The fluctuation of foreign currency exchange rates had a favorable impact of $0.9 million on net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2022. After several years of sales volume growth, as sales leadership focused on sustainable, consumption-oriented business practices and the number of product access points increased, Vietnam saw a sales volume decrease for the first quarter of 2022 versus the prior-year first quarter. The decrease was largely driven, we believe, by a comparison to a base period which saw strong sales ahead of a significant March 2021 price increase. Pandemic-related operating constraints, such as product pick-up by appointment only and the closure of some Members’ Nutrition Clubs for in-person customer servicing, continue to be intermittent and also contributed, we believe, to the year-over-year decline in volume. We and our Members have adapted to constraints by moving events, trainings, and product ordering online, as well as providing home delivery. Further changes to direct-selling regulations in the market are expected to receive government approval in 2022; we continue to assess and monitor these proposed regulations.

Net sales in Indonesia were $44.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Net sales increased $0.4 million, or 1.0%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. In local currency, net sales increased 2.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. The fluctuation of foreign currency exchange rates had an unfavorable impact of $0.5 million on net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2022. The sales volume increase for the quarter was contributed to, we believe, by strong sales volume ahead of an April 1, 2022 price increase, the first price increase for the market in several years, and may have a negative impact on sales volume for the second quarter of 2022. Pandemic conditions continue to cause intermittent constraints on the operating hours and capacity of our product access points and Member’s Nutrition Clubs. Implementation of certain applicable licensing and filing requirements is in progress.

Net sales in South Korea were $30.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Net sales decreased $1.3 million, or 4.1%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. In local currency, net sales increased 3.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. The fluctuation of foreign currency exchange rates had an unfavorable impact of $2.5 million on net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Sales volumes increased for the quarter versus the prior-year quarter as the government eased social distancing restrictions somewhat and as our Members continue to adapt to virtual approaches for their businesses, such as online training. However, pandemic conditions continue to be intermittent with potential ongoing adverse impact on sales volumes, including suspension of our training facilities, safety guidelines for Nutrition Clubs operations, and restrictions on gatherings.

China

The China region reported net sales of $105.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022. Net sales decreased $63.7 million, or 37.6%, for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. In local currency, net sales decreased 38.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. The 37.6% decrease in net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2022 was primarily due to a decrease in sales volume, as indicated by a 33.6% decrease in Volume Points, and a 4.7% unfavorable impact of sales mix mainly as a result of our determination that certain China independent service providers are now our customers for accounting purposes as a result of changes commencing January 1, 2022 (See Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q), partially offset by a 1.3% favorable impact of fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

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Volume declines for China continue to be attributable, we believe, to several factors including changes we are making that we believe will ultimately strengthen the consistency and sustainability of our business in China. In December 2020 we increased the requirements for our sales representatives in China to be eligible to apply to become independent service providers, with further modification during the third quarter of 2021. We believe these changes will ultimately strengthen our business by improving the quality of our independent service providers, but as our Members acclimate to these new requirements we have seen declines in the number of new independent service providers and net sales. Also, the frequency and attendance of our and our Members’ in-person training and sales meetings, which are important to the business as they are a central channel for attracting and retaining customers, providing personal and professional development for our Members, and promoting our products, were well below the levels of prior years due to continuing pandemic-related constraints.

Focus areas for China include enhancing our digital capabilities and offerings, such as improving the integration of our technological tools to make it easier for our Members to do business, encouraging a customer-based approach through DMOs such as weight management challenges, and supporting our Members’ establishment of daily consumption-oriented Nutrition Clubs. We have expanded our product line for the China market and continue to conduct sales promotions in the region.

Sales by Product Category

Net sales by product category were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | March 31, 2021 |  |  | % Change |
|  | (Dollars in millions) |
Weight Management |  | $ | 761.8 |  |  | $ | 883.4 |  |  |  | (13.8 | )%
Targeted Nutrition |  |  | 390.1 |  |  |  | 421.9 |  |  |  | (7.5 | )%
Energy, Sports, and Fitness |  |  | 132.7 |  |  |  | 126.5 |  |  |  | 4.9 | %
Outer Nutrition |  |  | 23.0 |  |  |  | 30.4 |  |  |  | (24.3 | )%
Literature, Promotional, and Other(1) |  |  | 28.2 |  |  |  | 39.4 |  |  |  | (28.4 | )%
Total |  | $ | 1,335.8 |  |  | $ | 1,501.6 |  |  |  | (11.0 | )%

(1)
Product buybacks and returns in all product categories are included in the Literature, Promotional, and Other category.

Net sales for the majority of product categories decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021. The trends and business factors described in the above discussions of the individual geographic regions apply generally to all product categories. The Energy, Sports, and Fitness category saw an increase for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021 based on strength in the North America region.

Gross Profit

Gross profit was $1,028.7 million and $1,187.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Gross profit as a percentage of net sales was 77.0% and 79.1% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, or an unfavorable net decrease of 206 basis points.

The decrease in gross profit as a percentage of net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021 included unfavorable changes in country mix of 122 basis points; unfavorable cost changes related to self-manufacturing and sourcing of 117 basis points primarily related to increases of raw materials, manufacturing labor, and inbound freight costs and increased allocated overhead costs due to lower production volume; unfavorable cost changes of 25 basis points relating to increased outbound freight costs due to orders shifting toward home delivery versus Member pick-up; unfavorable other cost changes of 25 basis points; and the unfavorable impact of higher inventory write-downs of 23 basis points; partially offset by the favorable impact of retail price increases of 81 basis points and the favorable impact of foreign currency fluctuations of 25 basis points.

We expect our gross margin to be negatively impacted in 2022 primarily due to increased costs related to raw materials, manufacturing labor costs, and freight costs.

Generally, gross profit as a percentage of net sales may vary from period to period due to the impact of foreign currency fluctuations, changes in country mix as volume changes among countries with varying margins, retail price increases, cost changes related to self-manufacturing and sourcing, and inventory write-downs.

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Royalty Overrides

Royalty overrides were $433.8 million and $474.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Royalty overrides as a percentage of net sales were 32.5% and 31.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The increase in royalty overrides as a percentage of net sales for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021 was primarily due to lower net sales in China as a proportion of our total worldwide net sales. The majority of service fees to our independent service providers in China are included in selling, general, and administrative expenses while Member compensation for all other countries is included in Royalty overrides.

Generally, Royalty overrides as a percentage of net sales may vary from period to period due to changes in the mix of products and countries because full royalty overrides are not paid on certain products and in certain countries.

Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general, and administrative expenses were $454.9 million and $506.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Selling, general, and administrative expenses as a percentage of net sales were 34.0% and 33.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The decrease in selling, general, and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021 was driven by $40.8 million in lower service fees for China independent service providers due to lower sales in China, $10.9 million in lower labor and benefits costs, and $10.2 million in lower Member event and promotion costs.

Other Operating Income

The $13.1 million of other operating income for the three months ended March 31, 2022 consisted of $13.1 million of government grant income for China (See Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q). The $15.9 million of other operating income for the three months ended March 31, 2021 consisted of $15.9 million of government grant income for China.

Interest Expense, Net

Interest expense, net was as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, 2022 |  |  | March 31, 2021 |
|  | (in millions) |
Interest expense |  | $ | 31.4 |  |  | $ | 38.9 |
Interest income |  |  | (1.7 | ) |  |  | (1.4 | )
Interest expense, net |  | $ | 29.7 |  |  | $ | 37.5 |

The decrease in interest expense, net for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021 was primarily due to the adoption of ASU 2020-06 and the resulting decrease in non-cash interest expense and a decrease in our overall weighted-average interest rate, partially offset by an increase in our overall weighted-average borrowings. See Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, and Note 4, Long-Term Debt, to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a further discussion on the impact of adopting ASU 2020-06 and the non-cash interest expense related to the 2024 Convertible Notes.

Income Taxes

Income taxes were $25.2 million and $37.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The effective income tax rate was 20.4% and 20.3% for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2022 as compared to the same period in 2021 was primarily due to a decrease in net tax benefits from discrete events, partially offset by changes in the geographic mix of our income.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have historically met our short- and long-term working capital and capital expenditure requirements, including funding for expansion of operations, through net cash flows provided by operating activities. Variations in sales of our products directly affect the availability of funds. There are no material contractual restrictions on our ability to transfer and remit funds among our international affiliated companies. However, there are foreign currency restrictions in certain countries which could reduce our ability to timely obtain U.S. dollars. Even with these restrictions and the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, we believe we will have sufficient resources, including cash flow from operating activities and access to capital markets, to meet debt service obligations in a timely manner and be able to continue to meet our objectives.

