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Stock Based Compensation | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2022
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract] |
Stock Based Compensation | Stock Based Compensation Equity Plans 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan The Company adopted the Tiptree 2017 Omnibus Incentive Plan (2017 Equity Plan) on June 6, 2017, which permits the grant of restricted stock units (RSUs), stock, and stock options up to a maximum of 6,100,000 shares of common stock. The general purpose of the 2017 Equity Plan is to attract, motivate and retain selected employees and directors for the Company and its subsidiaries, to provide them with incentives and rewards for performance and to better align their interests with the interests of the Company’s stockholders. Unless otherwise extended, the 2017 Equity Plan terminates automatically on June 6, 2027. Amendment No. 1 to the 2017 Equity Plan, to increase the aggregate shares issuable under the Plan by 4,000,000 shares, was approved by stockholders on June 7, 2022. The table below summarizes changes to the issuances under the Company’s 2017 Equity Plan for the periods indicated, excluding awards granted under the Company’s subsidiary incentive plans that are exchangeable for Tiptree common stock:
2017 Equity Plan | Number of shares (1)
Available for issuance as of December 31, 2021 | 2,344,814 |
RSU, stock and option awards granted | (235,822) |
Forfeited | 528 |
Amendment to plan | 4,000,000 |
Available for issuance as of September 30, 2022 | 6,109,520 |
(1) Excludes awards granted under the Company’s subsidiary incentive plans that are exchangeable for Tiptree common stock. Restricted Stock Units and Stock Awards Tiptree Corporate Incentive Plans The Company values RSUs at their grant-date fair value as measured by Tiptree’s common stock price. Generally, the Tiptree RSUs vest and become non-forfeitable after the third anniversary or with respect to one-third of Tiptree shares granted on each of the first, second and third year anniversaries of the date of the grant, and expensed using the straight-line method over the requisite service period. The RSUs granted after 2019 include a retirement provision and are amortized over the lesser of the service condition or expected retirement date. Stock Awards - Directors’ Compensation The Company values the stock awards at their issuance-date fair value as measured by Tiptree’s common stock price. Upon issuance, the awards are deemed to be granted and immediately vested. The following table presents changes to the issuances of RSUs and stock awards under the 2017 Equity Plan for the periods indicated:
| Number of shares issuable |  | Weighted average grant date fair value
Unvested units as of December 31, 2021 | 599,012 |  |  | $ | 6.59 |
Granted | 235,822 |  |  | 12.93 |
Vested | (328,551) |  |  | 7.00 |
Forfeited | (528) |  |  | 6.26 |
Unvested units as of September 30, 2022 | 505,755 |  |  | $ | 9.64 |
The following tables present the detail of the granted and vested RSUs and stock awards for the periods indicated:
| For the |  |  |  |  | For the |  |
| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
Granted | 2022 |  | 2021 |  |  |  | Vested | 2022 |  | 2021 |  |
Directors | 28,246 |  |  | 50,251 |  |  |  |  | Directors | 28,246 |  |  | 50,251 |  |  |
Employees (1) | 207,576 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | Employees | 300,305 |  |  | 354,133 |  |  |
Total Granted | 235,822 |  |  | 50,251 |  |  |  |  | Total Vested | 328,551 |  |  | 404,384 |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Taxes | (47,274) |  |  | (34,828) |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Net Vested | 281,277 |  |  | 369,556 |  |  |
(1) Includes 94,410 shares that vest ratably over three years and 113,166 shares that cliff vest in 2025 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Tiptree Senior Management Incentive Plan On August 4, 2021, a total of 3,500,000 Performance Restricted Stock Units (PRSUs) were awarded to members of the Company’s senior management. The PRSUs have a 10-year term and are subject to the recipient’s continuous service and a market requirement. A portion of the PRSUs will generally vest upon the achievement of each of five Tiptree share price target milestones ranging from $15 to $60, adjusted for dividends paid, within five pre-established determination periods (subject to a catch-up vesting mechanism) occurring on the second, fourth, sixth, eighth and tenth anniversaries of the grant date. In November 2021, the first tranche of the PRSUs vested, resulting in a net issuance of 215,583 shares of Tiptree common stock. As of September 30, 2022, 3,266,667 PRSUs are unvested. The below table illustrates the aggregate number of PRSUs that will vest upon the achievement of each Tiptree share price target. Such price targets are adjusted down for cumulative dividends paid by the Company since grant (e.g., the next share price target is $19.80 as adjusted for cumulative dividends paid to date).
Original Tiptree Share Price Target |  | Number of PRSUs that Vest
$20 |  | 466,667
$30 |  | 700,000
$45 |  | 933,333
$60 |  | 1,166,667
Upon vesting, the Company will issue shares or if shares are not available under the 2017 Equity Plan, then the Company may in its sole discretion instead deliver cash equal to the fair market value of the underlying shares. As of December 31, 2021, the Company did not have sufficient shares available in the 2017 Equity Plan to settle the PRSUs awarded; as such, the PRSUs were classified as liability awards and were remeasured at each reporting date, and expensed using the straight-line method over the requisite service period. On June 7, 2022, the Board of Directors authorized additional shares, and the Company now has sufficient shares available in the 2017 Equity Plan to settle the PRSUs awarded. As such, the PRSUs were valued on June 7, 2022, and converted to equity awards on that date, and will be expensed using the straight-line method over the remaining service period. The fair value of the PRSUs were estimated using a Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing formula embedded within a Monte Carlo model used to simulate the future stock prices of the Company, which assumes that the market requirement is achieved. The historical volatility was computed based on historical daily returns of the Company’s stock price simulated over the performance period using a lookback period of 10 years. The valuation was done under a risk-neutral framework using the 10-year zero-coupon risk-free interest rate derived from the Treasury Constant Maturities yield curve on the reporting date. The current quarterly dividend rates in effect as of the reporting date are used to calculate a spot dividend yield for use in the model. The following table presents the assumptions used to remeasure the fair value of the PRSUs issued in 2021 as of June 7, 2022, when they were converted to equity awards.