Historically, our debt has not resulted from the need to fund our normal operations, but instead has resulted primarily from our share repurchase programs. Since inception in 2007, total share repurchases amounted to approximately $6.5 billion. While a significant net sales decline could potentially affect the availability of funds, many of our largest expenses are variable in nature, which we believe protects our funding in all but a dramatic net sales downturn. Our $569.7 million cash and cash equivalents as of March 31, 2022 and our senior secured credit facility, in addition to cash flow from operations, can be used to support general corporate purposes, including any future share repurchases, dividends, and strategic investment opportunities.

We have a cash pooling arrangement with a financial institution for cash management purposes. This cash pooling arrangement allows certain of our participating subsidiaries to withdraw cash from this financial institution based upon our aggregate cash deposits held by subsidiaries who participate in the cash pooling arrangement. We did not owe any amounts to this financial institution under the pooling arrangement as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

For the three months ended March 31, 2022, we generated $130.5 million of operating cash flow as compared to $110.1 million for the same period in 2021. The increase in our operating cash flow was the result of $74.7 million of favorable changes in operating assets and liabilities, partially offset by $54.3 million of lower net income excluding non-cash and reconciling items disclosed within our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows. The $74.7 million change in operating assets and liabilities was primarily the result of favorable changes in inventories, royalty overrides, and other current liabilities, partially offset by unfavorable changes in prepaid expenses and other current assets, and accounts payable. The $74.7 million change in operating assets and liabilities included a favorable impact from royalty overrides mainly due to the timing of payments of the Mark Hughes bonus as described below. The $54.3 million of lower net income excluding non-cash and reconciling items was primarily driven by lower contribution margin driven by lower net sales (See Summary Financial Results above for further discussion), partially offset by lower selling, general, and administrative expenses and lower income taxes.

Capital expenditures, including accrued capital expenditures, were $40.3 million and $27.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The majority of these expenditures represented investments in management information systems, including initiatives to develop web-based Member tools, as well as expansion and enhancement of our manufacturing and distribution facilities. We expect to continue our investments in these areas and expect to incur total capital expenditures of approximately $175 million to $225 million for the full year of 2022.

In April 2022, we hosted our annual global Herbalife Honors event virtually where sales leaders from around the world met, shared best practices, and conducted leadership training, and our management awarded Members $85.7 million of Mark Hughes bonus payments subsequent to March 31, 2022 related to their 2021 performance. In March 2021, our management awarded Members $81.1 million of Mark Hughes bonus payments related to their 2020 performance.

In the fourth quarter of 2021, we initiated a global transformation program to optimize global processes for future growth, or the Transformation Program. The Transformation Program involves the investment in certain new technologies and the realignment of infrastructure and the locations of certain functions to better support distributors and customers. For the first phase of the Transformation Program, we currently expect total pre-tax expenses in the range of $25 million to $30 million through 2023, of which $1.6 million was recognized in selling, general, and administrative expenses within our condensed consolidated statement of income during the three months ended March 31, 2022. In addition, we expect a total of $11 million to $14 million of related capital expenditures through 2023, primarily relating to technology, to support both the first and second phase of the Transformation Program. We expect to complete the first phase of the Transformation Program in 2023. In addition to better aligning our internal resources to better effect regional and market level strategies, the first phase of the Transformation Program is expected to deliver annual incremental savings in the range of $10 million to $15 million, with some savings beginning in 2022 and full-year savings expected to be realized in 2024. We are still assessing the scope, timing, and execution plan of the second phase of the Transformation Program.

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Senior Secured Credit Facility

On August 16, 2018, we entered into a $1.25 billion senior secured credit facility, or the 2018 Credit Facility, consisting of a $250.0 million term loan A, or the 2018 Term Loan A, a $750.0 million term loan B, or the 2018 Term Loan B, and a $250.0 million revolving credit facility, or the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility, with a syndicate of financial institutions as lenders. The 2018 Term Loan B matures upon the earlier of: (i) August 18, 2025, or (ii) December 15, 2023 if the outstanding principal on the 2024 Convertible Notes, as defined below, exceeds $350.0 million and we exceed certain leverage ratios as of that date. All obligations under the 2018 Credit Facility are unconditionally guaranteed by certain direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries of Herbalife Nutrition Ltd. and secured by the equity interests of certain of Herbalife Nutrition Ltd.’s subsidiaries and substantially all of the assets of the domestic loan parties. Also on August 16, 2018, we issued $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes, or the 2026 Notes as described below, and used the proceeds from the 2018 Credit Facility and the 2026 Notes to repay in full the $1,178.1 million outstanding under our prior senior secured credit facility.

On December 12, 2019, we amended the 2018 Credit Facility which, among other things, reduced the interest rate for borrowings under the 2018 Term Loan B. We incurred approximately $1.2 million of debt issuance costs in connection with the amendment. For accounting purposes, pursuant to the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic 470, Debt, or ASC 470, this transaction was accounted for as a modification of the 2018 Credit Facility. The debt issuance costs were recognized in interest expense, net within our condensed consolidated statement of income during the fourth quarter of 2019.

On March 19, 2020, we amended the 2018 Credit Facility which, among other things, extended the maturity of both the 2018 Term Loan A and 2018 Revolving Credit Facility to the earlier of: (i) March 19, 2025 or (ii) September 15, 2023 if the outstanding principal on the 2024 Convertible Notes, as defined below, exceeds $350.0 million and we exceed certain leverage ratios as of that date; increased borrowings under the 2018 Term Loan A from $234.4 million to a total of $264.8 million; increased the total available borrowing capacity under 2018 Revolving Credit Facility from $250.0 million to $282.5 million; and reduced the interest rate for borrowings under both the 2018 Term Loan A and 2018 Revolving Credit Facility. We incurred approximately $1.6 million of debt issuance costs in connection with the amendment. For accounting purposes, pursuant to ASC 470, this transaction was accounted for as a modification of the 2018 Credit Facility. Of the $1.6 million of debt issuance costs, approximately $1.1 million was recorded on our condensed consolidated balance sheet and is being amortized over the life of the 2018 Credit Facility using the effective-interest method, and approximately $0.5 million was recognized in interest expense, net within our condensed consolidated statement of income during the first quarter of 2020.

On February 10, 2021, we amended the 2018 Credit Facility which, among other things, reduced the interest rate for borrowings under the 2018 Term Loan B. We incurred approximately $1.1 million of debt issuance costs in connection with the amendment. For accounting purposes, pursuant to ASC 470, this transaction was accounted for as a modification of the 2018 Credit Facility. The debt issuance costs were recognized in interest expense, net within our condensed consolidated statement of income during the first quarter of 2021.

On July 30, 2021, we amended the 2018 Credit Facility which, among other things, increased borrowings under the 2018 Term Loan A from $245.0 million to a total of $286.2 million; increased the total available borrowing capacity under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility from $282.5 million to $330.0 million; reduced the interest rate for borrowings under the 2018 Term Loan A and 2018 Revolving Credit Facility; and amended the commitment fee on the undrawn portion of the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility. As a result of the amendment, the applicable margin for the 2018 Term Loan A and 2018 Revolving Credit Facility may also be subject to certain premiums or discounts tied to criteria determined by certain sustainability targets. We incurred approximately $1.4 million of debt issuance costs in connection with the amendment. For accounting purposes, pursuant to ASC 470, this transaction was accounted for as a modification of the 2018 Credit Facility. Of the $1.4 million of debt issuance costs, approximately $0.8 million was recorded on our condensed consolidated balance sheet and is being amortized over the life of the 2018 Credit Facility using the effective-interest method, and approximately $0.6 million was recognized in interest expense, net within our condensed consolidated statement of income during the third quarter of 2021.

The 2018 Credit Facility requires us to comply with a leverage ratio. The 2018 Credit Facility also contains affirmative and negative covenants customary for financings of this type, including, among other things, limitations or prohibitions on repurchasing common shares, declaring and paying dividends and other distributions, redeeming and repurchasing certain other indebtedness, loans and investments, additional indebtedness, liens, mergers, asset sales and transactions with affiliates. In addition, the 2018 Credit Facility contains customary events of default. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we were in compliance with our debt covenants under the 2018 Credit Facility.

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The 2018 Term Loan A and 2018 Term Loan B are payable in consecutive quarterly installments which began on December 31, 2018. Interest is due at least quarterly on amounts outstanding under the 2018 Credit Facility. In addition, beginning in 2020, we may be required to make mandatory prepayments towards the 2018 Term Loan B based on our consolidated leverage ratio and annual excess cash flows as defined under the terms of the 2018 Credit Facility. We are also permitted to make voluntary prepayments. Amounts outstanding under the 2018 Term Loan A and 2018 Term Loan B may be voluntarily prepaid without premium or penalty, subject to customary breakage fees in connection with the prepayment of a eurocurrency loan. These prepayments, if any, will be applied against remaining quarterly installments owed under the 2018 Term Loan A and 2018 Term Loan B in order of maturity with the remaining principal due upon maturity, unless directed otherwise by us. Based on the 2021 consolidated leverage ratio and excess cash flow calculation, both as defined under the terms of the 2018 Credit Facility, we will not be required to make a mandatory prepayment in 2022 toward the 2018 Term Loan B.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we borrowed an aggregate amount of $82.0 million under the 2018 Credit Facility, all of which was under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility, and repaid a total amount of $89.2 million on amounts outstanding under the 2018 Credit Facility, which included $82.0 million of repayments on amounts outstanding under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, we borrowed an aggregate amount of $270.0 million under the 2018 Credit Facility, all of which was under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility, and repaid a total amount of $125.2 million on amounts outstanding under the 2018 Credit Facility, which included $120.0 million of repayments on amounts outstanding under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the U.S. dollar amount outstanding under the 2018 Credit Facility was $1,087.4 million and $1,094.6 million, respectively. Of the $1,087.4 million outstanding under the 2018 Credit Facility as of March 31, 2022, $273.7 million was outstanding under the 2018 Term Loan A, $663.7 million was outstanding under the 2018 Term Loan B, and $150.0 million was outstanding under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility. Of the $1,094.6 million outstanding under the 2018 Credit Facility as of December 31, 2021, $279.0 million was outstanding under the 2018 Term Loan A, $665.6 million was outstanding under the 2018 Term Loan B, and $150.0 million was outstanding under the 2018 Revolving Credit Facility. There were no outstanding foreign currency borrowings under the 2018 Credit Facility as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the weighted-average interest rate for borrowings under the 2018 Credit Facility was 2.53% and 2.62%, respectively.

See Note 4, Long-Term Debt, to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a further discussion on the 2018 Credit Facility.

Convertible Senior Notes due 2024

In March 2018, we issued $550.0 million aggregate principal amount of convertible senior notes due 2024, or the 2024 Convertible Notes. The 2024 Convertible Notes are senior unsecured obligations which rank effectively subordinate to any of our existing and future secured indebtedness, including amounts outstanding under the 2018 Credit Facility, to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness. The 2024 Convertible Notes pay interest at a rate of 2.625% per annum payable semiannually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year, beginning on September 15, 2018. Unless redeemed, repurchased or converted in accordance with their terms prior to such date, the 2024 Convertible Notes mature on March 15, 2024. The primary purpose of the issuance of the 2024 Convertible Notes was to repurchase a portion of the 2019 Convertible Notes.

In December 2021, we made an irrevocable election under the indenture governing the 2024 Convertible Notes to require the principal portion of the 2024 Convertible Notes to be settled in cash and any excess in shares or cash. See Note 4, Long-Term Debt, to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a further discussion on our 2024 Convertible Notes.

Senior Notes due 2025

In May 2020, we issued $600.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior notes due 2025, or the 2025 Notes. The 2025 Notes are senior unsecured obligations which rank effectively subordinate to any of our existing and future secured indebtedness, including amounts outstanding under the 2018 Credit Facility, to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness. The 2025 Notes pay interest at a rate of 7.875% per annum payable semiannually in arrears on March 1 and September 1 of each year, beginning on March 1, 2021. The 2025 Notes mature on September 1, 2025, unless redeemed or repurchased in accordance with their terms prior to such date. The primary purpose of the issuance of the 2025 Notes was for general corporate purposes, including share repurchases and other capital investment projects. See Note 4, Long-Term Debt, to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a further discussion on our 2025 Notes.

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Senior Notes due 2026

In August 2018, we issued $400.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior notes due 2026, or the 2026 Notes. The 2026 Notes were senior unsecured obligations which ranked effectively subordinate to any of our existing and future secured indebtedness, including amounts outstanding under the 2018 Credit Facility, to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness. The 2026 Notes paid interest at a rate of 7.250% per annum payable semiannually in arrears on February 15 and August 15 of each year, beginning on February 15, 2019. The 2026 Notes were to mature on August 15, 2026, unless redeemed or repurchased in accordance with their terms prior to such date. The primary purpose of the issuance of the 2026 Notes was to refinance a portion of our prior senior secured credit facility.

In May 2021, we issued $600.0 million aggregate principal of new senior notes due 2029 as described below, and subsequently used a portion of the proceeds to redeem all $400.0 million of our existing 2026 Notes for an aggregate purchase price of $428.5 million, which included $7.7 million of accrued interest. See Note 4, Long-Term Debt, to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a further discussion on our 2026 Notes.

Senior Notes due 2029

In May 2021, we issued $600.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior notes due 2029, or the 2029 Notes. The 2029 Notes are senior unsecured obligations which rank effectively subordinate to any of our existing and future secured indebtedness, including amounts outstanding under the 2018 Credit Facility, to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness. The 2029 Notes pay interest at a rate of 4.875% per annum payable semiannually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on December 1, 2021. The 2029 Notes mature on June 1, 2029, unless redeemed or repurchased in accordance with their terms prior to such date. The primary purpose of the issuance of the 2029 Notes was to repurchase the 2026 Notes as well as for general corporate purposes, which may include shares repurchases and other capital investment projects. See Note 4, Long-Term Debt, to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a further discussion on our 2029 Notes.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The majority of our foreign subsidiaries designate their local currencies as their functional currencies. As of March 31, 2022, the total amount of our foreign subsidiary cash and cash equivalents was $430.8 million, of which $10.2 million was held in U.S. dollars. As of March 31, 2022, the total amount of cash and cash equivalents held by Herbalife Nutrition Ltd. and its U.S. entities, inclusive of U.S. territories, was $138.9 million.

For earnings not considered to be indefinitely reinvested deferred taxes have been provided. For earnings considered to be indefinitely reinvested, deferred taxes have not been provided. Should we make a determination to remit the cash and cash equivalents from our foreign subsidiaries that are considered indefinitely reinvested to Herbalife Nutrition Ltd. for the purpose of repatriation of undistributed earnings, we would need to accrue and pay taxes. As of December 31, 2021, Herbalife Nutrition Ltd. had approximately $2.8 billion of permanently reinvested unremitted earnings relating to its operating subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2021, we do not have any plans to repatriate these unremitted earnings to Herbalife Nutrition Ltd.; therefore, we do not have any liquidity concerns relating to these unremitted earnings and related cash and cash equivalents. See Note 12, Income Taxes, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our 2021 10-K for additional discussion on our unremitted earnings.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had no material off-balance sheet arrangements.

Dividends

We have not declared or paid cash dividends since 2014. The declaration of future dividends is subject to the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon various factors, including our earnings, financial condition, Herbalife Nutrition Ltd.’s available distributable reserves under Cayman Islands law, restrictions imposed by the 2018 Credit Facility and the terms of any other indebtedness that may be outstanding, cash requirements, future prospects, and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors.