Valuation Input |  |  |  |  |  | As of June 7, 2022 |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Assumption |  |  |  |  |  |
Historical volatility |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 38.70% |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk-free rate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2.95% |  |  |  |  |  |
Dividend yield |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1.45% |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of equity |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11.47% |  |  |  |  |  |
Expected term (years) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6 |  |  |  |  |  |
Stock Option Awards Tiptree Corporate Incentive Plans Option awards have been granted to the Executive Committee with an exercise price equal to the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant. The option awards have a 10-year term and are subject to the recipient’s continuous service, a market requirement, and vest one third on each of the three, four, and five-year anniversaries of the grant date. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the market requirement for all outstanding options was achieved. There were no stock option awards granted in 2022 or 2021. The following table presents the Company's stock option activity for the current period:
| Options outstanding |  | Weighted average exercise price (in dollars per stock option) |  | Weighted average grant date value (in dollars per stock option) |  | Options exercisable
Balance, December 31, 2021 | 1,715,619 |  |  | $ | 6.49 |  |  | $ | 2.29 |  |  | 712,542 |
Balance, September 30, 2022 | 1,707,476 |  |  | $ | 6.49 |  |  | $ | 2.29 |  |  | 1,050,767 |
Weighted average remaining contractual term at September 30, 2022 (in years) | 5.4 |  |  |  |  |  |
Fortegra Equity Incentive Plan Fortegra adopted the 2022 Equity Incentive Plan (“Fortegra Plan”) on June 21, 2022, which permits the grant of RSUs, stock and options up to approximately 7% of Fortegra Common Stock (assuming conversion of the Fortegra Preferred Stock), of which the substantial majority is expected to be delivered in options. The general purpose of the Fortegra Plan is to attract, motivate and retain selected employees of Fortegra, to provide them with incentives and rewards for performance and to better align their interests with those of Fortegra’s stockholders. Unless otherwise extended, the Fortegra Plan terminates automatically on June 21, 2032. The awards under the Fortegra Plan are not exchangeable for Tiptree common stock. As of September 30, 2022, time vesting RSUs and options equal to approximately 0.3% of Fortegra Common Stock (assuming conversion of the Fortegra Preferred Stock) have been granted under the Fortegra Plan. The unvested RSUs were exchanged for prior RSUs granted to management of Fortegra under the LOTS Intermediate Co. Restricted Stock Unit Program. Other Subsidiary Incentive Plans Certain of the Company’s other subsidiaries have established incentive plans under which they are authorized to issue equity of those subsidiaries to certain of their employees. Such awards are accounted for as equity. These awards are subject to performance-vesting criteria based on the performance of the subsidiary (performance vesting awards) and time-vesting subject to continued employment (time vesting awards). Following the service period, such vested awards may be exchanged based on a formula which approximates fair market value, at the option of the holder, for Tiptree common stock under the 2017 Equity Plan. The service period for certain grants has been achieved and those vested subsidiary awards are currently eligible for exchange. The Company has the option, but not the obligation to settle the exchange right in cash. The following table presents changes to the issuances of subsidiary awards under the subsidiary incentive plans for the periods indicated:
| Grant date fair value of equity shares issuable
Unvested balance as of December 31, 2021 | $ | 2,234 |
Granted | 282 |
Vested | (935) |
Performance assumption adjustment | 80 |
Unvested balance as of September 30, 2022 | $ | 1,661 |
The net vested balance of subsidiary awards eligible for exchange as of September 30, 2022 translates to 285,181 shares of Tiptree common stock. Stock Based Compensation Expense The following table presents total stock based compensation expense and the related income tax benefit recognized on the condensed consolidated statements of operations:
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  |
Employee compensation and benefits | $ | 1,573 |  |  | $ | 1,401 |  |  | $ | 7,559 |  |  | $ | 3,372 |  |  |
Director compensation | 122 |  |  | 103 |  |  | 350 |  |  | 345 |  |  |
Income tax benefit | (355) |  |  | (316) |  |  | (1,660) |  |  | (781) |  |  |
Net stock based compensation expense | $ | 1,340 |  |  | $ | 1,188 |  |  | $ | 6,249 |  |  | $ | 2,936 |  |  |
Additional information on total non-vested stock based compensation is as follows:
| As of September 30, 2022
| Stock options |  | Restricted stock awards and RSUs |  | Performance Restricted Stock Units
Unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested awards (1) | $ | 146 |  |  | $ | 806 |  |  | $ | 8,386 |
Weighted - average recognition period (in years) | 1.38 |  | 0.87 |  | 1.03
(1) Includes $122 of unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options at The Fortegra Group that vest ratably over three years..

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