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Share Repurchases

On February 9, 2021, our board of directors authorized a new three-year $1.5 billion share repurchase program that will expire on February 9, 2024, which replaced our prior share repurchase authorization that was set to expire on October 30, 2023 and had approximately $7.9 million of remaining authorized capacity when it was replaced. This share repurchase program allows us, which includes an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Herbalife Nutrition Ltd., to repurchase our common shares at such times and prices as determined by management, as market conditions warrant, and to the extent Herbalife Nutrition Ltd.’s distributable reserves are available under Cayman Islands law. The 2018 Credit Facility permits us to repurchase our common shares as long as no default or event of default exists and other conditions, such as specified consolidated leverage ratios, are met. As of March 31, 2022, the remaining authorized capacity under our $1.5 billion share repurchase program was approximately $1.0 billion.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we repurchased approximately 2.6 million of our common shares through open-market purchases at an aggregate cost of approximately $101.7 million, or an average cost of $39.32 per share, and subsequently retired these shares. During January 2021, we repurchased from Mr. Carl C. Icahn and certain of his affiliates an aggregate of approximately 12.5 million common shares of ours at an aggregate cost of approximately $600.0 million, or $48.05 per share, and subsequently retired these shares. In addition, during the three months ended March 31, 2021, we repurchased approximately 0.5 million of our common shares through open-market purchases at an aggregate cost of approximately $21.3 million, or an average cost of $46.63 per share, and subsequently retired these shares. In total, during the three months ended March 31, 2021, we repurchased approximately 13.0 million of our common shares at an aggregate cost of approximately $621.3 million, or an average cost of $48.00 per share.

As of both March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we held approximately 10.0 million of treasury shares for U.S. GAAP purposes. These treasury shares increased our shareholders’ deficit and are reflected at cost within our accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Although these shares are owned by an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of ours and remain legally outstanding, they are reflected as treasury shares under U.S. GAAP and therefore reduce the number of common shares outstanding within our condensed consolidated financial statements and the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding used in calculating earnings per share. The common shares of Herbalife Nutrition Ltd. held by the indirect wholly-owned subsidiary, however, remain outstanding on the books and records of our transfer agent and therefore still carry voting and other share rights related to ownership of our common shares, which may be exercised. So long as it is consistent with applicable laws, such shares will be voted by such subsidiary in the same manner, and to the maximum extent possible in the same proportion, as all other votes cast with respect to any matter properly submitted to a vote of Herbalife Nutrition Ltd.’s shareholders.

See Note 10, Shareholders’ Deficit, to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for a further discussion on our share repurchases.

Working Capital and Operating Activities

As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had working capital of $339.5 million and $351.4 million, respectively, or a decrease of $11.9 million. The decrease was primarily due to decreases in cash and cash equivalents and inventories and an increase in royalty overrides, partially offset by increases in receivables and prepaid expenses and other current assets and decreases in other current liabilities.

We expect that cash and funds provided from operations, available borrowings under the 2018 Credit Facility, and access to capital markets will provide sufficient working capital to operate our business, to make expected capital expenditures, and to meet foreseeable liquidity requirements for the next twelve months and thereafter.

The majority of our purchases from suppliers are generally made in U.S. dollars, while sales to our Members generally are made in local currencies. Consequently, strengthening of the U.S. dollar versus a foreign currency can have a negative impact on net sales and contribution margins and can generate transaction gains or losses on intercompany transactions. For discussion of our foreign exchange contracts and other hedging arrangements, see Part I, Item 3, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Contingencies

See Note 5, Contingencies, to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for information on our contingencies as of March 31, 2022.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the year. We regularly evaluate our estimates and assumptions related to revenue recognition, allowance for product returns, inventory, goodwill and purchased intangible asset valuations, deferred income tax asset valuation allowances, uncertain tax positions, tax contingencies, and other loss contingencies. We base our estimates and assumptions on current facts, historical experience and various other factors that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities and the recording of revenue, costs and expenses. Actual results could differ from those estimates. We consider the following policies to be most critical in understanding the judgments that are involved in preparing the financial statements and the uncertainties that could impact our operating results, financial condition and cash flows.

We are a nutrition company that sells a wide range of weight management; targeted nutrition; energy, sports, and fitness; and outer nutrition products. Our products are manufactured by us in our Changsha, Hunan, China extraction facility; Suzhou, China facility; Nanjing, China facility; Lake Forest, California facility; and Winston-Salem, North Carolina facility; and by third-party providers, and then are sold to Members who consume and sell Herbalife Nutrition products to retail consumers or other Members. As of March 31, 2022, we sold products in 95 markets throughout the world and we are organized and managed by geographic region. We aggregate our operating segments into one reporting segment, except China, as management believes that our operating segments have similar operating characteristics and similar long-term operating performance. In making this determination, management believes that the operating segments are similar in the nature of the products sold, the product acquisition process, the types of customers to whom products are sold, the methods used to distribute the products, the nature of the regulatory environment, and their economic characteristics.

We generally recognize revenue upon delivery when control passes to the Member. Product sales are recognized net of product returns, and discounts referred to as “distributor allowances.” We generally receive the net sales price in cash or through credit card payments at the point of sale. Royalty overrides are generally recorded when revenue is recognized. See Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for a further discussion of distributor compensation in the U.S.

Allowances for product returns, primarily in connection with our buyback program, are provided at the time the sale is recorded. This accrual is based upon historical return rates for each country and the relevant return pattern, which reflects anticipated returns to be received over a period of up to 12 months following the original sale. Historically, product returns and buybacks have not been significant. Product returns and buybacks were approximately 0.1% of net sales for both the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021.

We adjust our inventories to lower of cost and net realizable value. Additionally we adjust the carrying value of our inventory based on assumptions regarding future demand for our products and market conditions. If future demand and market conditions are less favorable than management’s assumptions, additional inventory write-downs could be required. Likewise, favorable future demand and market conditions could positively impact future operating results if previously written down inventories are sold. We have obsolete and slow moving inventories which have been adjusted downward $37.8 million and $31.4 million to present them at their lower of cost and net realizable value in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

Goodwill and marketing-related intangible assets not subject to amortization are tested annually for impairment, and are tested for impairment more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired.

Under the quantitative method for impairment testing of goodwill, which is done at the reporting unit level, we primarily use an income approach in order to determine the fair value of a reporting unit and compare it to its carrying amount. The determination of the fair value of the reporting units requires us to make significant estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions include estimates of future revenues and expense growth rates, capital expenditures and the depreciation and amortization related to these capital expenditures, discount rates, and other inputs. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making these estimates, actual future results could differ. Changes in assumptions regarding future results or other underlying assumptions could have a significant impact on the fair value of the reporting unit. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized for any excess of the carrying amount of the reporting unit over its fair value. During fiscal year 2021, we performed a quantitative assessment and determined that the fair value of each reporting unit was significantly greater than its respective carrying value.

Under the quantitative method for impairment testing of our marketing-related intangible assets, we use a discounted cash flow model, or the income approach, under the relief-from-royalty method to determine the fair value of our marketing-related intangible assets in order to confirm there is no impairment required. An impairment loss is recognized to the extent that the carrying amount of the assets exceeds their fair value. During fiscal year 2021, we performed a quantitative assessment of our marketing-related intangible assets and determined that the fair value of the assets was significantly greater than their carrying value.

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As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had goodwill of approximately $96.0 million and $95.4 million, respectively. The increase in goodwill during the three months ended March 31, 2022 was due to foreign currency translation adjustments. As of both March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we had marketing-related intangible assets of approximately $310.0 million. No goodwill or marketing-related intangibles impairment was recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2022 and 2021. See Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a further discussion.

Contingencies are accounted for in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 450, Contingencies, or ASC 450. ASC 450 requires that we record an estimated loss from a loss contingency when information available prior to issuance of our financial statements indicates that it is probable that an asset has been impaired or a liability has been incurred at the date of the financial statements and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. We also disclose material contingencies when we believe a loss is not probable but reasonably possible as required by ASC 450. Accounting for contingencies such as legal and non-income tax matters requires us to use judgment related to both the likelihood of a loss and the estimate of the amount or range of loss. Many of these legal and tax contingencies can take years to be resolved. Generally, as the time period increases over which the uncertainties are resolved, the likelihood of changes to the estimate of the ultimate outcome increases.

As part of the process of preparing our condensed consolidated financial statements, we are required to estimate our income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which we operate prior to the completion and filing of tax returns for such periods. These estimates involve complex issues and require us to make judgments about the likely application of the tax law to our situation, as well as with respect to other matters, such as anticipating the positions that we will take on tax returns prior to us actually preparing the returns and the outcomes of disputes with tax authorities. The ultimate resolution of these issues may take extended periods of time due to examinations by tax authorities and statutes of limitations. In addition, changes in our business, including acquisitions, changes in our international corporate structure, changes in the geographic location of business functions or assets, changes in the geographic mix and amount of income, as well as changes in our agreements with tax authorities, valuation allowances, applicable accounting rules, applicable tax laws and regulations, rulings and interpretations thereof, developments in tax audit and other matters, and variations in the estimated and actual level of annual pre-tax income can affect the overall effective income tax rate.

We evaluate the realizability of our deferred tax assets by assessing the valuation allowance and by adjusting the amount of such allowance, if necessary. Although realization is not assured, we believe it is more likely than not that the net carrying value will be realized. The amount of the carryforwards that is considered realizable, however, could change if estimates of future taxable income are adjusted. The ability to forecast income over multiple years at a jurisdictional level is subject to uncertainty especially when our assessment of valuation allowances factor in longer term income forecasts. The impact of increasing or decreasing the valuation allowance could be material to our condensed consolidated financial statements. See Note 12, Income Taxes, to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part IV, Item 15, Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules, of the 2021 10-K for additional information on our net deferred tax assets and valuation allowances.

We account for uncertain tax positions in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 740, Income Taxes, or ASC 740, which provides guidance on the determination of how tax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax return should be recorded in the financial statements. Under ASC 740, we must recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate resolution.

Our policy is to account for global intangible low-taxed income as a period cost if and when incurred.

We account for foreign currency transactions in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 830, Foreign Currency Matters. In a majority of the countries where we operate, the functional currency is the local currency. Our foreign subsidiaries’ asset and liability accounts are translated for condensed consolidated financial reporting purposes into U.S. dollar amounts at period-end exchange rates. Revenue and expense accounts are translated at the average rates during the year. Our foreign currency translation adjustments are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss on our accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses and foreign currency remeasurements are generally included in selling, general, and administrative expenses in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of income.

New Accounting Pronouncements

See discussion under Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for information on new accounting pronouncements.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are exposed to market risks, which arise during the normal course of business from changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. On a selected basis, we use derivative financial instruments to manage or hedge certain of these risks. All hedging transactions are authorized and executed pursuant to written guidelines and procedures.

We apply FASB ASC Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, or ASC 815, which established accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments, including certain derivative instruments embedded in other contracts, and for hedging activities. All derivatives, whether designated in hedging relationships or not, are required to be recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. If the derivative is designated as a fair-value hedge, the changes in the fair value of the derivative and the underlying hedged item are recognized concurrently in earnings. If the derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge, changes in the fair value of the derivative are recorded in other comprehensive loss and are recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of income when the hedged item affects earnings. ASC 815 defines the requirements for designation and documentation of hedging relationships as well as ongoing effectiveness assessments in order to use hedge accounting. For a derivative that does not qualify as a hedge, changes in fair value are recognized concurrently in earnings.

A discussion of our primary market risk exposures and derivatives is presented below.

Foreign Exchange Risk

We transact business globally and are subject to risks associated with changes in foreign exchange rates. Our objective is to minimize the impact to earnings and cash flow associated with foreign exchange rate fluctuations. We enter into foreign exchange derivatives in the ordinary course of business primarily to reduce exposure to currency fluctuations attributable to intercompany transactions, translation of local currency earnings, inventory purchases subject to foreign currency exposure, and to partially mitigate the impact of foreign currency rate fluctuations. Due to volatility in foreign exchange markets, our current strategy, in general, is to hedge some of the significant exposures on a short-term basis. We will continue to monitor the foreign exchange markets and evaluate our hedging strategy accordingly. With the exception of our foreign currency forward contracts relating to forecasted inventory purchases and intercompany management fees discussed below, all of our foreign exchange contracts are designated as freestanding derivatives for which hedge accounting does not apply. The changes in the fair value of the derivatives not qualifying as cash flow hedges are included in selling, general, and administrative expenses within our condensed consolidated statements of income.

The foreign currency forward contracts and option contracts designated as freestanding derivatives are primarily used to hedge foreign currency-denominated intercompany transactions and to partially mitigate the impact of foreign currency fluctuations. The fair value of foreign exchange derivative contracts is based on third-party quotes. Our foreign currency derivative contracts are generally executed on a monthly basis.

We also purchase foreign currency forward contracts in order to hedge forecasted inventory transactions and intercompany management fees that are designated as cash flow hedges and are subject to foreign currency exposures. We applied the hedge accounting rules as required by ASC 815 for these hedges. These contracts allow us to buy and sell certain currencies at specified contract rates. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the aggregate notional amounts of these contracts outstanding were approximately $72.1 million and $54.5 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2022, the outstanding contracts were expected to mature over the next fifteen months. Our derivative financial instruments are recorded on the condensed consolidated balance sheets at fair value based on quoted market rates. For the forecasted inventory transactions, the forward contracts are used to hedge forecasted inventory transactions over specific months. Changes in the fair value of these forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges, excluding forward points, are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss within shareholders’ deficit, and are recognized in cost of sales within our condensed consolidated statement of income during the period which approximates the time the hedged inventory is sold. We also hedge forecasted intercompany management fees over specific months. Changes in the fair value of these forward contracts designated as cash flow hedges, excluding forward points, are recorded as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss within shareholders’ deficit, and are recognized in selling, general, and administrative expenses within our consolidated statement of income during the period when the hedged item and underlying transaction affect earnings. As of March 31, 2022, we recorded assets at fair value of $0.8 million and liabilities at fair value of $4.3 million relating to all outstanding foreign currency contracts designated as cash flow hedges. As of December 31, 2021, we recorded assets at fair value of $0.3 million and liabilities at fair value of $1.7 million relating to all outstanding foreign currency contracts designated as cash flow hedges. These hedges remained effective as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

As of both March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the majority of our outstanding foreign currency forward contracts had maturity dates of less than twelve months with the majority of freestanding derivatives expiring within one month.

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The following table provides information about the details of all foreign currency forward contracts that were outstanding as of March 31, 2022:

|  | Weighted-Average Contract Rate |  |  | Notional Amount |  |  | Fair Value Gain (Loss) |
|  | (in millions, except weighted-average contract rate) |
As of March 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Buy British pound sell Euro |  |  | 0.84 |  |  | $ | 3.3 |  |  | $ | — |
Buy Chinese yuan sell Euro |  |  | 7.73 |  |  |  | 49.8 |  |  |  | 3.8 |
Buy Chinese yuan sell U.S. dollar |  |  | 6.63 |  |  |  | 58.8 |  |  |  | 2.3 |
Buy Danish krone sell U.S. dollar |  |  | 6.74 |  |  |  | 0.9 |  |  |  | — |
Buy Euro sell British pound |  |  | 0.85 |  |  |  | 1.0 |  |  |  | — |
Buy Euro sell Canadian dollar |  |  | 1.38 |  |  |  | 1.0 |  |  |  | — |
Buy Euro sell Chilean peso |  |  | 893.71 |  |  |  | 2.2 |  |  |  | — |
Buy Euro sell Chinese yuan |  |  | 7.05 |  |  |  | 1.4 |  |  |  | — |
Buy Euro sell Hong Kong dollar |  |  | 8.64 |  |  |  | 2.6 |  |  |  | — |
Buy Euro sell Indonesiah rupiah |  |  | 15,849.00 |  |  |  | 10.2 |  |  |  | — |
Buy Euro sell Kazakhstani tenge |  |  | 529.30 |  |  |  | 1.1 |  |  |  | — |
Buy Euro sell Korean won |  |  | 1,345.68 |  |  |  | 1.9 |  |  |  | — |
Buy Euro sell Malaysian ringgit |  |  | 4.67 |  |  |  | 23.9 |  |  |  | — |
Buy Euro sell Mexican peso |  |  | 24.64 |  |  |  | 50.9 |  |  |  | (4.4 | )
Buy Euro sell Peruvian nuevo sol |  |  | 4.19 |  |  |  | 1.6 |  |  |  | — |
Buy Euro sell Philippine peso |  |  | 58.10 |  |  |  | 1.4 |  |  |  | — |
Buy Euro sell Russian ruble |  |  | 119.45 |  |  |  | 7.4 |  |  |  | (2.2 | )
Buy Euro sell Taiwan dollar |  |  | 31.84 |  |  |  | 1.6 |  |  |  | — |
Buy Euro sell Thai baht |  |  | 36.87 |  |  |  | 1.2 |  |  |  | — |
Buy Euro sell Turkish lira |  |  | 16.85 |  |  |  | 2.0 |  |  |  | — |
Buy Euro sell U.S. dollar |  |  | 1.10 |  |  |  | 47.1 |  |  |  | 0.2 |
Buy Euro sell Vietnamese dong |  |  | 25,465.00 |  |  |  | 61.3 |  |  |  | (0.2 | )
Buy Indonesiah rupiah sell U.S. dollar |  |  | 14,351.48 |  |  |  | 6.9 |  |  |  | — |
Buy Mexican peso sell Euro |  |  | 22.30 |  |  |  | 1.5 |  |  |  | — |
Buy Mexican peso sell U.S. dollar |  |  | 20.52 |  |  |  | 6.8 |  |  |  | 0.1 |
Buy Norwegian krone sell U.S. dollar |  |  | 8.77 |  |  |  | 2.2 |  |  |  | — |
Buy Polish zloty sell U.S. dollar |  |  | 4.27 |  |  |  | 0.9 |  |  |  | — |
Buy Swedish krona sell U.S. dollar |  |  | 9.44 |  |  |  | 2.0 |  |  |  | — |
Buy Taiwan dollar sell U.S. dollar |  |  | 28.27 |  |  |  | 7.8 |  |  |  | (0.1 | )
Buy U.S. dollar sell Australian dollar |  |  | 0.74 |  |  |  | 1.4 |  |  |  | — |
Buy U.S. dollar sell Brazilian real |  |  | 5.09 |  |  |  | 13.3 |  |  |  | (0.9 | )
Buy U.S. dollar sell Colombian peso |  |  | 3,808.38 |  |  |  | 2.6 |  |  |  | — |
Buy U.S. dollar sell Euro |  |  | 1.11 |  |  |  | 231.5 |  |  |  | 0.5 |
Buy U.S. dollar sell Indian rupee |  |  | 76.47 |  |  |  | 2.9 |  |  |  | — |
Buy U.S. dollar sell Korean won |  |  | 1,179.42 |  |  |  | 4.0 |  |  |  | 0.1 |
Buy U.S. dollar sell Mexican peso |  |  | 22.43 |  |  |  | 10.6 |  |  |  | (0.8 | )
Buy U.S. dollar sell Philippine peso |  |  | 52.57 |  |  |  | 4.8 |  |  |  | (0.1 | )
Buy U.S. dollar sell South African rand |  |  | 14.72 |  |  |  | 2.0 |  |  |  | — |
Total forward contracts |  |  |  |  | $ | 633.8 |  |  | $ | (1.7 | )

The majority of our foreign subsidiaries designate their local currencies as their functional currencies. See Liquidity and Capital Resources — Cash and Cash Equivalents in Part I, Item 2, Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further discussion of our foreign subsidiary cash and cash equivalents.

52

Interest Rate Risk

As of March 31, 2022, the aggregate annual maturities of the 2018 Credit Facility were expected to be $21.8 million for the remainder of 2022, $29.0 million for 2023, $36.1 million for 2024, and $1,000.5 million for 2025. As of March 31, 2022, the fair values of the 2018 Term Loan A, 2018 Term Loan B, and 2018 Revolving Credit Facility were approximately $268.5 million, $651.3 million, and $150.0 million, respectively, and the carrying values were $272.9 million, $658.9 million, and $150.0 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, the fair values of the 2018 Term Loan A, 2018 Term Loan B, and 2018 Revolving Credit Facility were approximately $278.0 million, $663.1 million, and $150.0 million, respectively, and the carrying values were $278.1 million, $660.5 million, and $150.0 million, respectively. The 2018 Credit Facility bears variable interest rates, and as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the weighted-average interest rate for borrowings under the 2018 Credit Facility was 2.53% and 2.62%, respectively.

During the first quarter of 2020, we entered into various interest rate swap agreements with effective dates ranging between February 2020 and March 2020. These agreements collectively provide for us to pay interest at a weighted-average fixed rate of 0.98% on aggregate notional amounts of $100.0 million under the 2018 Credit Facility until their respective expiration dates ranging between February 2022 and March 2023, while receiving interest based on LIBOR on the same notional amounts for the same periods. At inception, these swap agreements were designated as cash flow hedges against the variability in certain LIBOR-based borrowings under the 2018 Credit Facility, effectively fixing the interest rate on such notional amounts at a weighted-average effective rate of, depending on our total leverage ratio, between 2.73% and 3.23%. As of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the aggregate notional amounts of interest rate swap agreements outstanding were approximately $25.0 million and $100.0 million, respectively. The fair values of the interest rate swap agreements are based on third-party bank quotes, and as of March 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we recorded assets at fair value of $0.3 million and liabilities at fair value of $0.1 million, respectively, relating to these interest rate swap agreements.

Our exposure to interest rate volatility risk related to our 2018 Credit Facility is partially mitigated by our interest rate swaps. If interest rates were to increase or decrease by 1% for the year and our borrowing amounts on our 2018 Credit Facility and related interest rate swaps remained constant, our annual interest expense could increase by approximately $10.6 million or decrease by approximately $4.8 million, respectively. The variable interest rates payable under our 2018 Credit Facility continue to be linked to LIBOR as the benchmark for establishing such rates. Recent national, international and other regulatory guidance and reform proposals regarding LIBOR required certain LIBOR tenors to be discontinued or become unavailable by the end of 2021 and are requiring LIBOR to be fully discontinued or become unavailable as a benchmark rate by June 2023. Our 2018 Credit Facility includes mechanics to facilitate the adoption by us and our lenders of an alternative benchmark rate for use in place of LIBOR which may result in interest rates that are higher or lower than those that would have resulted had LIBOR remained in effect.

As of March 31, 2022, the fair value of the 2024 Convertible Notes was approximately $515.3 million and the carrying value was $545.6 million. As of December 31, 2021, the fair value of the liability component of the 2024 Convertible Notes was approximately $547.4 million and the carrying value was $486.0 million. The 2024 Convertible Notes pay interest at a fixed rate of 2.625% per annum payable semiannually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year, beginning on September 15, 2018. Unless redeemed, repurchased or converted in accordance with their terms prior to such date, the 2024 Convertible Notes mature on March 15, 2024. See Note 4, Long-Term Debt, to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a further discussion on the impact of adopting ASU 2020-06.

As of March 31, 2022, the fair value of the 2025 Notes was approximately $616.9 million and the carrying value was $594.5 million. As of December 31, 2021, the fair value of the 2025 Notes was approximately $639.7 million and the carrying value was $594.2 million. The 2025 Notes pay interest at a fixed rate of 7.875% per annum payable semiannually in arrears on March 1 and September 1 of each year, beginning on March 1, 2021. The 2025 Notes mature on September 1, 2025, unless redeemed or repurchased in accordance with their terms prior to such date. The 2025 Notes are recorded at their carrying value and their fair value is used only for disclosure purposes, so an increase or decrease in interest rates would not have any impact to our condensed consolidated financial statements; however, if interest rates were to increase or decrease by 1%, their fair value could decrease by approximately $13.3 million or increase by approximately $11.8 million, respectively.

As of March 31, 2022, the fair value of the 2029 Notes was approximately $527.2 million and the carrying value was $593.0 million. As of December 31, 2021, the fair value of the 2029 Notes was approximately $588.9 million and the carrying value was $592.8 million. The 2029 Notes pay interest at a fixed rate of 4.875% per annum payable semiannually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on December 1, 2021. The 2029 Notes mature on June 1, 2029, unless redeemed or repurchased in accordance with their terms prior to such date. The 2029 Notes are recorded at their carrying value and their fair value is used only for disclosure purposes, so an increase or decrease in interest rates would not have any impact to our condensed consolidated financial statements; however, if interest rates were to increase or decrease by 1%, their fair value could decrease by approximately $29.8 million or increase by approximately $31.9 million, respectively.

53

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2022.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting. There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

54

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements other than statements of historical fact are “forward-looking statements” for purposes of federal and state securities laws, including any projections of earnings, revenue or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategies and objectives of management, including for future operations, capital expenditures, or share repurchases; any statements concerning proposed new products, services, or developments; any statements regarding future economic conditions or performance; any statements of belief or expectation; and any statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing or other future events. Forward-looking statements may include, among other, the words “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “intend,” “continue,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate” or any other similar words.

Although we believe that the expectations reflected in any of our forward-looking statements are reasonable, actual results or outcomes could differ materially from those projected or assumed in any of our forward-looking statements. Our future financial condition and results of operations, as well as any forward-looking statements, are subject to change and to inherent risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control. Additionally, many of these risks and uncertainties are, and may continue to be, amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic. Important factors that could cause our actual results, performance and achievements, or industry results to differ materially from estimates or projections contained in or implied by our forward-looking statements include the following:

•
the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on us; our Members, customers, and supply chain; and the world economy;
•
our ability to attract and retain Members;
•
our relationship with, and our ability to influence the actions of, our Members;
•
our noncompliance with, or improper action by our employees or Members in violation of, applicable U.S. and foreign laws, rules, and regulations;
•
adverse publicity associated with our Company or the direct-selling industry, including our ability to comfort the marketplace and regulators regarding our compliance with applicable laws;
•
changing consumer preferences and demands and evolving industry standards, including with respect to climate change, sustainability, and other environmental, social, and governance, or ESG, matters;
•
the competitive nature of our business and industry;
•
legal and regulatory matters, including regulatory actions concerning, or legal challenges to, our products or network marketing program and product liability claims;
•
the Consent Order entered into with the FTC, the effects thereof and any failure to comply therewith;
•
risks associated with operating internationally and in China;
•
our ability to execute our growth and other strategic initiatives, including implementation of our transformation program and increased penetration of our existing markets;
•
any material disruption to our business caused by natural disasters, other catastrophic events, acts of war or terrorism, including the war in Ukraine, cybersecurity incidents, pandemics, and/or other acts by third parties;
•
our ability to adequately source ingredients, packaging materials, and other raw materials and manufacture and distribute our products;
•
our reliance on our information technology infrastructure;
•
noncompliance by us or our Members with any privacy laws, rules, or regulations or any security breach involving the misappropriation, loss, or other unauthorized use or disclosure of confidential information;
•
contractual limitations on our ability to expand or change our direct-selling business model;
•
the sufficiency of our trademarks and other intellectual property;
•
product concentration;
•
our reliance upon, or the loss or departure of any member of, our senior management team;
•
restrictions imposed by covenants in the agreements governing our indebtedness;
•
risks related to our convertible notes;

55

•
changes in, and uncertainties relating to, the application of transfer pricing, income tax, customs duties, value added taxes, and other tax laws, treaties, and regulations, or their interpretation;
•
our incorporation under the laws of the Cayman Islands; and
•
share price volatility related to, among other things, speculative trading and certain traders shorting our common shares.

Additional factors and uncertainties that could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from our forward-looking statements are set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and the related Notes, and in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, of the 2021 10-K. In addition, historical, current, and forward-looking sustainability-related statements may be based on standards for measuring progress that are still developing, internal controls and processes that continue to evolve, and assumptions that are subject to change in the future.

Forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q speak only as of the date hereof. We do not undertake any obligation to update or release any revisions to any forward-looking statement or to report any events or circumstances after the date hereof or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

See discussion under Note 5, Contingencies, to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Our business, reputation, prospects, financial condition, operating results, cash flows, liquidity, and share price can be affected by a number of factors, whether currently known or unknown, including those described in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, of the 2021 10-K. When any one or more of these risks materialize from time to time, our business, reputation, prospects, financial condition, operating results, cash flows, liquidity, and share price can be materially and adversely affected. There have been no material changes to our risk factors disclosed in the 2021 10-K.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

(a) None.

(b) None.

(c) On February 9, 2021, our board of directors authorized a new three-year $1.5 billion share repurchase program that will expire on February 9, 2024, which replaced our prior share repurchase authorization that was set to expire on October 30, 2023 and had approximately $7.9 million of remaining authorized capacity when it was replaced. This share repurchase program allows us, which includes an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Herbalife Nutrition Ltd., to repurchase our common shares at such times and prices as determined by management, as market conditions warrant, and to the extent Herbalife Nutrition Ltd.’s distributable reserves are available under Cayman Islands law. The 2018 Credit Facility permits us to repurchase our common shares as long as no default or event of default exists and other conditions, such as specified consolidated leverage ratios, are met. As of March 31, 2022, the remaining authorized capacity under our $1.5 billion share repurchase program was approximately $1.0 billion. The following is a summary of our repurchases of common shares during the three months ended March 31, 2022. For further information on our share repurchases, see Note 10, Shareholders’ Deficit, to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q:

|  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs |
January 1 — January 31 |  |  | 717,262 |  |  | $ | 43.92 |  |  |  | 717,262 |  |  | $ | 1,085,811,394 |
February 1 — February 28 |  |  | 1,174,102 |  |  | $ | 38.44 |  |  |  | 1,174,102 |  |  | $ | 1,040,683,043 |
March 1 — March 31 |  |  | 694,318 |  |  | $ | 36.06 |  |  |  | 694,318 |  |  | $ | 1,015,646,447 |
|  |  | 2,585,682 |  |  | $ | 39.32 |  |  |  | 2,585,682 |  |  | $ | 1,015,646,447 |

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

(a) None.

(b) None.

Item 6. Exhibits

(a) Exhibit Index:

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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number |  | Description |  | Reference
3.1 |  | Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of Herbalife Nutrition Ltd. |  | (t)
4.1 |  | Form of Share Certificate |  | (c)
4.2 |  | Indenture between Herbalife Ltd. (n/k/a Herbalife Nutrition Ltd.) and MUFG Union Bank, N.A., as trustee, dated as of March 23, 2018, governing the 2.625% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 |  | (k)
4.3 |  | Form of Global Note for 2.625% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (included as Exhibit A to Exhibit 4.2 hereto) |  | (k)
4.4 |  | First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of December 1, 2021, between Herbalife Nutrition Ltd. and U.S. Bank National Association, as successor to MUFG Union Bank, N.A., as trustee |  | (bb)
4.5 |  | Indenture among Herbalife Nutrition Ltd., HLF Financing, Inc., the guarantors party thereto and MUFG Union Bank, N.A., as trustee, dated as of May 29, 2020, governing the 7.875% Senior Notes due 2025 |  | (u)
4.6 |  | Form of Global Note for 7.875% Senior Notes due 2025 (included as Exhibit A to Exhibit 4.5 hereto) |  | (u)
4.7 |  | Indenture among HLF Financing SaRL, LLC, Herbalife International, Inc., the guarantors party thereto and Citibank, N.A., as trustee, dated as of May 20, 2021, governing the 4.875% Senior Notes due 2029 |  | (y)
4.8 |  | Form of Global Note for 4.875% Senior Notes due 2029 (included as Exhibit A to Exhibit 4.7 hereto) |  | (y)
10.1# |  | Form of Second Amendment and Restatement of the Herbalife International of America, Inc. Senior Executive Deferred Compensation Plan |  | (r)
10.2# |  | Form of Second Amendment and Restatement of the Herbalife International of America, Inc. Management Deferred Compensation Plan |  | (r)
10.3# |  | Notice to Distributors, dated as of July 18, 2002, regarding Amendment to Agreements of Distributorship, between Herbalife International, Inc. and each Herbalife Distributor |  | (a)
10.4# |  | Side Letter Agreement dated as of April 3, 2003 by and among WH Holdings (Cayman Islands) Ltd., Michael O. Johnson and the Shareholders listed therein |  | (a)
10.5# |  | Herbalife Ltd. Executive Incentive Plan |  | (f)
10.6 |  | Form of Indemnification Agreement between Herbalife Ltd. and each of its directors and certain of its officers |  | (b)
10.7# |  | Amended and Restated Herbalife Ltd. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan |  | (d)
10.8# |  | Form of Amendment to Amended and Restated Herbalife Ltd. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan |  | (f)
10.9# |  | Form of Herbalife Ltd. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan Stock Unit Award Agreement |  | (i)
10.10# |  | Form of Herbalife Ltd. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan Stock Appreciation Right Award Agreement |  | (i)
10.11# |  | Form of Herbalife Ltd. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan Performance Condition Stock Appreciation Right Award Agreement |  | (n)
10.12# |  | Form of Herbalife Ltd. 2005 Stock Incentive Plan Non-Employee Directors Stock Appreciation Right Award Agreement |  | (e)
10.13# |  | Amended and Restated Herbalife Ltd. Non-Management Directors Compensation Plan |  | (e)
10.14# |  | Herbalife Ltd. Employee Stock Purchase Plan |  | (l)
10.15# |  | Amended and Restated Herbalife Ltd. 2014 Stock Incentive Plan |  | (x)
10.16# |  | Form of Herbalife Ltd. 2014 Stock Incentive Plan Stock Unit Award Agreement |  | (aa)
10.17# |  | Form of Herbalife Ltd. 2014 Stock Incentive Plan Stock Unit Award Agreement (Performance-Vesting) |  | (aa)
10.18# |  | Form of Herbalife Ltd. 2014 Stock Incentive Plan Lead Director Stock Unit Award Agreement |  | (aa)
10.19# |  | Form of Herbalife Ltd. 2014 Stock Incentive Plan Board of Directors Stock Unit Award Agreement |  | (aa)
10.20# |  | Form of Herbalife Ltd. 2014 Stock Incentive Plan Stock Appreciation Right Award Agreement |  | (j)
10.21# |  | Form of Herbalife Ltd. 2014 Stock Incentive Plan Performance Based Stock Appreciation Right Award Agreement |  | (j)
10.22# |  | Form of Herbalife Ltd. 2014 Stock Incentive Plan Restricted Cash Unit Award Agreement |  | (j)
10.23 |  | Stipulation to Entry of Order for Permanent Injunction and Monetary Judgment |  | (g)
10.24# |  | Herbalife International of America, Inc. Executive Officer Severance Plan |  | (h)
10.25 |  | Credit Agreement, dated as of August 16, 2018, among HLF Financing SaRL, LLC, Herbalife Nutrition Ltd., Herbalife International Luxembourg S.à R.L., Herbalife International, Inc., the several banks and other financial institutions or entities from time to time party thereto as lenders, Jefferies Finance LLC, as administrative agent for the Term Loan B Lenders and collateral agent, and Coöperatieve Rabobank U.A., New York Branch, as an Issuing Bank and as administrative agent for the Term Loan A Lenders and the Revolving Credit Lenders |  | (m)
10.26# |  | Letter Agreement, dated July 11, 2019, by and between Michael O. Johnson and Herbalife International of America, Inc. |  | (o)

58

10.27# |  | Employment Agreement, dated as of October 23, 2019, by and among Dr. John Agwunobi, Herbalife International of America, Inc., and Herbalife Nutrition Ltd. |  | (p)
10.28# |  | Employment Agreement, dated as of October 23, 2019, by and among John G. DeSimone, Herbalife International of America, Inc., and Herbalife Nutrition Ltd. |  | (p)
10.29 |  | First Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of December 12, 2019, by and among HLF Financing SaRL, LLC, Herbalife Nutrition Ltd., Herbalife International Luxembourg S.à R.L., Herbalife International, Inc., the Company’s subsidiaries party thereto as subsidiary guarantors, the several banks and other financial institutions or entities party thereto as lenders and Jefferies Finance LLC, as administrative agent for the Term Loan B Lenders and collateral agent |  | (q)
10.30 |  | Second Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of March 19, 2020, by and among HLF Financing SaRL, LLC, Herbalife Nutrition Ltd., Herbalife International Luxembourg S.à R.L., Herbalife International, Inc., the Company’s subsidiaries party thereto as subsidiary guarantors, the several banks and other financial institutions or entities party thereto as lenders and Coöperatieve Rabobank U.A., New York Branch as administrative agent for the Term Loan A Lenders and Revolving Credit Lenders |  | (s)
10.31# |  | Retention Agreement, effective as of April 6, 2020, by and between Mark Schissel and the Company |  | (aa)
10.32 |  | Deferred Prosecution Agreement between Herbalife Nutrition Ltd. and the United States Department of Justice |  | (v)
10.33 |  | Order Instituting Cease-and-Desist Proceedings Pursuant to Section 21C of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Making Findings, and Imposing a Cease-and-Desist Order |  | (v)
10.34 |  | Third Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of February 10, 2021, by and among HLF Financing SaRL, LLC, Herbalife Nutrition Ltd., Herbalife International Luxembourg S.à R.L., Herbalife International, Inc., the Company’s subsidiaries party thereto as subsidiary guarantors, the several banks and other financial institutions or entities party thereto as lenders and Jefferies Finance LLC, as administrative agent for the Term Loan B Lenders and collateral agent |  | (w)
10.35 |  | Fourth Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of July 30, 2021, by and among HLF Financing SaRL, LLC, Herbalife Nutrition Ltd., Herbalife International Luxembourg S.à R.L., Herbalife International, Inc., the Company’s subsidiaries party thereto as subsidiary guarantors, the several banks and other financial institutions or entities party thereto as lenders and Coöperatieve Rabobank U.A., New York Branch as administrative agent for the Term Loan A Lenders and Revolving Credit Lenders and Sustainability Coordinator |  | (z)
31.1 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer |  | *
31.2 |  | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer |  | *
32.1 |  | Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer |  | **
32.2 |  | Section 1350 Certification of Chief Financial Officer |  | **
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document – The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document |  | *
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |  | *
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |  | *
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |  | *
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |  | *
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |  | *
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File – The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 is formatted in Inline XBRL (included as Exhibit 101) |  | *

* Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith.

# Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

(a)
Previously filed on October 1, 2004 as an Exhibit to the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-119485) and is incorporated herein by reference.
(b)
Previously filed on December 2, 2004 as an Exhibit to Amendment No. 4 to the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-119485) and is incorporated herein by reference.
(c)
Previously filed on December 14, 2004 as an Exhibit to Amendment No. 5 to the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-119485) and is incorporated herein by reference.
(d)
Previously filed on May 5, 2015 as an Exhibit to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2015 and is incorporated herein by reference.
(e)
Previously filed on August 5, 2015 as an Exhibit to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2015 and is incorporated herein by reference.
(f)
Previously filed on May 5, 2016 as an Exhibit to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2016 and is incorporated herein by reference.

59

(g)
Previously filed on July 15, 2016 as an Exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference.
(h)
Previously filed on February 23, 2017 as an Exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 and is incorporated herein by reference.
(i)
Previously filed on August 1, 2017 as an Exhibit to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017 and is incorporated herein by reference.
(j)
Previously filed on February 22, 2018 as an Exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 and is incorporated herein by reference.
(k)
Previously filed on March 29, 2018 as an Exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference.
(l)
Previously filed on May 3, 2018 as an Exhibit to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 and is incorporated herein by reference.
(m)
Previously filed on August 22, 2018 as an Exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference.
(n)
Previously filed on February 19, 2019 as an Exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 and is incorporated herein by reference.
(o)
Previously filed on August 1, 2019 as an Exhibit to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2019 and is incorporated herein by reference.
(p)
Previously filed on October 29, 2019 as an Exhibit to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 and is incorporated herein by reference.
(q)
Previously filed on December 12, 2019 as an Exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference.
(r)
Previously filed on February 18, 2020 as an Exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.
(s)
Previously filed on March 19, 2020 as an Exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference.
(t)
Previously filed on May 7, 2020 as an Exhibit to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 and is incorporated herein by reference.
(u)
Previously filed on May 29, 2020 as an Exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference.
(v)
Previously filed on November 5, 2020 as an Exhibit to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020 and is incorporated herein by reference.
(w)
Previously filed on February 11, 2021 as an Exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference.
(x)
Previously filed on May 4, 2021 as an Exhibit to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 and is incorporated herein by reference.
(y)
Previously filed on May 20, 2021 as an Exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference.
(z)
Previously filed on July 30, 2021 as an Exhibit to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference.
(aa)
Previously filed on November 2, 2021 as an Exhibit to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2021 and is incorporated herein by reference.
(bb)
Previously filed on February 23, 2022 as an Exhibit to the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 and is incorporated herein by reference.

60

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

| HERBALIFE NUTRITION LTD.
| By: |  | /s/ ALEXANDER AMEZQUITA
|  |  | Alexander Amezquita Chief Financial Officer

Dated: May 3, 2022

61